Numerical control lathe with automatic feeding and discharging device
By integrating a three-dimensional moving mechanism and a reverse rotating manipulator into a CNC lathe, the problems of low automation and inaccurate workpiece cutting have been solved, enabling efficient and damage-free workpiece processing and orderly stacking, thereby improving production efficiency and product quality.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511650134.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing CNC lathes suffer from low automation, lack of coordination in workpiece loading and unloading, resulting in low production efficiency, inaccurate workpiece unloading positions that are prone to damage, and a lack of real-time feedback mechanisms, which affects production stability and product quality.
It adopts an integrated high-precision three-dimensional moving mechanism, a synchronously rotating picking and placing robot, and a precise unloading structure that uses positioning cylinders and positioning holes to achieve fully automatic collaborative loading and unloading of workpieces. The cooperation of positioning holes and cylinders ensures accurate and safe unloading.
It enables unmanned and highly efficient workpiece processing, avoids workpiece collisions and messy stacking, improves production stability and product quality, shortens material changeover cycles, and reduces system complexity.
Smart Images
Figure CN121374249A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and specifically relates to a CNC lathe with an automatic loading and unloading device. Background Technology
[0002] In modern machinery manufacturing, CNC lathes, as high-precision and high-efficiency metal cutting equipment, are widely used in mass production in fields such as automotive parts, aerospace, and precision instruments. However, traditional CNC lathes still face many technical bottlenecks in practical applications, especially in terms of automation. Currently, most CNC lathes still rely on manual loading and unloading of workpieces, which not only leads to low production efficiency but also increases labor costs and intensity, making it difficult to meet the demands of modern intelligent manufacturing for efficient, continuous, and unmanned production. Especially in high-volume, multi-variety, and short-cycle machining tasks, frequent manual intervention can easily cause process interruptions, inconsistent cycle times, and even machining errors, seriously affecting the overall production cycle and product quality stability.
[0003] Furthermore, while some existing semi-automatic or low-automation CNC lathes are equipped with simple robotic arms or feeding devices, they generally suffer from the problem of asynchronous loading and unloading actions. Loading and unloading must be performed sequentially, preventing continuous operation of "processing while changing materials," resulting in long idle times and low utilization rates. Simultaneously, these systems often lack intelligent sensing mechanisms, failing to monitor the material bin status, workpiece position, and processing progress in real time, making them prone to abnormalities such as material shortages, misalignment, and jamming, leading to equipment downtime or damage. Additionally, the unreasonable spatial layout between the loading / unloading mechanism and the spindle system in traditional structures restricts the robotic arm's movement path, increases the risk of interference, and makes maintenance difficult, limiting the system's reliability and scalability.
[0004] More importantly, existing unloading devices typically rely solely on a robotic arm to remove the finished workpiece from the spindle and release it directly to the receiving area, without any precise positioning or buffering structures. Due to the lack of precise control over the unloading endpoint, the robotic arm often releases the workpiece prematurely, either too far from the receiving tray or at an excessive height. This "high-altitude throwing" or "long-distance delivery" method easily causes the workpiece to collide, slip, roll, or even tip over with the receiving device or existing parts. This not only results in physical damage such as scratches and impacts on the workpiece surface, compromising its high-precision surface quality, but also can disrupt subsequent automated material handling, inspection, or packaging processes due to disordered part stacking. Especially for precision parts requiring high surface finish and dimensional accuracy, such damage is often unacceptable, directly leading to product scrap or rework and significantly increasing manufacturing costs.
[0005] Furthermore, due to the non-fixed unloading location, parts in the receiving area are often piled up haphazardly, not only occupying extra space but also potentially causing secondary damage due to mutual compression. In scenarios requiring manual intervention to organize the material bins, this reintroduces reliance on human labor, contradicting the original intention of automated production. More critically, existing systems generally lack a real-time feedback mechanism for the unloading status, making it impossible to determine whether the workpiece has accurately fallen into the predetermined position, further reducing the system's reliability and intelligence level. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a CNC lathe with an automatic loading and unloading device. By integrating a high-precision three-dimensional moving mechanism, a synchronously rotating picking and unloading robot, and a precise unloading structure based on the cooperation of positioning cylinders and positioning holes, it achieves fully automatic continuous processing with no human intervention, high efficiency, and zero damage. This effectively solves the technical problems in existing technologies such as asynchronous loading and unloading, inaccurate workpiece unloading position, easy surface bumps and scratches, and messy finished product placement.
[0007] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a CNC lathe with an automatic loading and unloading device, comprising: a lathe body, wherein the lathe body has a double tail top structure;
[0008] The supporting structure includes a truss beam and a truss column. The truss column is vertically fixed to the ground and located on one side of the lathe body. The truss beam is horizontally fixed above the truss column. An X-axis guide rail is provided on the truss beam.
[0009] A moving component, comprising an X-axis moving component, a Y-axis moving component, and a Z-axis moving component, wherein the Y-axis moving component and the Z-axis moving component are respectively provided with a Y-axis guide rail and a Z-axis guide rail, and a connecting plate is provided between the Y-axis moving component and the Z-axis moving component, wherein a first side of the connecting plate is fixed to the Y-axis guide rail and a second side of the connecting plate is fixed to the Z-axis guide rail, and the Z-axis moving component includes upper and lower columns, wherein the Z-axis guide rail is disposed on one side of the upper and lower columns;
[0010] The material feeding device is fixed to the lower part of the upper and lower columns. The material feeding device includes a material feeding device and a feeding device. The material feeding device is provided with symmetrically placed gripping assemblies, and the feeding device is provided with a feeding arm. The gripping assemblies and the feeding arm can rotate synchronously in opposite directions along the upper and lower columns.
[0011] The finished workpiece hopper is provided with positioning holes, and the cylinder at the lower end of the gripping assembly can pass through the positioning holes to make the gripping assembly reach the set position.
[0012] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: This application integrates a double-tail-top structure lathe body, a truss support structure, a three-dimensional moving component, and a material handling and feeding device with reverse synchronous rotation function. This structural design achieves truly fully automated loading and unloading collaborative operation. The double-tail-top structure significantly improves the rigidity and coaxiality of workpiece clamping, making it suitable for high-precision machining of slender shaft parts and effectively suppressing vibration and deformation during machining. Secondly, the gantry support system composed of the truss beam and columns provides a high-rigidity, low-vibration operating foundation for the robotic arm system, avoiding the sagging error caused by the weight of traditional cantilever structures. The X, Y, and Z three-axis moving components are precisely matched with guide rails and sliders to ensure that the robotic arm can achieve positioning and movement in three-dimensional space, meeting the requirements for precision loading and unloading. Crucially, the material handling and feeding devices are installed on the lower part of the same upper and lower columns and achieve reverse synchronous rotation through a shared rotary drive mechanism. That is, when the material handling arm grabs the finished workpiece and rotates outward, the feeding arm synchronously rotates inward to feed the blank workpiece; the two actions do not interfere with each other and are synchronized. This symmetrical reverse rotation mechanism significantly shortens the material change cycle, avoiding the efficiency bottleneck of traditional single-arm robotic arms requiring two round trips to complete loading and unloading. Simultaneously, since both arms share a single Z-axis lifting platform, space is saved and system complexity is reduced. More importantly, this application features positioning holes in the finished workpiece hopper and a positioning cylinder at the lower end of the feeding device. When the gripping assembly lowers the finished workpiece carrying it to the finished workpiece hopper area, the positioning cylinder at its lower end precisely inserts into the positioning hole on the hopper tray, forming a dual function of mechanical limiting and position confirmation. On one hand, the positioning hole serves as a physical reference point, forcibly constraining the final stopping position of the gripping assembly in the horizontal direction, ensuring that each unloading action is completed at the exact same coordinate point, avoiding lateral offset caused by visual recognition errors, servo drift, or mechanical backlash. On the other hand, the movement of the cylinder through the positioning hole itself constitutes a positioning trigger signal; that is, only when the cylinder is fully embedded in the hole will the control system allow the gripper to release the workpiece, thus eliminating the risk of premature unloading before reaching the designated height or position.
[0013] The aforementioned CNC lathe has truss reinforcing ribs between the truss beam and the truss column.
[0014] In the aforementioned CNC lathe, the X-axis guide rail is provided with an X-axis slider and a first fixed plate. The X-axis slider is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail, and the first fixed plate is fixed above the X-axis slider. The X-axis moving component includes a left-right moving motor, a left-right moving reducer, and a protective cover. The left-right moving motor and the left-right moving reducer are both fixed to the first fixed plate, and the protective cover can cover the outside of the left-right moving motor and the left-right moving reducer.
[0015] The aforementioned CNC lathe, wherein the Y-axis moving assembly includes a Y-axis drag chain, a Y-axis column, a Y-axis servo motor, and a Y-axis reducer, wherein the Y-axis column has a hollow structure inside, a Y-axis guide rail is provided on one side of the Y-axis column, the Y-axis drag chain is fixed to the other side of the Y-axis column, the Y-axis column is fixed to the connecting plate by a Y-axis slider, and the Y-axis servo motor and the Y-axis reducer are fixed above the Y-axis column.
[0016] The aforementioned CNC lathe, wherein the Z-axis movement assembly further includes a Z-axis servo motor, a Z-axis reducer, a Z-axis cable chain, and a Z-axis slider. The Z-axis slider is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail. A second fixing plate is connected to the connecting plate, and a third fixing plate is connected to the Z-axis guide rail. The second fixing plate and the third fixing plate are perpendicularly fixed. The Z-axis reducer and the Z-axis servo motor pass through the connecting plate and are fixed to one side of the upper and lower columns. The Z-axis cable chain is fixed to one side of the Z-axis servo motor.
[0017] The aforementioned CNC lathe has a push-pull automatic operating door on its body. The moving component can move left and right along the X-guide rail to the top of the automatic operating door. The opening and closing mechanism of this automatic operating door is interlocked with the control system of the CNC lathe.
[0018] The aforementioned CNC lathe also includes a movable frame, which is provided with a material handling area. The material handling area is fixed to one side of the lathe body. The material handling area includes a blank workpiece bin and a finished workpiece bin. The blank workpiece bin is located above the finished workpiece bin, and the front end of the finished workpiece bin protrudes beyond the front end of the blank workpiece bin. A safety railing is provided at the front end of the movable frame.
[0019] In the aforementioned CNC lathe, the front end of the blank workpiece hopper is provided with a cylinder adjustment plate, the cylinder adjustment plate is provided with a positioning cylinder and a workpiece positioning detection device, the front end of the finished workpiece hopper is provided with a feeding mechanism, the feeding mechanism is inclined, a positioning hole is provided between the two feeding mechanisms, and the cylinder at the lower end of the gripping assembly can pass through the positioning hole.
[0020] The aforementioned CNC lathe has a feeding rack on the blank workpiece hopper, and the feeding rack has an inclined surface.
[0021] In the aforementioned CNC lathe, the gripper assembly is used to grip finished workpieces, and the feed arm is used to grip raw workpieces. Attached Figure Description
[0022] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the CNC lathe structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 2This is a second schematic diagram of the CNC lathe structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of the CNC lathe structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 4 This is the fourth schematic diagram of the CNC lathe structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Reference numerals: 100 Lathe body, 110 Double tail top structure, 120 Automatic operating door, 200 Support structure, 210 Truss beam, 211 X-axis guide rail, 212 X-axis slider, 213 First fixed plate, 220 Truss column, 230 Reinforcing rib, 300 Moving assembly, 310 X-axis moving assembly, 311 Left / right moving motor, 312 Left / right moving reducer, 313 Protective cover, 320 Y-axis moving assembly, 321 Y-axis guide rail, 322 Y-axis slider, 323 Y-axis drag chain, 324 Y-axis column, 325 Hollow structure, 326 Y-axis servo motor and reducer, 330 Z-axis moving assembly, 331 Z-axis guide rail, 3 32 Upper and lower columns, 333 Z-axis servo motor, 334 Z-axis reducer, 335 Z-axis drag chain, 336 Z-axis slider, 340 connecting plate, 350 second fixing plate, 360 third fixing plate, 400 material handling and feeding device, 410 material handling device, 411 gripper assembly, 420 feeding device, 430 cylinder, 600 moving frame, 610 material handling and unloading area, 611 blank workpiece hopper, 612 finished workpiece hopper, 613 cylinder adjusting plate, 614 positioning cylinder, 615 workpiece arrival detection device, 616 unloading mechanism, 617 positioning hole, 618 unloading rack, 700 safety fence, 800 finished workpiece, 900 blank workpiece. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, with reference to... Figures 1 to 4An embodiment of the present invention provides a CNC lathe with an automatic loading and unloading device, comprising: a lathe body 100, a moving assembly 300, a material handling and feeding device 400, and a finished workpiece hopper 612. The lathe body 100 has a double tail top structure 110; the support structure 200 includes a truss beam 210 and a truss column 220, the truss column 220 being vertically fixed to the ground and located on one side of the lathe body 100, and the truss beam 210 being horizontally fixed above the truss column 220, with an X-axis guide rail 211 provided on the truss beam 210; the moving assembly 300 includes an X-axis moving assembly 310, a Y-axis moving assembly 320, and a Z-axis moving assembly 330, with a Y-axis guide rail 321 and a Z-axis guide rail 331 respectively provided on the Y-axis moving assembly 320 and the Z-axis moving assembly 330, the Y-axis moving assembly 320 and the Z-axis moving assembly 330 being connected to each other. A connecting plate 340 is provided between the components 330. The first side of the connecting plate 340 is fixed to the Y-guide rail 321, and the second side of the connecting plate 340 is fixed to the Z-guide rail 331. The Z-axis moving component 330 includes upper and lower columns 332, and the Z-guide rail 331 is located on one side of the upper and lower columns 332. The material picking and feeding device 400 is fixed to the lower part of the upper and lower columns 332. The material picking and feeding device 400 includes a picking device 410 and a feeding device 420. The picking device 410 is provided with symmetrically placed gripping components 411, and the feeding device 420 is provided with a feeding arm. The gripping components 411 and the feeding arm can rotate synchronously in opposite directions along the upper and lower columns 332. The finished workpiece hopper 612 is provided with a positioning hole 617. The cylinder 430 at the lower end of the gripping component 411 can pass through the positioning hole 617 to make the gripping component 411 reach the set position.
[0028] This application integrates a double-tail-top structure lathe body 100, a truss support structure 200, a three-dimensional moving component 300, and a material handling and feeding device 400 with reverse synchronous rotation function. This structural design realizes truly fully automated loading and unloading collaborative operation. The double-tail-top structure 110 significantly improves the rigidity and coaxiality of workpiece clamping, making it suitable for high-precision machining of slender shaft parts and effectively suppressing vibration and deformation during machining. Secondly, the gantry support system formed by the truss beam 210 and the column 220 provides a high-rigidity, low-vibration operating foundation for the robot system, avoiding the sagging error caused by the weight of traditional cantilever structures. The X, Y, and Z three-axis moving components, through precise cooperation of guide rails and sliders, ensure that the robot can achieve positioning and movement in three-dimensional space, meeting the requirements for precision loading and unloading. Crucially, the picking device 410 and the feeding device 420 are mounted on the same upper and lower columns 332 and achieve synchronous rotation in opposite directions through a shared rotary drive mechanism. That is, when the picking arm grips the finished workpiece 800 and rotates outward, the feeding arm simultaneously rotates inward to feed the blank workpiece 900. Their actions are independent and synchronized. This symmetrical reverse rotation mechanism significantly shortens the material changeover cycle, avoiding the efficiency bottleneck of traditional single-arm robotic arms requiring two round trips for loading and unloading. Simultaneously, since both arms share a single Z-axis lifting platform, space is saved and system complexity is reduced. More importantly, this application provides positioning holes 617 on the finished workpiece hopper 612 and a positioning cylinder 430 at the lower end of the picking and feeding device 400. When the gripping assembly 411 lowers the finished workpiece 800 with the completed workpiece into the finished workpiece hopper 612 area, the positioning cylinder 430 at its lower end precisely inserts into the positioning hole 617 on the hopper tray, forming a dual function of mechanical limiting and position confirmation. On the one hand, the positioning hole 617 serves as a physical reference point, which forcibly constrains the final stopping position of the gripper assembly 411 in the horizontal direction, ensuring that each unloading action is completed at the exact same coordinate point, thus avoiding lateral offset caused by visual recognition errors, servo drift, or mechanical backlash. On the other hand, the action of the cylinder 430 passing through the positioning hole 617 itself constitutes a positioning trigger signal. That is, only when the cylinder 430 is fully embedded in the hole will the control system allow the gripper to release the workpiece, thereby eliminating the risk of premature unloading before reaching the specified height or position.
[0029] Furthermore, referring to Figure 1The present application proposes a truss stiffener 230 between the truss beam 210 and the truss column 220. The truss stiffener 230 typically adopts a triangular or diagonal bracing layout, and is connected to the junction of the beam 210 and the column 220 by welding or bolting, forming a stable, geometrically invariant system. During high-speed movement of the robotic arm or sudden load changes, the truss structure is susceptible to bending moments and shear forces, resulting in slight deformation and affecting the positioning accuracy of the end effector. The introduction of the stiffener 230 significantly improves the torsional stiffness and bending strength of the truss joints, effectively suppressing the deflection deformation in the middle of the beam 210 and the swaying at the top of the column 220. Furthermore, referring to… Figure 1 and Figure 4 The X-axis guide rail 211 is provided with an X-axis slider 212 and a first fixed plate 213. The X-axis slider 212 is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail 211, and the first fixed plate 213 is fixed above the X-axis slider 212. The X-axis moving assembly 310 includes a left-right moving motor 311, a left-right moving reducer 312, and a protective cover 313. The left-right moving motor 311 and the left-right moving reducer 312 are both fixed to the first fixed plate 213, and the protective cover 313 can cover the outside of the left-right moving motor 311 and the left-right moving reducer 312. The precise fit between the X-axis slider 212 and the guide rail 211 ensures linear motion with low friction and high repeatability positioning accuracy. The first fixed plate 213 serves as the mounting base for the motor and reducer. This application does not limit its specific material. Preferably, the first fixed plate 213 is made of high-strength cast aluminum or steel, which has good vibration damping performance and can effectively isolate the vibration generated by the motor operation from being transmitted to the truss beam 210. The left-right movement reducer 312 adopts a planetary or harmonic reduction structure, providing high torque output and low backlash characteristics, ensuring that the robot can still stop accurately during long-stroke movements. More importantly, the external protective cover 313 completely encloses the motor, reducer and transmission components, effectively preventing contaminants such as chips, coolant, and dust from entering the workshop environment, and avoiding guide rail corrosion, gear wear or electrical short circuits.
[0030] Furthermore, referring to Figure 1The Y-axis moving component 320 proposed in this application includes a Y-axis drag chain 323, a Y-axis column 324, a Y-axis servo motor and a reducer 326. The Y-axis column 324 has a hollow structure 325 inside. A Y-axis guide rail 321 is provided on one side of the Y-axis column 324. The Y-axis drag chain 323 is fixed to the other side of the Y-axis column 324. The Y-axis column 324 is fixed to the connecting plate 340 via a Y-axis slider 322. The Y-axis servo motor and reducer 326 are fixed above the Y-axis column 324. The hollow structure 325 significantly reduces the weight of the moving component while ensuring the overall rigidity of the column 324, thereby reducing the load inertia of the Y-axis servo motor, resulting in faster acceleration or deceleration response and more accurate positioning. The Y-axis drag chain 323, fixed to the other side of the column 324, is used to orderly store cables and air pipes, preventing them from tangling, being pulled, or wearing during Y-axis movement, ensuring the continuity of power and signal transmission. The rigid connection between the Y-axis slider 322 and the connecting plate 340 ensures the synchronous coordination of the Y-axis movement and the Z-axis assembly, avoiding cumulative errors caused by loose connections. The Y-axis servo motor and reducer 326 are positioned at the top of the column 324, with a reasonable center of gravity distribution, reducing the overturning moment caused by off-center loading and improving operational stability. This design is particularly suitable for loading and unloading scenarios requiring frequent station changes or large-scale lateral movement. For example, on multi-spindle lathes, where the robot arm needs to quickly move between multiple machining stations, the lightweight and high dynamic performance of the Y-axis component 320 can shorten the time for a single changeover. Simultaneously, the modular design facilitates later maintenance; internal components can be inspected simply by removing the side cover of the column 324, significantly reducing downtime. Furthermore, refer to... Figure 2The Z-axis moving component 330 proposed in this application also includes a Z-axis servo motor 333, a Z-axis reducer 334, a Z-axis cable chain 335, and a Z-axis slider 336. The Z-axis slider 336 is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail 331. A second fixing plate 350 is connected to the connecting plate 340, and a third fixing plate 360 is connected to the Z-axis guide rail 331. The second fixing plate 350 and the third fixing plate 360 are vertically fixed. The Z-axis reducer 334 and the Z-axis servo motor 333 pass through the connecting plate 340 and are fixed to one side of the upper and lower columns 332. The Z-axis cable chain 335 is fixed to one side of the Z-axis servo motor 333. The high pre-tight fit between the Z-axis slider 336 and the guide rail 331 ensures that there is no crawling or shaking during the lifting process. The vertical fixation of the second fixing plate 350 and the third fixing plate 360 forms an "L-shaped" rigid connection structure, which effectively transmits the Z-axis driving force and resists the lateral torque, preventing the upper and lower columns 332 from swaying under load. The Z-axis servo motor 333 and reducer 334 are directly mounted on the sides of the upper and lower columns 332 through the connecting plate 340, shortening the transmission chain, reducing elastic deformation in intermediate links, and improving response speed and positioning accuracy. The Z-axis cable chain 335 is arranged adjacent to the motor 333 and rises and falls synchronously with the column 332, protecting the internal cables from repeated bending damage. In actual operation, this structure can achieve repeatable positioning accuracy at any position within the Z-axis stroke, meeting the requirements for gentle gripping and placing of precision workpieces. Furthermore, the reference proposed in this application... Figure 1 The lathe body 100 proposed in this application is equipped with a push-pull automatic operating door 120. The moving component 300 can move left and right along the X-guide rail 211 to above the automatic operating door 120. The opening and closing mechanism of the automatic operating door 120 is interlocked with the control system in the CNC lathe. In normal fully automatic mode, the automatic operating door 120 is closed, and the robot arm operates independently within the safety enclosure 700. When it is necessary to change tools, clean chips, or handle abnormalities, the operator can use the program control to push open the automatic operating door 120 to intervene. At this time, the control system automatically pauses the operation of the robot arm to ensure safety. The moving component 300 can move precisely to directly above the automatic operating door 120, which is convenient for manual observation of the robot arm status or temporary placement of workpieces.
[0031] Furthermore, the CNC lathe proposed in this application also includes a movable frame 600, on which a material handling area 610 is provided. The material handling area 610 is fixed to one side of the lathe body 100. The material handling area 610 includes a blank workpiece bin 611 and a finished workpiece bin 612. The blank workpiece bin 611 is located above the finished workpiece bin 612, and the front end of the finished workpiece bin 612 protrudes beyond the front end of the blank workpiece bin 611. A safety railing 700 is provided at the front end of the movable frame 600. The blank workpiece bin 611 is located above, utilizing gravity-assisted feeding to reduce the complexity of the pushing mechanism. The protruding front end of the finished workpiece bin 612 facilitates unobstructed grabbing or placement of workpieces by the robotic arm from below, avoiding interference with the edge of the bin. The movable frame 600 can be finely adjusted along the ground track to adapt to different workshop layouts. The safety railing 700 not only prevents personnel from accidentally entering the dangerous area but also serves to insulate against sound and prevent splashes. Furthermore, the front end of the blank workpiece hopper 611 is equipped with a cylinder adjusting plate 613, on which a positioning cylinder 614 and a workpiece arrival detection device 615 are mounted. The front end of the finished workpiece hopper 612 is equipped with a feeding mechanism 616, which is inclined. A positioning hole 617 is provided between the two feeding mechanisms 616. The cylinder 430 at the lower end of the gripping assembly 411 can pass through the positioning hole 617 so that the cylinder 430 is engaged with the port of the positioning hole 617, thereby driving the end of the gripping assembly 411 to move to the port of the finished workpiece hopper 612. This application integrates the positioning cylinder 614 and the workpiece arrival detection device 615, and sets an inclined feeding mechanism 616 with a positioning hole 617 in the finished workpiece hopper 612. This design accurately solves the problems of "inaccurate feeding positioning and workpiece collision" mentioned in the background art. During the descent of the robotic arm, the positioning cylinder 614 aligns with and inserts into the positioning hole 617 of the unloading mechanism 616, forming a mechanical stop to ensure a constant workpiece release height and completely prevent high-altitude throwing. The workpiece arrival detection device 615 provides real-time feedback on the jamming status, allowing the workpiece to be released only after confirmation of arrival, forming a closed-loop control. The inclined unloading mechanism 616 guides the workpiece to slide naturally to the predetermined position, achieving orderly stacking. Furthermore, the blank workpiece hopper 611 proposed in this application is equipped with a unloading rack 618, which has an inclined surface. Of course, this application does not limit the specific angle of the inclined surface. Preferably, the angle of the inclined surface is 15°–30°. The angle of the inclined surface is optimized to ensure smooth sliding of the workpiece while avoiding stacking or jamming due to excessively fast descent. Furthermore, the gripping assembly 411 is used to grip the finished workpiece 800, and the feeding arm is used to grip the blank workpiece 900. The gripper assembly 411 is used to grip the finished workpiece 800, and the feed arm is used to grip the blank workpiece 900, realizing functional division and specialized design. The gripper assembly 411 usually uses soft grippers or vacuum suction cups to avoid damaging the machined surface; the feed arm can use more rigid metal grippers to withstand the rough surface of the blank 900 and the larger clamping force.This division of labor not only improves the reliability of gripping, but also extends the life of the fixture.
[0032] The workflow of the CNC lathe in this application is as follows: After the CNC lathe spindle completes the machining program for the current workpiece, the control system receives the machining completion signal and immediately starts the automatic loading and unloading process. First, the X-axis moving component 310, installed on the truss beam 210, drives the entire YZ moving platform to move along the X-axis to the automatic operating door 120 directly below the lathe spindle. At the same time, the Z-axis moving component 330 controls the upper and lower columns 332 to descend, so that the gripping component 411 in the material handling device 400 is precisely aligned with the finished workpiece 800 that has been machined in the spindle chuck. The gripping component 411 closes under pneumatic or electric drive, firmly clamping the workpiece. Then, the Z-axis rises, smoothly removing the finished workpiece 800 from the spindle. Simultaneously, the feeding arm located at the lower part of the same upper and lower columns 332 moves synchronously. Since the two achieve opposite synchronous rotation through a shared rotating mechanism, when the gripping assembly 411 rotates outward, the feeding arm rotates inward to place the blank workpiece 900 on the feeding arm onto the main shaft. At this point, the new workpiece has been clamped. After positioning and installation, the feeding arm separates from the blank workpiece 900. The material handling and feeding device 400 rises to outside the automatic operating door 120 under the action of the Z-axis and Y-axis moving assemblies. Under the action of the X-axis moving assembly 310, it drives the robot arm to move above the moving frame 600. At this time, it descends under the action of the Z-axis moving assembly 330. The material handling and feeding device 400 descends synchronously. As it continues to descend, the positioning cylinder 430 precisely inserts into the positioning hole 617, forming a mechanical limit. This action not only ensures the absolute accuracy of the horizontal position of the gripping assembly 411, but also triggers the magnetic switch or pressure sensor in the air circuit to send a "position confirmation" signal to the control system. Only after receiving this signal will the control system allow the gripping assembly 411 to release, smoothly placing the finished workpiece 800 onto the finished workpiece hopper 612. At the same time, the feeding arm rotates synchronously, gripping a new blank workpiece 900 from the blank workpiece hopper 611, and proceeding to the next round of feeding to the spindle.
[0033] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, any descriptions of orientation, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.
[0034] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc. are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," "within," etc. are understood to include the stated number. If "first" or "second" is mentioned, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.
[0035] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.
[0036] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Claims
1. A CNC lathe with an automatic loading and unloading device, characterized in that, include: The lathe body (100) has a double tail top structure (110); A support structure (200) includes a truss beam (210) and a truss column (220). The truss column (220) is vertically fixed to the ground and located on one side of the lathe body (100). The truss beam (210) is horizontally fixed above the truss column (220). An X-axis guide rail (211) is provided on the truss beam (210). A moving component (300) includes an X-axis moving component (310), a Y-axis moving component (320), and a Z-axis moving component (330). The Y-axis moving component (320) and the Z-axis moving component (330) are respectively provided with a Y-axis guide rail (321) and a Z-axis guide rail (331). A connecting plate (340) is provided between the Y-axis moving component (320) and the Z-axis moving component (330). The first side of the connecting plate (340) is fixed to the Y-axis guide rail (321), and the second side of the connecting plate (340) is fixed to the Z-axis guide rail (331). The Z-axis moving component (330) includes upper and lower columns (332), and the Z-axis guide rail (331) is disposed on one side of the upper and lower columns (332). A material feeding device (400) is fixed to the lower part of the upper and lower columns (332). The material feeding device (400) includes a material feeding device (410) and a feeding device (420). The material feeding device (410) is provided with symmetrically placed gripping assemblies (411), and the feeding device (420) is provided with a feeding arm. The gripping assemblies (411) and the feeding arm can rotate synchronously in opposite directions along the upper and lower columns (332). The finished workpiece hopper (612) is provided with a positioning hole (617). The cylinder (430) at the lower end of the gripping assembly (411) can pass through the positioning hole (617) to make the gripping assembly (411) reach the set position.
2. The CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, Truss reinforcing ribs (230) are provided between the truss beam (210) and the truss column (220).
3. The CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-axis guide rail (211) is provided with an X-axis slider (212) and a first fixing plate (213). The X-axis slider (212) is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail (211). The first fixing plate (213) is fixed above the X-axis slider (212). The X-axis moving component (310) includes a left and right moving motor (311), a left and right moving reducer (312), and a protective cover (313). The left and right moving motor (311) and the left and right moving reducer (312) are both fixed to the first fixing plate (213). The protective cover (313) can cover the outside of the left and right moving motor (311) and the left and right moving reducer (312).
4. The CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Y-axis moving component (320) includes a Y-axis drag chain (323), a Y-axis column (324), a Y-axis servo motor and reducer (326), and a Y-axis reducer. The Y-axis column (324) has a hollow structure (325) inside. The Y-axis guide rail (321) is provided on one side of the Y-axis column (324). The Y-axis drag chain (323) is fixed to the other side of the Y-axis column (324). The Y-axis column (324) is fixed to the connecting plate (340) by a Y-axis slider (322). The Y-axis servo motor and reducer (326) are fixed above the Y-axis column (324).
5. The CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Z-axis moving component (330) further includes a Z-axis servo motor (333), a Z-axis reducer (334), a Z-axis cable chain (335), and a Z-axis slider (336). The Z-axis slider (336) is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail (331). A second fixing plate (350) is connected to the connecting plate (340), and a third fixing plate (360) is connected to the Z-axis guide rail (331). The second fixing plate (350) and the third fixing plate (360) are vertically fixed. The Z-axis reducer (334) and the Z-axis servo motor (333) pass through the connecting plate (340) and are fixed to one side of the upper and lower columns (332). The Z-axis cable chain (335) is fixed to one side of the Z-axis servo motor (333).
6. The CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lathe body (100) is provided with a push-pull automatic operating door (120). The moving component (300) can move left and right along the X guide rail (211) to the top of the automatic operating door (120). The opening and closing mechanism of the automatic operating door (120) is interlocked with the control system in the CNC lathe.
7. The CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a movable frame (600), which is provided with a material handling area (610). The material handling area (610) is fixed to one side of the lathe body (100). The material handling area (610) includes a blank workpiece hopper (611) and a finished workpiece hopper (612). The blank workpiece hopper (611) is located above the finished workpiece hopper (612), and the front end of the finished workpiece hopper (612) protrudes beyond the front end of the blank workpiece hopper (611). The front end of the movable frame (600) is provided with a safety railing (700).
8. The CNC lathe according to claim 7, characterized in that, The front end of the blank workpiece hopper (611) is provided with a cylinder adjusting plate (613), and the cylinder adjusting plate (613) is provided with a positioning cylinder (614) and a workpiece positioning detection device (615). The front end of the finished workpiece hopper (612) is provided with a feeding mechanism (616), which is inclined. A positioning hole (617) is provided between the two feeding mechanisms (616). The cylinder (430) at the lower end of the gripping assembly (411) can pass through the positioning hole (617) so that the cylinder (430) is engaged with the port of the positioning hole (617) to drive the end of the gripping assembly (411) to move to the port of the finished workpiece hopper (612).
9. The CNC lathe according to claim 8, characterized in that, The blank workpiece hopper (611) is provided with a feeding rack (618), which has an inclined surface.
10. The CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gripper assembly (411) is used to grip the finished workpiece (800), and the feed arm is used to grip the blank workpiece (900).