Array antenna for reducing grating lobes and cross polarization leakage

Abstract

An array antenna for reducing grating lobes and cross polarization leakage is disclosed. The array antenna includes a plurality of first element units arranged in a first column, each first element unit including two elements having a specific distance that differs from a distance (dy) of one element by a predetermined value; and a plurality of second element units arranged in a second column adjacent to the first column, each second element unit including two elements having the specific distance, the second element units being arranged to be spaced apart from the first element units by a distance (dy) of one element, the first element units and the second element units being alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction, each of the first element unit and the second element unit includes one or more dummy patches configured to have no electrical signal connection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to an array antenna for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission and reception, and more specifically, to an array antenna having a configuration for reducing grating lobes and cross-polarization leakage. Background Technology

[0002] A phased array antenna, or simply an array antenna, is based on the following principle: multiple antenna elements are arranged in one dimension or space, and the phase of each element is electrically controlled by a phase shifter that adjusts the phase of each element. This allows for rapid control of the direction of the synthesized beam and offers various advantages, such as guiding the beam by controlling the phase of the antenna array independently of mechanical drives, thereby achieving reliable, fast, and accurate direction.

[0003] Due to these advantages, in addition to improving the directional speed of radar beams mounted on fighter jets and ships, it has recently been increasingly used as a transmitting and receiving antenna for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) on aircraft and satellites, as well as a relay technology for mobile communications.

[0004] Figure 1 This is a view illustrating the concept of a grating lobe that can appear in an array antenna.

[0005] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 (a) and 1(b) are views showing the beam pattern, i.e., the antenna directivity, in which... Figure 1 (a) shows a normal beam pattern, in which only the main lobe 5 is formed and no grating lobe 6 is present. Figure 1 (b) shows the undesirable beam pattern in which grating lobes 6 are formed on both sides of the main lobe 5.

[0006] When grating lobe 6 appears in the beam pattern, the steering beam outputs in an undesirable direction, thereby reducing the gain of the steering beam that would otherwise output in the desired direction and causing the beam to be emitted in an undesirable direction.

[0007] Figure 2 This is a view illustrating the concepts of MIMO communication and cross-polarization leakage.

[0008] Specifically, Figure 2 This is a view illustrating a 2T2R transmit / receive structure during MIMO transmission and reception, which uses two antennas for each of the transmission and reception processes, theoretically doubling the data throughput compared to single-antenna communication.

[0009] In other words, in MIMO communication using two transmit and receive antennas, the data payload can be split on each of the two antennas and transmitted on the same frequency band, where the isolation between the antennas may be an important performance indicator.

[0010] Figure 2 This illustrates the concept of using orthogonal polarization to separate two transmit and receive antennas. Orthogonal polarization allows a single transmitter to function as two independent antennas.

[0011] However, depending on the circumstances, the signal of the first polarization POL_1 can be mixed with the signal of the second polarization POL_2, and the degree of orthogonal polarization misalignment is called cross-polarization leakage. Summary of the Invention

[0012] This disclosure aims to address at least the problems and / or disadvantages mentioned above, and to provide at least the advantages described below. Therefore, the object of this disclosure is to provide an array antenna having a configuration for reducing grating lobes and cross-polarization leakage.

[0013] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a configuration for analyzing specific causes of cross-polarization leakage and resolving each cause.

[0014] The purpose of this disclosure is not limited to the purposes previously mentioned, and other unmentioned purposes will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains based on the following description.

[0015] In one aspect, the array antenna includes a plurality of first element units arranged in a first column, each of the plurality of first element units including two elements having a specific distance, the specific distance differing from a distance (dy) of one element by a predetermined value; and a plurality of second element units arranged in a second column adjacent to the first column, each of the plurality of second element units including two elements having the specific distance, the plurality of second element units being arranged to be spaced apart from the plurality of first element units by a distance (dy) of one element, the plurality of first element units and the plurality of second element units being arranged alternately and repeatedly in a row direction, wherein each of the first element units and the second element units includes one or more dummy patches configured to have no electrical signal connection.

[0016] Each of the two elements in each of the first and second element units includes one or more dummy patches.

[0017] The dummy patch may include: a first type of dummy patch symmetrically arranged in each of the two elements at a predetermined distance from the patch for antenna connection in the column direction; and a second type of dummy patch symmetrically arranged in the column direction on a per-element basis in each of the first element unit and the second element unit.

[0018] Meanwhile, each of the first and second component units includes: a multilayer board; a first patch disposed in at least one first layer of the multilayer board for electrical signal connection to a first polarized (POL_1) antenna and a second polarized (POL_2) antenna; and staggered vias disposed to connect the first layer to at least one second layer of the multilayer board.

[0019] The one or more dummy patches may include a second patch spaced at a predetermined distance from the first patch.

[0020] The multiple layers may include a core layer located between the first layer and the second layer, and the staggered vias may include a first via formed in the core layer and a second via formed at a predetermined distance from the first via along the layer direction.

[0021] The second patch can be configured such that the difference between the peak value of the waveform of the first polarized antenna observed at the first polarized antenna and the peak value of the waveform of the second polarized antenna is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.

[0022] On the other hand, the array antenna includes a plurality of first element units arranged in a first column, each of the plurality of first element units including two elements; and a plurality of second element units arranged in a second column adjacent to the first column, each of the plurality of second element units including two elements, the plurality of second element units being arranged at a predetermined distance from the plurality of first element units, the plurality of first element units and the plurality of second element units being arranged alternately and repeatedly in the row direction, wherein each of the two elements constituting each of the first element units and the second element units includes: a first patch for antenna connection; a first type of dummy patch symmetrically arranged at a position spaced at a predetermined distance from the first patch in the column direction; and a second type of dummy patch symmetrically arranged in the column direction on a per element unit basis.

[0023] In this case, the predetermined distance may correspond to the distance (dy) of an element; however, this disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, a first distance greater than the distance (dy) of an element by a predetermined offset and a second distance smaller than the distance (dy) of an element by the predetermined offset are alternately applied as the predetermined distance.

[0024] In addition, the two elements constituting each element unit in the first element unit and the second element unit are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by a distance that differs from the distance (dy) of one element by a predetermined value, or are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by the distance of one element.

[0025] In this configuration, each of the first and second element units may include a multilayer board and staggered vias, and the first type of dummy patch may be configured to reduce the crossover waveform between polarized antennas caused by the staggered vias to a predetermined threshold or less. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of this disclosure and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. The drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application to provide a further understanding of this disclosure. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a view illustrating the concept of grating lobes that can appear in an array antenna;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a view illustrating the concepts of MIMO communication and cross-polarization leakage;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a view illustrating the 1x2 subarray structure utilized in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a view illustrating the overall component size offset application structure utilized in embodiments of this disclosure;

[0031] Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is a view illustrating the element-based offset application structure utilized in embodiments of this disclosure;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a view illustrating a structure further including a dummy patch according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 8 and Figure 9 This is a view showing the reason for using staggered vias on a PCB board used for array antennas;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a view illustrating the cause of cross-polarization leakage due to interleaved through-holes;

[0035] Figure 11 This is a view illustrating an antenna structure for preventing cross-polarization leakage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 12 and Figure 13 It is shown in detail Figure 11 A view of the structure of the embodiments described herein;

[0037] Figure 14 and Figure 15 It shows that it includes references Figure 11 A view describing the effect of the structure of the dummy patch;

[0038] Figures 16 to 20 It shows that Figure 7 The proposed embodiments and Figure 11 Structural views combining the proposed embodiments; and

[0039] Figure 21 This is a view illustrating the concept of adjusting the distance between antenna element units according to another embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, enabling those skilled in the art to readily implement the embodiments of this disclosure. However, this disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. For clarity in the accompanying drawings, portions irrelevant to the description have been omitted, and similar portions throughout the specification are designated by similar reference numerals.

[0041] When a component in the specification is described as "including" a component, unless otherwise stated, this means that other components are not excluded but may be further included.

[0042] As described above, one aspect of this disclosure proposes an array antenna with a configuration for reducing grating lobes and cross-polarization leakage. To this end, an array antenna based on 1x2 element units or a subarray that emphasizes azimuth steering functionality will first be described.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a view illustrating the 1x2 subarray structure utilized in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0044] In MIMO communication using array antennas, the beam steering direction can make azimuth steering more important than elevation steering. This is because most communication takes place on similar planes.

[0045] Therefore, it is advantageous for the array antenna to have a 1x2 subarray structure. That is, as... Figure 3 As shown, a component unit 310 may include two components 320a and 320b.

[0046] At the same time, such as Figure 3As shown, in a typical 1x2 subarray structure, the element units 310 in each column can be spaced apart from each other by column. That is, assuming that the distance corresponding to one element size in the column direction is "element distance dy", the element units in the second column can be repeatedly arranged to be spaced apart from the element units in the first column by 0.5*dy.

[0047] Figure 3 The center of element unit 330 arranged in the first column is spaced 0.5dy from the center of element unit 340 arranged in its adjacent second column, and spaced 1.5dy from the center of subsequent element unit 350 arranged in the second column.

[0048] However, in the case of a structure with half-element size offset application, such as Figure 3 As shown, the number of components that can be arranged may be reduced, which may cause the gain of the array antenna to decrease to a certain extent.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a view illustrating the overall component size offset application structure utilized in embodiments of this disclosure.

[0050] Figure 4 The array antenna structure is one in which the center of the first column of element units is offset by dy from the center of the second column of element units, rather than as... Figure 3 The array antenna structure is 0.5*dy.

[0051] Specifically, Figure 4 The center of element unit 410 arranged in the first column is spaced dy apart from the center of element unit 420 arranged in its adjacent second column, and also spaced dy apart from the center of subsequent element unit 430 arranged in the second column.

[0052] When applying overall component size offset, such as Figure 4 As shown, with Figure 3 Unlike other methods, the gain of an array antenna can be increased by preventing a reduction in the number of arrangeable elements. However, a problem arises: the distance between antenna elements arranged in this way changes, thus affecting the reference... Figure 1 The described grating lobes.

[0053] Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is a view illustrating the element-based offset application structure utilized in embodiments of this disclosure.

[0054] Specifically, Figure 5 The array antenna structure shown is similar to Figure 4 The similarity in structure is that the center of the element unit 510 arranged in the first column is spaced dy apart from the center of the element unit 520 arranged in its adjacent second column.

[0055] However, according to Figure 5 The array antenna of the illustrated embodiment utilizes a structure in which two elements 510a and 510b in one element unit 510 are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by a specific distance (i.e., dy+ / - offset), which differs from the distance dy of one element by a predetermined value, thereby preventing grating lobes.

[0056] Grid lobes are a phenomenon that typically occurs when the distance between antenna elements increases. It can be seen that when... Figure 5 As shown, when an offset is applied at the distance between elements in a component unit 510, such as Figure 6 As shown, the number of grating lobes has decreased.

[0057] Specifically, in Figure 6 In the text, reference numeral 610 indicates, as shown Figure 4 The view shown is a performance diagram of a structure in which an offset of a distance dy is applied to each element unit. Reference numeral 620 is an example of such a structure. Figure 5 The view shown illustrates the performance of a structure that applies offsets to the distances between elements in a component cell.

[0058] As described above, it can be seen that the most problematic part of the grating lobe is the grating lobe 630 observed when turning in the elevation direction, and it can also be seen that using... Figure 5 The structure shown applies an offset between elements in the element unit, and the gate lobes are suppressed (640).

[0059] However, as referenced Figure 5 The described embodiment suffers from a problem of partial symmetry deviation due to applying an offset between two elements in the element unit, and this symmetry problem may cause a reference Figure 2 The cross-polarization leakage is described.

[0060] Figure 7 This is a view illustrating a structure further including a dummy patch according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0061] and Figure 5 Compared to the structure, according to Figure 7 The array antenna structure of the illustrated embodiment is configured to further include one or more dummy patches 720a and 720b, which are configured to have no electrical signal connection.

[0062] That is, such as Figure 7As shown, each of the plurality of first element units 730 arranged in the first column includes two elements 750a and 750b, each element having a specific distance from a distance dy of a predetermined value (offset) from a distance of one element. Each of the plurality of second element units 740 arranged in the second column adjacent to the first column may also include two such elements, and the first element units 730 and the second element units 740 may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other by a distance dy of one element.

[0063] The first element unit 730 and the second element unit 740 can be arranged alternately and repeatedly in the row direction.

[0064] Furthermore, this embodiment reduces the occurrence of dummy patches 720a and 720b as described above by proposing further inclusion of such patches. Figure 5 Cross-polarization leakage in the structure of the described embodiment.

[0065] The dummy patches 720a and 720b can be configured for each of the two components in component unit 710, and are preferably configured symmetrically in the row direction in each component unit 710, such as... Figure 7 As shown; however, this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0066] Meanwhile, the dummy patches 720a and 720b prevent cross-polarization leakage due to the use of staggered vias, as will be described later, and due to... Figure 5 The cross-polarization leakage in the element cell shown is due to the application of element offset. This will be described in detail later.

[0067] Figure 8 and Figure 9 This is a view showing the reason for using staggered vias on a PCB board used for array antennas.

[0068] In reference Figures 3 to 5 and Figure 7 In the described array antenna, each element / element unit can be formed on a multilayer PCB. Multilayer boards typically use vias to achieve electrical signal connections between layers. Vias are formed using various methods; in one embodiment of this disclosure, it is assumed that vias are formed using methods such as... Figure 8 The mechanical through-hole 810 and laser through-hole 820 are shown.

[0069] Meanwhile, the multilayer board according to the embodiments of this disclosure includes a core layer 830, such as Figure 8 As shown.

[0070] The core layer 830 is an intermediate layer in a stacked PCB, and adding adjacent PCB layers around the core layer 830 is the most common method because it reduces manufacturing costs. That is, in forming... Figure 8In the multi-layer structure shown, this embodiment proposes to form each layer in the order of core layer 830→L3, L4→L2, L5→…

[0071] Furthermore, it is desirable to ensure sufficient height between the feed line and the transmitter to enable the antenna to achieve transmission efficiency. To ensure open space for the PCB patch antenna, the core layer 830 is typically preferably designed to be thick.

[0072] Meanwhile, the mechanical through-hole 810 is a through-hole that is usually formed by drilling, and can be used when the thickness of the PCB is 0.3t or greater.

[0073] Conversely, the laser via 820 is a via suitable for thin PCBs, and it is preferably used in antenna designs for millimeter waves because the tolerance control is better than that of the mechanical via 810.

[0074] at the same time, Figure 9 This shows a pit 910 formed in a through-hole. The interior of the through-hole is typically filled with copper, such as... Figure 9 As shown, pit 910 may form during the manufacturing process. This can be more severe in thicker layers and may be the cause of formation. Figure 8 The reason for the staggered through holes 840 shown.

[0075] like Figure 8 As shown, staggered vias 840 refer to vias positioned in an staggered manner, rather than vias located in the same position on every PCB layer.

[0076] It is not possible to directly stack the laser via 820 on the mechanical via 810 of the core layer 830, which has a large thickness and therefore a high degree of indentation due to the pit 910.

[0077] Figure 10 This is a view showing the cause of cross-polarization leakage due to interleaved vias.

[0078] For reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 As mentioned above, when forming a multilayer board (PCB) based on the core layer, the staggered via method is required. Figure 10 The diagram shows a structure in which staggered through-holes 1020 are formed at the lower ends of patches 1010a and 1020b for connection between antenna elements of the array antenna.

[0079] Interleaved vias 1020 can cause discontinuities, which may be one of the main causes of cross-polarization leakage.

[0080] Figure 11 This is a view illustrating an antenna structure for preventing cross-polarization leakage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0081] First, refer to Figure 11 As described above, discontinuities arise due to the intersecting vias 1020, which lead to cross-polarization leakage. Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure propose a structure to reduce cross-polarization leakage by adding a dummy patch 1110 without electrical connections.

[0082] like Figure 11 As shown, the dummy patch 1110 is preferably formed to correspond to the planar positions in which the staggered through-holes 1020 are formed. Furthermore, a preferred embodiment of this disclosure proposes that the dummy patches 1110 be formed in pairs, these dummy patches being symmetrical with respect to the patch used for antenna connection on an element-by-element basis to ensure symmetry.

[0083] Figure 12 and Figure 13 It is shown in detail Figure 11 A view of the structure of the embodiments described herein.

[0084] Specifically, Figure 12 (a) is a rear view of the antenna element unit, showing the wiring for the connection between the first polarized antenna POL_1 and the second polarized antenna POL_2, and the configuration for connecting both to the beamforming integrated circuit BFIC.

[0085] Figure 12 (b) is a side view of an antenna element unit, wherein a first layer L1 is connected to an IC, a second layer L12 is connected to an antenna, and a via is formed between the first layer and the second layer.

[0086] Figure 12 (c) is a front view of the antenna element unit, as shown in the reference. Figure 11 The described structure for adding a dummy patch 1110. See reference... Figure 11 As described, the dummy patch 1110 can be positioned symmetrically relative to each of the patches 1010a and 1010b respectively connected to the first polarized antenna POL_1 and the second polarized antenna POL_2 to ensure symmetry.

[0087] Figure 12 An example is shown in which a dummy patch 1110 is added to prevent cross-polarization leakage where there is no electrical connection. The size of the dummy patch 1110 is smaller than the size of each of the patches 1010a and 1010b that are connected to the antenna.

[0088] at the same time, Figure 13 The arrangement of the dummy patch 1110 in a multilayer is illustrated by way of example.

[0089] exist Figure 13In the example, patches 1010a and 1010b for electrical signal connection with the antenna are disposed in a first layer 07F, which can be connected to one or more other second layers 01F / 02F via staggered vias 1020.

[0090] To prevent cross-polarization leakage caused by the staggered vias 1020, dummy patches 1110 can be formed at the upper end of the staggered vias 1020 and at each symmetrical position in the antenna connection patches 1010a and 1010b. Figure 13 The example shows a dummy patch 1110 set in the third layer 11F.

[0091] Figure 14 and Figure 15 It shows that it includes references Figure 11 A view describing the effect of the structure of the dummy patch.

[0092] first, Figure 14 Showing when reference is not included Figure 11 The waveform described when the dummy patch is applied, and Figure 15 Showing when references are included Figure 11 The waveform described is shown when the dummy patch is used. An 8x8 array antenna is used in both cases.

[0093] like Figure 14 As shown, when the dummy patch is not used, there is an 18dB deviation between the peak value of the matched polarization waveform and the peak value of the cross-polarization waveform; while as Figure 15 As shown, when using a dummy patch, there is a 32dB deviation between the peak value of the matched polarization waveform and the peak value of the cross-polarization waveform, indicating that... Figure 11 The dummy patch structure is effective in preventing cross-polarization leakage.

[0094] Figures 16 to 20 It shows that Figure 7 The proposed embodiments and Figure 11 A structural view combining the proposed embodiments.

[0095] Specifically, Figure 16 (a) illustrates an antenna element unit comprising two antenna elements, including dummy patches 1010a and 1010b, configured to prevent cross-polarization leakage due to staggered vias, such as Figure 11 The proposed implementation examples.

[0096] The waveform when using this structure is Figure 17 As shown, it can have the effect of increasing the difference between the matched polarization waveform and the cross-polarization waveform by 32.1 dB.

[0097] Next, Figure 16(b) shows a structure in which the distance between two elements in an antenna element unit is reduced by an offset to reduce grating lobes, as shown in the reference. Figure 5 As described.

[0098] Therefore, refer to Figure 6 As mentioned above, the grating lobes can be suppressed, but they have drawbacks, such as... Figure 18 As shown, the difference between the matched polarization waveform and the cross-polarization waveform is reduced to 28.4 dB.

[0099] at last, Figure 16 (c) A structure further including dummy patches 1610a and 1610b is shown to prevent cross-polarization leakage caused by compromised symmetry due to a shift in the distance between components in the element cell, as... Figure 7 The embodiments proposed in the text.

[0100] That is, in Figure 16 In the final structure of (c), each element may include two types of dummy patches 1010a and 1610a. The first type of dummy patch 1010a is a dummy patch used to reduce the effects caused by staggered vias and may be symmetrical with respect to the patch used for antenna connections. Additionally, the second type of dummy patch 1610a is a dummy patch used to reduce the effects of applying offsets to the distance between elements in the element unit and may be arranged symmetrically with respect to each other on a daily antenna element unit basis, such as... Figure 16 As shown in (c).

[0101] The first type patch 1010a and the second type patch 1610a can be formed to have the same dimensions to simplify manufacturing, but if necessary, the second type patch 1610a can be repeatedly arranged to be located in the same height direction, such as... Figure 16 As shown in (c).

[0102] Figure 19 shows the waveforms when using this structure, and it can be seen that the difference between the matched polarization waveform and the cross-polarization waveform increases to 37.7 dB.

[0103] at the same time, Figure 20 Is it confirmed to be used? Figure 16 (c) is a view of whether the grid lobes appear in the structure.

[0104] when Figure 6 In comparison, it can be seen that the grid lobes in the elevation direction are suppressed, such as Figure 6 As shown, azimuth steering performance has been further improved.

[0105] Meanwhile, the above embodiments can be implemented in different ways. Figure 16 (c) Combination method.

[0106] Figure 21This is a view illustrating the concept of adjusting the distance between antenna element units according to another embodiment of this disclosure.

[0107] Figure 21 An example is shown where 0.8dy and 1.2dy are alternately applied in the column direction as the distance between the center of the element cell arranged in the first column and the center of the element cell arranged in the second column.

[0108] Additionally, the distance between two elements included in a single element unit can be set to a distance dy corresponding to one element.

[0109] As is apparent from the above description, an array antenna that reduces both grating lobe and cross-polarization leakage can be implemented according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0110] The effects of this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the above description.

[0111] The array antennas for reducing grating lobe and cross-polarization leakage according to embodiments of the present disclosure as described above can be used in 5G and next-generation 6G communications as well as various other types of communications that require beamforming.

[0112] The detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure disclosed above has been provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement and practice the present disclosure. Although the above description has been provided with reference to preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, those skilled in the art can combine the configurations described in the above embodiments.

[0113] Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments disclosed herein, but rather to be given the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An array antenna, comprising: A plurality of first element units are arranged in a first column, each of the plurality of first element units comprising two elements having a specific distance, the specific distance being a predetermined value different from the distance (dy) of one element; as well as A plurality of second element units are arranged in a second column adjacent to the first column, each of the plurality of second element units comprising two elements having the specified distance, the plurality of second element units being arranged to be spaced apart from the plurality of first element units by a distance (dy) of one element. The plurality of first element units and the plurality of second element units are arranged alternately and repeatedly in the row direction, wherein Each of the first and second element units includes one or more dummy patches configured to have no electrical signal connection.

2. The array antenna according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the two elements in each of the first and second element units includes one or more dummy patches.

3. The array antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The dummy patch includes: A first type of dummy patch is symmetrically arranged in each of the two elements at a predetermined distance from the patch used for antenna connection in the column direction; and A second type of dummy patch is arranged symmetrically in the column direction on a per-element basis in each element unit of the first element unit and the second element unit.

4. The array antenna according to claim 1, wherein, Each element unit in the first element unit and the second element unit includes: Multilayer board; A first patch, disposed in at least one first layer of the multilayer board, is used for electrical signal connection to a first polarized (POL_1) antenna and a second polarized (POL_2) antenna; and Interleaved through-holes are arranged to connect the first layer to at least one second layer of the multilayer board.

5. The array antenna according to claim 4, wherein, The one or more dummy patches include a second patch spaced at a predetermined distance from the first patch.

6. The array antenna according to claim 4, wherein Multiple layers include a core layer located between the first and second layers, and The staggered through holes include: A first through-hole is formed in the core layer; and A second through hole is formed at a predetermined distance from the first through hole along the layer direction.

7. The array antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The second patch is configured such that the difference between the peak waveform of the first polarized antenna and the peak waveform of the second polarized antenna observed at the first polarized antenna is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.

8. An array antenna, comprising: A plurality of first element units arranged in a first column, each of the plurality of first element units comprising two elements; as well as A plurality of second element units are arranged in a second column adjacent to the first column, each of the plurality of second element units comprising two elements, the plurality of second element units being arranged at a predetermined distance from the plurality of first element units. The plurality of first element units and the plurality of second element units are arranged alternately and repeatedly in the row direction, wherein Each of the two elements constituting each element unit in the first element unit and the second element unit includes: The first patch used for antenna connection; A first type of dummy patch symmetrically arranged at positions spaced a predetermined distance from the first patch in the column direction; and A second type of dummy patch is arranged symmetrically in the column direction based on each element unit.

9. The array antenna according to claim 8, wherein, The predetermined distance corresponds to the distance (dy) of an element.

10. The array antenna according to claim 8, wherein, A first distance greater than the distance (dy) of an element by a predetermined offset and a second distance less than the distance (dy) of an element by the predetermined offset are alternately applied as the predetermined distance.

11. The array antenna according to claim 8, wherein, Two elements constituting each of the first and second element units are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, which differs from the distance (dy) of one element.

12. The array antenna according to claim 8, wherein, The two elements constituting each element unit in the first element unit and the second element unit are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by a distance of one element.

13. The array antenna according to claim 8, wherein, Each element unit in the first and second element units includes a multilayer board and staggered vias.

14. The array antenna according to claim 13, wherein, The first type of dummy patch is configured to reduce the cross waveform between polarized antennas caused by staggered vias to a predetermined threshold or less.

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