A windbreak for bridges with dust removal function

Abstract

This invention specifically relates to a windbreak for anti-collision bridges with dust removal function. The integrated baffle is equipped with a sliding baffle that provides secondary wind protection and collision avoidance. Because the integrated baffle and the sliding baffle have staggered internal air holes that disperse airflow, dust-laden air enters the dust removal duct through these internal air holes and is directly blown onto the inner walls of the opposite side of the integrated baffle and the sliding baffle. The dust carried in the air is directly adhered and separated by the first and second adhesive dust patches. Furthermore, it is separated again by secondary filtration through a filter screen. The filter screen also utilizes activated carbon adsorbents to adsorb some harmful substances in the exhaust gas, thus aiding in air purification. This method effectively removes sand and dust blown from the outside of the bridge to the inside, and also treats dust and pollutants carried by vehicles on the inside of the bridge, achieving bidirectional dust removal and significantly reducing the impact of airflow and dust in the middle of the bridge on the visibility and driving conditions of pedestrians and vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Specifically, this invention relates to a windbreak for bridges with dust removal function, and pertains to the technical field of bridge windbreak and dust removal structures. Background Technology

[0002] Existing bridges are prone to strong winds, which can directly interfere with vehicles and pedestrians, especially in windy and dusty conditions. This significantly affects visibility and driving. Most existing bridge windbreaks are simply simple panels or louvers mounted on railings. These structures lack impact protection and cannot be adjusted for varying heights to provide large-area wind protection or dust suppression. Their functions are relatively simple and limited. Therefore, current bridge windbreak designs suffer from the core defects of limited functionality and poor adaptability. Especially in harsh, windy climates, traditional structures struggle to ensure traffic safety and comfort. There is an urgent need to develop a windbreak with dust suppression capabilities to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a windbreak for a bridge with dust removal function to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a windbreak for a bridge with dust removal function, comprising a bridge body, with integrated baffles on both sides of the bridge body, a sliding baffle that is raised and lowered on the outer side of the integrated baffle, and a dust removal duct is provided between the integrated baffle and the sliding baffle at intervals. Both the integrated baffle and the sliding baffle have internal air holes communicating with the dust removal duct on their surfaces, and the internal air holes of the integrated baffle and the sliding baffle are staggered. The inner sides of the integrated baffle and the sliding baffle are respectively provided with a first dust-adhesive sticker and a second dust-adhesive sticker. Multiple arc-shaped anti-collision plates are locked to the outer sides of both the integrated baffle and the sliding baffle, and the surfaces of the arc-shaped anti-collision plates have multiple external air holes, wherein the external air holes correspond to the internal air holes.

[0005] A further improvement is that multiple telescopic rods are vertically installed on one side of the integrated baffle. The bottom of the telescopic rods is fixed to the bridge body, and the telescopic ends of the telescopic rods are locked to the upper side of the sliding baffle. A top plate is horizontally installed at the top of the telescopic ends of the telescopic rods. The top plate is sealed and covered above the dust removal duct, and the telescopic rods are located inside the dust removal duct.

[0006] A further improvement is that a solar photovoltaic panel and a rain detector are installed on the upper side of the top plate, and a control box is installed on the lower side of the top plate. The control box contains a battery connected to the solar photovoltaic panel and a controller electrically connected to the rain detector and the telescopic pole.

[0007] A further improvement is that dust collection troughs are respectively opened below the dust removal duct at the position corresponding to the bridge body, and dust discharge through holes connected to the dust collection troughs are opened on the side of the bridge body. Multiple L-shaped steel bars are fixed at the bottom of the integrated baffle, and the multiple L-shaped steel bars are integrated with the concrete of the bridge body.

[0008] A further improvement is that the inner side of the arc-shaped anti-collision plate is locked with multiple support rods, and the other end of each support rod is in close contact with the surface of the integrated baffle or sliding baffle.

[0009] A further improvement is that the support rod structure includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod arranged opposite to each other, and an elastic airbag is fixed between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod. A slot is opened on one side of the second connecting rod, and the other side of the second connecting rod is in close contact with the outside of the integrated baffle or sliding baffle. An insert rod adapted to be inserted into the slot is integrally provided on one side of the first connecting rod.

[0010] A further improvement is that a screw hole is provided on the other side of the first connecting rod, and the insertion rod is inserted through the middle of the elastic airbag.

[0011] A further improvement is that the integrated baffle has grooves on both sides, and the sliding baffle has raised sliders integrally provided on both sides, with the raised sliders sliding from top to bottom inside the grooves.

[0012] A further improvement is that the arc-shaped anti-collision plate is made of an elastic material, preferably industrial polyurethane.

[0013] A further improvement is that a filter screen is provided in the middle of the inner side of the dust removal duct, and the two ends of the filter screen are installed between two telescopic rods. The inner air holes of the integrated baffle and the sliding baffle are all inclined downwards and outwards.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0015] This invention features a simple and ingenious structure. The integrated baffle is directly and integrally mounted on the bridge body, providing not only initial wind protection and collision avoidance but also improving structural stability. A sliding baffle, which slides and rises within the integrated baffle, provides secondary wind protection and collision avoidance. Because the integrated and sliding baffles have staggered internal air holes that disperse airflow, dust-laden air enters the dust removal duct through these holes and is directly blown onto the inner walls of the opposite sides of the integrated and sliding baffles. The dust carried in the air is directly adhered to by the first and second adhesive dust patches, achieving separation. Furthermore, secondary filtration by the filter screen further enhances the dust removal effect. The dust is separated again, and after accumulating to a certain amount, it falls downward into the dust collection trough for collection. The filter screen can also use activated carbon adsorbent to adsorb some harmful substances in the exhaust gas during dust removal, thus playing an auxiliary role in purifying the air. The separated airflow is dispersed to all sides and blown outward from the inner air hole on the other side. It can not only remove sand and dust blown from the outside of the bridge to the inside, but also treat the dust and pollutants carried by vehicles on the inside of the bridge, achieving a two-way dust removal effect. This greatly reduces the impact of airflow and dust in the middle of the bridge body on the vision and driving of pedestrians and vehicles. Moreover, the double baffles also improve the anti-collision strength.

[0016] Meanwhile, to further enhance the anti-collision and windproof dust removal effects, elastic arc-shaped anti-collision plates are installed on the outer side of the integrated baffle and sliding baffle. When impacted, the arc-shaped anti-collision plate can absorb energy first and convert the point impact force into a dispersed force along the tangent of the curved surface. The collision energy diffuses along the curvature to the overall support, avoiding stress concentration and reducing the risk of local deformation. Moreover, multiple external air holes are designed on the arc-shaped anti-collision plate to help to locally disturb the airflow and reduce the direct impact of wind on the integrated baffle and sliding baffle.

[0017] In addition, the sliding baffle can be changed to different usage states: First, the sliding baffle is flush with the integrated baffle: that is, the above structure can provide double-sided anti-collision, wind protection and dust removal, and the dust removal effect is good, the structure is relatively stable, and it is suitable for situations with large amounts of wind and sand.

[0018] Secondly, the sliding baffle is higher than the integrated baffle: by controlling the sliding baffle to slide upward, the height and area of ​​blocking wind and sand are increased. This is suitable for situations with strong winds and little sand. In this state, when the rain detector detects rainy weather, it can quickly control the sliding baffle to move downward to become flush with the integrated baffle, so that the top plate is tightly above the dust removal duct. This can effectively prevent rainwater from entering from above the dust removal duct and avoid affecting the adhesion of the first and second adhesive stickers. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated baffle and sliding baffle of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the usage status structure;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dust collection trough structure of the bridge body of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated baffle of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a top view schematic diagram showing the location of the internal air vents and filter screen of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the arc-shaped anti-collision plate, the integrated baffle, and the sliding baffle of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A structural diagram from another perspective;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped anti-collision plate and support rod of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the state in which the sliding baffle of the present invention is horizontally higher than the integrated baffle;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the support rod of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a side view of the internal air vent structure of the present invention;

[0032] In the diagram: Bridge body 1, dust collection trough 101, dust discharge hole 102, integrated baffle 2, slide 21, first dust sticker 22, sliding baffle 3, raised slider 31, second dust sticker 32, dust removal duct 4, internal air hole 5, arc-shaped anti-collision plate 6, external air hole 61, telescopic rod 7, filter screen 70, top plate 71, solar photovoltaic panel 72, rainwater detector 73, control box 75, steel bar 8, support rod 9, first connecting rod 91, second connecting rod 92, elastic airbag 93, slot 94, insertion rod 95, screw hole 96. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0034] like Figure 1-12 As shown, this invention provides a windbreak for a collision-resistant bridge with dust removal function, including a bridge body 1. Integrated baffles 2 are respectively installed on both sides of the bridge body 1. Multiple L-shaped steel bars 8 are fixed to the bottom of the integrated baffles 2, and these L-shaped steel bars 8 are integrally bonded to the concrete of the bridge body 1. A sliding baffle 3 is raised and lowered on the outer side of the integrated baffles 2, making the entire structure a whole, thereby improving structural strength and stability. A dust removal duct 4 is spaced between the integrated baffles 2 and the sliding baffles 3, and an inner air hole 5 is provided that communicates with the dust removal duct 4. In this way, while the integrated baffles 2 and the sliding baffles 3 block the wind, sand can enter the inner side of the dust removal duct 4 through the inner air hole 5, improving ventilation. The inner air holes 5 of the integrated baffles 2 and the sliding baffles 3 are staggered, and a first dust-adhesive patch 22 and a second dust-adhesive patch 32 are respectively detachably attached to the inner side of the integrated baffles 2 and the sliding baffles 3. Therefore, sand cannot be blocked by the integrated baffles. The dust enters through the inner air hole 5 of the sliding baffle 3 or the 2nd or the 3rd or the 4th or the 5th or the 6th or 7th or 8th or 9th or 1st or 1st or 1st or 1st or 1st or 1st or 1st or 22, and is preferably blown onto the corresponding second or first dust sticker 32 or the first or 1st or 22, thereby achieving the function of separation and dust removal. In addition, a filter screen 70 is provided in the middle of the inner side of the dust removal duct 4 to further enhance the dust removal effect. A dust collection groove 101 is provided at the position corresponding to the bridge body 1 below the dust removal duct 4. A dust discharge hole 102 connected to the dust collection groove 101 is provided on the side of the bridge body 1. In this way, the filtered or settled dust can be discharged downward to the dust collection groove 101 and finally blown out of the bridge through the dust discharge hole 102 under the action of airflow, and is not easily guided to the middle of the upper side of the bridge body 1. The first or second dust sticker 22 and the second dust sticker 32 adopt a multi-layer tearable structure, and the bottom layer is locked and fixed to the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 by screws on the four sides, so as to facilitate the later replacement operation.

[0035] In the above technical solution, two arc-shaped anti-collision plates 6 are locked on the outer sides of both the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3. The arc-shaped anti-collision plates 6 are made of elastic material, preferably industrial polyurethane, which can improve the anti-collision performance of the integrated baffle 2, the sliding baffle 3 and the whole. When the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped anti-collision plate 6 is impacted, it can first absorb energy and convert the point impact force into a dispersed force along the tangent direction of the curved surface. The collision energy diffuses along the curvature to the overall support, avoiding stress concentration and reducing the risk of local deformation. Moreover, the external air hole 61 designed on the arc-shaped anti-collision plate 6 can help to locally disturb the airflow, reduce the direct impact of the wind on the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3, and ensure that the force of the wind entering the dust removal air duct 4 from the internal air hole 5 is not too great.

[0036] Furthermore, the inner side of the aforementioned arc-shaped anti-collision plate 6 is locked with three support rods 9, and the other end of each support rod 9 is in close contact with the surface of the integrated baffle 2 or sliding baffle 3, thereby providing auxiliary support. When the arc-shaped anti-collision plate 6 is impacted, it can further absorb energy and improve the support strength. Specifically, the support rod 9 structure includes a first connecting rod 91 and a second connecting rod 92 arranged opposite to each other. The other side of the first connecting rod 91 has a screw hole 96, which facilitates the screw to pass through the external air hole 61 and lock with the screw hole 96 of the first connecting rod 91. An elastic airbag 93 is fixed between the first connecting rod 91 and the second connecting rod 92. A slot 94 is opened on one side of the second connecting rod 92, and the other side of the second connecting rod 92 is in close contact with the surface of the integrated baffle 2 or sliding baffle 3. The sliding baffle 3 is tightly attached to the outside, and the first connecting rod 91 is integrally provided with a plug rod 95 that is adapted to insert into the slot 94. The plug rod 95 is inserted through the middle of the elastic airbag 93. Therefore, when the arc-shaped anti-collision plate 6 is impacted, it deforms inward to absorb energy. The first connecting rod 91 is inserted into the slot 94 along the second connecting rod 92. During this process, it can absorb energy a second time under the elastic support of the elastic airbag 93, and the force is transmitted from the second connecting rod 92 to the integrated baffle 2 or the sliding baffle 3, so that the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 can be further supported. When the impact force is too large, the middle of the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 can be recessed into the dust removal air duct 4, thereby achieving the energy absorption function again. This can greatly improve the anti-collision effect of the structure.

[0037] To achieve the lifting and lowering of the sliding baffle 3, two telescopic rods 7 are vertically installed on one side of the integrated baffle 2. The bottom of the telescopic rods 7 is fixed to the bridge body 1 for auxiliary support, and the telescopic ends of the telescopic rods 7 are locked to the upper side of the sliding baffle 3. Therefore, the lifting and lowering of the sliding baffle 3 can be achieved by extending and retracting the telescopic rods 7. A top plate 71 is horizontally installed at the top of the telescopic end of the telescopic rods 7. The top plate 71 is sealed and covered above the dust removal duct 4. That is, the bottom of the top plate 71 can be tightly attached to the upper side of the sliding baffle 3 and the integrated baffle 2. The top plate 71 also rises and falls synchronously with the sliding baffle 3. The telescopic rods 7 are located inside the dust removal duct 4. The integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 can protect the telescopic rods 7. This effect is mutual. When the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 are impacted, the telescopic rods 7 can also improve the structural support. Moreover, in order to facilitate the installation and removal of the filter screen 70, the two sides of the filter screen 70 can be installed between the outer sides of the cylinders of the two telescopic rods 7.

[0038] The integrated baffle 2 has grooves 21 on both sides, and the sliding baffle 3 has raised sliders 31 integrally provided on both sides. The raised sliders 31 are slidably disposed inside the grooves 21 from top to bottom. This allows the raised sliders 31 to slide more stably on the integrated baffle 2 and keeps the dust removal duct 4 in a relatively closed environment.

[0039] In this embodiment, a solar photovoltaic panel 72 and a rain detector 73 are installed on the upper side of the top plate 71, and a control box 75 is installed on the lower side of the top plate 71. The control box 75 contains a battery connected to the solar photovoltaic panel 72 and a controller electrically connected to the rain detector 73 and the telescopic rod 7. This allows the solar photovoltaic panel 72 and the battery to improve the equipment's endurance, and the equipment is made more automated under the control of the PLC controller in the control box 75. The rain detector 73 improves the intelligent detection function, allowing it to automatically switch the operating state in rainy weather to prevent rainwater from entering the dust removal duct 4 and ensure the effectiveness of the first and second adhesive stickers 22 and 32 on the inner side. Moreover, the inner air holes 5 of the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 are all tilted outward and downward, which can effectively prevent rainwater from seeping into the dust removal duct 4 through the inner air holes 5.

[0040] In a more specific implementation, when the present invention is used in situations with high daily wind and sand volume, the sliding baffle 3 and the integrated baffle 2 are flush. The curved anti-collision plate 6, combined with the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3, forms multiple windbreaks and anti-collision measures. Furthermore, dust-laden air can enter through the external air vent 61 and then through the internal air vent 5 into the dust removal duct 4. Since the internal air vents 5 of the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 are staggered, and the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 have first and second adhesive dust patches 22 and 32 respectively affixed to opposite sides, the airflow entering the dust removal duct 4 preferentially impacts the first and second adhesive dust patches 22 and 32. This causes the dust contained in the air to adhere to the first and second adhesive dust patches 22 and 32, thus achieving a separation effect. Secondly, the air... The airflow will also be filtered through the filter screen 70 inside the dust removal duct 4, achieving a dual separation effect. After the dust accumulates to a certain amount, it will fall into the dust collection trough 101 for collection and finally be discharged through the dust discharge hole 102. The relatively clean airflow will be dispersed and flow towards the bridge body 1 through the inner air hole 5 and the outer air hole 61 on the other side. This can remove dust from sandstorms blowing from the outside to the inside, and can also treat dust or pollutants carried by vehicles on the inside, achieving a two-way dust removal effect. This greatly reduces the impact of airflow and dust in the middle of the bridge body on the visibility and driving of pedestrians and vehicles. The filter screen 70 can be an activated carbon filter screen. In this way, the filter screen can also use activated carbon adsorbent to adsorb some harmful substances in the exhaust gas during dust removal, thereby achieving the function of auxiliary air purification.

[0041] When used in windy and sandy conditions, the sliding baffle 3 is positioned higher than the integrated baffle 2. Its daily power supply primarily utilizes the solar photovoltaic panel 72 and the battery in the control box 75. The controller controls the two telescopic rods 7 to rise synchronously, causing the sliding baffle 3 and the raised slider 31 to slide upwards along the integrated baffle 2 and the groove 21, thereby increasing the height of the sliding baffle 3. This increases the overall wind-blocking area, reducing the impact of strong winds on pedestrians and vehicles on the bridge body 1. Furthermore, when the rain detector 73 detects rainfall, it can control the sliding baffle 3 to slide downwards, allowing the top plate 71 to tightly cover the dust removal duct 4, thus connecting with the integrated baffle 2. The upper sides of the baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 are tightly fitted together, which can effectively prevent rainwater from entering the dust removal duct 4 from above, thus avoiding affecting the adhesive properties of the first adhesive sticker 22 and the second adhesive sticker 32. In addition, to prevent rainwater from entering the dust removal duct 4 through the inner air hole 5, the inner air holes 5 of the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 are both set to be inclined downwards and outwards. This makes it difficult for rainwater to penetrate into the opposite side of the integrated baffle 2 and the sliding baffle 3 along the outwards and downwards inclined inner air hole 5, improving waterproofness and reducing the impact on the first adhesive sticker 22 and the second adhesive sticker 32. Of course, the first adhesive sticker 22 and the second adhesive sticker 32 also need to be replaced regularly after a period of use to maintain their adhesive properties.

[0042] It should be noted that the anti-collision bridge windbreak with dust removal function of the present invention mainly improves the above-mentioned structure. The functions, components and structures not mentioned can be implemented by using existing components and structures that can achieve the corresponding functions. For example, each telescopic rod can be used as an electric push rod in the prior art.

[0043] The above embodiments illustrate and describe the basic principles and main features of the present invention, as well as its advantages. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope. All such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A windbreak for a collision-resistant bridge with dust removal function, comprising a bridge body (1), characterized in that, The bridge body (1) is provided with integrated baffles (2) on both sides respectively. A sliding baffle (3) is provided on the outside of the integrated baffle (2). A dust removal air duct (4) is provided between the integrated baffle (2) and the sliding baffle (3). The surfaces of the integrated baffle (2) and the sliding baffle (3) are provided with internal air holes (5) that are connected to the dust removal air duct (4). The internal air holes (5) of the integrated baffle (2) and the sliding baffle (3) are staggered. The inner sides of the integrated baffle (2) and the sliding baffle (3) are respectively provided with a first dust sticker (22) and a second dust sticker (32). The integrated baffle (2) and the sliding baffle (3) are both locked with multiple arc-shaped anti-collision plates (6) on their outer sides, and multiple external air holes (61) are opened on the surface of the arc-shaped anti-collision plates (6), wherein the external air holes (61) are correspondingly set with the internal air holes (5); Multiple telescopic rods (7) are vertically installed on one side of the integrated baffle (2). The bottom of the telescopic rod (7) is attached to and fixed on the bridge body (1), and the telescopic end of the telescopic rod (7) is locked to the upper side of the sliding baffle (3). A top plate (71) is horizontally installed at the top of the telescopic end of the telescopic rod (7). The top plate (71) is sealed and covered above the dust removal duct (4). The telescopic rod (7) is located inside the dust removal duct (4). A solar photovoltaic panel (72) and a rain detector (73) are installed on the upper side of the top plate (71), and a control box (75) is installed on the lower side of the top plate (71). The control box (75) contains a battery connected to the solar photovoltaic panel (72) and a controller electrically connected to the rain detector (73) and the telescopic rod (7). The dust removal duct (4) is provided with a filter screen (70) in the middle of its inner side. The filter screen (70) is installed between two telescopic rods (7) at both ends. The inner air holes (5) of the integrated baffle (2) and the sliding baffle (3) are both inclined downwards to the outside.

2. A windbreak for a bridge with dust removal function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dust removal duct (4) is provided with a dust collection trough (101) at the position corresponding to the bridge body (1) below it, and a dust discharge through hole (102) connected to the dust collection trough (101) is provided on the side of the bridge body (1). Multiple L-shaped steel bars (8) are fixed at the bottom of the integrated baffle (2), and the multiple L-shaped steel bars (8) are integrated with the concrete of the bridge body (1).

3. A windbreak for a bridge with dust removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side of the arc-shaped anti-collision plate (6) is locked with multiple support rods (9), and the other end of each support rod (9) is in close contact with the surface of the integrated baffle (2) or the sliding baffle (3).

4. A windbreak for a bridge with dust removal function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support rod (9) structure includes a first connecting rod (91) and a second connecting rod (92) arranged opposite to each other, and an elastic airbag (93) is fixed between the first connecting rod (91) and the second connecting rod (92). A slot (94) is opened on one side of the second connecting rod (92), and the other side of the second connecting rod (92) is in close contact with the outside of the integrated baffle (2) or the sliding baffle (3). A plug (95) adapted to be inserted into the slot (94) is integrally provided on one side of the first connecting rod (91).

5. A windbreak for a bridge with dust removal function according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first connecting rod (91) has a screw hole (96) on the other side, and the insertion rod (95) is inserted through the middle of the elastic airbag (93).

6. A windbreak for a bridge with dust removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated baffle (2) has grooves (21) on both sides, and the sliding baffle (3) has a raised slider (31) on both sides, and the raised slider (31) slides from top to bottom inside the groove (21).

7. A windbreak for a bridge with dust removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc-shaped anti-collision plate (6) is made of elastic material.

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