High-gain antenna

Abstract

The utility model provides a high gain antenna, which comprises an antenna body and a metal baffle plate arranged around the antenna body, the antenna body comprises a feed pin, a dielectric substrate and a radiation electrode fixed on the surface of the dielectric substrate, the feed pin is electrically connected with the radiation electrode, and the height H of the metal baffle plate is not greater than the maximum height D of the antenna body. And the minimum distance L1 from the metal baffle plate to the center of the feed needle and the maximum side length L of the dielectric substrate meet the condition that L1 is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 * L. The unique structure that the metal baffle is arranged around the antenna is adopted, the electromagnetic environment around the antenna is effectively changed by means of the reflection, shielding and diversion effects of the metal baffle on electromagnetic waves, and the effect of remarkably improving the antenna gain in a limited space is successfully achieved. The dual requirements of modern electronic equipment for antenna miniaturization and high performance are fully considered, the bottleneck of gain improvement in a limited space in the traditional antenna design is broken through, and powerful support is provided for efficient and stable operation of a satellite navigation system in a complex environment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of antenna and particularly relates to a high-gain antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the modern communication technology rapid development, as the core component of satellite navigation system, the performance of antenna plays a decisive role in the efficiency of the whole communication system. From the early analog communication to the current 5G and even the future 6G communication era, the requirement for antenna performance is increasingly stringent. It has become a key issue in the field of communication to improve the antenna gain in limited space.

[0003] The existing antenna design has many limitations in gain improvement. Traditional antenna structure and design method, such as simple dipole antenna, patch antenna, etc., are difficult to significantly improve the gain by optimizing the structure in limited space. Although the gain can be improved by increasing the size of the antenna, this is contrary to the trend of modern device miniaturization. In addition, although the complex multi-antenna array technology can improve the gain to a certain extent, it will increase the complexity and cost of the system, and the layout in limited space is extremely difficult. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative antenna design scheme that can effectively improve the antenna gain in limited space to meet the growing communication needs. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the application provides a high-gain antenna, which effectively improves the antenna gain in limited space by setting a metal baffle around the antenna.

[0005] The utility model provides a kind of high-gain antenna, and the antenna includes antenna body and the metal baffle being set around antenna body, wherein, antenna body includes feed needle, dielectric matrix and the radiation electrode fixed to the surface of dielectric matrix, feed needle is electrically connected with radiation electrode, the height H of metal baffle is less than or equal to the maximum height D of antenna body, the minimum distance L1 of metal baffle to feed needle center meets the condition L1≥1 / 2×L with the maximum side length L of dielectric matrix.

[0006] In the above technical solution, the limitation of the height H of the metal baffle and the minimum distance L1 of the metal baffle to the center of the feed needle helps to avoid excessive interference of the metal baffle to the antenna radiation, and ensures that the antenna realizes high gain performance under appropriate space layout, so that the antenna can improve the radiation characteristics by using the metal baffle under the specified structure parameters, and the metal baffle position and size will not affect the normal work of the antenna.

[0007] Further, the metal baffle is provided with a plurality of groups of adjacent groove portions and protrusion portions. The groove portions and the protrusion portions change the electromagnetic field distribution around the metal baffle, and further enhance the regulation ability of the antenna radiation. By reasonably designing the shape, size and distribution of the grooves and protrusions, the radiation intensity of the antenna in a specific direction can be enhanced, the gain and directivity of the antenna are improved, and the overall performance of the antenna is optimized, so that the antenna is more suitable for different application scenarios.

[0008] Further, the metal baffle is made of pure metal or PCB copper-clad plate. Pure metal has good electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance, effectively reflects and guides electromagnetic waves, and improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The metal baffle made of PCB copper-clad plate has mature manufacturing process and relatively low cost, and can also meet the requirements of the antenna on the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic performance of the metal baffle, which is beneficial to large-scale production and application, and reduces the production cost.

[0009] Further, the distance H2 between the bottom surface of the groove portion and the reflection layer is less than the height H1 of the groove portion and / or the protrusion portion. By reasonably adjusting the relationship between H2 and H1, the electromagnetic field distribution around the antenna is optimized, the radiation of the antenna in a specific direction is more concentrated, and the gain and directivity of the antenna are improved, and the radiation performance of the antenna is improved.

[0010] Further, the width W2 of the groove portion is less than or equal to the width W1 of the protrusion portion. The grooves and protrusions with different widths can form a specific electromagnetic structure, affect the propagation and reflection of electromagnetic waves, and thus adjust the radiation pattern and gain characteristics of the antenna, so that the antenna can better meet the requirements of signal radiation and reception in different application scenarios.

[0011] Further, the antenna body includes a feed pin, and an upper layer radiation electrode, an upper layer dielectric substrate, a lower layer radiation electrode and a lower layer dielectric substrate arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The lower surface of the lower layer dielectric substrate is provided with a reflection layer, and the reflection layer is connected with the feed pin. The upper layer radiation electrode and the lower layer radiation electrode are responsible for generating and radiating electromagnetic waves, and the upper layer dielectric substrate and the lower layer dielectric substrate provide support and insulation for the radiation electrode, and ensure the stability of the electrical performance of the antenna. The reflection layer is connected with the feed pin, which can effectively reflect electromagnetic waves and improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna. At the same time, the signal is introduced into the antenna through the feed pin, and the connection between the antenna and the external circuit is realized.

[0012] Further, the feeding needle comprises an upper feeding needle and a lower feeding needle with a metal cap, and the upper and lower dielectric substrates are provided with upper and lower feeding needle holes for mounting the upper feeding needle, the upper and lower feeding needle holes are through, and the lower feeding needle hole is embedded with an insulating sleeve. The metal cap can enhance the signal coupling between the feeding needle and the radiation electrode, and improve the signal transmission efficiency. The through upper and lower feeding needle holes embedded with the insulating sleeve can facilitate the installation and positioning of the feeding needle, and the insulating sleeve can prevent the upper feeding needle from electrically short-circuiting with the dielectric substrate, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the antenna.

[0013] Further, the lower dielectric substrate is further provided with a third feeding needle hole, and the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a hole disc corresponding to the third feeding needle hole. The third feeding needle hole and the hole disc are arranged for mounting the lower feeding needle, and the hole disc can provide positioning and support for the installation of the lower feeding needle, thereby ensuring the accuracy and stability of the installation of the lower feeding needle, and ensuring the close connection between the parts of the antenna and the good electrical performance, thereby further improving the overall performance and reliability of the antenna.

[0014] Further, the upper feeding needle further comprises a clamping portion one and an extension portion matched with the insulating sleeve, and the cross-sectional diameter of the extension portion is smaller than that of the clamping portion one. The clamping portion one can better fix the upper feeding needle in the upper dielectric substrate during installation, prevent the feeding needle from loosening or shifting, and ensure the stability of signal transmission. The extension portion is matched with the insulating sleeve, and the cross-sectional diameter of the extension portion is smaller than that of the clamping portion one, so that the extension portion can smoothly pass through the insulating sleeve and be connected with the reflecting layer, and meanwhile, the good cooperation between the feeding needle and the insulating sleeve can be ensured, thereby reducing the interference and loss in the signal transmission process.

[0015] Further, the upper radiation electrode has an outer dimension of 35mm*35mm*4mm, the lower radiation electrode has an outer dimension of 40mm*40mm*8mm, and the reflecting layer is a square with a side length in the range of 42-90mm. The appropriate size of the radiation electrode can ensure that the antenna has good radiation performance in a specific frequency band, and the range of the side length of the reflecting layer can effectively reflect electromagnetic waves, improve the gain and directivity of the antenna, and enable the antenna to realize high gain and stable signal transmission in the designed working frequency band.

[0016] Further, the minimum distance L1 from the metal baffle to the center of the upper feeding needle satisfies the condition of L1≥1 / 2*L, and the maximum side length L of the lower dielectric substrate. The design of L1≥1 / 2*L optimizes the electromagnetic performance of the antenna, improves the gain and directivity, reduces signal interference, and enhances the adaptability in complex environments; at the same time, it ensures the stability of the antenna structure, is convenient for integration with other equipment, reduces the design and manufacturing cost, and improves the production efficiency.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial results of the utility model are that:

[0018] 1. The structure is optimized to improve the gain, the metal baffle is arranged around the antenna body, cooperates with the optimized electromagnetic environment, enhances the directivity of the antenna, makes the radiation energy more concentrated, significantly improves the gain, and avoids interference, and ensures stable work of the antenna.

[0019] 2. The metal baffle is provided with grooves and protrusions, the electromagnetic field distribution is changed, and the flow guiding capacity for antenna radiation is enhanced. The accurate size of the groove part and the protrusion part is adjusted to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0020] 3. The metal baffle is made of pure metal or PCB copper foil, and the performance and cost are considered. The layered antenna body makes each part work cooperatively, realizes efficient signal transmission and radiation, and improves the radiation efficiency.

[0021] 4. The unique feed pin structure and through hole design realize accurate and stable feeding, reduce signal interference and loss. The third feed pin hole / fourth feed pin hole and hole disc are arranged to ensure stable installation of the lower layer feed pin, ensure that the parts of the antenna are connected closely and have good electrical performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments and serve to explain principles of the present application. Other embodiments and many of the intended advantages of the embodiments will be readily appreciated as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. Like reference numbers designate corresponding similar parts.

[0023] Figure 1 is a whole structure diagram of the high-gain antenna according to the present application;

[0024] Figures 2a-2b is a top view and A-A direction sectional view of the high-gain antenna according to the present application;

[0025] Figures 3a-3b is a structure diagram of the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper layer dielectric substrate according to the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 is a structure diagram of the lower layer dielectric substrate according to the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 is a structure diagram of the upper layer feed pin according to the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 is a structure diagram of the lower layer feed pin according to the present application;

[0029] Figure 7It is a structure diagram of the metal baffle according to the utility model;

[0030] Figure 8 It is simulation experiment data of the antenna body with the metal baffle according to the utility model;

[0031] The meaning of each number in the figure: 100 - upper layer radiation electrode, 200 - upper layer dielectric base, 300 - lower layer radiation electrode, 400 - lower layer dielectric base, 500 - reflection layer, 600 - metal baffle, 700 - center via, 800 - feed needle, 101 - frequency modulation part, 201 - upper layer first feed needle hole, 202 - upper layer second feed needle hole, 203 - hole disc, 401 - lower layer first feed needle hole, 402 - lower layer second feed needle hole, 403 - third feed needle hole, 404 - fourth feed needle hole, 405 - insulating sleeve, 601 - recessed part, 602 - protruding part, 801 - upper layer feed needle, 802 - lower layer feed needle, 8011 - metal cap one, 8012 - clamping section one, 8013 - extension section, 8021 - metal cap two, 8022 - clamping section two, 8023 - fixed part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration illustrative embodiments in which the application can be practiced. For purposes of explanation and illustration, directional terms are used with reference to the orientation of the described figures. However, it is to be understood that the embodiments can be practiced in other orientations than those presented in the figures. The directional terms, such as "top," "bottom," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," and the like, are used to aid in describing the embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting. It is to be understood that other embodiments can be utilized and structural or logical changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present application. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims.

[0033] The utility model provides a kind of high-gain antenna, reference Figure 1 And Figures 2a-2b , Figure 1 And Figures 2a-2b It respectively shows the structure diagram, top view and A-A direction sectional view of high-gain antenna according to the utility model, as shown in the figure, high-gain antenna includes antenna body and metal baffle 600, wherein, metal baffle 600 is arranged around antenna body, wherein, antenna body includes feed needle, dielectric base and radiation electrode fixed on the surface of dielectric base, feed needle is electrically connected with radiation electrode, the height H of metal baffle 600 is not more than the maximum height D of antenna body, the minimum distance L1 of metal baffle 600 to the center of feed needle 800 meets the condition L1≥1 / 2×L with the maximum side length L of dielectric base.

[0034] In some specific embodiments, the antenna body comprises the upper layer radiation electrode 100, the upper layer dielectric substrate 200, the lower layer radiation electrode 300, and the lower layer dielectric substrate 400, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom to form the basic framework of the antenna body. The antenna body further comprises the reflecting layer 500, the metal baffle 600, and the feed needle 800. The reflecting layer 500 is located below the lower layer dielectric substrate 400 and functions to reflect electromagnetic waves, thereby enhancing the radiation effect of the antenna. The metal baffle 600 surrounds the antenna body and has a constraining and guiding effect on electromagnetic waves, which helps to improve the antenna gain. The feed needle 800 is used to connect the electrical path between the upper layer radiation electrode 100, the lower layer radiation electrode 300, and the reflecting layer, and functions to transmit and distribute signals. On the one hand, it accurately transmits electrical signals from an external radio frequency source to the upper layer radiation electrode 100 and the lower layer radiation electrode 300, exciting the electrodes to radiate electromagnetic waves outward. On the other hand, when external electromagnetic waves are received by the antenna, the feed needle 800 can collect the weak electrical signals sensed by the upper layer radiation electrode 100 and the lower layer radiation electrode 300 and transmit them to the receiving circuit at the back end. The center via hole 700 penetrates through the entire antenna body and is used to install and fix components or realize electrical connection, etc., to ensure the cooperative work between the layers. The minimum distance L1 between the metal baffle 600 and the feed needle 800 is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the side length L of the lower layer radiation electrode 400 of the antenna body, i.e., it satisfies the condition L1≥1 / 2×L. This size setting makes the size of the metal baffle 600 greater than the maximum size of the antenna body. This can effectively realize the functions of enhancing electromagnetic shielding, optimizing radiation performance, and protecting the antenna body, while facilitating installation and fixation.

[0035] Specifically, the upper layer radiation electrode 100 and / or the lower layer radiation electrode 300 is a silver electrode, which is covered on the surface of the upper layer dielectric substrate 200 and / or the lower layer dielectric substrate 400 by means of screen printing. Preferably, it is provided with four frequency modulation parts 101 protruding outward along the side surface.

[0036] In some specific embodiments, continuing to refer to FIG. 3- Figure 6 , FIG. 3- Figure 6The diagrams show the upper and lower dielectric substrates and feed pins of the high-gain antenna according to this invention. Referring to Figures 2-6, the upper radiating electrode 100 and the lower radiating electrode 300 are separated by the upper dielectric substrate 200 and the lower dielectric substrate 400, ensuring good insulation performance, preventing electrical short circuits, and guaranteeing the stability of the antenna's electrical performance. The reflective layer 500 is tightly fitted to the lower dielectric substrate 400, effectively reflecting electromagnetic waves and improving the antenna's radiation efficiency. The upper dielectric substrate 200 is provided with an upper first feed pin hole 201 and an upper second feed pin hole 202. These two through holes communicate with the lower first feed pin hole 401 and the lower second feed pin hole 402 of the embedded insulating sleeve 405, respectively, and their main function is to provide an installation channel for the upper feed pin 801. The minimum distance L1 from the metal baffle 600 to the upper first feed pin hole 201 and / or the upper second feed pin hole 202 is greater than or equal to half the side length L of the lower radiating electrode 400 of the antenna body, i.e., L1 ≥ 1 / 2 × L. In addition to the feed pin holes that penetrate the upper dielectric substrate 200, the lower dielectric substrate 400 also has a third feed pin hole 403 and a fourth feed pin hole 404. These two through holes are used to install the lower feed pin 802. On the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 200, at the mounting positions corresponding to the third feed pin hole 403 and the fourth feed pin hole 404, a perforated plate 203 is provided. This perforated plate is used to accommodate the metal cap 8021 of the lower feed pin 802, ensuring the stability of the lower feed pin 802 installation. The upper feed pin 801 consists of a metal cap 8011, a locking part 8012, and an extension part 8013. The diameter of the snap-fit ​​portion 8012 is larger than that of the extension portion 8013. The extension portion 8013 passes through the insulating sleeve 405 and is tightly embedded in the lower first feed pin hole 401 and / or the lower second feed pin hole 402, achieving precise positioning and installation of the upper feed pin 801. The lower feed pin 802 includes a metal cap 8021, a snap-fit ​​portion 8022, and a fixing portion 8023. The fixing portion 8023 has the same diameter as the extension portion 8013 of the upper feed pin 801, and is used to achieve a stable connection between the upper feed pin 801 and the lower feed pin 802 and the reflector layer 500, ensuring the integrity and stability of the antenna structure and the reliability of signal transmission.

[0037] In some specific embodiments, the upper radiating electrode 100 has external dimensions of 35mm × 35mm × 4mm, and the lower radiating electrode 300 has external dimensions of 40mm × 40mm × 8mm. The reflective layer 500 is square, and its side length ranges from 42 to 90mm.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, further combined Figure 7 , Figure 7 A structural diagram of the metal baffle of the high-gain antenna according to the present invention is shown, as follows: Figure 1 Figure 2 and Figure 7As shown, the metal baffle 600 is arranged around the antenna body and can be connected to or not connected to the reflective layer 500. The material used to make it can be pure metal or copper foil can be added to the PCB board to achieve good conductivity.

[0039] In practical applications, even without slots, the metal baffle 600's structure can still optimize antenna performance. When the metal baffle 600 has multiple sets of adjacent recesses 601 and protrusions 602, antenna performance is significantly improved. Specifically, the width W2 of the recess 601 is smaller than the width W2 of the protrusion 602, the distance H2 between the bottom of the recess 601 and the reflective layer 500 is smaller than the height H1 of the recess 601 and / or the protrusion 602, and the height H of the metal baffle 600 is less than or equal to the maximum height D of the antenna body.

[0040] Research has shown that the recessed portion 601 and / or the protrusion 602 can effectively change the electromagnetic field distribution around the antenna, thereby improving antenna performance. Furthermore, the larger the height H1 of the recessed portion 601 and / or the protrusion 602, and the closer the height H of the metal baffle 600 is to the height of the antenna body, the more significant the improvement in antenna performance.

[0041] Example

[0042] Simulation experiments were conducted on an antenna body equipped with a metal baffle (Patch size 40×40×8+35×35×4mm, Ground size 65×65mm with baffle), and the final results were obtained. Figure 8 The experimental data shown.

[0043] like Figure 8 As shown in the table, the upper part displays antenna gain (dBic) data for different frequency and elevation angle combinations. At multiple frequencies and elevation angles, the antenna gain shows significant potential for improvement. For example, at low elevation angles such as 0°, the gain values ​​are mostly above 2.5dBic at frequencies between 1164MHz and 1606MHz, indicating that the metal baffle helps enhance the antenna's signal radiation intensity in the vertical direction. While the overall gain decreases as the elevation angle increases, relatively high gains are maintained at some frequencies, such as 3.0dBic at 1575MHz with a 40° elevation angle, demonstrating that the baffle improves the antenna's radiation performance in different directions to some extent.

[0044] The lower half of the table records the axial ratio (dB) values of the antenna under different frequency and elevation conditions. The axial ratio reflects the polarization characteristics of the antenna. The axial ratio values in the table are distributed relatively reasonably under different frequencies and elevations. The axial ratio value is smaller at low elevation, indicating that the antenna has higher polarization purity in this direction and better signal transmission quality. Although the axial ratio increases with the increase of the elevation, it is still within an acceptable range, indicating that the metal baffle has a positive effect on ensuring good polarization characteristics of the antenna and can reduce polarization loss in signal transmission.

[0045] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the embodiments of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. In this way, if these modifications and changes are within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application also aims to cover these modifications and changes. The word "comprises" does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps not listed in the claims. The simple fact that certain measures are described in mutually different dependent claims does not mean that combinations of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be considered as limiting the scope.

Claims

1. A high gain antenna, characterized by, The antenna comprises an antenna body and a metal baffle arranged around the antenna body, wherein the antenna body comprises a feed pin, a dielectric substrate and a radiation electrode fixed to the surface of the dielectric substrate, the feed pin is electrically connected with the radiation electrode, the height H of the metal baffle is less than or equal to the maximum height D of the antenna body, and the minimum distance L1 from the metal baffle to the center of the feed pin and the maximum side length L of the dielectric substrate satisfy the condition L1≥1 / 2×L.

2. The high gain antenna of claim 1, wherein, The metal baffle is provided with a plurality of groups of adjacent groove portions and protrusion portions.

3. The high gain antenna of claim 1, wherein, The metal baffle is made of pure metal or PCB copper foil.

4. The high gain antenna of claim 2, wherein, The distance H2 between the bottom surface of the groove portion and the reflection layer is less than the height H1 of the groove portion and / or the protrusion portion.

5. The high gain antenna of claim 2, wherein, The width W2 of the groove portion is less than or equal to the width W1 of the protrusion portion.

6. The high gain antenna of claim 1, wherein, The antenna body comprises the feed pin, and upper layer radiation electrodes, upper layer dielectric substrates, lower layer radiation electrodes and lower layer dielectric substrates arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the lower surface of the lower layer dielectric substrate is provided with a reflection layer, and the reflection layer is connected with the feed pin.

7. The high-gain antenna of claim 6, wherein, The feed pin comprises upper layer feed pins with metal caps and lower layer feed pins, the upper layer dielectric substrates and the lower layer dielectric substrates are provided with upper layer feed pin holes and lower layer feed pin holes for mounting the upper layer feed pins, the upper layer feed pin holes and the lower layer feed pin holes are through, and the lower layer feed pin holes are embedded with insulating sleeves.

8. The high-gain antenna of claim 7, wherein, The lower layer dielectric substrate is further provided with a third feed pin hole, and the lower surface of the upper layer dielectric substrate is provided with a hole disc corresponding to the third feed pin hole.

9. The high-gain antenna of claim 7, wherein, The upper layer feed pin further comprises a clamping portion one and an extension portion matched with the insulating sleeve, and the cross-sectional diameter of the extension portion is less than the cross-sectional diameter of the clamping portion one.

10. The high-gain antenna of claim 7, wherein, The minimum distance L1 from the metal baffle to the center of the upper layer feed pin and the maximum side length L of the lower layer dielectric substrate satisfy the condition L1≥1 / 2×L.

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