Perovskite solar cell, preparation method thereof and photovoltaic module
By setting a synergistic functional layer of thiourea, tin oxide and fluorinated alkyl alkoxysilane materials on the surface of the perovskite layer, the stability problem of perovskite solar cells in humid and hot environments is solved, and the stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cells are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510907596.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-23
AI Technical Summary
Perovskite solar cells lack stability in humid and hot environments, resulting in rapid efficiency degradation and limiting their further development and application.
A first synergistic functional layer, a second synergistic functional layer, and a third synergistic functional layer are bonded together on the surface of the perovskite layer. The first synergistic functional layer includes a thiourea-based material, the second synergistic functional layer includes tin oxide, and the third synergistic functional layer includes a fluorinated alkyl alkoxysilane-based material. Through the chemical bonding and synergistic effect between these materials, the interfacial bonding stability and carrier transport efficiency are improved.
This significantly improves the stability and electrical performance of perovskite solar cells in humid and hot environments, reduces the risk of performance degradation due to interface instability, and achieves an increase in photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121398337A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. BACKGROUND
[0002] Perovskite solar cells have become one of the most promising cells in new generation photovoltaic technology due to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, the stability of perovskite solar cells in a humid and hot environment is insufficient, which leads to a rapid decay of the efficiency of the cells during use and limits the further development and application of perovskite solar cells. SUMMARY
[0003] In order to reduce the decay of the efficiency of the cells and improve the reliability of the solar cells in a humid and hot environment, the present application discloses a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module.
[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a perovskite solar cell.
[0005] The perovskite solar cell comprises a perovskite layer and a first synergistic functional layer, a second synergistic functional layer, and a third synergistic functional layer which are sequentially stacked on the surface of the perovskite layer, wherein the first synergistic functional layer comprises a thiourea-based material, the second synergistic functional layer comprises tin oxide, and the third synergistic functional layer comprises a fluoroalkyl-containing alkoxysilane-based material.
[0006] As an optional implementation, in the embodiments of the present application, the perovskite layer and the thiourea-based material are combined by Pb-S bonds and / or Pb-N bonds, the thiourea-based material and the tin oxide are combined by hydrogen bonds, and the alkoxysilane-based material and the tin oxide are combined by Si-O-Sn bonds.
[0007] As an optional implementation, in the embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the first synergistic functional layer is 0.5 nm to 1 nm, the thickness of the second synergistic functional layer is 5 nm to 10 nm, and the thickness of the third synergistic functional layer is 8 nm to 13 nm.
[0008] As an optional implementation, in the embodiments of the present application, the conduction band level of the perovskite layer is -3.9 eV to -4 eV, and the conduction band level of the second synergistic functional layer is -4.1 eV to -4.2 eV.
[0009] As an optional implementation, in the embodiments of the present application, the thiourea-based material comprises one of thiourea or aminothiourea or a combination of both;
[0010] and / or,
[0011] The alkoxy silane material is heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane.
[0012] As an optional implementation, in the embodiments of the present application, the perovskite solar cell further comprises a bottom cell, and a composite layer and a hole transport layer are sequentially stacked on the bottom cell;
[0013] The perovskite layer, the first synergistic functional layer, the second synergistic functional layer, and the third synergistic functional layer are sequentially stacked on the side of the hole transport layer away from the bottom cell;
[0014] The third synergistic functional layer further comprises a transparent conductive layer and a first electrode on the side away from the bottom cell;
[0015] Or,
[0016] The perovskite solar cell further comprises a transparent conductive substrate, and a hole transport layer is arranged on the surface of the transparent conductive substrate;
[0017] The perovskite layer, the first synergistic functional layer, the second synergistic functional layer, and the third synergistic functional layer are sequentially stacked on the side of the hole transport layer away from the transparent conductive substrate;
[0018] The third synergistic functional layer further comprises a first electrode on the side away from the transparent conductive substrate.
[0019] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell.
[0020] The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:
[0021] The first synergistic functional layer is prepared on the surface of the perovskite layer;
[0022] The second synergistic functional layer is prepared on the surface of the first synergistic functional layer;
[0023] The third synergistic functional layer is prepared on the surface of the second synergistic functional layer.
[0024] As an optional implementation, in the embodiments of the present application, the process temperature for preparing the first synergistic functional layer, the second synergistic functional layer, and the third synergistic functional layer is not higher than 150℃.
[0025] As an optional implementation, in the embodiments of the present application, the first synergistic functional layer is prepared by a solution method, and after the sulfur thiourea material is spin-coated, annealing is performed at 90℃-100℃ for 10min-15min;
[0026] The second synergistic functional layer is prepared by atomic layer deposition, and the deposition temperature is 90-100 DEG C.
[0027] The third synergistic functional layer is prepared by vapor deposition, and the temperature is 100-120 DEG C.
[0028] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module.
[0029] A photovoltaic module comprises the perovskite solar cell of the first aspect or the perovskite solar cell prepared by the preparation method of the second aspect.
[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:
[0031] The perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiments of the present application realizes the obvious improvement of the stability and electrical performance of the perovskite solar cell in a humid heat environment by arranging the first synergistic functional layer, the second synergistic functional layer and the third synergistic functional layer which are mutually bonded on the surface of the perovskite layer. 2 The C=S group and the amino group of the thiourea material in the first synergistic functional layer realize the synergistic passivation effect on the uncoordinated lead ions (Pb - , Br - or Cl - ) in the perovskite layer and promote the carrier transport, and at the same time, the interface dipole effect is induced by the amino group of the thiourea material, the conduction band level of the tin oxide in the second synergistic functional layer is improved to a state more matched with the perovskite layer, thereby effectively reducing the interface barrier and further enhancing the electron transport. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.
[0033] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell disclosed by the embodiments of the present application.
[0034] Icon: 1, perovskite layer; 2, first synergic functional layer; 3, second synergic functional layer; 4, third synergic functional layer; 5, bottom cell; 51, second electrode; 6, composite layer; 7, hole transport layer; 71, NiO x layer; 72, 2PACz layer; 8, transparent conductive layer; 91, first electrode; 92, anti-reflection layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.
[0036] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.
[0037] In addition, in addition to being used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship, the above-mentioned part of the terms can also be used to indicate other meanings, for example, the term "upper" can also be used to indicate a certain dependent relationship or connection relationship in some cases. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in the present application according to the specific situation.
[0038] In addition, the terms "mount", "set", "provided with", "connect", "connected" should be broadly understood. For example, it can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally constructed; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two devices, elements or components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application according to the specific situation.
[0039] In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are mainly used to distinguish different devices, elements or components (the specific types and structures can be the same or different), and are not intended to indicate or imply the relative importance and quantity of the indicated devices, elements or components. Unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more.
[0040] Applicant's research found that in the perovskite solar cell, the defect passivation of the perovskite layer surface, the energy level matching of the perovskite layer and the adjacent film layer, and the water and oxygen blocking effect are the main reasons affecting the stability of the device. There are a large number of uncoordinated lead ions (Pb 2 +) and halogen vacancies (such as I - , Br - or Cl - ) on the surface of the perovskite layer, resulting in non-radiative recombination on the surface of the perovskite layer, and the open-circuit voltage of the device is reduced. Moreover, the interlayer adhesion between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer (such as the C 60 layer or the tin oxide layer) is poor, resulting in insufficient stability of the device in a humid and hot environment.
[0041] Although there are related researches that propose to set a passivation layer on the surface of the perovskite layer to make up for the defects on the surface of the perovskite layer. However, a single passivation layer has limitations in improving the stability of the device, and the stability of the device in a humid and hot environment is still poor, and further improvement is needed.
[0042] Therefore, the present application provides a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module to improve the stability of the device in a humid and hot environment.
[0043] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described below in combination with embodiments and drawings.
[0044] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite solar cell.
[0045] A perovskite solar cell, referring to Figure 1 , comprises a perovskite layer 1 and a first synergistic functional layer 2, a second synergistic functional layer 3 and a third synergistic functional layer 4 sequentially stacked on the surface of the perovskite layer 1, wherein the first synergistic functional layer 2 comprises a thiourea material, the second synergistic functional layer 3 comprises tin oxide, and the third synergistic functional layer 4 comprises a fluorine-containing alkyl alkoxy silane material.
[0046] The present application realizes the obvious improvement of the stability and electrical performance of the perovskite solar cell in a humid and hot environment by setting the first synergistic functional layer 2, the second synergistic functional layer 3 and the third synergistic functional layer 4 which are bonded to each other on the surface of the perovskite layer 1. The C=S group and the amino group of the thiourea material used in the first synergistic functional layer 2 passivate the uncoordinated lead ions (Pb 2 +) and halogen vacancies (such as I - , Br - or Cl -) achieves synergistic passivation, promoting carrier transport. At the same time, the second synergistic functional layer 3 includes tin oxide, which is used to play the role of transporting electrons, while the first synergistic functional layer 2 can induce the generation of an interface dipole effect through the amino group of the thiourea material, effectively regulating the electron transport effect of the tin oxide in the second synergistic functional layer 3, so that the conduction band level of the tin oxide is lifted to a state that is more matched with the perovskite layer 1, thereby effectively reducing the interface barrier and further enhancing the electron transport capability of the second synergistic functional layer 3. The fluorinated alkyl group contained in the alkoxysilane material of the third synergistic functional layer 4 can provide better hydrophobic effect, can form a hydrophobic barrier, and through the chemical bonding between the alkoxy group in the alkoxysilane material and the tin oxide, the interlayer bonding strength between the second synergistic functional layer 3 and the third synergistic functional layer 4 is significantly enhanced, the encapsulation interface stability of the third synergistic functional layer 4 is improved, and finally the effective improvement of the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell is realized.
[0047] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer 1 is combined with the thiourea material through Pb-S bonds and / or Pb-N bonds, the thiourea material is combined with the tin oxide through hydrogen bonds, and the alkoxysilane material is combined with the tin oxide through Si-O-Sn bonds.
[0048] Specifically, the C=S group and the amino group in the thiourea material can be combined with the lead ions in the perovskite layer 1 through Pb-S bonds and / or Pb-N bonds, the amino group of the thiourea material can be combined with the tin oxide through hydrogen bonds as shown by N-H…O-Sn (… represents a hydrogen bond), and the alkoxy group in the alkoxysilane is combined by forming a Si-O-Sn bond with the tin oxide.
[0049] This bonding mode forms a more stable chemical connection between the perovskite layer 1, the first synergistic functional layer 2, the second synergistic functional layer 3, and the third synergistic functional layer 4. It not only further enhances the interface bonding stability between the perovskite layer 1 and the second synergistic functional layer 3, and between the second synergistic functional layer 3 and the third synergistic functional layer 4, but also effectively reduces the interface defects caused by poor interlayer bonding. Such structural optimization ensures the efficiency and continuity of electron transport, thereby ensuring the reliable operation of the battery in a humid and hot environment and reducing the risk of performance degradation caused by unstable interfaces.
[0050] The thickness of the first cooperative functional layer 2, the second cooperative functional layer 3 and the third cooperative functional layer 4 can be designed as 5-10 nm, 15-20 nm and 20 nm or more, respectively. If the first cooperative functional layer 2, the second cooperative functional layer 3 and the third cooperative functional layer 4 are used separately, the above thickness setting can ensure the interface electrical performance, avoid the increase of contact barrier due to the thinning of the film layer, and cause the significant decrease of carrier mobility. For example, when the third cooperative functional layer 4 is used as the encapsulation layer of the solar cell, the thickness thereof is usually set between 100 nm and 300 nm to obtain good encapsulation effect.
[0051] Further, the first cooperative functional layer 2, the second cooperative functional layer 3 and the third cooperative functional layer 4 can be thinned. In some embodiments, the thickness of the first cooperative functional layer 2 is 0.5-1 nm, the thickness of the second cooperative functional layer 3 is 5-10 nm, and the thickness of the third cooperative functional layer 4 is 8-13 nm.
[0052] This is because the close bonding between the cooperative functional layers not only improves the stability of the interface combination, but also optimizes the conduction band gradient of the perovskite layer and the second cooperative functional layer, thereby achieving excellent carrier transport effect. Even if the thickness of the first cooperative functional layer 2, the second cooperative functional layer 3 and the third cooperative functional layer 4 is reduced, the carrier transport performance still maintains at an excellent level. More importantly, the thinned film layer allows more incident light to pass through, and thus the perovskite layer 1 can absorb more light energy, which directly promotes the improvement of the battery photoelectric conversion efficiency. In summary, on the basis of ensuring the normal function of the battery, the application realizes the dual improvement of the carrier transport efficiency and the light energy utilization efficiency by optimizing the film layer thickness, and promotes the significant optimization of the optical performance of the battery.
[0053] In addition, the thickness of the third cooperative functional layer 4 of the application is reduced to 10 nm, which not only ensures good encapsulation effect, but also allows electrons to cross the non-conductive third cooperative functional layer 4 through quantum tunneling effect, reducing the adverse effects of the third cooperative functional layer 4 on carrier transport.
[0054] For example, the thickness of the first cooperative functional layer 2 can be 0.5 nm, 0.6 nm, 0.8 nm or 1 nm, etc., the thickness of the second cooperative functional layer 3 can be 5 nm, 7 nm, 9 nm or 10 nm, etc., and the thickness of the third cooperative functional layer 4 can be 8 nm, 10 nm, 12 nm or 13 nm, etc.
[0055] Further, the thickness of the perovskite layer 1 is 600-1200 nm. For example, the thickness of the perovskite layer 1 can be 600 nm, 700 nm, 780 nm, 860 nm, 1100 nm or 1200 nm, etc.
[0056] In some embodiments, the conduction band level of the perovskite layer 1 is -3.9 eV to -4 eV, and the conduction band level of the second synergistic functional layer 3 is -4.1 eV to -4.2 eV.
[0057] The amino group of the thiourea material can induce an interface dipole effect, and the Sn-O-Si chemical bond is formed between the alkoxysilane material and the tin oxide, and the two synergistically make the interface conduction band level of the surface of the tin oxide layer rise to -4.1 eV to -4.2 eV. In this way, a more continuous gradient is formed between the conduction band level of the second synergistic functional layer 3 and the conduction band level of the perovskite layer 1, significantly reducing the potential barrier when the electrons are injected from the perovskite layer 1 to the second synergistic functional layer 3, and optimizing the electron transport process.
[0058] The thiourea material includes a C=S group and an amino group. In addition, the molecular weight of the thiourea material is less than 130, and it does not contain a long side chain, such as a side chain with a carbon chain length greater than or equal to C3 (propyl or longer), which makes the thiourea material small in size, and is conducive to the effective exertion of its passivation effect and the formation of effective bonding between the thiourea material and the tin oxide layer. Specifically, in some embodiments, the thiourea material includes one or a combination of thiourea or aminothiourea.
[0059] Small-molecule thiourea materials such as thiourea or aminothiourea can achieve better defect passivation of the perovskite layer 1, and form better chemical bonding with tin oxide.
[0060] In some embodiments, the alkoxysilane material is heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (FAS-17).
[0061] By limiting the number of carbon atoms in the fluorine-containing alkyl group, the hydrophobic effect of the material can be effectively improved. When the number of carbon atoms is within a certain range, the fluorine-containing alkyl group can better arrange and function, forming an effective hydrophobic barrier, further enhancing the water and oxygen barrier performance of the battery, better protecting the stable operation of the battery in a humid environment, and reducing the risk of performance degradation caused by water and oxygen intrusion.
[0062] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell further includes a bottom cell 5, and a composite layer 6 and a hole transport layer 7 are sequentially stacked on the bottom cell 5.
[0063] The perovskite layer 1, the first synergistic functional layer 2, the second synergistic functional layer 3, and the third synergistic functional layer 4 are sequentially stacked on the side of the hole transport layer 7 away from the bottom cell 5.
[0064] The third synergistic functional layer 4 further includes a transparent conductive layer 8 and a first electrode 91 on the side away from the bottom cell 5.
[0065] Compared with the way of disposing the alkoxysilane type material as the encapsulation layer above the transparent conductive layer 8, the application is based on the mutual bonding of the first synergic functional layer 2, the second synergic functional layer 3 and the third synergic functional layer 4, and the third synergic functional layer 4 is disposed below the transparent conductive layer 8, which can better improve the encapsulation stability of the third synergic functional layer 4, thereby improving the stability of the entire solar cell.
[0066] Moreover, the thickness of the third synergic functional layer 4 in the application is relatively thin, which is conducive to the transmission of electrons through the non-conductive third synergic functional layer 4 by quantum tunneling effect, ensures the effective transmission of electrons, and reduces the adverse effects that may be caused by the position adjustment of the third synergic functional layer 4.
[0067] Further, the bottom cell 5 can be a textured silicon bottom cell, such as a heterojunction bottom cell, and the pyramid texture structure of the textured silicon bottom cell can effectively reduce the reflection loss and enhance the light absorption efficiency. Exemplarily, the height of the pyramid texture can be 1-3 μm. The textured silicon bottom cell has a second electrode 51 disposed corresponding to the first electrode 91. The first electrode 91 and the second electrode 51 are both made of a metal material with good conductivity, such as silver, copper or zinc, etc. The first electrode 91 and the second electrode 51 are also used for collecting photo-generated carriers, ensuring that the electric charges can be smoothly led out from the solar cell, and promoting the efficient operation of the solar cell.
[0068] The hole transport layer 7 is usually made of NiO x and / or 2PACz, wherein the NiO x layer 71 exists in the form of a thin film layer with a thickness of 10-20 nm, and the 2PACz layer 72 is a monomolecular layer formed by self-assembly. The design of the stacked structure of the NiO x layer 71 and the 2PACz layer 72 can realize the synergistic optimization of energy level matching and carrier transport. The NiO x layer 71 can be prepared by physical vapor deposition, and the 2PACz layer 72 can be prepared by spin coating or slot coating.
[0069] The material of the composite layer 6 and the transparent conductive layer 8 can be any one of indium tin oxide, indium tungsten oxide and indium cadmium oxide, wherein the thickness of the composite layer 6 is 15-30 nm, and the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 8 is 30-70 nm. The composite layer 6 and the transparent conductive layer 8 can be prepared by physical vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering, etc.
[0070] Further, the side of the transparent conductive layer 8 away from the bottom cell 5 is also provided with an anti-reflection layer 92, the material of the anti-reflection layer 92 can be LiF and / or MgF2, and the thickness is 80-130 nm. The anti-reflection layer 92 can be prepared by evaporation.
[0071] In addition to being used in the stacked solar cell with the bottom cell 5, the first synergistic functional layer 2, the second synergistic functional layer 3, and the third synergistic functional layer 4 stack can also be applied to other types of perovskite solar cells. In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell further includes a transparent conductive substrate, and a hole transport layer 7 disposed on the surface of the transparent conductive substrate;
[0072] The perovskite layer 1, the first synergistic functional layer 2, the second synergistic functional layer 3, and the third synergistic functional layer 4 are sequentially stacked on the side of the hole transport layer 7 away from the transparent conductive substrate;
[0073] The third synergistic functional layer 4 further includes a first electrode 91 disposed on the side away from the transparent conductive substrate.
[0074] By using the first synergistic functional layer 2, the second synergistic functional layer 3, and the third synergistic functional layer 4 in the perovskite solar cell of the above structure, the stability of the perovskite solar cell can be effectively improved, and the reliability of the perovskite solar cell in a humid and hot environment can be improved.
[0075] Further, the transparent conductive substrate can be an indium tin oxide conductive glass substrate.
[0076] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell.
[0077] A preparation method of a perovskite solar cell, as mentioned in the first aspect, includes the following steps:
[0078] Preparation of the first synergistic functional layer 2 on the surface of the perovskite layer 1;
[0079] Preparation of the second synergistic functional layer 3 on the surface of the first synergistic functional layer 2;
[0080] Preparation of the third synergistic functional layer 4 on the surface of the second synergistic functional layer 3.
[0081] In this way, the first synergistic functional layer 2, the second synergistic functional layer 3, and the third synergistic functional layer 4 are sequentially prepared on the surface of the perovskite layer 1, which promotes good bonding between the layers and forms excellent chemical bonding, thereby improving the quality and stability of the cell preparation.
[0082] In some embodiments, the process temperature for preparing the first synergistic functional layer 2, the second synergistic functional layer 3, and the third synergistic functional layer 4 is not higher than 150°C.
[0083] By controlling the process temperature of the first cooperative functional layer 2, the second cooperative functional layer 3 and the third cooperative functional layer 4, it is beneficial to form more stable bonding between the first cooperative functional layer 2, the second cooperative functional layer 3 and the third cooperative functional layer 4. At a temperature of 150 DEG C or higher, the chemical properties of each material are relatively stable, and the expected chemical reaction and bonding process can occur better, avoiding problems such as changes in material properties or side reactions caused by high temperature, thereby ensuring that the performance of each cooperative functional layer and the synergistic effect between them are effectively exerted.
[0084] In some embodiments, the first cooperative functional layer 2 is prepared by a solution method, and after the thiourea-based material is spin-coated, annealing is performed at 90 DEG C to 100 DEG C for 10 min to 15 min.
[0085] The second cooperative functional layer 3 is prepared by an atomic layer deposition method, and the temperature is 90 DEG C to 100 DEG C.
[0086] The third cooperative functional layer 4 is prepared by a vapor deposition method, and the pressure is 0.1 Torr and the temperature is 100 DEG C to 120 DEG C.
[0087] By further using differentiated deposition processes for the first cooperative functional layer 2, the second cooperative functional layer 3 and the third cooperative functional layer 4, the characteristics and reaction conditions of each material can be fully met, and the quality and performance of each functional layer can be ensured. For example, by spin coating combined with appropriate annealing treatment, the first cooperative functional layer 2 can make the thiourea-based material uniformly form a film and fully act on the perovskite layer 1; the atomic layer deposition method can accurately control the thickness and quality of the second cooperative functional layer 3 at a low temperature of 100 DEG C, ensuring its electron transport performance, and also forming good chemical bonding between the tin oxide and the thiourea-based material; the vapor deposition method is beneficial to the formation of a dense and uniform hydrophobic layer of the alkoxysilane-based material containing a fluorine-containing alkyl group, and also forms good chemical bonding with the tin oxide. These precise process conditions cooperate with each other to jointly ensure the realization of the excellent performance and stability of the three-layer cooperative functional layer, and produce a synergistic enhancement effect in terms of interface passivation, carrier transport and moisture resistance, ultimately achieving a double breakthrough in the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the moisture and heat stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0088] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module.
[0089] A photovoltaic module includes the perovskite solar cell as mentioned in the first aspect or the perovskite solar cell prepared by the preparation method as mentioned in the second aspect.
[0090] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described below in combination with more specific embodiments.
[0091] Embodiment one
[0092] The embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, and a preparation method of the perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps.
[0093] A heterojunction bottom cell is provided.
[0094] A composite layer is prepared on the surface of the heterojunction bottom cell by a physical vapor deposition method, and the material of the composite layer is indium tin oxide, and the thickness is 15 nm.
[0095] A NiO x layer is deposited on the side, away from the heterojunction bottom cell, of the composite layer by a physical vapor deposition method, and the thickness of the NiO x layer is 15 nm.
[0096] A 2PACz layer is prepared on the side, away from the heterojunction bottom cell, of the hole transport layer by a solution method, and the 2PACz layer is a monomolecular layer.
[0097] A perovskite layer is prepared on the side, away from the heterojunction bottom cell, of the 2PACz layer by a lead iodide skeleton layer combined with a cation solution spin coating process through evaporation:
[0098] PbI2 and CsBr raw materials are co-evaporated in proportion by a multi-source co-evaporation method to prepare a lead iodide skeleton layer, and FAI, FABr and MABr are dissolved in isopropanol in proportion, and are heated and stirred at 60 DEG C to form a cation solution, wherein the concentration of the FAI is 39 mg / mL, the concentration of the FABr is 22 mg / mL, and the concentration of the MABr is 14 mg / mL, and the cation solution is spin coated on the surface of the lead iodide skeleton layer, the spin coating speed is set to 3000 rpm / min, the spin coating time is 30 s, and after spin coating, annealing treatment is performed, the humidity is 30 RH% to 40 RH%, the annealing temperature is 150 DEG C, and the annealing time is 20 min, so that a perovskite layer with a thickness of 700 nm is formed.
[0099] A first synergistic functional layer, a second synergistic functional layer and a third synergistic functional layer are sequentially prepared on the side, away from the heterojunction bottom cell, of the perovskite layer, and the preparation process comprises the following steps.
[0100] An isopropanol solution of thiourea with a concentration of 10 mg / mL is spin coated on the surface of the perovskite layer at a speed of 3000 rpm / min, and annealing treatment is performed at 100 DEG C for 10 min, so that a first synergistic functional layer with a thickness of 0.8 nm is formed.
[0101] Tin oxide is deposited by an atomic layer deposition method at a deposition temperature of 100 DEG C, so that a second synergistic functional layer with a thickness of 7 nm is formed.
[0102] Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane is deposited by a chemical vapor deposition method at a deposition pressure of 0.1 Torr and a deposition temperature of 120 DEG C, so that a third synergistic functional layer with a thickness of 10 nm is formed.
[0103] The third synergic function layer is prepared by magnetron sputtering method, the material of the third synergic function layer is indium tin oxide, and the thickness of the third synergic function layer is 100 nm;
[0104] The first electrode is prepared on the metallized area of the third synergic function layer, the first electrode is a silver electrode, and the thickness of the first electrode is 320 nm;
[0105] The anti-reflection layer is deposited on the non-metallized area of the third synergic function layer by evaporation method, the material of the anti-reflection layer is MgF2, and the thickness of the anti-reflection layer is 100 nm.
[0106] Embodiment two
[0107] The embodiment of the present application provides a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell, which is different from the embodiment one in that the thickness of the first synergic function layer is 0.5 nm, and the rest is the same as the embodiment one.
[0108] Embodiment three
[0109] The embodiment of the present application provides a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell, which is different from the embodiment two in that the thickness of the second synergic function layer is 5 nm, and the rest is the same as the embodiment one.
[0110] Embodiment four
[0111] The embodiment of the present application provides a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell, which is different from the embodiment three in that the thickness of the third synergic function layer is 13 nm, and the rest is the same as the embodiment one.
[0112] Comparative example one
[0113] The embodiment of the present application provides a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell, which is different from the embodiment one in that the first synergic function layer is not arranged, and the rest is the same as the embodiment one.
[0114] Comparative example two
[0115] The embodiment of the present application provides a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell, which is different from the embodiment one in that the material of the second synergic function layer is not tin oxide but C 60 , and the rest is the same as the embodiment one.
[0116] Comparative example three
[0117] The embodiment of the present application provides a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell, which is different from the embodiment one in that the third synergic function layer is not arranged, and the rest is the same as the embodiment one.
[0118] The rest is the same as the embodiment one.
[0119] Comparative example four
[0120] The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell, which is different from the embodiment one in that the position of the third synergistic functional layer is adjusted, so that the third synergistic functional layer is arranged on the surface of the anti-reflection layer away from the heterojunction bottom cell, and the thickness of the third synergistic functional layer is increased to 120 nm, and the rest is the same as the embodiment one.
[0121] Experiment one
[0122] Solar cell performance test
[0123] The performance of the perovskite solar cell is tested by using a Wavelabs solar simulator, and the test conditions are as follows: AM1.5, 1000W / m 2 , and the test environment temperature is 25 DEG C. Before the test, the intensity of the light source simulated by the standard silicon cell is corrected. The open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) test values of the corresponding perovskite solar cell are recorded.
[0124] The test results of the above embodiments and the comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
[0125] Table 1
[0126]
[0127] It can be seen from the comparison of the data of the embodiment one and the comparative example one that the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the embodiment one are all obviously improved compared with those of the comparative example one, which indicates that the use of thiourea as a passivation material between the perovskite layer and the second synergistic functional layer can significantly improve the electrical performance of the solar cell.
[0128] Further, compared with the embodiment one, the second synergistic functional layer material of the comparative example two is replaced by C 60 , and the position of the third synergistic functional layer is changed in the comparative example three (i.e. the thickness is increased to 120 nm to strengthen the packaging). The open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cells obtained from the comparative example two and the comparative example three are all obviously decreased. This proves that the arrangement of the first synergistic functional layer, the second synergistic functional layer and the third synergistic functional layer in a specific order is beneficial to the formation of a mutual bonding structure of the first synergistic functional layer, the second synergistic functional layer and the third synergistic functional layer, thereby ensuring the efficient transmission of the carriers, and finally realizing the excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency as shown in the embodiment one. The replacement of the material of the second synergistic functional layer in the comparative example two and the change of the position of the third synergistic functional layer in the comparative example three both destroy the specific bonding structure, which is not conducive to the efficient transmission of the carriers, resulting in the decrease of the electrical performance of the solar cell.
[0129] The technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail above, and the principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by applying specific examples. The above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the technical solutions and core inventive points of the embodiments of the present application. Meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manners and application ranges can be changed, and on the basis of the above, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.
Claims
1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, The material includes a perovskite layer and a first synergistic functional layer, a second synergistic functional layer, and a third synergistic functional layer sequentially stacked on the surface of the perovskite layer. The first synergistic functional layer includes a thiourea-based material, the second synergistic functional layer includes tin oxide, and the third synergistic functional layer includes a fluorinated alkyl alkoxysilane-based material.
2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite layer is bonded to the thiourea material via Pb-S bonds and / or Pb-N bonds, the thiourea material is bonded to the tin oxide via hydrogen bonds, and the alkoxysilane material is bonded to the tin oxide via Si-O-Sn bonds.
3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the first synergistic functional layer is 0.5nm to 1nm, the thickness of the second synergistic functional layer is 5nm to 10nm, and the thickness of the third synergistic functional layer is 8nm to 13nm.
4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conduction band energy level of the perovskite layer is -3.9eV to -4eV, and the conduction band energy level of the second synergistic functional layer is -4.1eV to -4.2eV.
5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thiourea materials include one or a combination of two of thiourea or aminothiourea; And / or, The alkoxysilane material is heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane.
6. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell also includes a bottom cell, and a composite layer and a hole transport layer stacked sequentially on the bottom cell; The perovskite layer, the first synergistic functional layer, the second synergistic functional layer, and the third synergistic functional layer are stacked sequentially on the side of the hole transport layer away from the bottom cell. The third collaborative functional layer is further provided with a transparent conductive layer and a first electrode on the side opposite to the bottom battery. or, The perovskite solar cell also includes a transparent conductive substrate and a hole transport layer disposed on the surface of the transparent conductive substrate. The perovskite layer, the first synergistic functional layer, the second synergistic functional layer and the third synergistic functional layer are stacked sequentially on the side of the hole transport layer away from the transparent conductive substrate; The third synergistic functional layer also has a first electrode on the side opposite to the transparent conductive substrate.
7. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1-6 includes the following steps: The first synergistic functional layer is prepared on the surface of the perovskite layer; The second synergistic functional layer is prepared on the surface of the first synergistic functional layer; The third synergistic functional layer is prepared on the surface of the second synergistic functional layer.
8. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process temperature for preparing the first synergistic functional layer, the second synergistic functional layer, and the third synergistic functional layer shall not exceed 150°C.
9. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first synergistic functional layer was prepared by solution method, and after spin-coating the thiourea material, it was annealed at 90℃~100℃ for 10min~15min. The second synergistic functional layer was prepared by atomic layer deposition at a deposition temperature of 90℃~100℃. The third synergistic functional layer was prepared by vapor deposition at a temperature of 100℃~120℃.
10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, This includes perovskite solar cells as described in any one of claims 1-6 or perovskite solar cells prepared by the method described in any one of claims 7-9.