An automatic battery power switching system for electric shovel loader

Abstract

This application discloses an automatic battery power switching system for electric shovel loader, belonging to the technical field of energy storage power supply. The system includes a battery pack and a switching structure. The switching structure includes a locking cylinder and a detection circuit. A reciprocating column is located inside the locking cylinder, and switching cylinders are evenly distributed on the lower surface of the locking cylinder. A rotating cylinder is located below the switching cylinder, and a charging block and a discharging block are located inside the rotating cylinder. Through the reciprocating movement of the reciprocating column within the locking cylinder, the charging block and the discharging block can alternately connect to the positive terminal of the battery in the battery pack. The detection circuit can detect the discharge time of the battery. While meeting the power supply needs of the electric shovel loader, the system allows the batteries in the battery pack to automatically switch between charging and discharging, improving the operating time of the electric shovel loader and the battery charging efficiency, thus increasing the utilization rate of the battery.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application is a battery power automatic switching system of an electric shovel, belonging to the technical field of energy storage power supply. BACKGROUND

[0002] The shovel is a kind of shovel transport machinery that uses a shovel to cut and load the soil into the shovel for transportation, which can complete the comprehensive operation of cutting, loading, transporting, unloading, and layered filling and local rolling of the soil. The traditional shovel uses diesel as a power source, but diesel pollution is large, which affects the health of workers. At present, most shovels use energy storage battery packs as a power source, which not only solves the pollution problem, but also saves energy.

[0003] In reality, the battery pack often stops the operation of the electric shovel when charging, and uses the charging station to charge the battery pack. In order to change this disadvantage, people often install photovoltaic module power generation devices to charge the battery while operating the electric shovel. However, the battery is charging and discharging at the same time, which affects the charging efficiency of the battery, and also causes the battery to heat up, which may even cause a battery fire accident. Moreover, most existing batteries do not have online capacity detection function, which affects the working time of the electric shovel. Therefore, some technicians in this field have developed an electric shovel battery power automatic switching system to overcome the above problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide an electric shovel battery power automatic switching system to overcome the above problems. The electric shovel battery in the present application can automatically charge the idle battery while meeting the power supply of the electric shovel operation, and can also automatically detect the capacity of the battery, so that the electric shovel battery automatically switches between power supply and charging, improves the operation time of the electric shovel, and improves the charging efficiency and utilization rate of the battery.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] A battery power automatic switching system of an electric shovel, comprising an electric shovel, a photovoltaic module vertically arranged above the electric shovel, a battery pack arranged in the middle of the electric shovel, a switching structure arranged above the battery pack, a negative bus bar and a positive bus bar arranged in the electric shovel, the negative bus bar and the positive bus bar being connected with the photovoltaic module through a cable, the negative bus bar being fixedly connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack, and the positive bus bar being located obliquely above the positive electrode of the battery pack.

[0007] Further, the switching structure comprises a locking cylinder, the inside of the locking cylinder is hollow, a crack groove is formed on the upper surface of the locking cylinder, the crack groove is connected with the hollow inside of the locking cylinder, a reciprocating column is arranged in the hollow inside of the locking cylinder, a sliding block is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the reciprocating column, the sliding block is located in the crack groove on the upper surface of the locking cylinder, a threaded column is arranged above the locking cylinder, the threaded column penetrates through the sliding block, the threaded column is in threaded engagement with the sliding block, and a stepping motor is further fixedly connected to one end of the threaded column.

[0008] Further, the lower surface of the locking cylinder is uniformly provided with switching cylinders, the inside of each switching cylinder is hollow, the upper end of each switching cylinder is connected with the hollow inside of the locking cylinder, a lifting column and a lifting spring are arranged in the hollow inside of each switching cylinder, the upper end of the lifting column is in arc shape, the lifting spring is located on the surface of the lifting column, an arc-shaped recess is formed on the surface of each switching cylinder, a rotating column is arranged in the arc-shaped recess of each switching cylinder, and one end of the rotating column is fixedly connected to the surface of the lifting column.

[0009] Further, the lower surface of the lifting column is further fixedly connected with a communication sheet, the lower end of the lifting column is fixedly connected with a wedge-shaped column, and a wheel rotating cylinder is further arranged below the lifting column.

[0010] Further, recesses are oppositely arranged on the inner wall of the wheel rotating cylinder, an ejection spring is arranged in the recess of the wheel rotating cylinder, a charging block is arranged in the recess on one side of the inner wall of the wheel rotating cylinder, an electric cable is connected between the charging block and the communication sheet, a discharging block is arranged in the recess on the other side of the inner wall of the wheel rotating cylinder, the discharging block is connected with a power supply end VGD of an electric shovel through the electric cable, and a detection circuit is arranged on the electric cable between the discharging block and the power supply end VGD of the electric shovel.

[0011] Further, the detection circuit comprises a chip U1, the chip U1 is an integrated operational amplifier, the model of the chip U1 is CA3130, the 2-pin of the chip U1 is connected with the power supply end VGD of the electric shovel, the 3-pin of the chip U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R4 and one end of a resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with a power supply +48V, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with a ground wire, the 4-pin of the chip U1 is connected with the ground wire, the 8-pin of the chip U1 is connected with a power supply +5V, the 1-pin of the chip U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the 3-pin of a chip U2 and one end of a capacitor C1.

[0012] Further, the chip U2 is an integrated operational amplifier, the 4-pin of the chip U2 is connected with the ground wire, the 8-pin of the chip U2 is connected with the power supply +5V, the model of the chip U2 is CA3130, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the 1-pin of the chip U2 and one end of a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the 1-pin of a chip U3, the chip U3 is an optical coupler, the model of the chip U3 is TLP521, the 2-pin of the chip U3 is connected with the ground wire, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with the 3-pin of the chip U3, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with a power supply +24V, and the 4-pin of the chip U3 is connected with a stepping motor starting signal VDJ.

[0013] Furthermore, the detection circuit also includes chip U4, which is an integrated operational amplifier, model LM324. Pin 5 of chip U4 is connected to one end of resistor R6 and one end of resistor R7. The other end of resistor R6 is connected to a +48V power supply, and the other end of resistor R7 is connected to ground. Pin 6 of chip U4 is connected to the positive terminal of battery XDC and the positive terminal of diode D1. The negative terminal of diode D1 is connected to the power supply terminal VGD of the electric shovel loader. The negative terminal of battery XDC and pin 11 of chip U4 are connected to ground. Pin 4 of chip U4 is connected to a +5V power supply.

[0014] Furthermore, pin 7 of chip U4 is connected to one end of resistor R8, and the other end of resistor R8 is connected to pin 2 of chip U5 and one end of capacitor C2. Chip U5 is an integrated operational amplifier, model TLC27M2. The other end of capacitor C2 is connected to pin 1 of chip U5 and alarm signal BJ. Pin 3 of chip U5 is connected to one end of resistor R9, and the other end of resistor R9 is connected to ground. Pin 4 of chip U5 is connected to ground, and pin 8 of chip U5 is connected to the +5V power supply.

[0015] The present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0016] 1. This invention includes a battery pack and a switching structure. The switching structure includes a locking cylinder with a reciprocating column inside. Below the locking cylinder, there are evenly distributed switching cylinders. Below the switching cylinders, there is a rotating cylinder with a recess on its inner wall. A charging block and a discharging block are located in the recess of the rotating cylinder. By reciprocating the column within the locking cylinder, the charging block and the discharging block can be connected to the positive terminal of the battery in the battery pack in turn. In this way, while supplying power to the electric shovel loader, the batteries in the battery pack can automatically switch between charging and discharging, improving the working time of the electric shovel loader and the charging efficiency of the battery.

[0017] 2. The present invention also includes a detection circuit, which includes chip U4 and chip U5. When the battery supplies power to the VGD power supply terminal of the electric shovel loader, the integrating circuit composed of chip U5 can detect the discharge time of the battery. If the battery fails to reach the set discharge time, an alarm will be transmitted and a replacement signal will be sent, thereby improving the utilization rate of the battery. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to actual scale and orientation.

[0019] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view diagram of the connection structure of the switching structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side view of the connection of the switching structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 The connection principle of the detection circuit of this invention Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 5 The connection principle of the detection circuit of this invention Figure 2 .

[0024] Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the middle: 1-Electric shovel loader, 2-Photovoltaic module, 3-Battery pack, 4-Negative busbar, 5-Positive busbar, 6-Locking cylinder, 7-Reciprocating column, 8-Switching cylinder, 9-Lifting column, 10-Lifting spring, 11-Rotating column, 12-Wedge column, 13-Charging block, 14-Discharging block, 15-Ejection spring, 16-Threaded column, 17-Slider, 18-Stepper motor, 19-Wheel drive cylinder, 20-Switching structure, 21-Connecting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, an automatic battery power switching system for an electric shovel loader includes an electric shovel loader 1, a photovoltaic module 2 erected above the electric shovel loader 1, a battery pack 3 located in the middle of the electric shovel loader 1, the battery pack 3 being composed of several identical batteries, a switching structure 20 located above the battery pack 3, a negative busbar 4 and a positive busbar 5 located inside the electric shovel loader 1, the negative busbar 4 and the positive busbar 5 being connected to the photovoltaic module 2 via cables, the negative busbar 4 being fixedly connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack 3, and the positive busbar 5 being located diagonally above the positive terminal of the battery pack 3.

[0026] The switching structure 20 includes a locking cylinder 6, which is hollow inside. A groove is opened on the upper surface of the locking cylinder 6, and the groove on the upper surface of the locking cylinder 6 is connected to the hollow interior of the locking cylinder 6. A reciprocating column 7 is provided inside the hollow interior of the locking cylinder 6. A slider 17 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the reciprocating column 7. The slider 17 is located in the groove on the upper surface of the locking cylinder 6. A threaded column 16 is provided above the locking cylinder 6, and the threaded column 16 passes through the slider 17. The threaded column 16 and the slider 17 are engaged by threads. A stepper motor 18 is also fixedly connected to one end of the threaded column 16, and the stepper motor 18 is used to rotate the threaded column 16.

[0027] The lower surface of the locking cylinder 6 is also evenly distributed with switching cylinders 8. Since the switching cylinders 8 have the same structure and function, only one example is given below. The switching cylinder 8 is hollow inside. The upper end of the switching cylinder 8 is connected to the hollow locking cylinder 6. The hollow switching cylinder 8 is provided with a lifting column 9 and a lifting spring 10. The upper end of the lifting column 9 is arc-shaped. The lifting spring 10 is located on the surface of the lifting column 9. The surface of the switching cylinder 8 is also provided with an arc-shaped groove. A rotating column 11 is provided in the arc-shaped groove of the switching cylinder 8. One end of the rotating column 11 is fixed to the surface of the lifting column 9.

[0028] A connecting piece 21 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lifting column 9, and a wedge-shaped column 12 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lifting column 9. A wheel cylinder 19 is also provided below the lifting column 9. The wheel cylinder 19 is hollow inside and is located outside the positive terminal of the battery pack 3. The inner wall of the wheel cylinder 19 does not contact the positive terminal of the battery pack 3. There are recesses on the inner wall of the wheel cylinder 19. A push-out spring 15 is provided in the recess of the wheel cylinder 19. A charging block 13 is provided in the recess on one side of the inner wall of the wheel cylinder 19. A cable is connected between the charging block 13 and the connecting piece 21. A discharge block 14 is provided in the recess on the other side of the inner wall of the wheel cylinder 19. The discharge block 14 is connected to the power supply terminal VGD of the electric shovel loader 1 through a cable. A detection circuit is provided on the cable between the discharge block 14 and the power supply terminal VGD of the electric shovel loader 1.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, the detection circuit has multiple sets. Since they have the same structure and function, only one set is used as an example below. The detection circuit includes chip U1, which is an integrated operational amplifier. The model of chip U1 is CA3130. Pin 2 of chip U1 is connected to the power supply terminal VGD of the electric shovel loader. Pin 3 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and one end of resistor R5. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to the +48V power supply, and the other end of resistor R5 is connected to ground. Pin 4 of chip U1 is connected to ground. Pin 8 of chip U1 is connected to the +5V power supply. Pin 1 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R1, and the other end of resistor R1 is connected to the chip... Pin 3 of U2 is connected to one end of capacitor C1. Chip U2 is an integrated operational amplifier. Pin 4 of chip U2 is connected to ground. Pin 8 of chip U2 is connected to a +5V power supply. Chip U2 is model CA3130. The other end of capacitor C1 is connected to pin 1 of chip U2 and one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to pin 1 of chip U3. Chip U3 is an optocoupler. Chip U3 is model TLP521. Pin 2 of chip U3 is connected to ground. Pin 3 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R3. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to a +24V power supply. Pin 4 of chip U3 is connected to the stepper motor start signal VDJ.

[0030] Pin 2 of chip U1 acquires the VGD voltage signal from the power supply terminal of the electric shovel loader, and pin 3 of chip U1 acquires the voltage at the upper end of resistor R5. When the voltage at pin 2 of chip U1 is less than the voltage at pin 3 of chip U1, it indicates that the actual VGD voltage at the power supply terminal of the electric shovel loader is less than the set operating value. Pin 1 of chip U1 outputs a high level, the integrating circuit composed of chip U2 is turned on, the optocoupler of chip U3 is turned on, the stepper motor start signal VDJ is connected to the +24V power supply, and the stepper motor starts to rotate.

[0031] The stepper motor rotates, driving the slider and reciprocating column to move from one end of the locking cylinder to the other. Normally, under the action of the lifting spring, the upper end of the lifting column is raised into the hollow of the locking cylinder, and the upper surface of the connecting piece contacts the lower surface of the positive busbar. The wedge-shaped column plane at the lower end of the lifting column is in close contact with the inner wall of the discharge block side wheel cylinder, pressing the discharge block into the recess of the wheel cylinder, and the discharge block is separated from the positive terminal of the battery. Conversely, the charging block is pushed out of the recess of the wheel cylinder by the spring, and the charging block contacts the positive terminal of the battery. The electricity generated by the photovoltaic module replenishes the battery in the battery pack through the charging block. When the front end of the reciprocating column encounters the protruding... When the lifting column reaches the upper end of the locking cylinder, it causes the lifting column to move downward along the switching cylinder, and the rotating column rotates downward along the arc-shaped groove of the switching cylinder. As the lifting column moves downward, it rotates 180 degrees, and the upper surface of the connecting piece separates from the lower surface of the positive busbar. The wedge-shaped column plane at the lower end of the lifting column rotates 180 degrees and presses against the inner wall of the wheel cylinder on the side of the charging block, pressing the charging block into the recess of the wheel cylinder. The charging block separates from the positive terminal of the battery. Conversely, the discharge block is ejected from the recess of the wheel cylinder by the spring and comes into contact with the positive terminal of the battery. The battery below the lifting column supplies power to the electric shovel loader.

[0032] If at this moment, the voltage at pin 2 of chip U1 is still less than the voltage at pin 3 of chip U1, then chips U1, U2, and U3 continue to conduct, the stepper motor continues to rotate, and the stepper motor drives the slider and reciprocating column to continue moving into the locking cylinder, continuing to drive the battery under the other lifting column to supply power to the electric shovel loader. Conversely, when the voltage at pin 2 of chip U1 is greater than the voltage at pin 3 of chip U1, it indicates that the VGD voltage at the power supply terminal of the electric shovel loader is greater than the set working value, and the number of batteries in the battery pack meets the actual operation of the electric shovel loader. In this way, while meeting the power supply needs of the electric shovel loader, the batteries in the battery pack can automatically switch between charging and discharging.

[0033] like Figure 5As shown, the detection circuit also includes chip U4, which is an integrated operational amplifier, model LM324. Pin 5 of chip U4 is connected to one end of resistor R6 and one end of resistor R7. The other end of resistor R6 is connected to a +48V power supply, and the other end of resistor R7 is connected to ground. Pin 6 of chip U4 is connected to the positive terminal of battery XDC and the positive terminal of diode D1. The negative terminal of diode D1 is connected to the power supply terminal VGD of the electric shovel loader. The negative terminal of battery XDC and pin 11 of chip U4 are connected to ground. Pin 4 of chip U4 is connected to a +5V power supply. Pin 7 of chip U4 is connected to one end of resistor R8. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to pin 2 of chip U5 and one end of capacitor C2. Chip U5 is an integrated operational amplifier, model TLC27M2. The other end of capacitor C2 is connected to pin 1 of chip U5 and alarm signal BJ. Pin 3 of chip U5 is connected to one end of resistor R9. The other end of resistor R9 is connected to ground. Pin 4 of chip U5 is connected to ground. Pin 8 of chip U5 is connected to a +5V power supply.

[0034] Diode D1's unidirectional conductivity isolates the influence of the VGD voltage at the electric shovel loader's power supply terminal on the XDC battery's voltage value. When the XDC battery supplies power to the VGD terminal of the electric shovel loader through diode D1, the positive voltage of the XDC battery gradually decreases. The voltage at pin 5 of chip U4 exceeds the voltage at pin 6 of chip U4, activating the integrating circuit composed of chip U5. Pin 1 of chip U5 outputs a high level to trigger an alarm, indicating that the XDC battery's discharge time can reach the set discharge time, and the XDC battery's capacity is good. Conversely, if the XDC battery's discharge time cannot reach the set discharge time, it proves that the XDC battery's capacity is poor and needs to be replaced promptly.

[0035] The description of this invention is provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A battery powered automatic switching system for a shovel machine, characterized by: The utility model provides an electric shovel carrier (1), and the photovoltaic module (2) is vertically arranged above the electric shovel carrier (1), the battery group (3) is arranged in the middle of the electric shovel carrier (1), the switching structure (20) is arranged above the battery group (3), the negative busbar (4) and the positive busbar (5) are further arranged in the electric shovel carrier (1), the negative busbar (4) and the positive busbar (5) are connected with the photovoltaic module (2) through cable, the negative busbar (4) is fixedly connected with the negative electrode of the battery group (3), and the positive busbar (5) is located in the positive electrode oblique upper side of the battery group (3); The switching structure (20) includes a locking cylinder (6), the locking cylinder (6) is hollow inside, a slot is formed on the upper surface of the locking cylinder (6), the slot on the upper surface of the locking cylinder (6) is communicated with the hollow inside of the locking cylinder (6), a reciprocating column (7) is arranged in the hollow inside of the locking cylinder (6), a sliding block (17) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the reciprocating column (7), the sliding block (17) is arranged in the slot on the upper surface of the locking cylinder (6), a threaded column (16) is arranged above the locking cylinder (6), the threaded column (16) penetrates through the sliding block (17), the threaded column (16) is engaged with the sliding block (17) through threads, and a stepping motor (18) is further fixedly connected to one end of the threaded column (16); The lower surface of the locking cylinder (6) is further uniformly provided with switching cylinders (8), the switching cylinders (8) are hollow inside, the upper end of the switching cylinders (8) is communicated with the hollow inside of the locking cylinder (6), a lifting column (9) and a lifting spring (10) are arranged in the hollow inside of the switching cylinders (8), the upper end of the lifting column (9) is arc-shaped, the lifting spring (10) is arranged on the surface of the lifting column (9), an arc-shaped recess is further formed on the surface of the switching cylinders (8), a rotating column (11) is arranged in the arc-shaped recess of the switching cylinders (8), and one end of the rotating column (11) is fixedly connected to the surface of the lifting column (9); The lower surface of the lifting column (9) is further fixedly connected with a communication sheet (21), the lower end of the lifting column (9) is fixedly connected with a wedge-shaped column (12), and a wheel rotating cylinder (19) is further arranged below the lifting column (9); The inner wall of the wheel rotating cylinder (19) is oppositely provided with recesses, an ejection spring (15) is arranged in the recess of the wheel rotating cylinder (19), a charging block (13) is arranged in the recess on one side of the inner wall of the wheel rotating cylinder (19), an electric cable is connected between the charging block (13) and the communication sheet (21), a discharging block (14) is arranged in the recess on the other side of the inner wall of the wheel rotating cylinder (19), the discharging block (14) is connected with the power supply end VGD of the electric shovel carrier (1) through the electric cable, and a detection circuit is arranged on the electric cable between the discharging block (14) and the power supply end VGD of the electric shovel carrier (1).

2. A battery powered automatic switching system for a shovel power plant as set forth in claim 1, wherein: The detection circuit includes a chip U1, the chip U1 is an integrated operational amplifier, the model of the chip U1 is CA3130, the 2th pin of the chip U1 is connected with the power supply end VGD of the electric shovel carrier, the 3th pin of the chip U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R4 and one end of a resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with a power supply +48V, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with a ground wire, the 4th pin of the chip U1 is connected with the ground wire, the 8th pin of the chip U1 is connected with a power supply +5V, the 1st pin of the chip U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the 3th pin of a chip U2 and one end of a capacitor C1; Chip U2 is an integrated operational amplifier, chip U2 of 4 feet have ground wire, chip U2 of 8 feet have power supply +5V, chip U2 model is CA3130, the other end of capacitor C1 is connected with chip U2 of 1 feet and resistance R2 one end, resistance R2 other end is connected with chip U3 of 1 feet, chip U3 is optocoupler, chip U3 model is TLP521, chip U3 of 2 feet have ground wire, chip U3 of 3 feet have resistance R3 one end, resistance R3 other end is connected with power supply +24V, chip U3 of 4 feet have step motor start signal VDJ.

3. A battery powered automatic switching system for a shovel power plant as set forth in claim 1, wherein: The detection circuit further comprises chip U4, chip U4 is an integrated operational amplifier, chip U4 model is LM324, chip U4 of 5 feet have resistance R6 one end and resistance R7 one end, resistance R6 other end is connected with power supply +48V, resistance R7 other end is connected with ground wire, chip U4 of 6 feet have battery XDC positive and diode D1 positive, diode D1 negative is connected with power shovel carrier power supply end VGD, battery XDC negative and chip U4 of 11 feet have ground wire, chip U4 of 4 feet have power supply +5V; Chip U4 of 7 feet have resistance R8 one end, resistance R8 other end is connected with chip U5 of 2 feet and capacitor C2 one end, chip U5 is an integrated operational amplifier, chip U5 model is TLC27M2, capacitor C2 other end is connected with chip U5 of 1 feet and alarm signal BJ, chip U5 of 3 feet have resistance R9 one end, resistance R9 other end is connected with ground wire, chip U5 of 4 feet have ground wire, chip U5 of 8 feet have power supply +5V.

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