An intelligent grid adjustable transformer

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of transformer monitoring technology, specifically a smart grid adjustable transformer, including a shell filled with insulating oil; the shell also houses a transformer assembly, an adjustment assembly, and a monitoring assembly; the monitoring assembly includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and an acid value calculation module, used to monitor the acid value changes of the insulating oil inside the shell; this invention, by pre-determining the correspondence between the capacitance value and acid value of the insulating oil, only requires real-time acquisition and input of the capacitance value of the insulating oil to quickly and accurately obtain the acid value data of the insulating oil, and uses this data to support the comprehensive adjustment of the workload of various transformer nodes under the smart grid, reducing the probability of faults and maintaining the normal operation of the smart grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of transformer monitoring technology, specifically a smart grid adjustable transformer. Background Technology

[0002] Intelligent distribution transformers are a new type of power equipment that deeply integrates traditional distribution transformers with modern sensing, communication, and intelligent control technologies. They are one of the core devices in the distribution link of smart grids, and intelligent distribution transformers undertake the comprehensive functions of "power conversion, status perception, intelligent regulation, and collaborative interaction" in the distribution network.

[0003] The transformer casing is filled with insulating oil, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal operation of adjustable transformers. Problems with the quality of the insulating oil can threaten the safe operation of adjustable transformers. During high-intensity operation, the insulating oil may develop acidic substances due to oxidation and aging. Continuous accumulation can easily lead to an increase in the acid value of the insulating oil. Insulating oil with an excessively high acid value can easily corrode internal transformer components, leading to an increased failure rate of adjustable transformers. However, current methods for measuring the acid value in insulating oil require on-site sampling and analysis in laboratory instruments to obtain accurate acid value data, making it difficult to monitor the acid value of the insulating oil inside transformers, which are widely distributed in smart grid systems, in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and solve the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes an adjustable transformer for smart grids.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: The present invention proposes an adjustable transformer for smart grids, including a housing, the inside of which is filled with insulating oil; the housing also houses a transformer assembly, an regulating assembly, and a monitoring assembly;

[0006] Cooling plates are uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the housing. An oil outlet pipe is provided at the top of the cooling plate and an oil inlet pipe is provided at the bottom. The oil outlet pipe and the oil inlet pipe are respectively connected to the inside of the housing. Cooling channels are provided inside the cooling plates and are respectively connected to the oil outlet pipe and the oil inlet pipe. A collection net is provided inside the oil outlet pipe to collect impurities in the insulating oil.

[0007] The monitoring component includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and an acid value calculation module, used to monitor the acid value changes of the insulating oil inside the casing; the data acquisition module is used to acquire the capacitance data of the transformer oil, the data processing module processes the capacitance data and transmits it to the acid value calculation module, and the acid value calculation module calculates the acid value data of the insulating oil by inputting the capacitance data through a pre-constructed acid value calculation model.

[0008] Preferably, the data acquisition module includes a capacitive sensor, and the acquisition end of the capacitive sensor is connected to the gap area between the inner wall of the oil outlet pipe and the collection net;

[0009] The capacitance sensor is connected to the signal excitation module to improve the sensitivity of the capacitance sensor to monitor the capacitance signal of the oil.

[0010] Preferably, an oil outlet is provided at the end of the oil outlet pipe away from the housing, and a sealing cap is provided at the oil outlet; a connecting pipe is provided on the side wall of the housing, the connecting pipe extends into the oil outlet pipe and contacts the sealing cap, and the connecting hole on the side wall of the connecting pipe is located in the area surrounded by the collection net and close to the sealing cap, and the acquisition end of the capacitive sensor is integrated on the sealing cap.

[0011] Preferably, a control valve is provided at the end of the connecting pipe located inside the housing. The control valve is controlled by an external controller. A temperature monitoring sensor is also provided inside the housing and is connected to the controller.

[0012] Preferably, the oil outlet pipe is provided with a cylindrical limiting cylinder inside, and the connecting pipe slides through the middle part of the limiting cylinder; the limiting cylinder is a multi-segment structure, including movable heads and fixed heads on both sides, and multiple annular moving segments in the middle;

[0013] The movable head, fixed head, and connecting pipe are in sliding contact, and the fixed head is fixedly connected to the closing cover; the movable head, fixed head, and moving section are elastically connected, and the annular collection net is arranged in the gap between the movable head, fixed head, and moving section.

[0014] Preferably, one side of the collecting net is connected to the end of the moving section, and the other side is embedded in a limiting groove provided on the end of the adjacent moving section, and is connected to a limiting ring that is slidably provided inside the limiting groove. The limiting ring is connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove by an elastic element.

[0015] Preferably, the opening of the limiting groove is provided with a scraper, the scraper is located on the inner wall of the moving section, and the conical end of the scraper is in contact with the inner wall surface of the collecting net.

[0016] Preferably, the inner wall of the movable head is uniformly provided with annular grooves.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0018] The present invention discloses an adjustable transformer for smart grids. Compared to existing methods that require on-site testing of insulating oil samples taken near the transformer using specialized instruments to determine the acid value of the insulating oil, this application pre-determines a calculation model corresponding to the capacitance and acid value of the insulating oil. By simply collecting and inputting the capacitance value of the insulating oil in real time, the acid value data of the insulating oil can be obtained quickly and accurately. This data can then be used to support the comprehensive adjustment of the workload of various transformer nodes under the smart grid, reducing the probability of faults and accidents, and maintaining the normal operation of the smart grid. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point B.

[0024] In the diagram: housing 1, cooling plate 11, oil outlet pipe 12, sealing cover 121, oil inlet pipe 13, cooling channel 14, collection net 15, capacitive sensor 16, connecting pipe 17, connecting hole 171, limiting cylinder 18, movable head 181, fixed head 182, moving section 183, limiting groove 184, limiting ring 185, scraper 186, annular groove 188. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] As shown in the attached diagram of the instruction manual. Figures 1-4 As shown, a smart grid adjustable transformer includes a housing 1, the interior of which is filled with insulating oil; the housing 1 also houses a transformer assembly, an regulating assembly, and a monitoring assembly.

[0028] The transformer assembly includes components such as the iron core and windings, which are housed inside the housing 1 and are responsible for regulating the voltage of the electrical energy transmitted from the power grid. The regulating assembly includes a tap changer, a voltage regulating drive mechanism, and an energy storage transmission device. It is controlled by a unified control system configured in the smart grid system and can perform voltage regulation based on the transformer's own condition and the power grid's operating requirements. In specific operation, the voltage regulating drive mechanism can be controlled by the intelligent controller to drive the tap changer to move, change the effective number of turns of the high-voltage or low-voltage winding, and thus adjust the winding turns ratio to achieve precise regulation of the output voltage, thereby adjusting the transformer's operating load.

[0029] Cooling plates 11 are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the housing 1. An oil outlet pipe 12 is provided at the top of the cooling plate 11 and an oil inlet pipe 13 is provided at the bottom. The oil outlet pipe 12 and the oil inlet pipe 13 are respectively connected to the interior of the housing 1. A cooling channel 14 is provided inside the cooling plate 11, and the cooling channel 14 is respectively connected to the oil outlet pipe 12 and the oil inlet pipe 13. A collection net 15 is provided inside the oil outlet pipe 12 to collect impurities in the insulating oil.

[0030] The monitoring components include a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and an acid value calculation module, used to monitor the acid value changes of the insulating oil inside the housing 1. The data acquisition module is used to collect the capacitance data of the transformer oil. The data processing module processes the capacitance data and transmits it to the acid value calculation module. The acid value calculation module calculates the acid value data of the insulating oil by inputting the capacitance data through a pre-constructed acid value calculation model.

[0031] Specific workflow: As an important power equipment that plays a role in voltage regulation under the smart grid system, the adjustable transformer has an extremely important position. Therefore, it needs to undertake high load work and be in a high-intensity working environment for a long time. In this process, the insulating oil inside the shell 1, which encloses the transformer components such as the iron core and windings, plays an insulating protection role. In addition, the insulating oil can also conduct a large amount of waste heat generated during the operation of the transformer components to the outside, so as to achieve reasonable adjustment of the temperature of the transformer components inside the shell 1.

[0032] Regarding the specific adjustment process, when the temperature of the transformer components inside the housing 1 is too high, it will cause the temperature of the insulating oil inside to be too high, which will cause the insulating oil to expand due to heat and increase in volume. Because the housing 1 is connected to the oil outlet pipe 12, the increased volume of the insulating oil flows into the oil outlet pipe 12 and passes through the collection net 15 inside the oil outlet pipe 12, separating any solid oil stains or impurities that may exist in the insulating oil. Then, due to gravity, it flows downward into the cooling channel 14 located inside the cooling plate 11.

[0033] Because the cooling plate 11 is made of a material with good thermal conductivity and its thin plate structure is more conducive to contact with the outside air, a cooling fan can be installed on the outside to continuously blow cooling air into the gap area between the evenly arranged cooling plates 11. This allows the insulating oil to flow inside the cooling plate 11 and come into contact with the outside air through the surface of the cooling plate 11, efficiently transferring the heat of the insulating oil to the outside environment. Finally, the oil flows back into the housing 1 from the bottom oil inlet pipe 13. This continuous circulation effectively transfers the waste heat generated during the operation of the transformer components inside the housing 1 to the outside, achieving effective control of the working environment temperature inside the housing 1, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the adjustable transformer. In order to ensure the normal operation of the above-mentioned insulating oil circulation and heat dissipation, a micro oil pump can be installed at the junction of the housing 1 with the oil outlet pipe 12 and the oil inlet pipe 13. This will accelerate the flow of the insulating oil inside the housing 1 from the oil outlet pipe 12, flow along the inside of the cooling channel 14, and then flow back into the housing 1 from the bottom oil inlet pipe 13. The micro oil pump provides power support for the above-mentioned circulation process.

[0034] Therefore, insulating oil plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal operation of adjustable transformers, and quality problems with the insulating oil can threaten the safe operation of adjustable transformers. During high-intensity operation, insulating oil may develop acidic substances due to oxidation and aging. Continuous accumulation can easily lead to an increase in the acid value of the insulating oil. Insulating oil with an excessively high acid value can easily corrode internal transformer components, leading to an increased failure rate of the adjustable transformer, and even electrical breakdown accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to take corresponding measures in a timely manner when the acid value of the insulating oil is too high, which requires real-time monitoring of the acid value of the insulating oil. However, for the large number of transformers deployed in the smart grid system, it is not practical to manually extract and analyze the acid value of the insulating oil inside each transformer on-site. Therefore, this application arranges a monitoring component on the shell 1 to effectively monitor the acid value of the insulating oil inside the shell 1 in real time. Specifically, firstly, the capacitance signal data of the insulating oil is collected by the data acquisition module, then the collected capacitance signal is conditioned by the data processing module to enhance the clarity and accuracy of the capacitance signal, and finally transmitted to the acid value calculation module to calculate the acid value of the insulating oil.

[0035] Regarding specific computer theory, this application mainly relies on the fact that an increase in the acid value of insulating oil will lead to changes in the dielectric parameters of the insulating oil. Increase, thus according to the capacitance calculation formula It can be seen that there is a corresponding relationship between the capacitance signal of insulating oil and the acid value of insulating oil. When the acid value of insulating oil increases, the corresponding capacitance value will also increase. Therefore, by pre-establishing a calculation model between capacitance value and acid value, the acid value of insulating oil can be obtained quickly and timely by monitoring the capacitance value in the insulating oil in real time. Based on the change in the acid value of the insulating oil, the working status of the adjustable transformer can be judged. For adjustable transformers with excessively high acid values, corresponding measures can be taken, such as replacing the internal insulating oil. If the workload is too heavy to take corresponding measures in time, the workload can be reduced by adjusting the components to avoid the continuous increase of the acid value of the insulating oil, or even the occurrence of electrical accidents.

[0036] Regarding the construction of the calculation model between capacitance and acid value, this embodiment provides a possible implementation scheme. When there is a linear relationship between capacitance and acid value, a linear mathematical model is pre-constructed: A = k·C + b. A series of insulating oil samples with known acid values ​​are prepared in the laboratory. After measuring the corresponding capacitance value C using a capacitance sensor, the above data is solved using the least squares method to obtain the corresponding k and b data, thus completing the construction of the calculation model between capacitance and acid value. This model is then deployed into the acid value calculation module to facilitate the calculation and summarization of the insulating oil acid value of transformers at various nodes of the smart grid. In some areas where environmental factors cause a nonlinear relationship between capacitance and acid value, a corresponding nonlinear mathematical model can also be used for calculation. Grid maintenance personnel can choose to use the appropriate model based on the actual situation.

[0037] For any abnormal nodes, maintenance personnel should be dispatched to the site in a timely manner to conduct more accurate tests and analyses by extracting insulating oil on-site, eliminating interference from external factors, determining whether any abnormalities have occurred, and replacing the insulating oil after confirming that the acid value of the insulating oil exceeds the safety threshold, thereby promptly eliminating the risk of transformer failure due to deterioration of the insulating oil.

[0038] In summary, compared to existing methods that require on-site testing and analysis of each transformer to obtain the acid value of the insulating oil at each node of the smart grid, this application, by pre-determining the corresponding calculation model between the capacitance value and acid value of the insulating oil, only requires real-time collection and input of the capacitance value of the insulating oil to quickly and accurately obtain the acid value data of the insulating oil. This data can then be used to support the comprehensive adjustment of the workload of each transformer node under the smart grid, reduce fault and accident filtering, and maintain the normal operation of the smart grid.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] Compared with the above embodiment 1, the data acquisition module includes a capacitive sensor 16, and the acquisition end of the capacitive sensor 16 is connected to the gap area between the inner wall of the oil outlet pipe 12 and the collection net 15.

[0041] The capacitive sensor 16 is connected to the signal excitation module to improve the sensitivity of the capacitive sensor 16 to the monitoring of the capacitive signal of the oil. The signal excitation module can enhance the polarization effect of the polar molecules of acidic substances by inputting a high-frequency and stable excitation signal to the capacitive sensor, thereby improving the sensitivity of the capacitive sensor to the change of the acid value of the oil and improving the accuracy of the capacitive sensor in reflecting the change of the acid value of the oil.

[0042] An oil outlet is provided at the end of the oil outlet pipe 12 away from the housing 1, and a sealing cap 121 is provided at the oil outlet. A connecting pipe 17 is provided on the side wall of the housing 1. The connecting pipe 17 extends into the oil outlet pipe 12 and contacts the sealing cap 121. The connecting hole 171 on the side wall of the connecting pipe 17 is located in the area surrounded by the collection net 15 and close to the sealing cap 121. The acquisition end of the capacitive sensor 16 is integrated on the sealing cap 121. A control valve is provided at the end of the connecting pipe 17 inside the housing 1. The control valve is controlled by an external controller. A temperature monitoring sensor is also provided inside the housing 1. The temperature monitoring sensor is connected to the controller.

[0043] Specific workflow: Based on the specific workflow in Embodiment 1, compared to arranging the acquisition end of the capacitor sensor 16 responsible for collecting the insulating oil capacitance signal inside the housing 1, so that it is in long-term contact with the insulating oil inside the housing 1 and is corroded by the oil stains, impurities and acidic substances inside the insulating oil, this application deploys the acquisition end of the capacitor sensor 16 inside the oil outlet pipe 12, located in the gap area between the inner wall of the oil outlet pipe 12 and the collection net 15.

[0044] In this way, only when the temperature monitoring sensor detects that the temperature of the insulating oil inside the housing 1 has reached a dangerous value, and the control valve is opened to send the insulating oil into the connecting pipe 17 to participate in the circulating cooling of the outside of the housing 1, will the capacitance signal data of the insulating oil undergoing circulating cooling be collected. This reasonable adjustment of the frequency of capacitance signal collection of the insulating oil avoids that the collection is too dense and that the collection end is affected by the long contact time with the insulating oil, thus affecting the accuracy of the collection.

[0045] Furthermore, by setting a temperature monitoring sensor, the control valve is only opened when the insulating oil temperature reaches a dangerous value. This ensures that the temperature of the insulating oil flowing into the oil inlet / outlet pipe 12 and contacting the acquisition end of the capacitive sensor 16 is near the dangerous value, allowing the monitored insulating oil temperature to be controlled at a relatively constant value. This avoids the dielectric constant being affected by temperature changes. Changes can lead to excessive detection errors; however, the data samples of the deployed calculation model can be controlled at a temperature around a dangerous value during testing, which allows the calculation model to effectively eliminate the adverse effects of temperature changes on acid value calculation and improve the accuracy of acid value calculation for insulating oil.

[0046] Furthermore, the connecting pipe 17 extends inside the oil outlet pipe 12 to a position close to and in contact with the sealing cover 121. The connecting holes 171 on the side wall of the connecting pipe 17 are distributed near the sealing cover 121. In this way, the insulating oil flowing out from inside the housing 1 flows along the inside of the connecting pipe 17 and flows out from the connecting holes 171 away from the housing 1 into the inside of the oil outlet pipe 12. After being filtered by the collecting net 15, the insulating oil enters the gap area between the collecting net 15 and the inner wall of the oil outlet pipe 12, and comes into contact with the acquisition end. The capacitance sensor 16 is activated to collect the capacitance signal of the insulating oil and transmits it to the external computing device. The calculation model is used to calculate the acid value of the insulating oil. This allows the acquisition end to come into contact with the filtered and purified insulating oil, which can reduce the adverse effects of solid particles, oil stains and other impurities mixed in the insulating oil on the acquisition end of the capacitance sensor 16 and the accuracy of the capacitance signal measurement, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the final acid value measurement of the insulating oil.

[0047] Because the insulating oil first flows into the area inside the oil outlet pipe 12 away from the housing 1, the insulating oil first flows into the cooling channel 14 corresponding to the cooling plate 11 away from the housing 1. Then, as it slowly flows into the direction closer to the housing 1 inside the oil outlet pipe 12, it flows into the cooling channel 14 inside each cooling plate 11 in sequence. Also, because the cooling plate 11 away from the housing 1 has a large contact surface with the outside air and is closer to the outside cooling fan, it has a better cooling effect on the insulating oil flowing inside. Therefore, the evenly distributed cooling plates 11 are fully utilized, and the cooling effect on the insulating oil is improved.

[0048] Furthermore, during the process of the insulating oil flowing through the collecting net 15, solid particles and oil stains mixed in with the insulating oil are all left in the area surrounded by the collecting net 15. Since the oil outlet pipe 12 is located outside the housing 1, the connection between the inside of the housing 1 and the oil outlet pipe 12 can be disconnected by closing the control valve inside the connecting pipe 17. Then, the sealing cover 121 can be opened to remove the internal collecting net 15 and the collected oil stains. While separating the oil stains, the collected oil stains can be tested. The content of acidic substances can be used as a reference for calculating the acid value of the insulating oil. Through mutual verification, the reliability of the data is improved.

[0049] Example 3:

[0050] Compared with the above embodiment 2, the oil outlet pipe 12 is provided with a cylindrical limiting cylinder 18 inside, and the connecting pipe 17 slides through the middle part of the limiting cylinder 18; the limiting cylinder 18 is a multi-segment structure, including movable heads 181 on both sides, fixed heads 182, and multiple annular moving segments 183 in the middle; the outer surface of the moving segment 183 is provided with an annular support plate to support the movement of the moving segment 183, and the outer end of the support plate slides in contact with the inner wall of the oil outlet pipe 12, which can scrape off the residual insulating oil on the inner wall of the oil outlet pipe 12 during the sliding process, so that the insulating oil flows out fully downward;

[0051] The movable head 181 and the fixed head 182 are in sliding contact with the connecting pipe 17, and the fixed head 182 is fixedly connected to the closing cover 121; the movable head 181, the fixed head 182 and the moving section 183 are elastically connected, and the annular collection net 15 is arranged in the gap between the movable head 181, the fixed head 182 and the moving section 183; one side of the collection net 15 is connected to the end of the moving section 183, and the other side is embedded in the limiting groove 184 provided on the end of the adjacent moving section 183, and is connected to the limiting ring 185 slidably provided inside the limiting groove 184. The limiting ring 185 and the inner wall of the limiting groove 184 are connected by an elastic element, which can be an elastic rope or a spring;

[0052] Specific workflow: Based on the specific workflow in Example 2, in the initial state, the movable head 181, fixed head 182 and each moving section 183 that make up the limiting cylinder 18 are close to each other, while the collecting net 15 located in the gap is completely collected into the limiting groove 184. At this time, the inner and outer regions of the limiting cylinder 18 are separated from each other.

[0053] When the temperature of the insulating oil inside the housing 1 is too high and requires circulating cooling, the control valve is opened to allow some of the insulating oil to flow along the connecting pipe 17 into the limiting cylinder 18 inside the oil outlet pipe 12. After the limiting cylinder 18 is filled, the air pressure causes the movable head 181 and the moving section 183 that make up the limiting cylinder 18 to move away from each other, pulling the collecting net 15 located in the limiting groove 184 to slide away from the limiting groove 184. At this time, the area enclosed inside the limiting cylinder 18 increases, and the elastic element connected to the collecting net 15 is deformed under tension. Because of the elastic recovery effect of the elastic element, there is a region between the movable head 181 and the moving section 183 that have been separated, thus squeezing the insulating oil flowing into the interior. The pressure causes the insulating oil to accelerate through the gap area of ​​the collecting net 15 and flow into the gap area between the inner wall of the limiting cylinder 18 and the oil outlet pipe 12. After contacting the collection end, the oil flows downward into the cooling channel 14 to participate in the circulating cooling process. After the circulating cooling is completed, as the insulating oil flows out, the elastic element that has recovered from deformation pulls the collecting net 15 to slide back into the limiting groove 184. The separated oil stains and impurities, as well as some insulating oil, are left inside the mutually closed limiting cylinder 18, which is in a closed and restricted state. Because the collecting net 15 is inside the limiting groove 184, it is prevented from contacting the collected oil stains and impurities for a long time. This ensures that the oil stains and impurities are closed and restricted, while keeping them on the inner wall of the moving head 181 and the moving section 183, preventing them from entering the oil outlet pipe 12, which facilitates subsequent separation. The remaining insulating oil and oil stains and impurities are mixed together, which also prevents the oil stains and impurities from drying and clumping and adhering to the inner wall of the collecting net 15, thus affecting the passage of the collecting net 15.

[0054] During this process, the separation and closing of the movable head 181 and the moving section 183 of the limiting cylinder 18, through pressure changes, promotes the accelerated penetration of the inflowing insulating oil into the collection net 15, and also accelerates the filtration and purification efficiency of the insulating oil, thus achieving full collection of the separated oil stains and impurities.

[0055] Example 4:

[0056] Compared with the above embodiment 3, the opening of the limiting groove 184 is provided with a scraper 186, the scraper 186 is located on the inner wall of the moving section 183, and the conical end of the scraper 186 is in contact with the inner wall surface of the collecting net 15; the inner wall of the movable head 181 is uniformly provided with annular grooves 188.

[0057] Specific workflow: Based on the specific workflow in Example 3, during the process of the movable head 181 and the moving section 183 of the limiting cylinder 18 separating and closing with each other, the collecting net 15 slides along the limiting groove 184. During this process, the end of the scraper 186 located at the opening of the limiting groove 184 scrapes the oil and dirt on the inner wall of the collecting net 15, so that it is scraped off from the inner wall of the collecting net 15 and left on the inner wall of the moving section 183. This reduces the contact between the collecting net 15, which is collected into the limiting groove 184, and the oil and dirt, ensuring the passability of the collecting net 15.

[0058] Furthermore, evenly distributed annular grooves 188 can be provided on the inner wall of the movable head 181. In the initial state, when the control valve is opened, the insulating oil flowing out at an accelerated speed carries a large amount of kinetic energy and flows out from the connecting hole 171 on the side wall of the connecting pipe 17. The insulating oil flows from the fixed head 182 to the inside of the movable head 181, causing the oil stains and impurities originally located on the inner wall of the limiting cylinder 18 to flow into the inside of the movable head 181 under concentrated impact. After being blocked at the end of the movable head 181, the insulating oil flows back. Because the oil stains and impurities have poor flow directionality, and the distribution of the annular grooves 188 increases the friction of the inner wall of the movable head 181, the oil stains and impurities are enriched and confined in the annular grooves 188, thus achieving confinement. This does not affect the passage of the collection net 15 at other positions, reducing the situation where the separated oil stains and impurities are repeatedly mixed into the flowing insulating oil, requiring repeated filtration and purification treatment.

[0059] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A smart grid adjustable transformer, comprising a housing (1) filled with insulating oil; the housing (1) also housing a transformer assembly, an regulating assembly, and a monitoring assembly, characterized in that: Cooling plates (11) are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the housing (1). An oil outlet pipe (12) is provided at the top of the cooling plate (11) and an oil inlet pipe (13) is provided at the bottom. The oil outlet pipe (12) and the oil inlet pipe (13) are respectively connected to the inside of the housing (1). A cooling channel (14) is provided inside the cooling plate (11), and the cooling channel (14) is respectively connected to the oil outlet pipe (12) and the oil inlet pipe (13). A collection net (15) is provided inside the oil outlet pipe (12) to collect impurities in the insulating oil. The monitoring components include a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and an acid value calculation module, which are used to monitor the acid value changes of the insulating oil inside the shell (1); the data acquisition module is used to collect the capacitance data of the transformer oil, the data processing module processes the capacitance data and transmits it to the acid value calculation module, the acid value calculation module is equipped with a pre-built acid value calculation model, and the input capacitance data is used to calculate the acid value data of the insulating oil; The data acquisition module includes a capacitive sensor (16), and the acquisition end of the capacitive sensor (16) is connected to the gap area between the inner wall of the oil outlet pipe (12) and the collection net (15); An oil outlet is provided at the end of the oil outlet pipe (12) away from the housing (1), and a sealing cap (121) is provided at the oil outlet. A connecting pipe (17) is provided on the side wall of the housing (1). The connecting pipe (17) extends into the oil outlet pipe (12) and contacts the sealing cap (121). The connecting hole (171) on the side wall of the connecting pipe (17) is located in the area surrounded by the collecting net (15) and close to the sealing cap (121). The acquisition end of the capacitive sensor (16) is integrated on the sealing cap (121). The oil outlet pipe (12) is equipped with a cylindrical limiting cylinder (18) inside, and the connecting pipe (17) slides through the middle part of the limiting cylinder (18); the limiting cylinder (18) is a multi-segment structure, including movable heads (181) on both sides, fixed heads (182), and multiple annular moving sections (183) in the middle. The movable head (181), the fixed head (182) and the connecting pipe (17) are in sliding contact, and the fixed head (182) is fixedly connected to the closing cover (121); the movable head (181), the fixed head (182) and the moving section (183) are elastically connected, and the annular collection net (15) is arranged in the gap between the movable head (181), the fixed head (182) and the moving section (183); For the collection net (15) between adjacent moving segments (183), one side of the collection net (15) is connected to the end of the moving segment (183), and the other side is embedded in the limiting groove (184) provided on the end of the adjacent moving segment (183); for the collection net (15) between the movable head (181) and the moving segment (183), one end of the collection net (15) is connected to the end of the movable head (181), and the other side is embedded in the limiting groove (184) provided on the end of the adjacent moving segment (183); for the collection net (15) between the fixed head (182) and the moving segment (183), one end of the collection net (15) is embedded in the limiting groove (184) provided on the end of the fixed head (182), and the other end is connected to the end of the adjacent moving segment (183); The end of the collecting net (15) is connected to the limiting ring (185) that is slidably disposed inside the limiting groove (184), and the limiting ring (185) is connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove (184) by an elastic element.

2. The smart grid adjustable transformer of claim 1, wherein: The capacitance sensor (16) is connected to the signal excitation module to improve the sensitivity of the capacitance sensor (16) to the monitoring of the oil capacitance signal.

3. The smart grid adjustable transformer of claim 1, wherein: A control valve is provided at the end of the connecting pipe (17) located inside the housing (1). The control valve is controlled by an external controller. A temperature monitoring sensor is also provided inside the housing (1). The temperature monitoring sensor is connected to the controller.

4. The smart grid adjustable transformer of claim 3, wherein: A scraper (186) is provided at the opening of the limiting groove (184). The scraper (186) is located on the inner wall of the moving section (183), and the conical end of the scraper (186) is in contact with the inner wall surface of the collecting net (15).

5. The smart grid adjustable transformer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of the movable head (181) is evenly provided with annular grooves (188).

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