Satellite-borne GNSS phased-array antenna gain stability on-orbit monitoring method and system

Abstract

The invention provides an on-orbit monitoring method and system for gain stability of a satellite-borne GNSS phased-array antenna. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring real-time position information of detection equipment and beacon position information of a beacon source; according to the real-time position information and the beacon position information, judging whether the beacon source enters a gain monitoring range of the detection equipment or not; if yes, a beacon signal sent by a beacon source is tracked through a GNSS phased-array antenna, a tracking result is obtained, and the GNSS phased-array antenna is installed on the detection equipment; and monitoring the GNSS phased-array antenna in real time based on the tracking result. According to the invention, the problem in the prior art that subsequent on-orbit gain monitoring cannot be carried out after a GNSS phased-array antenna is installed on detection equipment and put into operation is solved, and the whole antenna gain monitoring process is carried out in an actual application environment. The difference between the ground darkroom environment and the actual application environment and the influence of the performance change of the receiving antenna on the measurement result can be reduced, and the reliability and accuracy of the measurement result are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an on-orbit monitoring method and system for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interferometric altimetry is one of the important applications of GNSS signals in the field of reflection measurement. Specifically, GNSS signals are transmitted into the air, with one part reaching the detection equipment directly (called the direct signal) and the other part being reflected by the sea surface or ground to reach the detection equipment (called the reflected signal). The detection equipment receives both types of signals simultaneously and uses interferometric correlation processing to retrieve the altitude information of the sea surface or ground.

[0003] In GNSS interferometric altimetry, the gain stability of the GNSS phased array antenna on the detection equipment is crucial to the accuracy of the measurement results. Therefore, regular monitoring of the GNSS phased array antenna is necessary. In existing technologies, calibrated phased array antennas are typically calibrated using a ground-based anechoic chamber. In this environment, a calibrated horn antenna performs an omnidirectional scan of the receiving antenna to obtain its omnidirectional gain information.

[0004] However, once the GNSS phased array antenna is installed on the detection equipment and put into operation, subsequent on-orbit gain stability calibration cannot be performed. In addition, the difference between the ground anechoic chamber environment and the actual application environment, as well as the performance variations of the receiving antenna, will make it difficult to guarantee the reliability and accuracy of the measurement results. Summary of the Invention To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application discloses an on-orbit monitoring method and system for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna. This addresses the issue in related technologies where, once a GNSS phased array antenna is installed on a detection device and put into operation, subsequent on-orbit gain monitoring is impossible, leading to difficulties in guaranteeing the reliability and accuracy of measurement results.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application discloses an on-orbit monitoring method for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna, applied to a detection device, the method comprising: Obtain the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source; Based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information, it is determined whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device; When the beacon source enters the gain monitoring range, the beacon signal transmitted by the beacon source is tracked by a GNSS phased array antenna to obtain the tracking result. The GNSS phased array antenna is installed on the detection device. Based on the tracking results, the GNSS phased array antenna is monitored.

[0006] Optionally, before acquiring the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source, the method further includes: Acquire the status information of the detection device, which is used to indicate whether the gain monitoring mode is enabled; When the gain monitoring mode is enabled, the step of obtaining the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source is performed.

[0007] Optionally, determining whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information includes: Obtain the half-angle of the GNSS phased array antenna; Based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information, the angle between the beacon source and the detection device is determined; By comparing the half-angle and the included angle, if the half-angle is greater than or equal to the included angle, it is determined that the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device.

[0008] Optionally, the step of tracking the beacon signal transmitted by the beacon source through a GNSS phased array antenna to obtain the tracking result includes: The beacon signal transmitted by the beacon source is received via a GNSS phased array antenna; The code delay, Doppler delay, and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, and the candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal. The candidate signal parameters that are successfully matched are used as local signal parameters, and the beacon signal is tracked based on the local signal parameters to obtain the tracking result.

[0009] Optionally, the traversal code delay, Doppler delay, and phase are used to generate candidate signal parameters, and the candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal, including: Determine whether this is the first time a match has been made with the beacon signal; If the first or previous match fails, the code delay, Doppler delay and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, wherein the initial value of the phase value in the local signal parameters is a preset value; The candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal.

[0010] Optionally, after determining whether it is the first match with the beacon signal, the method further includes: If it is not the first time, then obtain the previous tracking result and use the previous tracking result as the local signal parameter, and perform the step of tracking the beacon signal based on the local signal parameter to obtain the tracking result.

[0011] Optionally, the step of real-time gain monitoring of the GNSS phased array antenna based on the tracking results includes: The multiple tracking results obtained within a preset time period are integrated and accumulated to obtain the integrated tracking result. Based on the integrated tracking results, the gain of the GNSS phased array antenna is monitored in real time.

[0012] Optionally, after integrating and accumulating the multiple tracking results obtained within a preset time period to obtain the integrated tracking result, the method further includes: Based on the corrected Doppler delay and the preset Doppler frequency in the integrated tracking result, a Doppler compensation value is determined, which is used to track the beacon signal.

[0013] Optionally, the real-time gain monitoring of the GNSS phased array antenna based on the integrated tracking result includes: The integrated tracking result is forwarded to the satellite, so that the satellite transmits the integrated tracking result to the ground for data inversion, thereby obtaining the gain measurement result of the GNSS phased array antenna.

[0014] Secondly, this application discloses an on-orbit monitoring system for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna, applied to detection equipment, the system comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source; The judgment module is used to determine whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information; The tracking module is used to track the beacon signal sent by the beacon source through a GNSS phased array antenna when the beacon source enters the monitoring range, and obtain the tracking result. The GNSS phased array antenna is installed on the detection device. The monitoring module is used to perform real-time gain monitoring of the GNSS phased array antenna based on the tracking results.

[0015] Optionally, the acquisition module is further configured to: Acquire the status information of the detection device, which is used to indicate whether the gain monitoring mode is enabled; When the gain monitoring mode is enabled, the step of obtaining the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source is performed.

[0016] Optionally, the determination module is further configured to: Obtain the half-angle of the GNSS phased array antenna; Based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information, the angle between the beacon source and the detection device is determined; By comparing the half-angle and the included angle, if the half-angle is greater than or equal to the included angle, it is determined that the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device.

[0017] Optionally, the tracking module is specifically used for: The beacon signal transmitted by the beacon source is received via a GNSS phased array antenna; The code delay, Doppler delay, and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, and the candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal. The candidate signal parameters that are successfully matched are used as local signal parameters, and the beacon signal is tracked based on the local signal parameters to obtain the tracking result.

[0018] Optionally, the tracking module is specifically used for: Determine whether this is the first time a match has been made with the beacon signal; If the first or previous match fails, the code delay, Doppler delay and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, wherein the initial value of the phase value in the local signal parameters is a preset value; The candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal.

[0019] Optionally, the tracking module is specifically used for: If it is not the first time, then obtain the previous tracking result and use the previous tracking result as the local signal parameter, and perform the step of tracking the beacon signal based on the local signal parameter to obtain the tracking result.

[0020] Optionally, the monitoring module is specifically used for: The multiple tracking results obtained within a preset time period are integrated and accumulated to obtain the integrated tracking result. Based on the integrated tracking results, the gain of the GNSS phased array antenna is monitored in real time.

[0021] Optionally, the monitoring module is further configured to: Based on the corrected Doppler delay and the preset Doppler frequency in the integrated tracking result, a Doppler compensation value is determined, which is used to track the beacon signal.

[0022] Optionally, the monitoring module is specifically used for: The tracking result after definite integration is forwarded to the satellite, so that the satellite can transmit the tracking result after integration to the ground for data inversion, thereby obtaining the gain monitoring result of the GNSS phased array antenna.

[0023] This application provides an on-orbit monitoring method and system for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna. Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: In this application, by acquiring the real-time location information of the detection equipment and the location information of the beacon source, it is determined whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range. When it enters, the GNSS phased array antenna installed on the detection equipment is used to track the beacon signal in real time, realizing real-time on-orbit gain monitoring of the antenna. This solves the problem in the prior art that subsequent on-orbit gain monitoring cannot be performed after the receiving antenna is installed on the detection equipment and put into operation. At the same time, since the antenna gain monitoring process is carried out in the actual application environment, the difference between the ground anechoic chamber environment and the actual application environment and the impact of changes in the performance of the receiving antenna on the measurement results can be reduced, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the measurement results. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of an on-orbit monitoring method for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna according to this application.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of a detection device and a beacon source according to this application.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the on-orbit monitoring process for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna according to this application.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a system architecture diagram of an on-orbit monitoring method for gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna according to this application.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of an on-orbit monitoring system for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna, as described in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0030] In related technologies, GNSS phased array antennas are typically scanned in all directions using a calibrated horn antenna in a ground-based anechoic chamber environment to obtain omnidirectional gain information. However, once the phased array antenna is installed on the detection equipment and put into operation, subsequent on-orbit gain change monitoring becomes impossible. Furthermore, the differences between the ground-based anechoic chamber environment and the actual application environment, as well as variations in the performance of the receiving antenna, make it difficult to guarantee the reliability and accuracy of the measurement results.

[0031] Based on this, this application proposes an on-orbit monitoring method for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna to solve the above problems. The following will describe in detail the on-orbit monitoring method for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna provided by this application through specific embodiments.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a step-by-step flowchart of an on-orbit monitoring method for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna according to this application. This method is applied to a detection device and may specifically include the following steps: S11: Obtain the real-time location information of the detection equipment and the beacon location information of the beacon source.

[0033] First, the detection equipment needs to obtain its own real-time location information and the beacon location information of the beacon source.

[0034] The detection equipment will use its internal positioning system, such as a high-precision satellite positioning module or other inertial navigation equipment, to determine its real-time position information accurately, including but not limited to the three-dimensional coordinates (longitude, latitude, altitude) and motion parameters (such as velocity, acceleration) of the detection equipment in the Earth coordinate system.

[0035] Meanwhile, the beacon source, as a signal transmission system used for antenna calibration, has its beacon location information pre-set and can be obtained through specific communication links or storage modules, including pre-set fixed coordinates (such as the latitude and longitude coordinates of ground beacon stations or the orbital parameters of spaceborne beacon sources).

[0036] S12: Based on real-time location information and beacon location information, determine whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection equipment. In this step, after obtaining the location information of both parties, it is possible to determine whether the beacon source is within the detectable range of the GNSS phased array antenna by calculating spatial geometric relationships.

[0037] Specifically, based on the acquired real-time location information and beacon location information, the relative distance, azimuth angle and elevation angle between the two can be derived, and combined with the field of view parameters of the GNSS phased array antenna (such as half-angle and beamwidth), the spatial boundary of the gain monitoring range can be constructed.

[0038] When the relative angle between the beacon source and the detection device (such as the angle subtended by the beacon source relative to the antenna phase center) is less than or equal to half the angle subtended by the antenna field of view, the beacon source is determined to have entered the gain monitoring range, and the antenna can effectively receive the beacon signal at this time; otherwise, the beacon source is determined not to have entered the calibration range, and the gain monitoring process is not started temporarily.

[0039] This step dynamically selects the timing for effective signal monitoring, avoids interference from invalid signals, and ensures that the constant gain monitoring process is only carried out within the spatial range where antenna performance can be accurately evaluated.

[0040] S13: When the beacon source enters the monitoring range, the beacon signal sent by the beacon source is tracked by the GNSS phased array antenna to obtain the tracking result. The GNSS phased array antenna is installed on the detection equipment.

[0041] Once the beacon source is confirmed to be within the monitoring range, the GNSS phased array antenna installed on the detection equipment begins to function. With its special structure and electromagnetic characteristics optimized for beacon signals, it can keenly capture the signals emitted by the beacon source.

[0042] After receiving a signal, the antenna continuously tracks the key characteristics of the beacon signal, such as how the signal frequency fluctuates over time, the pattern of phase change, and the magnitude of amplitude change. It records these detailed information that change over time to form a complete tracking result. These results are the core basis for subsequent accurate measurement of antenna gain.

[0043] S14: Monitor the GNSS phased array antenna based on the tracking results.

[0044] After obtaining the tracking results of the beacon signal, the ground inversion program will use professional antenna gain algorithms and models to deeply analyze the data characteristics of the signal phase, amplitude and other aspects in the tracking results. Combined with the antenna's theoretical model and pre-set performance parameters, it will accurately calculate the gain deviation information of the antenna in the actual process of receiving the beacon signal, so as to realize the on-orbit gain monitoring function of the GNSS phased array antenna.

[0045] In one implementation, before obtaining the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source in step S11, the method further includes: Acquire the status information of the detection device; the status information is used to indicate whether the gain monitoring mode is enabled. With gain monitoring mode enabled, the steps of acquiring the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source are performed.

[0046] In this implementation, the entire on-orbit calibration process of the antenna is not initiated directly by the acquisition of position information, but rather by first establishing triggering conditions through the judgment of the status of the detection equipment.

[0047] Specifically, the status information of the detection equipment can be obtained first. This information is usually in the form of hardware switch signals, software configuration parameters, or task instructions, and its core function is to determine whether the gain monitoring mode is currently enabled. For example, when the detection equipment is performing a routine GNSS interferometric altimetry task, the gain monitoring mode is turned off to avoid interference with the main task. However, when antenna gain stability monitoring is required (such as during regular maintenance or post-abnormality verification), the operator or the automatic task scheduling system will activate the monitoring mode, at which point the status information will indicate that "gain monitoring mode is activated." Only after confirming that the gain monitoring mode is enabled will the subsequent position information acquisition steps be triggered, namely, collecting the real-time on-orbit position of the detection equipment and the fixed position data of the beacon source.

[0048] In this way, on the one hand, unnecessary calibration operations can be avoided by judging the status, thus avoiding the occupation of equipment computing power, storage and communication resources and ensuring the efficient operation of routine detection tasks; on the other hand, a clear start threshold can be set for the gain monitoring process, which can reduce false triggers (such as invalid handling when the beacon source accidentally enters the field of view) and improve the stability of system operation.

[0049] In one implementation, in step S12, based on real-time location information and beacon location information, it is determined whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device, including: Obtain the half-angle of the GNSS phased array antenna; Based on real-time location information and beacon location information, determine the angle between the beacon source and the detection equipment; By comparing the half-angle and the included angle, if the half-angle is greater than or equal to the included angle, it is determined that the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection equipment.

[0050] In this implementation, the process of determining whether a beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range is essentially to accurately define the field of view of the GNSS phased array antenna through geometric angle comparison, ensuring that only beacon signals within the effective receiving range of the antenna will be used for gain monitoring.

[0051] Specifically, the first step is to obtain the half-angle of the GNSS phased array antenna. This parameter is determined by the physical design of the antenna and represents the spatial angle range in which the antenna can effectively receive signals (for example, if the half-angle is 30°, the antenna can stably receive signals in a sector area of ​​30° on both sides of its normal direction, but in practical applications, the half-angle is not limited to this).

[0052] Subsequently, based on the real-time location information of the detection equipment and the fixed location information of the beacon source, the relative angular relationship between the two can be determined through spatial geometric calculations, i.e., the angle between the beacon source and the detection equipment. The calculation of this angle requires combining data such as the geocentric coordinate system, satellite orbit parameters, and the latitude and longitude of the beacon source, and is derived through spherical trigonometry formulas, which intuitively reflects the azimuth of the beacon source in the sky at the location of the detection equipment.

[0053] For example, such as Figure 2 The diagram shows the locations of the detection equipment and the beacon source, where S represents the location of the beacon source and C represents the location of the detection equipment. The velocity of the detection equipment is given by P, the distance between CS is given by H, the distance between CO is given by R, the Earth's radius is given by O, and the Earth's center is given by O. ψ is the angle between the beacon source and the detection equipment, and ψ is the half-angle of the field of view of the GNSS phased array antenna.

[0054] Since the locations of the detection equipment and the beacon source are known, we can conclude that:

[0055] Furthermore, the determination is made by comparing the value of half-angle with the aforementioned included angle: if half-angle is greater than or equal to the included angle, it indicates that the beacon source is within the field of view coverage of the GNSS phased array antenna, and the beacon signal it transmits can be effectively captured and tracked by the antenna, thus determining that the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range; conversely, if the included angle exceeds half-angle, the beacon source is outside the antenna's field of view, and the signal reception quality cannot be guaranteed, so the subsequent gain monitoring process is not initiated.

[0056] This angle-based judgment method can accurately match the physical characteristics of the antenna, avoiding signal distortion caused by the beacon source being at the edge or outside of the field of view, which affects the measurement accuracy and provides a reliable prerequisite for subsequent signal tracking and antenna gain calculation.

[0057] In one implementation, in step S13, the beacon signal transmitted by the beacon source is tracked using a GNSS phased array antenna to obtain the tracking result, including: Receive beacon signals transmitted by a beacon source using a GNSS phased array antenna; Iterate through the code delay, Doppler delay, and phase to generate candidate signal parameters, and match the candidate signal parameters with the beacon signal; The successfully matched candidate signal parameters are used as local signal parameters, and the beacon signal is tracked based on the local signal parameters to obtain the tracking result.

[0058] In this implementation, the process of tracking beacon signals and obtaining tracking results through a GNSS phased array antenna can achieve high-precision matching between local signals and received signals, providing reliable data for subsequent antenna gain results.

[0059] Specifically, firstly, the GNSS phased array antenna, as the physical carrier for signal reception, continuously captures the beacon signals sent by the beacon source. These signals are usually modulated with pseudo-random codes (such as spreading codes of a specific sequence) and carry preset carrier frequency information. However, during propagation, they will experience code delay due to distance changes, Doppler shift due to relative motion, and phase shift due to propagation path (such as atmospheric effects), resulting in differences between the actual parameters of the received signal and the theoretical values.

[0060] To find parameters that match the received signal, candidate signal parameters can be generated through a traversal search: for the three dimensions of the beacon signal, code delay (time offset of pseudo-random code), Doppler delay (carrier frequency offset), and phase (initial phase deviation of the carrier), several candidate values ​​are divided within a preset reasonable range.

[0061] For example, code delay covers a complete pseudo-random code period (e.g., 1 millisecond), generating candidate values ​​with a step size of 1 / 4 chip; Doppler delay covers a possible frequency offset range of ±10 kHz, divided with a step size of 100 Hz; and phase generates candidate values ​​in the range of 0 to 2π at fixed angular intervals (e.g., 30°).

[0062] Subsequently, these candidate signal parameters can be combined to generate local candidate signals, and their correlation with the received beacon signals can be calculated. When the correlation value between the local signal corresponding to a certain set of candidate parameters and the received signal exceeds a preset threshold, the set of parameters is considered to be a successful match, meaning that it is close to the true parameters of the beacon signal.

[0063] Successfully matched candidate signal parameters are used as local signal parameters, and a dynamic tracking process is initiated based on these parameters. Because the relative position and motion state of the detection equipment and the beacon source are constantly changing (e.g., distance and velocity continuously change due to satellite operation in orbit), code delay, Doppler offset, and phase also dynamically drift over time. A delay-locked loop (DLL) can be used to fine-tune the code delay in real time, ensuring that the local pseudo-random code remains time-aligned with the code sequence of the received signal; a phase-locked loop (PLL) can be used to continuously correct the phase, offsetting phase deviations caused by propagation path and hardware drift; and the local carrier frequency can be adjusted based on the rate of change of Doppler offset to maintain frequency synchronization.

[0064] Ultimately, the stable parameters output through this dynamic tracking (including real-time code delay, Doppler offset, phase difference, etc.) become the tracking results for the phased array antenna. This solves the problem of unknown initial signal parameters and adapts to the dynamic characteristics of parameter changes over time, providing high-precision signal characteristic data for subsequent antenna gain values ​​based on the tracking results.

[0065] In one implementation, the code delay, Doppler delay, and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, and the candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal, including: Determine if this is the first match with the beacon signal; If the first or previous match fails, the code delay, Doppler delay and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters. The initial value of the phase value in the local signal parameters is a preset value. Match candidate signal parameters with beacon signals.

[0066] In this implementation, the generation of candidate signal parameters and the matching process of beacon signals are dynamically adjusted based on historical matching status to balance search efficiency and matching accuracy.

[0067] Specifically, the first step is to determine whether this is the first time a match has been made with the beacon signal, or whether the previous match ended in failure. This determination can be based on the system's internal status records. In other words, if there is no valid matching history for the beacon signal in the records (first match), or if no relevant peak value meeting the threshold was found during the previous match (match failure), it means that the system lacks reusable signal parameter references and a full-range parameter search needs to be initiated.

[0068] At this point, a comprehensive traversal of the three dimensions—code delay, Doppler delay, and phase—can be performed to generate candidate signal parameters covering a reasonable range. For example, code delay is generated as candidate values ​​with subdivided step sizes within a complete pseudo-random code period, ensuring that no possible code phase positions are missed; Doppler delay is generated as candidate values ​​at fixed frequency intervals within a preset maximum frequency offset range to cover all frequency shifts that may be caused by relative motion; and phase is divided into several candidate initial values ​​within the range of 0 to 2π. It is worth noting that since there is no historical phase data to refer to when the first match or the previous match fails, the initial phase value in the local signal parameters will use a preset fixed value (usually 0) as the starting point for phase search.

[0069] After generating candidate signal parameters, the correlation between the local signal corresponding to each set of candidate signal parameters and the received beacon signal can be calculated: by convolving the local pseudo-random code with the code sequence of the received signal, and combining the matching degree of carrier frequency and phase, the correlation strength between the two is evaluated. When the correlation value of a set of candidate parameters exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the match is successful, and this set of parameters will be used as the initial local signal parameters for subsequent tracking; if no parameters meet the conditions after traversal, the match failure is recorded, and the search is awaited in the next round or other optimization strategies are triggered (such as expanding the search range, adjusting the step size, etc.). In this way, the parameter coverage is guaranteed to be complete when the first match or the match fails, and the processing logic when there is no reference information is simplified by setting the initial phase value. In the end, while ensuring the reliability of the match, unnecessary waste of computing power is avoided.

[0070] In one implementation, after determining whether it is the first match with the beacon signal, the method further includes: If it is not the first time, then obtain the previous tracking result and use the previous tracking result as the local signal parameter, and perform the step of tracking the beacon signal based on the local signal parameter to obtain the tracking result.

[0071] In this implementation, when it is determined that this is not the first time matching with a beacon signal, historical data will be fully utilized to optimize the processing flow. By reusing existing information, redundant calculations will be reduced, thereby improving tracking efficiency and stability.

[0072] Specifically, if the system records a valid matching history for the beacon signal, it means that signal acquisition and tracking were successfully completed previously, and the tracking parameters output during the last tracking process were stored. These parameters reflect the state of the signal at the end of the most recent tracking and usually have strong continuity with the current signal parameters. At this point, the previous tracking result can be directly retrieved and used as the initial value of the local signal parameters, skipping the full range of candidate parameter traversal and directly entering the dynamic tracking stage based on these parameters. During the tracking process, closed-loop control mechanisms such as delay-locked loop and phase-locked loop are used to fine-tune the parameters starting from historical parameters: for code delay, it is corrected in real time according to the time difference between the received signal and the local code to offset the delay drift caused by distance changes; for Doppler offset, the local carrier frequency is adjusted based on the frequency change rate to adapt to subtle changes in relative speed; for phase, the initial phase value is continuously optimized by comparing the instantaneous phase difference between the local signal and the received signal to ensure phase synchronization accuracy.

[0073] Ultimately, a high-precision match is achieved between the local signal and the current beacon signal, outputting new tracking results. By utilizing the temporal continuity of signal parameters, this avoids repeatedly performing time-consuming full-range searches, significantly improving system response speed. Simultaneously, the fine-tuning process, starting with historical tracking results, converges to a stable state more quickly, reducing the risk of tracking loss due to parameter jumps and providing more continuous and reliable signal characteristic data for subsequent antenna gain calculations.

[0074] For example, the process of generating candidate signal parameters by iterating through code delay, Doppler delay, and phase can be described by the following formula:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] in, To detect the speed of the equipment, To detect the line-of-sight speed between the detection device and the beacon source, The Doppler delay caused by the relative motion between the detection device and the beacon source, where λ is the signal wavelength. D represents the beacon signal transmitted from the transmitter, and D represents the pseudo-random code of the beacon signal. Specify code delay for user, For carrier frequency, The preset Doppler frequency specified by the user. This is the initial value of the phase. For the receiving end beacon signal, For local beacon code delay, The local downconversion carrier frequency. To generate the initial phase locally, The delay is caused by the distance between the satellite and the beacon source.

[0081] In one implementation, in step S14, based on the tracking results, real-time gain monitoring of the GNSS phased array antenna is performed, including: Multiple tracking results obtained within a preset time period are integrated and accumulated to obtain an integrated tracking result; based on the integrated tracking result, the gain of the GNSS phased array antenna is monitored in real time.

[0082] In this implementation, the integral accumulation method improves data reliability, reduces noise interference by accumulating information in the time dimension, and ensures the stability of tracking results.

[0083] Specifically, multiple tracking results acquired continuously within a preset time period (e.g., from several hundred milliseconds to several seconds, set according to signal stability requirements) can be integrated and accumulated. This is because a single tracking result may be affected by instantaneous noise (such as electromagnetic interference, atmospheric scintillation) and random equipment errors (such as receiver thermal noise), causing fluctuations in key parameters such as signal strength and phase difference. For example, the tracking result at a certain moment may show an abnormally low signal strength due to sudden noise, which would cause deviations in antenna gain evaluation if used directly for gain calculation.

[0084] By integrating and accumulating, tracking data from multiple moments (including code delay deviation, Doppler offset, signal power, etc.) can be superimposed or averaged in a time series. This can amplify the effective characteristics of the beacon signal (signal components are enhanced due to periodicity or correlation during integration) and suppress random noise (noise components cancel each other out due to irregularity), ultimately resulting in a tracking result with a higher signal-to-noise ratio and better stability after integration.

[0085] After obtaining the integrated tracking results, the real-time gain of the GNSS phased array antenna can be calculated based on these results: combining the known transmit power of the beacon source and the signal propagation path loss model, the actual receive gain of the GNSS phased array antenna at the current angle can be inferred.

[0086] In this way, the information redundancy in the time dimension is fully utilized, the impact of instantaneous interference on a single data point is effectively overcome, and the tracking result after integration is closer to the true performance of the antenna, thus providing a true gain measurement result for the GNSS phased array antenna.

[0087] In one implementation, after integrating and accumulating multiple tracking results obtained within a preset time period, the method further includes: Based on the corrected Doppler delay and preset Doppler frequency in the integrated tracking result (i.e., the final tracking result), the Doppler compensation value is determined, and the Doppler compensation value is used to track the beacon signal.

[0088] In this implementation, the statistical characteristics of historical tracking data can be combined with a preset Doppler frequency to generate a dynamic correction value, i.e., a Doppler compensation value, for subsequent signal tracking. This improves the real-time compensation accuracy for beacon signal frequency offset and ensures the long-term stability of the tracking process.

[0089] Specifically, after integration and accumulation over a preset period, the integrated tracking result includes the corrected Doppler delay. This parameter is an optimized value obtained by denoising and averaging the Doppler offsets in multiple tracking results. It eliminates the interference of instantaneous noise and more accurately reflects the true Doppler offset trend caused by the relative motion between the detection device and the beacon source.

[0090] At the same time, a preset Doppler frequency can be introduced, which is a fixed reference frequency set by the user in advance (such as a known frequency offset added artificially when the beacon source transmits the signal, or a reference value set by the system according to the task requirements), to serve as the anchor point for Doppler compensation, ensuring that the compensation process takes into account both theoretical presets and actual measurements.

[0091] By fusing the corrected Doppler delay with the preset Doppler frequency, a Doppler compensation value can be obtained. This compensation value includes both the correction for the dynamic Doppler shift caused by actual motion and the anchoring to the preset reference frequency, thus comprehensively covering both "actual motion error" and "system preset deviation" sources of frequency shift.

[0092] For example, the following formula can be used to fuse the corrected Doppler delay with the preset Doppler frequency:

[0093] in, To correct for Doppler delay, The beacon signal's inherent preset Doppler frequency, This is the Doppler compensation value for the code generator. This is the ratio of the local code rate to the carrier frequency, and it is a fixed value.

[0094] The generated Doppler compensation value can be directly used in the subsequent beacon signal tracking process: when adjusting the local carrier frequency, the system uses this compensation value as a basis to correct the frequency parameters of the local signal in real time, ensuring that it is consistent with the actual frequency of the beacon signal. This avoids the influence of random errors from a single tracking result, making frequency synchronization more robust, and thus providing a stable signal foundation for continuous GNSS phased array antenna monitoring.

[0095] In one implementation, based on the tracking results after integration, real-time antenna gain monitoring of the GNSS phased array antenna is performed, including: The integrated tracking results are forwarded to the satellite, which then transmits the integrated tracking results to the ground for data inversion, thereby obtaining the gain measurement (calculation) results for the GNSS phased array antenna. In this implementation, the gain monitoring process of the GNSS phased array antenna based on the tracking results after integration combines the raw measurement information acquired in orbit with the professional inversion capabilities on the ground through a space-ground collaborative data processing mode.

[0096] Specifically, after the detection equipment obtains the integrated tracking results through integration and accumulation, it can forward these integrated tracking results to the corresponding satellite via the onboard communication link. The satellite typically acts as a data relay, responsible for stably transmitting the measurement information acquired by the detection equipment to the ground station. This is to prevent the detection equipment from being limited by the computing power, storage, and energy constraints of on-orbit operation, making it difficult to independently complete high-precision inversion.

[0097] After the satellite relays the integrated tracking results to the ground, the ground data processing center initiates a dedicated inversion process: First, the received tracking data is preprocessed. Then, combined with auxiliary information such as the precise location of the beacon source, the on-orbit trajectory of the detection equipment, and atmospheric propagation models, the actual gain value of the GNSS phased array antenna at different angles is inverted using radio wave propagation theory. Subsequently, the inversion results are compared with the antenna's factory data and historical on-orbit data to analyze the on-orbit gain variation trend of the phased array antenna, and finally, the gain stability results for the GNSS phased array antenna are generated.

[0098] In this way, the advantages of on-orbit data acquisition by the detection equipment are leveraged, and the professional capabilities of the ground system are used to achieve high-precision gain calculation, balancing real-time performance and accuracy, and providing reliable support for the long-term on-orbit performance calibration of GNSS phased array antennas.

[0099] like Figure 3 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating an on-orbit monitoring method for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna, as provided in a specific embodiment of this application. The method includes: First, check if the gain monitoring mode switch is turned on. If it is not turned on, skip the gain monitoring step directly. If it is turned on, continue with the gain monitoring steps. The coverage area of ​​the GNSS phased array antenna is calculated using the real-time location information of the detection equipment and the location information of the transmitter provided by the detection equipment. Then the calibration source enters the gain monitoring range of the GNSS phased array antenna. If the detection device does not enter the gain monitoring range, it will skip directly and return to the main task of the detection device. If it enters the gain monitoring range for the first time, it will start to capture the beacon signal. If it is the first capture, the initial phase value is 0; if it is not the first capture, the result of the previous beacon signal capture is obtained, and it is determined whether the previous beacon signal capture was successful.

[0100] If the previous beacon acquisition failed, beacon signal acquisition is initiated to determine if the current beacon signal acquisition was successful. If successful, beacon signal tracking is performed. The local beacon signal generator generates a local beacon signal, achieving phase and delay matching with the beacon signal to obtain the beacon signal acquisition result. If the previous beacon acquisition was successful, skip signal acquisition and proceed directly to the beacon signal tracking unit; The system generates a local beacon signal and performs real-time signal matching and tracking with the input signal, then outputs the tracking results. The signal tracking results are integrated and accumulated to amplify and filter the data results; The integrated tracking results are remeasured to obtain the Doppler compensation value, and the local beacon code is updated again.

[0101] The data output unit transmits the integrated tracking results to the satellite system, which then forwards them to the ground for data inversion, retrieving the GNSS phased array antenna gain results during gain monitoring.

[0102] like Figure 4 The diagram shown is a system architecture diagram of an on-orbit monitoring method for gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna, provided in a specific embodiment of this application. It includes a prediction unit, a beacon signal generator, a signal acquisition unit, a signal tracking unit, and a monitoring unit. The monitoring unit includes a signal adjustment unit, an integration and accumulation unit, and a data output unit.

[0103] When the gain monitoring mode is activated, the prediction unit first determines whether the GNSS phased array antenna has reached the coverage area of ​​the beacon's transmitted signal. If it has, the signal acquisition unit is activated to acquire the beacon signal via down-conversion (i.e., to receive the signal transmitted by the GNSS phased array antenna). Upon successful acquisition, the signal tracking unit tracks the signal. The tracking result is integrated and accumulated by the integration and accumulation unit, and then processed by the signal adjustment unit. Based on the signal Doppler information, the beacon signal generator is controlled to achieve stable signal tracking. Finally, the measurement data is forwarded to the satellite data transmission system via the data output unit. When the GNSS phased array antenna leaves the beacon signal area, the on-orbit gain monitoring mode is automatically deactivated, and the system automatically switches to normal operating mode to perform normal detection tasks.

[0104] As can be seen from the above, the solution provided in this application determines whether the beacon source has entered the monitoring range by acquiring the real-time location information of the detection equipment and the beacon source location information. When the beacon source enters the monitoring range, the GNSS phased array antenna installed on the detection equipment is used to track the beacon signal in real time, thereby realizing on-orbit gain monitoring of the antenna. This solves the problem in the prior art that subsequent on-orbit gain monitoring cannot be performed after the receiving antenna is installed on the detection equipment and put into operation. At the same time, since the gain monitoring process is carried out in the actual application environment, the difference between the ground anechoic chamber environment and the actual application environment and the impact of changes in the performance of the receiving antenna on the measurement results can be reduced, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the measurement results.

[0105] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to this application, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily required by this application.

[0106] Reference Figure 5 This paper illustrates a structural block diagram of an on-orbit monitoring system for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna, applicable to detection equipment. The system includes: The acquisition module 201 is used to acquire the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source; The judgment module 202 is used to determine whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information; Tracking module 203 is used to track the beacon signal sent by the beacon source through a GNSS phased array antenna when the beacon source enters the gain monitoring range, and obtain the tracking result. The GNSS phased array antenna is installed on the detection device. The monitoring module 204 is used to perform real-time gain monitoring of the GNSS phased array antenna based on the tracking results.

[0107] Optionally, the acquisition module 201 is further configured to: Acquire the status information of the detection device, which is used to indicate whether the gain monitoring mode is enabled; When the gain monitoring mode is enabled, the step of obtaining the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source is performed.

[0108] Optionally, the determination module 202 is further configured to: Obtain the half-angle of the GNSS phased array antenna; Based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information, the angle between the beacon source and the detection device is determined; By comparing the half-angle and the included angle, if the half-angle is greater than or equal to the included angle, it is determined that the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device.

[0109] Optionally, the tracking module 203 is specifically used for: The beacon signal transmitted by the beacon source is received via a GNSS phased array antenna; The code delay, Doppler delay, and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, and the candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal. The candidate signal parameters that are successfully matched are used as local signal parameters, and the beacon signal is tracked based on the local signal parameters to obtain the tracking result.

[0110] Optionally, the tracking module 203 is specifically used for: Determine whether this is the first time a match has been made with the beacon signal; If the first or previous match fails, the code delay, Doppler delay and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, wherein the initial value of the phase value in the local signal parameters is a preset value; The candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal.

[0111] Optionally, the tracking module 203 is specifically used for: If it is not the first time, then obtain the previous tracking result and use the previous tracking result as the local signal parameter, and perform the step of tracking the beacon signal based on the local signal parameter to obtain the tracking result.

[0112] Optionally, the monitoring module 204 is specifically used for: The multiple tracking results obtained within a preset time period are integrated and accumulated to obtain the integrated tracking result. Based on the integrated tracking results, the gain of the GNSS phased array antenna is monitored in real time.

[0113] Optionally, the monitoring module 204 is further configured to: Based on the corrected Doppler delay and the preset Doppler frequency in the integrated tracking result, a Doppler compensation value is determined, which is used to track the beacon signal.

[0114] Optionally, the monitoring module 204 is specifically used for: The integrated tracking result is forwarded to the satellite, so that the satellite transmits the integrated tracking result to the ground for data inversion, thereby obtaining the gain measurement result of the GNSS phased array antenna.

[0115] As can be seen from the above, the solution provided in this application determines whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range by acquiring the real-time location information of the detection equipment and the beacon source location information. When the beacon source enters the range, the GNSS phased array antenna installed on the detection equipment is used to track the beacon signal in real time, thereby realizing on-orbit gain monitoring of the antenna. This solves the problem in the prior art that subsequent on-orbit gain monitoring cannot be performed after the GNSS phased array antenna is installed on the detection equipment and put into operation. At the same time, since the gain monitoring process is carried out in the actual application environment, the difference between the ground anechoic chamber environment and the actual application environment and the impact of changes in the performance of the receiving antenna on the measurement results can be reduced, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the measurement results.

[0116] As the system implementation is basically similar to the method implementation, it is described in a relatively simple way. For relevant details, please refer to the description of the method implementation.

[0117] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0118] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0119] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application are included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for on-orbit monitoring of the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna, characterized in that, Applied to a detection device, the method includes: Obtain the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source; Based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information, it is determined whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device; When the beacon source enters the gain monitoring range, the beacon signal transmitted by the beacon source is tracked by a GNSS phased array antenna to obtain the tracking result. The GNSS phased array antenna is installed on the detection device. Based on the tracking results, the gain of the GNSS phased array antenna is monitored in real time.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before acquiring the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source, the method further includes: Acquire the status information of the detection device, which is used to indicate whether the gain monitoring mode is enabled; When the gain monitoring mode is enabled, the step of obtaining the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source is performed.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information includes: Obtain the half-angle of the GNSS phased array antenna; Based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information, the angle between the beacon source and the detection device is determined; By comparing the half-angle and the included angle, if the half-angle is greater than or equal to the included angle, it is determined that the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of tracking the beacon signal transmitted by the beacon source using a GNSS phased array antenna to obtain the tracking result includes: The beacon signal transmitted by the beacon source is received via a GNSS phased array antenna; The code delay, Doppler delay, and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, and the candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal. The candidate signal parameters that are successfully matched are used as local signal parameters, and the beacon signal is tracked based on the local signal parameters to obtain the tracking result.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The traversal code delay, Doppler delay, and phase are used to generate candidate signal parameters, and the candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal, including: Determine whether this is the first time a match has been made with the beacon signal; If the first or previous match fails, the code delay, Doppler delay and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, wherein the initial value of the phase value in the local signal parameters is a preset value; The candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After determining whether it is the first match with the beacon signal, the process further includes: If it is not the first time, then obtain the previous tracking result and use the previous tracking result as the local signal parameter, and perform the step of tracking the beacon signal based on the local signal parameter to obtain the tracking result.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time gain monitoring of the GNSS phased array antenna based on the tracking results includes: The multiple tracking results obtained within a preset time period are integrated and accumulated to obtain the integrated tracking result; Based on the integrated tracking results, the gain of the GNSS phased array antenna is monitored in real time.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, After integrating and accumulating the multiple tracking results obtained within a preset time period to obtain the integrated tracking result, the method further includes: Based on the corrected Doppler delay and the preset Doppler frequency in the integrated tracking result, a Doppler compensation value is determined, which is used to track the beacon signal.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The real-time gain monitoring of the GNSS phased array antenna based on the integrated tracking result includes: The integrated tracking result is forwarded to the satellite, so that the satellite transmits the integrated tracking result to the ground for data inversion, thereby obtaining the gain measurement result of the GNSS phased array antenna.

10. An on-orbit monitoring system for the gain stability of a spaceborne GNSS phased array antenna, characterized in that, The system, applied to detection equipment, includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source; The judgment module is used to determine whether the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information. The tracking module is used to track the beacon signal sent by the beacon source through a GNSS phased array antenna when the beacon source enters the gain monitoring range, and to obtain the tracking result. The GNSS phased array antenna is installed on the detection device. The monitoring module is used to perform real-time gain monitoring of the GNSS phased array antenna based on the tracking results.

11. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The acquisition module is also used for: Acquire the status information of the detection device, which is used to indicate whether the gain monitoring mode is enabled; When the gain monitoring mode is enabled, the step of obtaining the real-time location information of the detection device and the beacon location information of the beacon source is performed.

12. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The judgment module is also used for: Obtain the half-angle of the GNSS phased array antenna; Based on the real-time location information and the beacon location information, the angle between the beacon source and the detection device is determined; By comparing the half-angle and the included angle, if the half-angle is greater than or equal to the included angle, it is determined that the beacon source has entered the gain monitoring range of the detection device.

13. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The tracking module is specifically used for: The beacon signal transmitted by the beacon source is received via a GNSS phased array antenna; The code delay, Doppler delay, and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, and the candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal. The candidate signal parameters that are successfully matched are used as local signal parameters, and the beacon signal is tracked based on the local signal parameters to obtain the tracking result.

14. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The tracking module is specifically used for: Determine whether this is the first time a match has been made with the beacon signal; If the first or previous match fails, the code delay, Doppler delay and phase are traversed to generate candidate signal parameters, wherein the initial value of the phase value in the local signal parameters is a preset value; The candidate signal parameters are matched with the beacon signal.

15. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The tracking module is specifically used for: If it is not the first time, then obtain the previous tracking result and use the previous tracking result as the local signal parameter, and perform the step of tracking the beacon signal based on the local signal parameter to obtain the tracking result.

16. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The monitoring module is specifically used for: The multiple tracking results obtained within a preset time period are integrated and accumulated to obtain the integrated tracking result; Based on the integrated tracking results, the gain of the GNSS phased array antenna is monitored in real time.

17. The system according to claim 16, characterized in that, The monitoring module is also used for: Based on the corrected Doppler delay and the preset Doppler frequency in the integrated tracking result, a Doppler compensation value is determined, which is used to track the beacon signal.

18. The system according to claim 16, characterized in that, The monitoring module is specifically used for: The integrated tracking result is forwarded to the satellite, so that the satellite transmits the integrated tracking result to the ground for data inversion, thereby obtaining the gain measurement result of the GNSS phased array antenna.

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