Point load and compression testing device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a point load and compression testing device and method. The invention provides a device for a point load and compression test and a method for carrying out the point load and / or compression test by using the device. The device comprises; a first plate; a reconfigurable second plate having a first configuration 5 and a second configuration wherein the spacing between the first plate and the second plate is adjustable; a test region between the first plate and the second plate; the centering mechanism is used for placing the sample in the center of the test area; wherein the first plate and the second plate are arranged, in use, such that when the spacing between the first plate and the second plate is adjusted to reduce the spacing, the compression test is performed if the second plate is in the first configuration; if the second plate is in the second configuration, a point load test is performed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an apparatus for performing point load and compression tests. Background Technology

[0002] Mineral wool, also commonly known as rock wool, mineral fiber, mineral wool, or man-made glass fiber (MMVF), can be manufactured using a variety of different technologies. It can also be processed in many ways and made into a wide range of products. This means that evaluating the performance of mineral wool is crucial to ensure it meets expectations and quality control standards.

[0003] Some techniques used to evaluate mineral wool are destructive and can cause permanent damage to the product, while others are non-destructive. Destructive techniques include analytical methods that involve destructive testing of the product or require sampling from the product for testing. In contrast, non-destructive techniques do not damage the product.

[0004] Traditional mineral wool testing techniques require significant input from human operators, such as production line operators. The standard method involves a human operator manually removing products or samples from the production line and placing them on a machine that requires testing specific parameters. This is typically located in a laboratory, separate from the production line. Furthermore, multiple machines are needed to perform different tests on the mineral wool to evaluate all relevant parameters.

[0005] Using separate machines to perform various tests on mineral wool is inefficient. Testing mineral wool also requires a significant time investment from operators. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce operator involvement and improve the efficiency of the testing process. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A first aspect of the invention provides an apparatus for point load and compression testing, the apparatus comprising: a first plate; and a reconfigurable second plate having a first configuration and a second configuration. The interval between the first plate and the second plate is adjustable. The apparatus further comprises: a test region located between the first plate and the second plate; and a centering mechanism for centering a sample within the test region. The first plate and the second plate are arranged in use such that when the interval between the first plate and the second plate is adjusted to reduce the interval, a compression test is performed if the second plate is in the first configuration; and a point load test is performed if the second plate is in the second configuration.

[0007] Advantageously, the device can perform point load and compression tests by reconfiguring the second plate. These tests are well known to those skilled in the art. However, as described below, the device goes beyond this, allowing these tests to be performed using a reconfigurable plate, thereby enabling easy switching between the two test types.

[0008] When the gap between the first and second plates is adjusted to reduce the gap, the first and second plates apply forces to the sample when they come into contact with it. Point load testing typically involves compressing the sample between the plate and the stamp or boss to measure the point load strength, point load elasticity, and / or deformation at a critical point. The performance of the test sample can be determined by applying a gradually increasing force to a region of the sample and measuring the resulting deformation. Compression testing typically involves compressing the sample between two plates to measure the deformation at a critical point, critical compressive strength, maximum compressive strength, compressive stress at 10% deformation, compressive stress at the end of the normal elastic zone, compressive elasticity, relative deformation at maximum force, and / or initial deformation. The performance of the test sample can be determined by applying a gradually increasing force to the sample and measuring the resulting deformation.

[0009] The reconfigurable second plate allows for the use of the same device to perform two types of tests as needed. Therefore, the device is advantageously more efficient, occupies less space, and is simpler to operate. Operation is also simplified due to reduced infrastructure requirements for sample movement within the laboratory. Furthermore, this device is advantageously easy to automate, thereby reducing the need for manual intervention by operators.

[0010] The reconfigurable second plate advantageously provides enhanced flexibility because it can be arranged in either a first or second configuration according to testing requirements. Arranging the second plate in the first configuration allows for compression testing; arranging it in the second configuration allows for point load testing. Both tests are preferably performed on the sample by reducing the gap between the first and second plates while the sample is in the test area to apply force to the sample. Optionally, the position of the first plate can be adjusted, while the position of the second plate can be fixed, such that the gap between the first and second plates can be adjusted by moving the first plate. Alternatively, the position of the first plate can be fixed, while the position of the second plate can be adjustable; or both the positions of the first and second plates can be adjustable.

[0011] Preferably, the first and second plates are substantially parallel. Advantageously, this ensures that uniform pressure is applied to the sample by the first plate during testing. Preferably, the first and second plates are axially separated along a first axis substantially perpendicular to the planes of the first and second plates. Optionally, the first plate can be flexibly connected to the device. In this case, the first axis is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the second plate. Typically, the first plate is aligned with the sample during testing, and therefore is generally substantially parallel to the second plate during testing. Typically, the gap between the first and second plates is adjustable along the first axis. Therefore, adjusting the gap between the first and second plates typically involves moving one or both plates along the first axis.

[0012] Preferably, for point load or compression testing, the gap between the first and second plates is reduced to be less than or equal to the height of the sample, which is measured along a first axis. Therefore, during the test, both the first and second plates are typically in contact with the sample being tested. By setting the plate gap to be less than or equal to the height of the sample, a force can be applied to the sample. Optionally, the gap can be further reduced during the test until the sample is destroyed. Optionally, the gap can be further reduced at a constant rate. This is advantageous in providing more information about the sample. Alternatively, the test can be terminated before the sample is destroyed by increasing the gap between the first and second plates. Advantageously, this allows the sample to undergo further testing. Preferably, after the test, the gap between the first and second plates is increased to be greater than the height of the sample. This allows the sample to be removed from the apparatus.

[0013] The apparatus includes a test area located between a first plate and a second plate. A centering mechanism is used to center the sample within the test area. Typically, the area of ​​the test area, measured in a first plane parallel to the plane of the first and / or second plates, may be larger than the area of ​​the first and / or second plates. Typically, the centering mechanism is used to maneuver the sample to the central test area within the test area. The central test area may be approximately located at the center of the test area. Typically, the area of ​​the central test area, measured in the first plane, may be approximately the same as the area of ​​the first and / or second plates. After testing the sample, the centering mechanism can also be used to maneuver the sample away from the central test area, preferably away from the test area. Advantageously, the centering mechanism provides repeatability in placing the sample in the correct position within the test area.

[0014] Typically, a centering mechanism may comprise one or more plates. These plates are generally used to push and manipulate the sample. Advantageously, this provides a centering mechanism that is easy to manufacture and implement. Preferably, the centering plates are generally parallel to the sides of the sample. This advantageously avoids damage to the sample by the centering plates. Preferably, two or more plates are used. This advantageously improves the accuracy of centering and reduces the risk of sample deformation due to the centering mechanism. Preferably, when two or more plates are used, these plates are arranged generally evenly around the test area. This advantageously increases the flexibility of the device, as the sample can be centered from a wider range of positions within the test area.

[0015] Typically, the movement of the centering mechanism plate is achieved using actuators, such as hydraulic actuators, pneumatic actuators, electric actuators, electromechanical actuators, electrohydraulic actuators, mechanical actuators, thermal actuators, or magnetic actuators. Advantageously, using actuators increases automation and is easy to implement. Optionally, each actuator can be configured to pre-configure the desired final position according to the sample size to center the sample within the test area. Advantageously, because the centering mechanism does not require reliance on sample position feedback, this simplifies operation. Therefore, in this case, there is no need to monitor the final position of the sample. Preferably, the actuator is a pneumatic actuator. For example, each plate can have a corresponding pneumatic actuator for moving that plate. The plates and pneumatic actuators of the centering mechanism can be referred to as centering pneumatic clamps. Advantageously, pneumatic actuators have fast response times, require only small pressure changes, and are inexpensive.

[0016] Preferably, each centering mechanism plate can move along a straight path. Advantageously, this simplifies operation, reduces the risk of operational errors, and decreases the frequency of maintenance required compared to more complex paths.

[0017] Alternatively, the plates of the centering mechanism can be generally flat plates. These plates can be placed generally parallel to the sides of the sample and generally perpendicular to the first and second plates. Advantageously, flat plates are easy to manufacture.

[0018] Preferably, the centering mechanism comprises one or more right-angle plates. These plates can be placed generally parallel to the sides of the sample and generally perpendicular to the first and second plates. When the plates are right-angled or "V"-shaped, they are typically configured to align with the upright angle of the sample during use, i.e., with the edge oriented generally perpendicular to the plane of the first and second plates. Advantageously, this alignment improves the accuracy of centering and reduces the likelihood of sample deformation due to the centering mechanism.

[0019] Preferably, the centering mechanism is arranged to center the sample within the test area by moving one or more plates inward to push the sample toward the center. Once the sample is centered, the centering mechanism is preferably arranged to remove one or more plates from the test area. Advantageously, this ensures that the plates of the centering mechanism do not interfere with the test.

[0020] Optionally, the centering mechanism can also be configured to remove the sample from the test area. Advantageously, this allows the sample to be removed from the test area after testing. The sample can then be moved to another test setup or placed in the waste stream.

[0021] Alternatively, the apparatus may include a removal mechanism consisting of one or more plates. The plates of the removal mechanism are preferably configured to remove the sample from the test area. Advantageously, by using a removal mechanism instead of a centering mechanism to remove the sample, both the removal and centering mechanisms can be manufactured in a simpler manner because the required paths are simpler.

[0022] Typically, the apparatus may also include a conveying mechanism for moving samples toward and away from the test area. Preferably, the conveying mechanism is used to deliver the sample to a position within the test area where a centralizing mechanism can reach and manipulate the sample. Preferably, the centralizing mechanism is capable of moving the sample far enough that the conveying mechanism can receive the sample, thereby removing it from the test area. Advantageously, the use of a conveying mechanism further enhances automation because no user input is required to place the sample in the test area.

[0023] Alternatively, the conveying mechanism can be a belt conveyor. Belt conveyors are widely used and therefore offer several advantages, including ease of access and good integration with other parts of the equipment. This further reduces the need for user input, thus facilitating better automation.

[0024] Optionally, the conveying mechanism for transporting the sample toward the test area may include a weighing sensor for measuring the sample weight. Advantageously, the measured sample weight can be used for calculations related to the sample.

[0025] Preferably, the device further includes a control unit configured to: arrange the second board in the first or second configuration; and reduce the spacing between the first and second boards to perform point load testing or compression testing depending on the configuration of the second board. Advantageously, the use of the control unit further enhances automation because no user input is required to configure the reconfigurable second board or to perform testing.

[0026] Preferably, the apparatus further includes a measuring unit configured to measure the deformation of the sample in response to an applied force. Optionally, the measuring unit may also be configured to measure the force applied to the sample. Advantageously, this enables the quantification of the mass of the sample being tested.

[0027] Typically, the device may also include a frame that supports the first and second plates. Advantageously, the frame allows the device to be independent. The frame may be a hollow rectangular frame. Optionally, the first plate may be movably attached to the opposite side of the frame, allowing the first plate to move in accordance with the frame. This provides guidance for the first plate, which advantageously ensures that the movement of the first plate is controlled.

[0028] Optionally, the second plate may be fixedly attached to the frame. Alternatively, the second plate may be movably attached to the opposite side of the frame, while the first plate may be fixedly attached to the frame, or both plates may be movably attached to the opposite sides of the frame. Advantageously, the frame supports and guides the movement of the first plate and / or the second plate along a first axis, wherein the first axis is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the first and second plates.

[0029] Alternatively, if the apparatus includes a delivery mechanism, the frame can be positioned such that the delivery mechanism can deliver the sample to the test area. For example, the test area can be positioned along the edge of the frame.

[0030] The test area is preferably configured to receive the sample before it is centered within the test area. Typically, the sample is taken from a fiber-based product, which may include man-made glass fiber (MMVF).

[0031] The test area is located between the first and second plates. Preferably, in the first configuration, the perimeter of the second plate matches the perimeter of the first plate. This arrangement is suitable for compression testing.

[0032] Preferably, the perimeter of the sample matches the perimeter of the first plate. Similarly, this arrangement is advantageous because it is suitable for compression testing. Preferably, the perimeter of the sample matches the perimeter of the second plate in the first configuration.

[0033] The cross-sectional area of ​​a typical sample is 300 mm x 300 mm, measured in a plane parallel to the planes of the first and second plates. Variations in each dimension can be ±10 mm. The thickness or height of the sample (measured perpendicular to the plane of the first and second plates) typically varies depending on the product being manufactured and tested, and is the same as the thickness of that product. Optionally, the first plate can be 300 mm x 300 mm. Advantageously, this provides a suitable area for testing MMVF-based samples of the same size. Optionally, with similar advantages, the second plate is at least 300 mm x 300 mm (in the first configuration). For samples with other dimensions, the dimensions of the first and second plates typically roughly match the dimensions of the sample. Typically, a first surface of the sample is configured to contact the first plate, and a portion of the second surface of the sample is configured to contact the second plate. The second surface is preferably substantially parallel to and opposite the first surface.

[0034] Preferably, the second plate comprises multiple portions. Preferably, the second plate comprises one or more side portions and stamped portions located between the side portions. For example, the second plate may include a single side portion configured to completely or partially surround the stamped portion in a first configuration, i.e., located between the side portions. Preferably, the second plate comprises two or more side portions. Optionally, each side portion is configured to partially surround the stamped portion in a first configuration. Preferably, the stamped portion is substantially centered within the second plate. Optionally, the stamped portion may be substantially cylindrical. The diameter of the stamped portion may be less than 100 mm, preferably less than 80 mm.

[0035] Advantageously, the separate portions of the second plate allow its effective shape to be modified as needed. For example, one or more side portions can typically be separated from the stamped portion, such that the effective shape of the second plate in the test area is exactly the shape of the stamped portion. The stamped portion can form a boss, stamp, or protrusion. Advantageously, the shape of the stamped portion is suitable for use in point load tests.

[0036] Preferably, in the first configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the second plate are abutted; in the second configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the second plate are separated. The edges of adjacent portions of the second plate are formed between the surface of the portion and the side surface of the portion.

[0037] Preferably, one or more side portions of the second plate are removed from the central test area when the edges of adjacent portions of the second plate separate. Typically, removing the side portions of the second plate from the central test area means that the side portions of the second plate will not contact the sample during testing. Therefore, when one or more side portions of the second plate are removed from the central test area, the effective shape of the second plate in the central test area is precisely the shape of the stamped portion. Advantageously, this means that the device is fully configurable for performing compression tests or point load tests, and when the device is arranged for performing point load tests, it is not affected by the plate used for compression tests. Advantageously, since one or more side portions can be completely removed from the central test area, the effective shape of the second plate in the central test area is solely the stamped portion. Typically, one or more side portions can be located near the central test area and supported by the device. Optionally, the position of one or more side portions in the second configuration can be within a test area larger than the central test area. This advantageously simplifies the process of returning one or more side portions to the central test area for the first configuration, in which the side portions are located within the central test area. For example, for the first and second configurations, an automatic control mechanism can be used to control the side sections to enter and exit the central test area respectively.

[0038] Optionally, the position of one or more side portions of the second plate can be adjusted laterally within the plane of the second plate, allowing one or more side portions to move laterally. Thus, in the second configuration, one or more side portions of the second plate can be laterally separated from the stamping portion. In this case, since one or more side portions do not contact the stamping portion in the second configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the second plate are separated in the second configuration. The term "lateral" is used to indicate a direction within the plane of the second plate and may not be horizontal. The actual direction depends on the orientation of the device. Advantageously, by laterally adjusting one or more side portions, a robust base can be placed under the second plate to support it when large forces are applied during testing.

[0039] Alternatively, the position of one or more side portions of the second plate can be adjusted vertically relative to the plane of the second plate, allowing for vertical movement of the side portions. For example, one or more side portions can be removed from below the sample location so that they do not contact the sample during testing. The term "vertical" is used to indicate a direction perpendicular to the plane of the second plate and may not be vertical. The actual direction depends on the orientation of the apparatus.

[0040] Typically, when one or more side portions of the second plate move vertically, these side portions move in a direction further away from the first plate than the stamped portion, such that the effective shape of the plate within the test area is defined by the stamped portion. Alternatively, the one or more side portions can remain fixed, while the stamped portion can move in a direction toward the first plate. Both options can be advantageously used for point load testing of a sample compressed between the stamped portions of the first and second plates when the second plate is in a second configuration.

[0041] Advantageously, movement of one or more side portions away from the test area provides a first effective shape of the second plate in the test area in the first configuration, and a second effective shape of the second plate in the test area in the second configuration. The first configuration typically provides the first effective shape, which is approximately equivalent to the joined plates, and is therefore suitable for compression testing. The second configuration typically provides the second effective shape, which is approximately equivalent to a stamp, boss, or protrusion, and is therefore suitable for point load testing. Advantageously, movement of the plate portions relative to each other changes the shape of the second plate in the test area.

[0042] Therefore, in the second configuration, one or more side portions of the second plate can be vertically offset from the stamping portion. In this case, one or more side portions may (a) vertically overlap with the stamping portion, or (b) vertically separate from the stamping portion. When one or more side portions vertically overlap with the stamping portion in the second configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the second plate will be vertically separated even if the sides of adjacent portions of the second plate are in partial contact. When one or more side portions are vertically separated from the stamping portion in the second configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the second plate are separated because one or more side portions are not in contact with the stamping portion in the second configuration.

[0043] Typically, movement of the portions within one or more side sections can be achieved using one or more actuators, such as hydraulic actuators, pneumatic actuators, electric actuators, electromechanical actuators, electrohydraulic actuators, mechanical actuators, thermal actuators, or magnetic actuators. Advantageously, using actuators increases automation and is easy to implement. Preferably, the actuator is a pneumatic actuator. For example, each side section may have a corresponding pneumatic actuator for moving that section.

[0044] One or more pneumatic actuators may optionally provide movement within the plane of the second plate. Alternatively, one or more pneumatic actuators may provide movement perpendicular to the plane of the second plate. Preferably, the range of movement provided by the pneumatic actuators allows one or more side portions to be completely removed from the test area in the second configuration and to contact the stamped portion in the first configuration. Advantageously, the second plate can be easily and automatically reconfigured between the first and second configurations using actuators.

[0045] One or more side sections typically move along a path, the direction and length of which can be pre-configured. This facilitates further automation as no additional monitoring is required (although monitoring may help identify any issues such as mechanical problems). The pre-configuration of the path direction and length can be accomplished before the device is used during setup, by determining the relative positions of one or more side sections in a first and second configuration. This can advantageously ensure that the side sections can move far enough in the second configuration, when tested with the second plate, to avoid interfering with the sample in the test area, and to ensure that the side sections and the stamping section are continuous in the first configuration, i.e., in contact to form a continuous surface.

[0046] Preferably, the movement of each of the one or more side portions can be achieved by using two or more actuators (preferably pneumatic actuators).

[0047] Alternatively, when one or more side portions are fixed, one or more actuators (preferably pneumatic actuators) can be used to move the stamped portion.

[0048] A second aspect of the invention provides a plate for use in the test area of ​​a point load and compression testing apparatus. The plate includes a stamped portion and one or more side portions separable from the stamped portion, wherein the plate has a first configuration and a second configuration, in the first configuration the edges of adjacent portions of the plate are abutted; in the second configuration the edges of adjacent portions of the plate are separated such that only the stamped portion is located within the test area.

[0049] For example, the plate may include a side portion configured to completely or partially surround the stamped portion in a first configuration, i.e., the stamped portion is located between the side portions. Preferably, the plate includes two or more side portions. Optionally, each side portion is configured to partially surround the stamped portion in a first configuration. Preferably, the stamped portion is substantially centered within the plate. Optionally, the stamped portion may be substantially cylindrical. Preferably, the circular cross-section of the stamped portion is 5000 square millimeters (mm). 2 ), with a diameter of 79.8 mm.

[0050] Advantageously, the separation of the plate allows the effective shape of the plate to be modified as needed. One or more side portions can be separated from the stamping portion, such that the effective shape of the plate in the test area is exactly the shape of the stamping portion. The stamping portion can form a boss, stamp, or protrusion. Advantageously, the shape of the stamping portion is suitable for point load testing, in which generally parallel opposing plates are brought close to the stamping portion to compress the sample in the test area between the stamping portion and the opposing plates.

[0051] Alternatively, in the first configuration, the portions of the plate can be continuous, i.e., the sides of these portions can contact each other to form a continuous surface. Advantageously, this forms a generally flat plate suitable for compression testing, in which generally parallel opposing plates are brought close together with a second plate to compress the sample held in the test area between the stamped portion and the opposing plates.

[0052] In the first configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the plate are adjacent; in the second configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the plate are separated, such that only the stamped portion is located within the test area. The edges of adjacent portions of the plate are preferably the top edges of that portion of the plate, located at the junction between the top and side surfaces of that portion of the plate.

[0053] When the edges of adjacent portions of the plate are separated, only the stamped portion is within the test area, meaning that one or more side portions of the plate are removed from the test area. When one or more side portions of the plate are removed from the test area, the effective shape of the plate within the test area is precisely the shape of the stamped portion. Advantageously, this means that the plate can be adjusted to be suitable for use with a suitable testing apparatus for compression or point load testing. When the plate is arranged to be suitable for point load testing, i.e., when the plate is in the second configuration, the test area is unaffected by the one or more side portions used for compression testing in conjunction with the stamped portion. Advantageously, the effective shape of the plate in the test area for both point load and compression testing apparatuses is precisely the stamped portion because one or more side portions can be completely removed from the test area.

[0054] Alternatively, for the second configuration, the position of one or more side portions of the plate can be adjusted within the plane of the plate so that the one or more side portions can be removed from the stamping portion in the same plane. In this case, since the one or more side portions do not contact the stamping portion in the second configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the plate are separated in the second configuration.

[0055] Alternatively, the position of one or more side portions of the plate can be adjusted perpendicular to the plane of the plate, such that, for the second configuration, one or more side portions can be removed from the plane from the stamping portion. For example, one or more side portions can be removed from the test area so that, during testing, one or more side portions do not come into contact with the sample.

[0056] In the second configuration, one or more side portions of the sheet may be offset from the stamping portion. In this case, one or more side portions may (a) overlap with the stamping portion, or (b) be completely separated from the stamping portion. When one or more side portions overlap with the stamping portion in the second configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the sheet will be axially separated along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the sheet, even if the side portions of adjacent portions of the sheet are in contact. When one or more side portions are completely separated from the stamping portion in the second configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the sheet will be separated because one or more side portions are not in contact with the stamping portion in the second configuration.

[0057] The plate according to the second aspect of the invention is suitable for use as a second plate in an apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention. The preferred features and related advantages described with respect to the second plate of the apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention also apply to the plate according to the second aspect of the invention.

[0058] A third aspect of the invention provides a method for performing point load and / or compression tests using an apparatus according to a first aspect of the invention. The method includes: centering a sample within a test area using a centering mechanism; determining whether to perform a point load test or a compression test based on one or more input parameters; arranging a second plate in a first or second configuration based on the determined test; and performing the determined test by reducing the spacing between the first and second plates.

[0059] Advantageously, this method can be used to perform compression tests or point load tests by arranging the second plate in either the first or second configuration. The automation of the method is enhanced by advantageously selecting the relevant test based on one or more input parameters.

[0060] Preferably, the determined test is performed by reducing the gap between the first and second plates, comprising the first step of reducing the gap until a preload force F0 is applied to the sample. Typically, for point load tests, the preload force is between 2.0 and 3.0 Newtons (N), preferably between 2.25 and 2.75 N. This corresponds to a pressure between 400 and 600 Pascals (Pa), preferably between 450 and 550 Pa. Typically, for compression tests, the preload force is equivalent to a pressure of approximately 250 Pa.

[0061] Preferably, the determined test includes a second step: determining the height or thickness d of the sample measured along an axis perpendicular to the second plate. This step is typically performed while the sample is under preload.

[0062] Preferably, the determined test includes a third step: decreasing the interval at a constant rate to increase the force applied to the sample. For point load tests, the constant rate can be between 40 mm / min and 60 mm / min, preferably between 45 mm / min and 55 mm / min. For compression tests, the constant rate can be related to the thickness d being measured. For example, the constant rate for a compression test can be d / 10 mm / min ± 25%.

[0063] Preferably, during the determined test steps, a force / deformation curve or load-deformation curve is recorded using a measuring unit. This curve can be advantageously used to calculate parameters that can be used to evaluate sample quality. For compression tests, the test can be stopped when the compressive load exceeds 20% of the measured deformation of the original thickness d.

[0064] Typically, the control unit can be used to perform the steps of arranging the second board in the first or second configuration based on the determined test and to perform the determined test by reducing the interval between the first and second boards.

[0065] Optionally, the method includes: centering a first sample within a test area using a centering mechanism; determining that a compression test is to be performed; accordingly arranging a second plate in a first configuration; performing the compression test by decreasing the gap between the first and second plates; increasing the gap between the first and second plates; centering the second sample within the test area using the centering mechanism; determining that a point load test is to be performed; accordingly arranging the second plate in a second configuration; and performing the point load test by decreasing the gap between the first and second plates. Advantageously, this method can be used to automatically perform the required tests on the sample.

[0066] Typically, the method may also include the following steps: receiving the sample into the test area before centering the sample within the test area using a centering mechanism. The sample may be taken from a fiber-based product and may include, for example, man-made glass fiber (MMVF).

[0067] Preferably, the method further includes receiving one or more input parameters and determining whether to perform a point load test or a compression test, preferably including determining whether to perform a point load test or a compression test based on one or more input parameters.

[0068] Optionally, one or more input parameters may include a sample identifier, a test identifier, and / or sample weight or sample density. This helps to improve the automation of the testing process. Generally, when the sample density is less than 75 kg / m³, compression testing is suitable; when the sample density is greater than 75 kg / m³, point load testing or compression testing is suitable. The sample weight can be determined based on the sample density and sample size.

[0069] Preferably, at least three samples taken from the same product are subjected to the same test. This allows for the calculation of an average value (i.e., mean) for the product, thereby advantageously reducing the uncertainty of the measurement. Furthermore, this also advantageously provides a measurement of product uniformity. Attached Figure Description

[0070] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0071] Figure 1A This is a top view of the board in the first configuration;

[0072] Figure 1B This is a top view of the board in the second configuration;

[0073] Figure 2A This is a side view of the board in the first configuration;

[0074] Figure 2B This is a side view of the board in the second configuration;

[0075] Figure 2C This is a side view of the board in the second configuration;

[0076] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a device used for point load and compression testing;

[0077] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram of the apparatus in the first configuration of the substrate;

[0078] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of the device in the second configuration of the substrate; and

[0079] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a method for performing point load and / or compression tests. Detailed Implementation

[0080] Figure 1A and Figure 1B Top views of plate 10 in the first configuration 11 and the second configuration 12 are provided respectively. This plate conforms to the second plate of the device according to the first aspect of the invention and the plate according to the second aspect of the invention. In this example, the plate has a generally square cross-section measuring 300 mm x 300 mm, is made of aluminum, and has a thickness of 10 mm. This thickness provides a plate with suitable rigidity so that it does not bend when a sample is subjected to compression or point load tests using the plate. The plate is sufficiently rigid, dense, and stiff so as not to affect the test results. In other examples, the thickness of the plate may be greater than 10 mm.

[0081] Plate 10 includes a stamped portion 13, a first side portion 14, and a second side portion 15. The stamped portion 13 is located between the first side portion 14 and the second side portion 15. The first side portion 14 and the second side portion 15 are shaped to allow them to be mounted around the stamped portion 13. In other examples, there may be one side portion surrounding the stamped portion, or three or more side portions surrounding the stamped portion. In various cases, the multiple portions of the plate are configured to be assembled together in a continuous manner. In this example, the stamped portion 13 is cylindrical with a diameter of 79.8 mm. In other examples, the stamped portion may be other shapes suitable for point load testing. Figure 1A In the first configuration 11 shown, the edges of adjacent portions of the plate 10 are abutted. A first joint 171 and a second joint 172 are formed between the edges of the first side portion 14 and the second side portion 15. A third joint 18 is formed between the edge of the first side portion 14 and the edge of the stamped portion 13. A fourth joint 19 is formed between the edge of the second side portion 15 and the edge of the stamped portion 13. At each joint 171, 172, 18, 19, the shapes of adjacent portions are substantially matched, such that the edges of the corresponding portions conform to each other.

[0082] In this example, the stamped portion 13 is approximately centered within the plate 10. In an alternative example, the stamped portion 13 can be located anywhere within the test area 16.

[0083] In the first configuration 11, all components 13, 14, and 15 of the plate are located within the test area 16. In this example, the sample has a square cross-section that substantially matches the cross-section of the plate 10.

[0084] exist Figure 1B In the second configuration 12 shown, only the stamped portion 13 is located within the test area 16. The first side portion 14 and the second side portion 15 are located outside the test area 16 in the second configuration 12. That is, in the second configuration 12, the edges of adjacent portions of the plate are spatially separated. In this example, the portions 13, 14, and 15 of the plate are located in the same plane in the second configuration 12. In other examples, the different portions of the plate may be arranged in planes relative to each other.

[0085] Depending on the experimental or testing requirements, board 10 can be reconfigured according to either a first configuration 11 or a second configuration 12. When the board is used in the test area of ​​a suitable point load and compression test apparatus, compression testing can be performed when board 10 is in the first configuration 11, while point load testing can be performed when board 10 is in the second configuration 12.

[0086] In this example, plate 10 can be divided into three parts 13, 14, and 15. In other examples, the plate can be divided into more parts. In this example, side parts 14 and 15 are essentially mirror images, but in other examples, the side parts can take any suitable shape.

[0087] Figure 2A , Figure 2B and Figure 2C Side views of plate 20 in a first configuration 21, a first second configuration 221, and a second second configuration 222 are provided. This plate corresponds to a second plate of the device according to a first aspect of the invention and a plate according to a second aspect of the invention.

[0088] Plate 20 includes a stamped portion 23 having an edge 231 and a side portion 24 having an edge 241. The edges 231 and 241 of portions 23 and 24 of plate 20 are formed on the surface of the plate portions. Figures 2A to 2C (Not shown in the image) between the side portion and the plate portion. In this example, the side portion 24 is formed as a single unit with a hole whose shape is designed to match the shape of the stamped portion 23. In this example, both the hole and the stamped portion are circular. Figure 2AIn the first configuration 21 shown, the stamped portion 23 is arranged between the side portions 24, i.e., within the holes of the side portions 24. The stamped portion 23 is indicated by dashed lines to show that it is not visible in this view. In the first configuration 21, the circumferential edge 231 of the stamped portion 23 abuts against the circumferential edge 241 of the hole in the side portion 24 to form a joint 27. Therefore, in the first configuration 21, all portions 23, 24 of the plate 20 are located within the test area 26, allowing compression testing to be performed when the plate is used as part of a point load and compression testing apparatus. The test area 26 includes the surfaces of portions 23, 24 of the plate 20.

[0089] Figure 2B and Figure 2C Two different second configurations 221 and 222 are depicted. In both examples, the edges 231 and 241 of adjacent portions 23 and 24 of the plate 20 are separated, such that only the stamped portion 23 is located within the test area 26. That is, the surface of the stamped portion 23 is located within the test area 26. Figure 2B In the first second configuration 221 shown, the edge 231 of the stamped portion 23 is separated from the edge 241 of the side portion 24 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the plate 20. However, the stamped portion 23 and the side portion 24 overlap because the edge 231 of the stamped portion 23 still contacts the side of the side portion 24. The dashed portion of the stamped portion 23 indicates that this portion is not visible in this view, and the invisible portion of the side portion 24 is also indicated by dashed lines. Importantly, this separation ensures that in the first second configuration 221, only the stamped portion 23 is located within the test area 26, allowing point load testing to be performed when the plate is part of a point load and compression testing apparatus. If the sample is compressed between the plate 20 in the first second configuration 221 and the opposing plate, the only part of the plate 20 in contact with the sample will be the stamped portion 23. Therefore, by compressing the sample between the opposing plate and the plate 20 in the first second configuration 221, a point load test can be performed on the sample.

[0090] exist Figure 2C In the second configuration 222 shown, the stamped portion 23 is completely separated from the side portion 24, so that there is no overlap between the sides of portions 23 and 24 of the plate 20. Therefore, the edges 231 and 241 of adjacent portions 23 and 24 of the plate 20 are separated, so that only the stamped portion 23 is located within the test area 26. The wall of the space left in the side portion 24 without the stamped portion 23... Figure 2CNot visible in the view shown, its location is indicated by dashed lines. The arrangement of the second configuration means that if the sample is compressed between plate 20 in the second configuration 222 and the opposite plate, the only part of plate 20 in contact with the sample will be the stamped portion 23. Therefore, the compression of the sample between the opposite plate and plate 20 in the second configuration also provides a point load test for the sample.

[0091] Therefore, in both second configurations 221 and 222, only the stamped portion 23 of the plate 20 is located within the test area 26, allowing for point load testing when the plate is used as part of a point load and compression testing apparatus. In both second configurations 221 and 222, the side portion 24 of the plate 20 is located outside the test area 26. This is to ensure that the sample does not come into contact with the side portion 24 during point load testing.

[0092] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a device 300 used for point load and compression testing. Device 300 includes a first plate 301 and a second plate 302. During the test, the first plate 301 and the second plate 302 are approximately parallel and approximately opposite to each other. That is, when the device... Figure 3 In the indicated orientation, the first plate 301 is directly above the second plate 302. Before testing, the first plate 301 can be tilted and rotated about its connection point with the device 300. The second plate 302 can be reconfigured into a first configuration and a second configuration, as combined... Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figures 2A to 2C As stated above. Figure 3 In the middle, the second board 302 is in such a position. Figure 1A The first configuration 303 is shown. Therefore, the second plate 302 has the effect of a single uniform plate. Both the first plate 301 and the second plate 302 are rigid and designed not to bend under the forces applied during compression and point load tests, thus not affecting the measurement results obtained during the test.

[0093] The apparatus 300 includes a test region 304 located between a first plate 301 and a second plate 302. The test region 304 is adapted to receive a sample 312. In this example, the sample 312 is cut from a manufacturing fiber-based product containing synthetic glass fibers and has a generally square cross-section. Therefore, each of the first plate 301, the second plate 302, and the test region 304 also has a generally square cross-section. The perimeters of the first plate 301 and the second plate 302 substantially match the perimeter of the sample 312. In other examples, the sample may have a generally rectangular cross-section, a generally circular cross-section, or any other cross-section, including non-uniform cross-sections. In the first configuration, the perimeters of the first and second plates generally match the perimeter of the sample. The test region is not a physical entity but is defined to surround the sample located between the first and second plates.

[0094] Frame 311 supports the first plate 301 and the second plate 302. Frame 311 is a frame suitable for a universal testing machine. Frame 311 includes two supports joined at both ends to form a hollow rectangular frame. The base of frame 311 is wide to provide stability to the device and support the second plate 302 and other parts of the device 300 described below. The first plate 301 is supported between the two supports of frame 311. In this example, the second plate 302 is fixedly attached to the base of frame 311, and the first plate 301 can be adjusted toward or away from the second plate 302 along the direction of the two supports. The first plate 301 is attached to a crossbar 320, which is movably attached to frame 311. In this example, the crossbar 320 is attached to a servo motor (not shown) disposed within each support of the frame. The servo motor is used to raise and lower the crossbar 320. In other examples, alternative actuators may be used. The first plate 301 is attached to the crossbar 320 using a flexible connection (e.g., a ball joint), which allows the first plate 301 to tilt relative to the crossbar. The connection point between the first plate 301 and the crossbar 320 remains fixed relative to the crossbar 320. Thus, the position of the first plate 301 can be adjusted by moving the crossbar 320 up and down along the frame 311 using a servo motor. In other examples, the crossbar may be fixedly attached to the frame, while the first plate may be movably attached to the crossbar, allowing the spacing between the first and second plates to be adjusted by moving the first plate relative to the crossbar, thereby applying force to the sample located in the test area.

[0095] Centering mechanism 305 includes four centering plates 306 (one of which is in Figure 3 (Only partially visible in the middle) and four corresponding pneumatic actuators 307 (one of which is in Figure 3 (Not visible in the center) This is used to center the sample 312 within the test area 304. Each centering plate 306 is a right-angled plate. That is, each centering plate 306 has a first plate portion and a second plate portion connected by edges, the first plate portion and the second plate portion forming an angle of approximately 90 degrees with each other. In this example, a right-angled plate is suitable as the centering plate 306 because it matches the shape of the sample 312. Therefore, the centering plate 306 can engage with the sample 312 by contacting the sides and edges of the sample. In other examples, the plates of the centering mechanism can be flat or can have a more complex shape. The centering plate is designed to engage with the sample. This generally means that the shape of the centering plate will match the shape of the sample, but this is not necessary. For example, a flat plate can be used to manipulate a curved sample surface. In this case, only a portion of the plate will contact the sample when the centering plate engages with it.

[0096] Each centering plate 306 is connected to a pneumatic actuator 307 for moving the centering plate 306 along a straight path 308. Each centering plate 306 has a centered position based on the size of the sample 312. When all centering plates 306 are in their respective centered positions, each centering plate 306 contacts a portion of two adjacent sides of the sample 312 and the edge of the sample 312. The edge of the sample 312 in contact with the centering plate 306 is approximately perpendicular to the planar orientation of the first plate 301 and the second plate 302. When all centering plates 306 are in their respective centered positions, the sample 312 is centered within the test area 304.

[0097] The pneumatic actuator 307 uses compressed air to control motion, as is well known in the art. Controllable motion can be provided using controlled air pressure pulses.

[0098] The path 308 of each centering plate 306 is substantially linear. In this example, the path 308 of each centering plate 306 is at approximately a 45-degree angle relative to the first and second portions of the centering plate 306. The first and second portions of each centering plate 306 are generally parallel to the sides of the sample 312, and the centering plate 306 is configured to contact these sides when the centering mechanism 305 performs a centering operation on the sample 312, thereby centering the sample 312 within the test area 304. The range of motion of each centering plate 306 extends from the innermost position to the outermost position, passing through the aforementioned centering position.

[0099] The centering mechanism 305 is configured to center the sample 312 within the test area 304. The centering mechanism 305 is also configured to receive the sample 312 from the first transfer mechanism into the test area 304. In this example, the centering mechanism 305 is further configured to move the sample 312 from the test area 304 to a second transfer mechanism. In an alternative example, the device includes a removal mechanism with one or more plates (typically two plates) that can be used to push the sample from the test area to the second transfer mechanism.

[0100] exist Figure 3 In this design, the first conveying mechanism and the second conveying mechanism are a first belt conveyor 309 and a second belt conveyor 310, respectively. The first belt conveyor 309 is configured to deliver sample 312 to the testing area. The first belt conveyor 309 can receive samples from other locations within the testing laboratory, typically from the manufacturing area where samples are cut and removed for testing. The first belt conveyor 309 includes a weighing sensor for measuring the weight of sample 312. Figure 3 (Not shown in the image).

[0101] The edge of the test area 304 is defined by the range of movement of the centering plate 306. When the sample 312 is located within the test area 304, one or more centering plates 306 can contact and manipulate the sample 312. When the sample 312 is delivered to the test area 304 by the first belt conveyor 309, the sample 312 is received by the centering mechanism 305, and the sample 312 is moved by the centering mechanism 305 to the center position of the test area 304. When the sample 312 is in this position, the first plate 301 can be lowered so that the sample 312 is tested by compressing the sample 312 between the first plate 301 and the second plate 302. In this case, the test is a compression test because the second plate 302 is in the first configuration 303. After this test, the sample 312 can be moved to the second belt conveyor 310 using the centering mechanism 305. Thus, the centering mechanism 305 removes the sample 312 from the center position within the test area 304 and leaves the test area 304. The centering mechanism 305 delivers the sample 312 to the second belt conveyor 310. Once the sample is received by the second belt conveyor 310 (i.e., engaged with the second belt conveyor 310), the second belt conveyor 310 transports the sample 312 to another area, such as a waste area.

[0102] Therefore, the innermost and outermost positions of each centering plate 306 are defined so that the sample 312 can be received in, moved within, and removed from the test area 304. The required positions of each centering plate 306 are pre-configured. The centering mechanism 305 will be configured in a first configuration for receiving the sample 312 from the first belt conveyor 309 into the test area 304; move to a second configuration in which all centering plates 306 are in their centered positions so that the sample 312 is centered within the test area 304; move to a third configuration in which all centering plates 306 are in their outermost positions, after which testing is performed using the device 300; and move to a fourth configuration for removing the sample 312 from the test area and delivering it to the second belt conveyor 310.

[0103] In the third configuration of the centering mechanism 305, the centering plate 306 is always in its outermost position. These outermost positions are set so that the centering plate 306 does not interfere with the first plate 301 and the second plate 302 of the testing device 300 during testing. When the centering plate 306 is in its outermost position, it does not contact the sample 312.

[0104] As mentioned above Figure 1A The reconfigurable second plate 302 is in the first configuration 303. The second plate 302 includes a stamped portion 313, a first side portion 314, and a second side portion 315. The portions of the second plate 302 are as follows: Figure 1A The arrangement is shown and can be reconfigured to a second configuration (not shown), such as... Figure 1B As shown.

[0105] exist Figure 3 In this configuration, pneumatic actuators 316-319 are attached to the first side portion 314 and the second side portion 315 of the second plate 302, respectively. First pneumatic actuator 316 and second pneumatic actuator 317 are attached to the first side portion 314, located on either side of a pillar of the frame 311. Third pneumatic actuator 318 and fourth pneumatic actuator 319 are attached to the second side portion 315, located on either side of a opposite pillar of the frame 311. The first pneumatic actuator 316 and second pneumatic actuator 317 are configured to operate simultaneously. This means that the first pneumatic actuator 316 and second pneumatic actuator 317 are configured to move the first side portion 314 along a direction substantially perpendicular to the side of the first side portion 314 connected to the pneumatic actuators 316 and 317. This arrangement enables controllable motion.

[0106] Similarly, the third pneumatic actuator 318 and the fourth pneumatic actuator 319 are configured to operate simultaneously. This means that the third pneumatic actuator 318 and the fourth pneumatic actuator 319 are configured to move the second side portion 315 along a direction substantially perpendicular to the side of the second side portion 315 connected to the pneumatic actuators 318 and 319. This also provides controllable movement of the second side portion 315.

[0107] Pneumatic actuators 316-319 are configured to move the first side portion 314 and the second side portion 315 along a straight path, thereby arranging the second plate 302 in either the first configuration 303 or the second configuration (not shown). Similar to the pneumatic actuator 307 connected to the centering plate 306, the first through fourth pneumatic actuators 316-319 use compressed air to control the movement, as is well known in the art. Controlled movement can be provided using controlled pneumatic pulses.

[0108] Figure 4A and Figure 4B The diagrams illustrate the apparatus 400 configured to perform compression tests and point load tests, respectively. Figure 4A and Figure 4B The device 400 shown and Figure 3 The device shown is similar to 300, and similar reference numerals indicate similar elements in the device, which have similar functions and advantages.

[0109] Device 400 includes a first plate 401 and a reconfigurable second plate 402. Figure 4A In the middle, the second board 402 is in the first configuration 403. Figure 4BIn the second configuration 423, the second plate 402 is mounted on the first plate 401, which is attached to the frame 411. The connection between the first plate 401 and the crossbar 420 allows the first plate 401 to move, such as when engaged. Figure 3 As stated above. Figure 4A or Figure 4B The top of frame 411 is not shown in either document. Figure 3 As shown, the height of the crossbar 420 is adjustable to adjust the spacing between the first plate 401 and the second plate 402. The height of the crossbar 420 can be adjusted using an actuator (e.g., a linear motor or a servo motor). Decreasing the spacing between the first plate 401 and the second plate 402 allows for point load or compression testing (depending on the configuration of the second plate), and increasing the spacing after the test is completed. Decreasing the spacing between the first plate 401 and the second plate 402 increases the force applied to the sample 412. During the test, the force is applied by moving the plates together at a given speed along an axis perpendicular to the main face of the square-cut sample 412 (i.e., in an axis perpendicular to the second plate 402). For the point load test, the compressive force at the critical point and / or the force required for a given deformation are calculated. For the compression test, a load-deformation curve is plotted, and the compressive performance is calculated based on this curve.

[0110] Figure 4A and Figure 4B A sample 412 received from a first belt conveyor (not shown) is shown, located in a test area 404 between a first plate 401 and a second plate 402. A centering mechanism 405 includes a right-angled centering plate 406 movable by a pneumatic actuator 407. The centering mechanism 405 is configured to move the sample 412 along a corresponding straight path 408, including centering the sample 412 within the test area 404. After testing, the centering mechanism 405 is used to deliver the sample 412 to a second belt conveyor 410 so that the sample 412 can be removed from the test area 404.

[0111] The reconfigurable second plate 402 includes a stamped portion 413, a first side portion 414, and a second side portion 415. The stamped portion 413 is disposed between the first side portion 414 and the second side portion 415. Figure 4A In the first configuration 403 shown, the edges of adjacent portions 413-415 of the second plate 402 are adjacent. Figure 4B In the second configuration 423 shown, the edges of adjacent portions of the second plate 402 are separated. Figure 4B In order to show the details of the second board 402 in the second configuration 423, the sample 412 is not shown in the center test area, but the sample 412 is usually centered before the second board 402 is reconstructed into the second configuration 423.

[0112] Pneumatic actuators 416-419 are attached to each of the first side portion 414 and the second side portion 415 of the second plate 402. First pneumatic actuator 416 and second pneumatic actuator 417 are attached to the first side portion 414, respectively located on either side of a pillar of the frame 411. Third pneumatic actuator 418 and fourth pneumatic actuator 419 are attached to the second side portion 415, respectively located on either side of an opposing pillar of the frame 411. First pneumatic actuators 416 and second pneumatic actuators 417 are configured as follows: Figure 3 The simultaneous operation provides controllable movement of the first side portion 414. Similarly, the third pneumatic actuator 318 and the fourth pneumatic actuator 319 are configured to operate simultaneously to provide controllable movement of the second side portion 415.

[0113] In this example, the first side portion 414 and the second side portion 415 are laterally moved away from the stamping portion 413 by using pneumatic actuators 416-419 within the plane of the second plate 402, thereby removing the side portions 414 and 415 from the test area 404. In other examples, the stamping portion 413 may be raised or the side portions 414 and 415 may be lowered instead of laterally moved to ensure that only the stamping portion 413 is located within the test area 404 in the second configuration 423.

[0114] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a method for performing point load and / or compression tests. The method uses a combination of... Figure 3 , Figure 4A and Figure 4B The apparatus described herein is used.

[0115] via a transmission mechanism (e.g.) Figure 3 , Figure 4A and Figure 4B The sample delivered by the belt conveyor shown can be received in the test area. The sample is typically a fiber-based sample from a manufactured fiber-based product, including synthetic glass fibers. The method includes centering the sample within the test area using a centering mechanism 51 (this centering mechanism is already in place). Figure 3 (As described in the text). After centering 51, the sample is in the center of the test area.

[0116] Following the sample centering step 51, the method includes determining 52 whether to perform a point load test or a compression test based on one or more input parameters. One or more input parameters may be a sample identifier, a test identifier, and / or sample weight or sample density. The sample identifier may be a reference number for a specific type of fiber-based product being manufactured. For certain types of samples, only a point load test or only a compression test is suitable. Therefore, if only one test is applicable to the identified sample, the relevant test to be performed can be determined at least in part based on the sample identifier. The test identifier is Boolean data, as it has only two possible values: "compression test" or "point load test". Therefore, the test to be performed can be directly determined from the test identifier as the identified test. The test identifier may be provided by the user or determined otherwise. For samples of certain weights or densities, only a point load test or only a compression test is suitable. Therefore, if only one test is applicable to the identified sample weight or sample density, the relevant test to be performed can be determined at least in part based on the sample weight or sample density. Generally, compression testing is suitable when the sample is "light" wool (i.e., sample density less than 75 kg / m³), while point load testing is suitable when the sample is "heavy" wool (i.e., sample weight greater than 75 kg / m³). To determine the sample density, a load cell or other integrated weighing scale can be used to determine the sample weight. The sample density can be calculated based on the known dimensions of the sample and the measured sample weight.

[0117] After determining which test to perform at step 52, the method includes arranging the second board 53 in either a first configuration or a second configuration based on the determined test. As described above, the first configuration is suitable for performing a compression test, while the second configuration is suitable for performing a point load test. Therefore, if the determined test is a compression test, the step includes arranging the second board 53 in the first configuration; if the determined test is a point load test, the step includes arranging the second board 53 in the second configuration. In this example, the control unit arranges the second board 53 in the relevant configuration based on the determined test.

[0118] After step 53 of arranging the second plate in a suitable configuration, the method includes performing the test determined at 54 by reducing the gap between the first and second plates. The gap is reduced so that both the first and second plates, located on opposite sides of the sample, are in contact with the sample. The sample is compressed between the first and second plates. If the second plate is in a first configuration, the sample is compressed between the two plates for a compression test. If the second plate is in a second configuration, the sample is compressed between a plate (the first plate) and a stamping (the effective shape of the second plate within the test area in the second configuration) for a point load test. In this example, the test determined at 54 is performed using a control unit.

[0119] This method may also include measuring output values. Output values ​​may be recorded, for example, in a database. Output values ​​may be compared to expected output values. Expected output values ​​may be determined based on expected output values ​​for identified samples. For example, each sample may have an acceptable range including a minimum acceptable output value and a maximum acceptable output value for the parameters described above. If the output value deviates from the acceptable range, a negative message may be generated. If the output value is within the acceptable range, a positive message may be generated. These messages may contain one or more of the following: the identifier of the sample being tested; the source of the sample; any output value or output value exceeding its acceptable range; and other output values. This message may be sent to another part of the laboratory to indicate whether the product from which the sample originated actually meets (for a positive message) the required quality standards or does not (for a negative message) the required quality standards.

[0120] When performing compression tests, the output values ​​include one or more of the following: critical point deformation, εF p The critical point is F. p Critical compressive strength, σ c Maximum compressive strength, σ m ; Compressive stress at 10% deformation, σ 10 ; compressive stress at the end of the conventional elastic zone, σ e Compression elasticity, E c Maximum force F m The relative deformation at time, ε m ; and initial deformation, N0.

[0121] In this example, the compression test involves preloading the sample with a force equivalent to 250 Pa. The sample thickness *d* is measured while the sample is subjected to the preload force. Subsequently, the sample is compressed with a second plate in the first configuration at a rate of *d* / 10 mm / min ± 25%. During sample compression, the force / deformation curve is recorded using a measuring device.

[0122] When performing a point load test, the output value includes one or more of the following: point load strength, σ p (Pa); Point load elasticity, E p (Pa); Critical point deformation, ε Fp (mm).

[0123] In this example, when performing the point load test, the 54 test involves preloading the sample with a force F0 of (2.50 ± 0.25) N, equivalent to a pressure of (500 ± 50) Pa. The sample thickness d is measured while the sample is subjected to the preload force. Subsequently, the sample is pressed into the stamping section at a speed of (50 ± 5) mm / min. During sample compression, the force / deformation curve is recorded using a measuring device. The test terminates when a critical point can be determined and / or when the sample deformation reaches 20%. During the test, the load at which a deformation of 5 mm is determined, i.e., the applied force (F5).

[0124] In this example, after the test is completed, the second board is restored to the first configuration before the sample is removed from the test area. In an alternative example, the sample can be removed without changing the positions of any parts of the second board.

[0125] In another example, the device may require setup. This can be done before the device is used for the first time or during routine calibration operations to keep the device operational. If setup is required, the method may include a setup step, including pre-configuring the path direction and path length of the centering mechanism used in step 51. For example, the centering position of the centering plate of the centering mechanism can be set according to the sample size, and the outermost and innermost positions of the centering plate can be set as needed. Relevant requirements may include, for example, the location of the conveying mechanism and the size of the centering plate.

[0126] The method may also include a setup step, which includes pre-configuring the path direction and path length for the side portions to move, so as to change the configuration of the second plate between a first configuration and a second configuration. For example, the relative positions of one or more side portions in the first and second configurations will be determined to calculate the path direction and path length required to switch between the two configurations.

[0127] It should be understood that the present invention provides an apparatus including a reconfigurable plate, which, by arranging the reconfigurable plate according to a suitable configuration, enables point load testing and compression testing.

Claims

1. An apparatus for point load and compression testing, comprising: First board; A reconfigurable second board having a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein the spacing between the first board and the second board is adjustable; The test area between the first board and the second board; as well as A centering mechanism for centering the sample within the test area; The first plate and the second plate are arranged in use such that when the gap between the first plate and the second plate is adjusted to reduce the gap, a compression test is performed if the second plate is in the first configuration, and a point load test is performed if the second plate is in the second configuration.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The first plate and the second plate are approximately parallel.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The centering mechanism includes one or more plates, and the movement of the plates of the centering mechanism is achieved using pneumatic actuators.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, Each plate in the central mechanism can move along a straight path.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, The centering mechanism comprises one or more right-angled plates.

6. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a conveying mechanism for conveying the sample toward and away from the test area.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein, The conveying mechanism is a belt conveyor.

8. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a frame, wherein the frame supports the first plate and the second plate.

9. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The second plate includes one or more side portions and a stamped portion located between the side portions.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, In the first configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the second plate are adjacent to each other, while in the second configuration, the edges of adjacent portions of the second plate are separated.

11. The apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The side portion can be removed from the central test area.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The movement of each of the said side portions is achieved using one or more pneumatic actuators.

13. A plate for use in the test area of ​​a point load and compression testing apparatus, the plate comprising a stamped portion and one or more side portions separable from the stamped portion, wherein, The plate has a first configuration and a second configuration, in the first configuration the edges of adjacent portions of the plate are adjacent, and in the second configuration the edges of adjacent portions of the plate are separated such that only the stamped portion is located within the test area.

14. A method for performing point load and / or compression tests using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising: Use a centering mechanism to center the sample within the test area; Determine whether to perform a point load test or a compression test based on one or more input parameters; The second board is arranged in either the first configuration or the second configuration according to the determined test. as well as The determined test is performed by reducing the gap between the first plate and the second plate.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, The one or more input parameters include: sample identifier; test identifier; and / or sample weight or sample density.

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