Microphone structure, earphone and test method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of earphones, in particular to a microphone structure, an earphone and a test method. The microphone structure comprises a shell and a microphone assembly, the shell comprises a pickup hole, an exhaust hole and a containing cavity, the microphone assembly is located in the containing cavity, the microphone assembly and the outer wall of the shell are arranged in a spaced mode, the microphone assembly divides the containing cavity into a first cavity and a second cavity which are independent from each other, the pickup hole is communicated with the first cavity, and the exhaust hole is communicated with the second cavity. The earphone comprises the microphone structure. The testing method is used for testing the acoustic performance of the earphone. According to the microphone structure, the earphone and the test method, the noise reduction effect can be improved, and the definition of voice communication is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of headphone technology, specifically to a microphone structure, headphone, and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of headphone technology, to meet users' dual needs for noise reduction and clear calls, noise-canceling headphones with integrated microphones are currently widely used. However, because the vibration of the headphone shell is easily transmitted directly to the microphone, vibration interference noise is mixed into the microphone when picking up the voice signal. This not only interferes with the noise reduction effect of the headphones, but also causes the voice signal to be superimposed with the interference noise during calls, resulting in a decrease in the clarity of the voice received by the other party and affecting the call quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, based on the problem of unclear voice communication due to poor noise reduction performance, this application proposes a microphone structure that can improve noise reduction performance and ensure clear voice communication.

[0004] This application also proposes an earphone having the above-described microphone structure.

[0005] This application also proposes a test method for testing the performance of the aforementioned microphone structure. The microphone structure according to an embodiment of this application includes a housing and a microphone assembly; The housing includes a pickup port, an exhaust port, and a receiving cavity; The microphone assembly is located in the housing cavity and is spaced apart from the outer wall of the housing. The microphone assembly divides the housing cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber that are independent of each other. The pickup hole is connected to the first chamber and the exhaust hole is connected to the second chamber.

[0006] The microphone structure according to the embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: the pickup hole is used to directionally collect the target sound source, so that the target sound source can be transmitted to the microphone assembly through the first chamber; the exhaust hole is used to balance the internal and external air pressure of the housing and avoid exhaust noise from interfering with the microphone; in addition, by arranging the microphone assembly and the outer wall of the housing at intervals, this application can effectively block noise other than the target sound source from being transmitted to the microphone assembly. Thus, the microphone structure of this application can realize the directional collection of the target sound source and block the microphone from receiving other noise, which is beneficial to improving the noise reduction effect.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, the microphone assembly includes a microphone body and a sealing sleeve. The sealing sleeve covers the microphone body, and the sealing sleeve has a pickup opening on the side facing the first chamber, which communicates with the first chamber.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, the microphone assembly further includes a tuning element, an exhaust opening is provided on the side of the sealing sleeve facing the second chamber, the exhaust opening communicates with the second chamber, the tuning element is connected to the side of the sealing sleeve facing the second chamber, and the tuning element covers the exhaust opening.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, the microphone body has unidirectional pickup characteristics, and the microphone body is configured to pick up sound in the direction of the first chamber.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, the volume of the first chamber is 8 mm. 3 Up to 18mm 3 ; And / or, the volume of the second chamber is 5 mm. 3 Up to 10mm 3 .

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first chamber increases along the direction from the pickup hole to the first chamber.

[0012] The earphone according to the embodiments of this application includes the microphone structure in any of the above embodiments.

[0013] The earphone according to the embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: by adopting the above-described microphone structure, the noise reduction effect can be effectively enhanced, making voice calls clearer.

[0014] The testing method according to the embodiments of this application is used to test the acoustic performance of the headphones in the above embodiments. The testing method includes the following steps: Arrange the headphones and the sound-producing structure so that the microphone structure and the sound-producing structure maintain a preset distance, and the pickup hole faces the sound-producing port; Adjust the angle between the pickup hole and the sound outlet to control the sound-producing structure to emit sound at a frequency from 100Hz to 10000Hz, and measure the polarity diagram of the microphone structure when the angle between the two is from 0° to 180°, and obtain the 0° frequency response curve and the 180° frequency response curve respectively. Calculate the difference between the 0° and 180° frequency response curves at the same sound frequency, and define the difference as the attenuation value.

[0015] The testing method according to the embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: the testing method of this application, by quantifying the differences in acoustic response at different angles and frequencies, facilitates the directional optimization of the microphone structure and the verification of noise reduction effect.

[0016] According to some embodiments of this application, the sound emitted by the sound-emitting structure includes a test human voice having a first frequency and test noise having a second frequency; The microphone structure collects and tests sound to obtain recorded human voice and recorded noise; The test compares the human voice and the recorded human voice, and the test noise and the recorded noise.

[0017] According to some embodiments of this application, after obtaining the attenuation value, headphones are worn, the test voice is identified as the first text, the recorded voice is identified as the second text, and the repetition rate of the first text and the second text is compared.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the microphone structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a microphone structure from another perspective in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a top view of the microphone structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view at point AA; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the microphone structure from a first-person perspective in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the microphone structure from a second perspective in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the microphone structure from a third-person perspective, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 This is a polarity diagram of the microphone structure in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 for Figure 9 A diagram illustrating the direction and meaning of some angles in the middle section; Figure 11 This is a frequency response curve diagram of an embodiment of this application at 0° and 180°. Figure 12 This is a test assembly diagram of the headphones according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 This is a test diagram of the headphones in an embodiment of this application at 0°. Figure 14 This is a test diagram of the headphones according to an embodiment of this application at 180°. Figure 15 This is a test structure block diagram of the test method in the embodiment of this application.

[0020] Reference numerals: housing 100, first connector 110, second connector 120, receiving cavity 130, first chamber 131, second chamber 132, pickup hole 140, exhaust hole 150; Microphone assembly 200, microphone body 210, sealing sleeve 220, first seal 221, pickup opening 2211, second seal 222, exhaust opening 2221, tuning component 230. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0023] In the description of this application, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0024] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, terms such as "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0025] In the description of this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0026] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: refer to Figures 1 to 8 According to an embodiment of this application, the microphone structure includes a housing 100 and a microphone assembly 200. The housing 100 includes a pickup hole 140, an exhaust hole 150, and a receiving cavity 130. The microphone assembly 200 is located in the receiving cavity 130 and is spaced apart from the outer wall of the housing 100. This spacing is used to avoid direct contact between the microphone assembly 200 and the outer wall of the housing 100. The microphone assembly 200 divides the receiving cavity 130 into two independent chambers, a first chamber 131 and a second chamber 132. The pickup hole 140 communicates with the first chamber 131, and the exhaust hole 150 communicates with the second chamber 132.

[0027] Specifically, the outer wall of the housing 100 is configured as a sidewall exposed to the environment. The microphone assembly 200 is connected to the internal structure of the housing 100 to fix the microphone structure. The first chamber 131 and the second chamber 132 are part of the space of the housing 130. The microphone assembly 200 is located at the junction of the first chamber 131 and the second chamber 132. The positions of the pickup hole 140 and the exhaust hole 150 on the housing 100 are symmetrical or corresponding to the microphone assembly 200. One end of the pickup hole 140 is connected to the outside and the other end is connected to the inside of the first chamber 131. One end of the exhaust hole 150 is connected to the outside and the other end is connected to the inside of the second chamber 132. Thus, the airflow through the exhaust hole 150 is restricted to the second chamber 132, preventing it from entering the first chamber 131 and interfering with the microphone assembly 200's acquisition of the target sound source, which helps to ensure the clarity of the microphone assembly 200's sound pickup. Furthermore, the microphone assembly 200 is spaced apart from the outer wall of the housing 100, and the pickup hole 140 is connected to the first chamber 131. This effectively blocks external environmental noise (such as collision sound and friction sound) on the outer wall of the housing 100 from being transmitted to the microphone assembly 200, and ensures that the sound signal of the target sound source can be concentrated and transmitted to the microphone assembly 200 through the first chamber 131. This reduces the dispersion and loss of sound during transmission, enables directional acquisition of the target sound source, and further improves the accuracy and clarity of the microphone assembly 200's sound pickup.

[0028] It should be noted that the pickup hole 140 is used for directional acquisition of target sound sources (such as user voice). When the target sound source emits sound, the sound can enter the first chamber 131 through the pickup hole 140, and then be transmitted to the microphone assembly 200 through the space inside the first chamber 131, so that the microphone assembly 200 can receive and process the sound signal. The exhaust hole 150 is used to balance the air pressure between the housing 130 and the external environment. When the air pressure of the environment where the microphone structure is located changes, or when the air pressure inside the housing 130 fluctuates during operation, the airflow can flow between the outside and the second chamber 132 through the exhaust hole 150, thereby achieving air pressure balance inside and outside the housing 130.

[0029] refer to Figures 1 to 8 In some embodiments, the microphone assembly 200 includes a microphone body 210 and a sealing sleeve 220. The sealing sleeve 220 covers the microphone body 210, and the sealing sleeve 220 has a pickup opening 2211 on the side facing the first chamber 131, which communicates with the first chamber 131.

[0030] Specifically, the sealing sleeve 220 is made of silicone material. The sealing sleeve 220 wraps around the outside of the microphone body 210, and the inner side of the sealing sleeve 220 fits against the outer wall of the microphone body 210. The sealing sleeve 220 has a pickup opening 2211, which is positioned directly opposite the sound receiving area of ​​the microphone body 210, so that the sealing sleeve 220 can completely cover the part of the microphone body 210 except for the sound receiving area. The outer wall of the sealing sleeve 220 is in close contact with the inner wall of the receiving cavity 130. The sealing sleeve 220 achieves a sealing fit with the inner wall of the receiving cavity 130 through its own elastic deformation, which is used to block the airflow and sound transmission path between the first chamber 131 and the second chamber 132. After the sound from the target sound source enters the first chamber 131 through the pickup hole 140, it can be directly transmitted to the sound receiving area of ​​the microphone body 210 through the pickup opening 2211, ensuring that the microphone body 210 can effectively receive the sound signal from the target sound source, which helps to improve the clarity of the microphone body 210's sound pickup. In addition, since the sealing sleeve 220 is made of silicone material, which has good elasticity and cushioning properties, when the internal structure of the housing 100 vibrates, the vibration needs to be transmitted to the microphone body 210 through the sealing sleeve 220. The elastic deformation of the silicone can absorb some of the vibration energy, reduce the vibration transmission efficiency, and thus better block sound interference, which is beneficial to enhancing the noise reduction effect of the microphone assembly 200.

[0031] refer to Figures 1 to 8In some embodiments, the microphone assembly 200 further includes a tuning element 230. The sealing sleeve 220 has an exhaust opening 2221 on the side facing the second chamber 132, and the exhaust opening 2221 communicates with the second chamber 132. The tuning element 230 is connected to the side of the sealing sleeve 220 facing the second chamber 132 and covers the exhaust opening 2221. This can further block noise interference from the side of the microphone body 210 facing the second chamber 132 while ensuring the air pressure balance inside and outside the receiving cavity 130. This is equivalent to blocking noise interference from the opposite direction of the target sound source, which is beneficial to further improve the overall noise reduction effect.

[0032] Specifically, the tuning component 230 can be a tuning mesh, and the tuning mesh can be 40. (Ohms per square centimeter) up to 60 Made of polyester fiber, this tuning mesh has a breathability of 220. Up to 400 For example, the air permeability value can be 220. 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 Or 400 Or it may fall within the range of any two of the above values. In addition to meeting the requirement of real-time air pressure balance inside and outside the cavity, the tuning mesh can also dampen noise, making it difficult for noise in the second chamber 132 (such as airflow noise at the exhaust port 150 and noise transmitted from the external environment through the second chamber 132) to enter the sealing sleeve 220 through the exhaust opening 2221 and be transmitted to the microphone body 210, thus taking into account both air pressure balance and noise isolation.

[0033] refer to Figures 1 to 8In other embodiments, the housing 100 includes a first connector 110 and a second connector 120, and the sealing sleeve 220 includes a first seal 221 and a second seal 222. The first connector 110 and the second connector 120 are detachably connected. The first seal 221 is fitted on the end of the microphone body 210 facing the first chamber 131. The inner wall of the first seal 221 is in contact with the outer wall of the microphone body 210. The first seal 221 has a pickup opening 2211, which penetrates the inner and outer walls of the first seal 221 and is opposite to the sound receiving point of the microphone body 210. The second seal 222 is fitted on the end of the microphone body 210 facing the second chamber 132. The inner wall of the second seal 222 is also in contact with the outer wall of the microphone body 210. The second seal 222 has an exhaust opening 2221, which penetrates the inner and outer walls of the second seal 222.

[0034] The inner wall of the first connector 110 abuts against the outer wall of the first seal 221, and the inner wall of the second connector 120 abuts against the outer wall of the second seal 222, thereby jointly securing the microphone assembly 200. The inner wall of the first connector 110, the outer wall of the first seal 221, and the outer peripheral wall of the microphone body 210 together form a first chamber 131, which communicates with the pickup hole 140. The inner wall of the second connector 120, the outer wall of the second seal 222, and the outer peripheral wall of the microphone body 210 together form a second chamber 132, which communicates with the exhaust hole 150. Based on this, the microphone structure of this application is easier to assemble and disassemble.

[0035] refer to Figures 1 to 8 In some embodiments, the microphone body 210 has unidirectional pickup characteristics and is configured to pick up sound in the first chamber 131, which helps to reduce interference from noise in non-target directions, while improving the clarity and purity of the pickup signal, and further optimizing the overall noise reduction and call effect.

[0036] Specifically, the structure by which the microphone body 210 achieves unidirectional sound pickup can be a built-in dual-diaphragm structure. This dual-diaphragm structure includes two diaphragm units arranged opposite to each other. The two diaphragm units are used to receive sound signals from different directions. The unidirectional sound pickup principle is as follows: when the sound signal is transmitted from the direction of the first chamber 131 (i.e., the front of the microphone body 210), the time difference between the two diaphragm units receiving the sound signal is extremely small, and the phases formed are basically consistent. The intensity is enhanced after the two phase-consistent signals are superimposed, so that the microphone body 210 can efficiently capture the target sound source in that direction. When a sound signal is received from a direction other than the first chamber 131 (such as the direction of the second chamber 132, or other directions outside the housing 100, i.e., the side or back of the microphone body 210), the two diaphragm units receive the sound signal at a large time difference, resulting in a significant phase difference. The two phase-differential signals cancel each other out after being superimposed, which greatly reduces the sensitivity of the microphone body 210 to non-target noise in that direction.

[0037] It should be noted that the microphone body 210 can be a high-sensitivity, high-signal-to-noise ratio unidirectional microphone. Its high sensitivity means that it can effectively capture weak target sound source signals (such as soft speech) in the first chamber 131, avoiding incomplete sound pickup due to weak signals. Its high signal-to-noise ratio means that the microphone body 210 itself has extremely low electronic noise, which can reduce the interference of its own noise on the target sound source signal and ensure that the target sound source accounts for a higher proportion of the acquired signal.

[0038] refer to Figures 1 to 8 In some embodiments, the volume of the first chamber 131 is 8 mm³. 3 Up to 18mm 3 And / or, the volume of the second chamber 132 is 5 mm³. 3 Up to 10mm 3 This helps to optimize the transmission efficiency and air pressure balance speed of the target sound source while ensuring the miniaturization of the microphone structure, thereby further improving the clarity of sound pickup and noise reduction.

[0039] For example, the volume of the first chamber 131 is 8 mm. 3 9mm 3 10mm 3 11mm 3 12mm 3 13mm 3 14mm 3 15mm 3 16mm 3 17mm 3 Or 18mm 3 Or it falls within the range of any two of the above values.

[0040] The volume of the second chamber 132 is 5 mm. 3 6mm 3 7mm 3 8mm 3 9mm 3 or 10mm 3 Or it falls within the range of any two of the above values.

[0041] Specifically, the volume of the first chamber 131 can be larger than that of the second chamber 132. For the first chamber 131, a larger volume can reduce the attenuation of the target sound source signal and resonance interference, and improve the clarity of sound pickup. For the second chamber 132, a smaller volume can accelerate the air pressure balance response speed, reduce turbulence noise, and enhance the noise reduction effect. At the same time, it can reasonably allocate the space of the shell 100, and adapt to the miniaturization requirements of the microphone while optimizing the acoustic performance.

[0042] refer to Figures 1 to 8 In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first chamber 131 increases along the direction from the pickup hole 140 to the first chamber 131, which is beneficial to enhance the amplification effect on the target sound source, reduce sound signal attenuation, and improve the pickup clarity of the microphone body 210.

[0043] Specifically, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first chamber 131 is increasing. The increasing cross-sectional area can be achieved in two ways. The first is that the cross-sectional area is continuously and gradually increasing, that is, the inner wall of the first chamber 131 is a smooth flared shape. From the end near the pickup hole 140 to the end away from the pickup hole 140, the inner wall slowly extends outward, so that the cross-sectional area increases uniformly.

[0044] The second type is a gradient increase in cross-sectional area. Taking the gradient increase as an example, a stepped structure is provided on the inner wall of the first chamber 131. The stepped structure consists of multiple coaxial annular steps with successively increasing diameters. A plane perpendicular to the axis of the chamber is formed between adjacent steps. These steps are arranged sequentially along the direction from the pickup hole 140 to the inside of the first chamber 131, so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the first chamber 131 gradually increases in a gradient form from the pickup hole 140 side as the diameter of the steps increases. Through this structural design, the first chamber 131 can have a sound amplification effect.

[0045] Based on this, after the sound from the target sound source enters the first chamber 131 through the pickup hole 140, it will propagate in the chamber with a gradually increasing cross-sectional area to achieve amplification. This reduces the energy attenuation of the sound during propagation, allowing the sound signal to be transmitted to the microphone body 210 with more energy. This solves the problem that traditional equal-section or narrow-mouth chambers can easily lead to a weakening of the sound signal, and helps to further improve the microphone body 210's sensitivity to capturing the target sound source and the clarity of the sound pickup.

[0046] refer to Figures 1 to 8 The earphone according to the embodiments of this application includes the microphone structure in any of the above embodiments. By adopting the microphone structure, it is beneficial to improve the call clarity and noise reduction effect in different usage scenarios.

[0047] Specifically, the microphone structure is installed in the corresponding position on the earphone shell according to the specific type of earphone, so as to ensure that the microphone structure can effectively collect the target sound source. The earphones in this application include, but are not limited to, Bluetooth earphones, sports earphones, open-back Bluetooth earphones, ear-hook earphones, clip-on earphones, ear hook earphones, AI earphones, smart earphones, or ANC noise-canceling earphones.

[0048] Bluetooth headsets typically feature a built-in wireless communication module for wireless audio transmission with terminal devices. The microphone is located near the user's mouth on the headset shell, catering to wireless calling needs. Sports headsets are usually waterproof to withstand sweat or rain during exercise. The microphone is integrated into the earbud shell or ear hook, ensuring stability and good sound pickup during activity. Open-back Bluetooth headsets use a design that doesn't block the ear canal. The microphone is located on the ear hook near the face, providing clear sound pickup in open environments. Ear-hook headsets are secured to the ear with an ear hook bracket. The wind structure is located at the end of the ear hook near the chin, ensuring a reasonable distance from the mouth; ear clip-on headphones are fixed to the auricle by a clip, and the microphone structure is integrated on the side of the clip facing the mouth, avoiding the clip from obstructing sound pickup; over-ear headphones are suspended around the neck by a neck strap, and the microphone structure is installed at the end of the wire connecting the neck strap to the earbud or on the earbud shell, adapting to the sound pickup angle when suspended around the neck; AI headphones have AI voice recognition capabilities and support AI interaction; smart headphones typically support intelligent interaction methods such as touch control and voice control, and the microphone structure works in conjunction with the intelligent control module to ensure effective reception of voice commands; ANC noise-canceling headphones have an active noise cancellation system, and the microphone structure works in conjunction with the active noise cancellation system to improve the clarity of voice during calls while achieving active noise cancellation.

[0049] The advantages of the microphone structure, such as directional sound pickup, noise isolation, and balanced air pressure, can be directly applied to the headset. This allows the headset to effectively reduce interference from environmental noise and airflow noise during calls, improving call clarity and solving the problem of noticeable call noise in traditional headsets in complex environments, thus bringing a better call experience.

[0050] refer to Figures 1 to 15 The test method according to the embodiments of this application is used to test the acoustic performance, such as noise reduction performance, of the headphones described above. The test method includes the following steps: The headphones and the sound-producing structure are arranged such that the microphone structure and the sound-producing structure are kept at a preset distance, and the pickup hole 140 faces the sound-producing port. Adjust the angle between the pickup hole 140 and the sound outlet to control the sound-emitting structure to emit sound at a frequency of 100Hz to 10000Hz, and measure the polarity diagram of the microphone structure when the angle between the two is 0° to 180°, and obtain the 0° frequency response curve and the 180° frequency response curve respectively. Calculate the difference between the 0° and 180° frequency response curves at the same sound frequency, and define the difference as the attenuation value.

[0051] Therefore, the testing method of this application, by quantifying the differences in acoustic response at different angles and frequencies, facilitates the directional optimization of the microphone structure and the verification of noise reduction effects.

[0052] Specifically, the first step is to arrange the headphones and the sound-emitting structure. Prepare the headphones to be tested, the sound-emitting structure (such as a standard speaker), and a bracket for fixing both. Fix the headphones to be tested on the bracket and adjust the position of the bracket so that the microphone structure of the headphones and the sound-emitting structure maintain a preset distance. This preset distance can be 20mm to 30mm. For example, the preset distance can be 20mm, 21mm, 22mm, 23mm, 24mm, 25mm, 26mm, 27mm, 28mm, 29mm, or 30mm, specifically 25mm. At the same time, ensure that the pickup hole 140 of the microphone structure of the headphones is facing the sound outlet of the sound-emitting structure. In the initial state, the angle between the pickup hole 140 and the sound outlet is 0°.

[0053] Next, adjust the angle between the pickup hole 140 and the sound outlet and control the sound-emitting structure to produce sound. Slowly adjust the angle of the headphones using the bracket so that the angle between the pickup hole 140 and the sound outlet can gradually change within the range of 0° to 180°. At the same time, turn on the sound-emitting structure so that it continuously produces sound in the frequency range of 100Hz to 10000Hz, and control the sound pressure level of the sound emitted by the sound-emitting structure within the range of 90dB to 100dB. For example, the sound pressure level can be 90dB, 91dB, 92dB, 93dB, 94dB, 95dB, 96dB, 97dB, 98dB, 99dB or 100dB, specifically 94dB, and keep the sound pressure level stable during the sound production process.

[0054] Then, the polarity diagram of the microphone structure was determined and the frequency response curve was obtained. During the continuous sound emission of the sound-emitting structure and the gradual change of the angle between the pickup hole 140 and the sound outlet from 0° to 180°, the sound signal received by the microphone structure was collected in real time by data acquisition equipment (such as a sound level meter and an audio analyzer). Based on the signal data collected at different angles, the polarity diagram of the microphone structure was generated. The polarity diagram takes the center of the microphone structure as the origin. The angle coordinates in the diagram represent the direction of the sound source (i.e., the angle between the pickup hole 140 and the sound outlet). The 0° axis (directly above) represents the front of the microphone structure (usually the direction with the highest sensitivity), the 180° axis represents the rear of the microphone structure, and the 90° and 270° axes represent the two sides of the microphone structure. The concentric circles in the polarity diagram represent the sensitivity level. The outermost circle corresponds to 0dB (the reference value for the highest sensitivity). From the outer circle to the center, the sensitivity gradually decreases, corresponding to the weakening ability of the microphone structure to pick up sound in that direction.

[0055] Meanwhile, during the polarity diagram measurement process, sound signal data were extracted when the angle between the pickup hole 140 and the sound outlet was 0° and when the angle was 180°, respectively. These two sets of data were processed by an audio analyzer to generate a 0° frequency response curve (reflecting the response characteristics of the microphone structure to different frequencies of sound from 100Hz to 10000Hz when the angle is 0°) and a 180° frequency response curve (reflecting the response characteristics of the microphone structure to different frequencies of sound from 100Hz to 10000Hz when the angle is 180°).

[0056] Based on the above calculation of attenuation values ​​and analysis of directional sound pickup and noise reduction performance, for the same sound frequency in the frequency range of 100Hz to 10000Hz (with a focus on key frequency points such as 300Hz, 500Hz, 1kHz, 3kHz, and 5kHz), the corresponding sound pressure level values ​​are extracted from the 0° frequency response curve and the 180° frequency response curve, respectively. The difference between the two sound pressure level values ​​is calculated and defined as the attenuation value. For example, the attenuation value reaches 8dB to 12dB in the range of 1500Hz to 8000Hz.

[0057] The attenuation value can be used to intuitively judge the directional suppression capability of a microphone structure. For example, at 500Hz (low frequency), the center shape of the polarimetric graph is "fatter" and the corresponding attenuation value is relatively small, indicating that the microphone structure is slightly weaker in suppressing side and rear sounds at low frequencies. At 5kHz (high frequency), the center shape of the polarimetric graph is "thinner" and the corresponding attenuation value is relatively large, indicating that the microphone structure is better in suppressing non-directly frontal sounds at high frequencies.

[0058] Therefore, the testing method of this application adjusts the preset distance to the actual distance between the user's mouth and the microphone structure when wearing the headphones, which is more in line with daily use scenarios. At the same time, by controlling the sound-emitting structure to emit sound at a sound pressure level of 90dB to 100dB and a frequency of 100Hz to 10000Hz, and measuring the polar diagram and frequency response curve at an angle of 0° to 180°, it can comprehensively cover the sound intensity and frequency range that users may encounter in daily use, as well as the different directions of sound sources. Combined with the calculation of attenuation value, the microphone structure's ability to pick up target sound sources directly in front and its ability to suppress noise from non-directly in front can be quantified, so as to better evaluate the noise reduction performance of the headphones.

[0059] It should be noted that, Figure 9 The circumferential coordinates are in degrees, and the radial coordinates are in decibels. Figure 11 The horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents decibels. Figure 15 In the diagram, MIC Curve represents the frequency response curve of the output, Audio Analyzer represents an audio analyzer, Power Amplifier represents a power amplifier, DC Supply represents a DC power supply, Microphone represents the microphone structure, and Mouth Simulator represents a mouth simulator, i.e., the sound-producing structure.

[0060] refer to Figures 1 to 15 In some embodiments, the sound emitted by the sound-emitting structure includes a test human voice with a first frequency and test noise with a second frequency. A microphone structure acquires the test sound to obtain a recorded human voice and recorded noise. The test human voice and recorded human voice are compared and detected, as are the test noise and recorded noise. This is beneficial for more accurately distinguishing the headphone's ability to process human voice and noise.

[0061] Specifically, the testing tool can use digital music editors such as CoolEditPro to record, store, and compare audio signals. Through its built-in waveform display module and parameter analysis module, the characteristic parameters of the audio, such as frequency and amplitude, can be viewed intuitively.

[0062] The sound-generating structure is connected to the digital music editor via an audio cable. Two different frequency audio signals are preset in the editor: one is a test human voice with a first frequency, set to the main frequency band of human voices (e.g., 300Hz to 3kHz, covering most speech frequencies in daily conversation), with a sound pressure level of 94dB; the other is test noise with a second frequency, set to the frequency band of common environmental noise (e.g., low-frequency noise below 100Hz or high-frequency noise above 5kHz, such as low-frequency traffic noise or high-frequency environmental noise), with a sound pressure level of 94dB. The sound-generating structure is controlled by the digital music editor to simultaneously or sequentially emit a mixed test sound containing both the test human voice and the test noise, ensuring that the two sound signals do not interfere with each other after mixing and that their frequency characteristics remain independent.

[0063] Then, sound acquisition is performed. The headphones under test are fixed in a normal wearing state (they can be fixed on a standard artificial head to simulate actual wearing), with the microphone structure of the headphones facing the sound outlet of the sound-emitting structure, maintaining a distance of 20mm to 30mm between them (close to the actual usage distance). The recording function of the microphone structure of the headphones and the digital music editor is turned on, and the mixed test sound emitted by the sound-emitting structure is acquired through the microphone structure. After the acquisition is completed, a mixed recorded audio containing the recorded human voice and recorded noise is generated and stored in the editor, where the recorded human voice corresponds to the acquired signal of the test human voice, and the recorded noise corresponds to the acquired signal of the test noise.

[0064] Then, a comparative test is conducted. First, the test voice and the recorded voice are compared: In the digital music editor, the preset test voice audio file and the captured recorded voice audio segment are retrieved respectively. Using the waveform comparison function of the editor, the waveforms of the two audios are superimposed and displayed to observe whether the amplitude change trend of the waveforms is consistent. At the same time, the parameter analysis function of the editor is used to extract the amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio and other parameters of the two audios at each frequency point of the first frequency (300Hz to 3kHz). The amplitude deviation between the recorded voice and the test voice at the same frequency point is calculated. For example, if the deviation is controlled within ±3dB, it indicates that the microphone structure has a good effect on preserving the test voice.

[0065] Next, compare the test noise and the recorded noise: In the same digital music editor, retrieve the preset test noise audio file and the collected recorded noise audio clip. Using the same waveform comparison and parameter analysis method as above, observe the waveform consistency of the two audios at the second frequency (below 100Hz or above 5kHz). Extract and calculate the amplitude deviation between the recorded noise and the test noise at the same frequency point. If the amplitude of the recorded noise is reduced by more than 5dB compared with the test noise, it indicates that the microphone structure has a certain suppression effect on the test noise.

[0066] Finally, based on the results of the two comparative tests, the microphone structure's ability to distinguish and process human voice and noise is comprehensively judged. If the amplitude deviation of the tested human voice is small and the amplitude attenuation of the tested noise is obvious, it indicates that the microphone structure can effectively preserve the target human voice and suppress interference noise, and the noise reduction performance meets expectations. Otherwise, it is necessary to optimize the directional design of the microphone structure or the noise reduction parameters for the frequency range with deviation or insufficient attenuation.

[0067] Therefore, by configuring the sound emitted by the sound-emitting structure to include a first frequency test human voice and a second frequency test noise, this application can simulate the mixed sound environment of "human voice + noise" in actual use, effectively avoiding the problem that a single sound test cannot reflect the real scene, and helping to more realistically evaluate the actual noise reduction effect of the microphone structure.

[0068] refer to Figures 1 to 15 In some embodiments, after obtaining the attenuation value, the headphones are worn, the test voice is identified as the first text, and the recorded voice is identified as the second text. The repetition rate between the first and second texts is compared. This is helpful in further determining the microphone structure's ability to preserve the integrity of voice information, thus providing a more comprehensive evaluation of the headphone's performance.

[0069] Specifically, the headphones to be tested are worn on the tester's ears in normal use (or fixed on a standard artificial head and simulated ear fit), ensuring that the microphone structure of the headphones is located 20mm to 30mm directly in front of the tester's mouth. The preset test voice with a first frequency (300Hz to 3kHz) is played again through the sound-emitting structure. The test voice is selected as standard text content with clear semantics (such as the preset fixed sentence "Test the acoustic performance of the headphones and verify the voice transmission effect", with the text length controlled to be 10 to 20 words to ensure semantic integrity and easy recognition). During playback, the sound pressure level of the test voice is kept at 94dB, consistent with the above configuration.

[0070] Then, the test voice and the recorded voice are identified separately to obtain the corresponding text: The first identification method is manual identification, in which 3 to 5 trained testers simultaneously listen to the test voice played by the sound-producing structure, and each person independently records the text content they hear, forming multiple first drafts of the text. By comparing the drafts to eliminate individual auditory errors, a unified first text (i.e., the standard text corresponding to the test voice) is finally determined; At the same time, the testers listen to the recorded voice output by the headphone microphone structure (the recorded voice can be obtained through the headphone's audio output interface or the connected playback device), and also independently record the text content, forming multiple second drafts of the text. After comparison, a unified second text (i.e., the identified text corresponding to the recorded voice) is determined.

[0071] The second recognition method is software recognition. Select a recognition software with speech-to-text function, import the preset test voice audio file into the recognition software, and the software will convert the test voice into text through the built-in speech recognition algorithm (based on the matching of acoustic model and language model, the specific principle will not be elaborated here), generating the first text. At the same time, import the recorded voice audio file collected by the microphone structure into the same recognition software, keep the software's recognition parameters (such as recognition language, sensitivity threshold) consistent, and the software will also convert the recorded voice into text, generating the second text.

[0072] Text duplication rate comparison is performed using a text comparison tool to compare the first and second texts and calculate their duplication rate. The duplication rate is calculated as the percentage of identical characters in the compared text relative to the total number of characters in the first text. Generally, a duplication rate higher than 90% indicates that the microphone structure effectively preserves the semantics of the recorded voice with minimal information loss during transmission. A duplication rate lower than 80% indicates significant semantic deviations in the recorded voice, requiring optimization of the microphone structure's voice transmission performance. Therefore, this application, by comparing duplication rates, helps to further improve the comprehensiveness of the testing method and make the test results more accurate.

[0073] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this application. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A microphone structure, characterized in that, include: The housing includes a pickup port, an exhaust port, and a receiving cavity; A microphone assembly is located in the receiving cavity and spaced apart from the outer wall of the housing. The microphone assembly divides the receiving cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber that are independent of each other. The pickup hole communicates with the first chamber and the exhaust hole communicates with the second chamber.

2. The microphone structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microphone assembly includes a microphone body and a sealing sleeve. The sealing sleeve covers the microphone body, and the sealing sleeve has a pickup opening on the side facing the first chamber, which communicates with the first chamber.

3. The microphone structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microphone assembly further includes a tuning component. The sealing sleeve has an exhaust opening on the side facing the second chamber, the exhaust opening is in communication with the second chamber, and the tuning component is connected to the side of the sealing sleeve facing the second chamber and covers the exhaust opening.

4. The microphone structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microphone body has a unidirectional sound pickup characteristic, and the microphone body is configured to pick up sound from the first chamber.

5. The microphone structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume of the first chamber is 8 mm. 3 Up to 18mm 3 ; And / or, the volume of the second chamber is 5 mm². 3 Up to 10mm 3 .

6. The microphone structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction from the pickup hole to the first chamber, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first chamber increases.

7. An earphone, characterized in that, The microphone structure includes any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A test method for testing the acoustic performance of the headphones according to claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The earphone and the sound-emitting structure are arranged such that the microphone structure and the sound-emitting structure maintain a preset distance, and the pickup hole faces the sound-emitting port; Adjust the angle between the pickup hole and the sound outlet to control the sound-emitting structure to emit sound at a frequency of 100Hz to 10000Hz, and measure the polarity diagram of the microphone structure when the angle between the two is 0° to 180°, and obtain the 0° frequency response curve and the 180° frequency response curve respectively. Calculate the difference between the 0° frequency response curve and the 180° frequency response curve at the same sound frequency, and define the difference as the attenuation value.

9. The test method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sound emitted by the sound-generating structure includes a test human voice with a first frequency and test noise with a second frequency. The microphone structure collects test sounds to obtain recorded human voices and recorded noise. The test voice and the recorded voice are compared and detected, and the test noise and the recorded noise are compared and detected.

10. The test method according to claim 9, characterized in that, After obtaining the attenuation value, the headphones are worn, the test voice is identified as the first text, the recorded voice is identified as the second text, and the repetition rate of the first text and the second text is compared.

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