Method for performing salt reduction and effect improvement on soil in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia by utilizing cooperation of soil conditioner and irrigation mode

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement and moisture regulation and control, and particularly discloses a method for reducing salt and improving efficiency of soil in Hetao irrigation districts of Inner Mongolia by matching a soil conditioner with an irrigation mode. The invention provides a method for optimizing soil salt reduction and effect improvement in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia by utilizing cooperation of a soil conditioner and an irrigation mode. According to the method, a first component in the soil conditioner is matched with autumn irrigation; the second component in the soil conditioner is applied together with the irrigation water in cooperation with the base fertilizer or the additional fertilizer; the soil conditioner comprises the following raw material components: furfural fermentation residues, a urease inhibitor, a nitrification inhibitor and polyacrylamide. By means of the technical scheme, the soil structure of saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation areas of Inner Mongolia can be effectively improved, the pH value of the soil is reduced, the salt reducing efficiency of the saline-alkali soil is improved, the fertilizer dosage is reduced, the nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency of crops is improved, and then the biomass of the overground parts of the crops is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of saline-alkali land soil improvement and water regulation technology, and in particular to a method for reducing salinity and improving efficiency of soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioners with irrigation methods. Background Technology

[0002] The Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia is an important agricultural production and commodity grain base in my country. However, with the large-scale input of agricultural chemicals and the rapid development of animal husbandry, agricultural non-point source pollution has become increasingly prominent, hindering the sustainable development of agriculture in the Hetao Irrigation District. Existing surveys show that fertilizer application in the Hetao Irrigation District is far higher than the national average, with particularly high application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The main reasons for excessive nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use in this region include: First, saline-alkali soil accounts for more than 30% of the cultivated land area. Saline-alkali soils require large amounts of irrigation water to leach salts, especially after spring planting and application of base fertilizer, leading to fertilizer leaching and reduced fertilizer utilization efficiency; second, the soil pH is high, resulting in significant nitrogen loss through ammonia volatilization and low phosphorus availability; third, the local irrigation methods are extensive, with problems such as excessive water usage in single irrigations and insufficient irrigation frequency, leading to low water use efficiency and further exacerbating the excessive application and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.

[0003] Existing technologies primarily explore nitrogen and phosphorus application efficiency from the perspective of single factors or simple multi-factor approaches. In the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, due to low soil organic matter content, high pH and salinity, soil nitrogen losses through gaseous and leaching are significant, resulting in a considerable lack of agricultural technologies that combine nitrogen and phosphorus reduction with multi-functional soil improvement measures. Therefore, this paper proposes a saline-alkali soil improvement technology that can lower soil pH, improve nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer utilization and irrigation efficiency, and simultaneously meet the urgent needs of saline-alkali land agriculture for water and fertilizer efficiency and saline-alkali soil improvement. This technology is of great significance for the green, efficient, and sustainable development of agriculture in the Hetao Irrigation District. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for reducing salinity and improving efficiency of soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining a soil conditioner with irrigation methods. The soil conditioner comprises two components: furfural fermentation residue as the main component of the first component, and urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as the main components of the second component. By optimizing the combination of the soil conditioner with irrigation methods, the soil structure of saline-alkali soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia can be effectively improved, the soil pH value can be reduced, the salinity reduction efficiency of saline-alkali soil can be increased, the amount of fertilizer used can be reduced, and the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency of crops can be improved, thereby increasing the aboveground biomass of crops.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of this invention provides a method for reducing salt content and enhancing soil efficiency in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining a soil conditioner with an irrigation method, comprising the following steps: 3-5 days before autumn irrigation, the first component of the soil conditioner is deeply buried in the soil of the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, and autumn irrigation is carried out. During the application of base fertilizer or top dressing, the second component of the soil conditioner is buried deep in the soil of the Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia for irrigation. The first component of the soil conditioner includes furfural fermentation residue; The second component of the soil conditioner includes a urease inhibitor, a nitrification inhibitor, and polyacrylamide.

[0006] Compared to existing technologies, the soil conditioner provided by this invention includes furfural fermentation residue as its first component. The furfural fermentation residue contains acidic groups. When added to saline-alkali soil, the organic acids it carries and produces during decomposition can lower the soil pH. It can also combine with alkaline ions (such as calcium ions) in the soil to form insoluble salts, or form complexes with alkaline ions (such as sodium ions) to reduce their ionic activity and conductivity. When the furfural fermentation residue is added to the soil and sufficient irrigation water is used for autumn leaching, the acidic substances in the furfural fermentation residue react with the alkaline salts in the soil (such as calcium ions) to form insoluble salts. The reaction of furfural with Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 produces sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), which has higher solubility, or promotes salt leaching, thereby reducing soil salinity. At the same time, the decomposition of furfural fermentation residue can increase soil organic matter content, thereby enhancing soil adsorption capacity and fixing salt ions. Furfural fermentation residue can also promote the reproduction of soil microbial communities. The polysaccharides and enzymes produced by microbial metabolism can further improve the structure of saline-alkali soil, thereby improving the utilization rate of fertilizer by crops and the salt leaching efficiency of saline-alkali soil, and ultimately increasing the aboveground biomass of crops.

[0007] The present invention further specifies that the second component includes a urease inhibitor, a nitrification inhibitor, and polyacrylamide; wherein, the urease inhibitor reduces the rate of urea hydrolysis to ammonia by inhibiting the activity of urease in the soil, reduces ammonia volatilization loss, and prolongs its retention time in saline-alkali soil, thereby improving fertilizer utilization and achieving the effect of reducing fertilizer use and increasing yield; the nitrification inhibitor can inhibit bacterial activity, slow down the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, and allow nitrogen to be adsorbed by soil colloids in the form of ammonium nitrogen, thereby increasing the amount of nitrogen absorbed by crops and the aboveground biomass; polyacrylamide can attach to saline-alkali soil particles to form stable aggregates, improve the soil pore structure, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of saline-alkali soil, reduce water evaporation and reduce irrigation volume; polyacrylamide can also optimize the soil permeability, allowing irrigation water to penetrate more evenly into saline-alkali soil, improving salt leaching efficiency while reducing irrigation volume, accelerating salt leaching and removal, reducing the pH value of saline-alkali soil, and further improving the utilization rate of fertilizer by crops and the aboveground biomass of crops.

[0008] The soil conditioner provided by this invention, when combined with a unique irrigation method, can significantly reduce the pH value of saline-alkali soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, improve the structure of saline-alkali soil, reduce fertilizer utilization, and improve salt reduction efficiency while reducing irrigation volume, thereby greatly increasing the aboveground biomass of crops.

[0009] Preferably, the furfural fermentation residue has a pH of 2-2.5, an electrical conductivity of 8500-8700 μs / cm, an organic carbon content of 300-400 g / kg, a total nitrogen content of 0.5-1 g / kg, and an available phosphorus content of 180-200 mg / kg.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and polyacrylamide in the second component of the soil conditioner is 1.25:4.5-5.5:1.

[0011] More preferably, the mass ratio of urease inhibitor, nitration inhibitor, and polyacrylamide in the second component is 1.25:5:1.

[0012] Preferably, the urease inhibitor is any one or more of N-butylthiophosphoric triamine, phenylphosphoric diamine, or cyclohexylphosphoric triamine.

[0013] More preferably, the nitration inhibitor is any one or more of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 3-methylpyrazole, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine, 2-amino-4-chloro-9-methylpyridine, or dicyandiamide.

[0014] Preferably, the method for preparing the soil conditioner includes the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the furfural residue and carry out rapid fermentation to obtain the first component; Step 2: Weigh out the urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and polyacrylamide according to the designed ratio, mix them evenly to obtain the second component; Step 3: Package the first component and the second component separately to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0015] More preferably, in step one, the rapid fermentation time is 24-40 hours.

[0016] More preferably, in step one, the specific operation of rapid fermentation includes the following steps: Weigh out furfural residue, urea, furnace ash, and fermentation inoculant in a mass ratio of 85:5:9:1. Layer the mixture in the following order: furfural residue + inoculant - furnace ash - urea. Pile the mixture to a height of 1.6m and mix it with a turner for 2 hours until it is uniformly mixed, ensuring an aerobic environment.

[0017] During fermentation, maintain a moisture content of 50%-60% and raise the temperature to above 60℃ and stabilize for 20-25 hours to obtain furfural fermentation residue.

[0018] Preferably, the method for optimizing soil salinity reduction and efficiency enhancement in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioners with irrigation methods specifically includes the following steps: Apply the first component of the soil conditioner to the soil 3-5 days before autumn irrigation, plow to a depth of 30-35 cm and mix thoroughly, then irrigate in autumn; apply the second component of the soil conditioner and base fertilizer 3-5 days before spring planting, rotary till and mix thoroughly, cover with soil and mulch.

[0019] Preferably, the method for optimizing soil salinity reduction and efficiency enhancement in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods specifically includes the following steps: 3-5 days before autumn irrigation, apply the first component of the soil conditioner to the soil, deep plow to 30-35cm and mix evenly, and then irrigate in autumn; 3-5 days before spring planting, apply base fertilizer, rotary till and mix evenly, cover with soil, cover with film, and apply the second component when applying topdressing fertilizer with irrigation water.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the soil conditioner application method provided by the present invention, by limiting the application time of the first and second components of the soil conditioner and combining soil fertilization and irrigation, can effectively improve the salinity reduction efficiency of saline-alkali soil, improve the physical structure of saline-alkali soil, reduce soil pH value, and enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, thereby increasing crop yield while reducing fertilizer application.

[0021] More preferably, the application rate of the first component is 1-6 tons / acre.

[0022] More preferably, the application rate of the second component is 2.5-3 kg / mu.

[0023] This invention further limits the application rates of the first component, the second component, and the basal fertilizer, which is beneficial for further leveraging the role of the soil conditioner, improving the soil structure of saline-alkali soil, increasing fertilizer utilization and salt reduction efficiency, thereby increasing nitrogen uptake and biomass in the aboveground parts. Compared with the prior art, this invention can increase the biomass of the aboveground parts of crops while reducing the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer added to the basal fertilizer.

[0024] Preferably, the thickness of the covering soil is 3-30cm.

[0025] Preferably, the number of times the fertilizer is applied with irrigation water is 4-6 times.

[0026] The frequency varies depending on the crop; for example, corn requires more frequent applications, while sunflowers require fewer.

[0027] Preferably, the irrigation volume for each topdressing with fertilizer is 600-650 ml. 3 / hectares.

[0028] Preferably, top dressing is applied using any one or more of urea, acidic fertilizer, or physiologically acidic fertilizer.

[0029] It should be further noted that the timing of topdressing with irrigation water and the amount of topdressing fertilizer used are not further limited, and can be carried out in accordance with conventional practices in the field.

[0030] Preferably, the irrigation volume for the autumn irrigation is 2000-3000 m³. 3 / hectares.

[0031] Based on the increase in soil salinity and the increase in the amount of furfural fermentation residue used, the amount of water used for autumn irrigation should be increased accordingly.

[0032] Preferably, the irrigation volume for spring irrigation is 880-920m³. 3 / hectares.

[0033] This invention further limits the irrigation amount during autumn and spring irrigation, which can reduce irrigation water consumption while improving the salt leaching efficiency of saline-alkali soil.

[0034] It should be further noted that irrigation should be carried out according to standard procedures in this field.

[0035] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention improves saline-alkali soils using a soil conditioner, significantly reducing soil pH, minimizing nitrogen loss from the soil and applied soil, increasing phosphorus availability, and effectively reducing fertilizer input. By controlling the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus basal fertilizer applied, this invention reduces nitrogen and phosphorus loss, effectively controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. This invention limits the application timing of the first and second components of the soil conditioner, improving its salt-reducing efficiency during traditional autumn irrigation and reducing the need for subsequent large-scale spring irrigation to leach salts after basal fertilizer application. This greatly reduces fertilizer loss, improves crop fertilizer utilization, and thus increases aboveground crop biomass. This invention not only enables the resource utilization of furfural residue but also improves saline-alkali soils, reducing the low fertilizer utilization and low irrigation efficiency of traditional saline-alkali planting. It has broad application prospects in saline-alkali soil improvement and crop cultivation. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The rapid fermentation method for furfural fermentation residue described in the following embodiments or comparative examples includes the following steps: Weigh out furfural residue, urea, furnace ash, and fermentation inoculant separately in a mass ratio of 85:5:9:1. Layer them in the following order: furfural residue + HM inoculant - furnace ash - urea. Pile them to a height of 1.6m and mix them with a turner for 2 hours until they are evenly mixed, ensuring an aerobic environment.

[0038] During fermentation, maintain a moisture content of 50%-60% and raise the temperature to above 60℃ and stabilize for 20-25 hours to obtain furfural fermentation residue.

[0039] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for reducing salinity and enhancing efficiency of soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods. Specifically, the soil conditioner includes the following components: the soil conditioner includes a first component and a second component, wherein the first component is furfural fermentation residue, and the second component is a mixture of urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and polyacrylamide in a mass ratio of 1.25:5:1.

[0040] The preparation method of the soil conditioner includes the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the furfural residue and carry out rapid fermentation for 36 hours to obtain the first component; Step 2: Weigh N-butylthiophosphoric triamine, dicyandiamide and polyacrylamide according to the designed ratio, mix them evenly to obtain the second component; Step 3: Package the first component and the second component separately to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0041] Five days before autumn irrigation, apply the first component of the soil conditioner to the soil at a rate of 3 tons per acre, deep plow to a depth of 30 cm and mix thoroughly, then spread over a 2500m² area. 3 Autumn irrigation should be carried out at an irrigation rate of / hectare; four days before spring planting of corn, the second component of the soil conditioner and base fertilizer should be applied, with the second component applied at a rate of 2.8 kg / mu, rotary tilled and mixed, covered with soil, and then applied at a rate of 900m. 3 Spring irrigation is carried out at a rate of / hectare, followed by mulching.

[0042] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for reducing salinity and enhancing efficiency of soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods. Specifically, the soil conditioner includes the following: the soil conditioner includes a first component and a second component, wherein the first component is furfural fermentation residue, and the second component is a urease inhibitor, a nitrification inhibitor, and polyacrylamide in a mass ratio of 1.25:4.5:1.

[0043] The preparation method of the soil conditioner includes the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the furfural residue and carry out rapid fermentation for 40 hours to obtain the first component; Step 2: Weigh out phenylphosphamide, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine and polyacrylamide according to the designed ratio, mix them evenly to obtain the second component; Step 3: Package the first component and the second component separately to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0044] Five days before autumn irrigation, apply the first component of the soil conditioner to the soil at a rate of 3 tons per acre, deep plow to a depth of 30 cm and mix thoroughly, then spread over a 2500m² area. 3 Autumn irrigation is carried out at a rate of 300 kg / ha; 3 days before spring planting of sunflowers, basal fertilizer is applied at a rate of 300 kg / ha, which is then rotary tilled and mixed, covered with soil, and mulched. The second component is applied as topdressing with irrigation water at a rate of 2.8 kg / mu, for a total of 4 topdressings. Each topdressing application requires an irrigation volume of 620 m³. 3 / hectares.

[0045] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for reducing salinity and enhancing efficiency of soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods. Specifically, the soil conditioner includes the following components: the soil conditioner comprises a first component and a second component, wherein the first component is furfural fermentation residue, and the second component is a mixture of urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and polyacrylamide in a mass ratio of 1.25:5.5:1.

[0046] The preparation method of the soil conditioner includes the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the furfural residue and carry out rapid fermentation for 40 hours to obtain the first component; Step 2: Weigh cyclohexylphosphoric triamine, 2-amino-4-chloro-9-methylpyridine and polyacrylamide according to the designed ratio, mix them evenly to obtain the second component; Step 3: Package the first component and the second component separately to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0047] Five days before autumn irrigation, apply the first component of the soil conditioner to the soil at a rate of 4 tons per acre, deep plow to a depth of 30 cm and mix thoroughly, then spread over a 2800m² area. 3 Autumn irrigation should be carried out at an irrigation rate of / hectare; 4 days before spring planting of corn, the second component of the soil conditioner and base fertilizer should be applied, with the second component applied at a rate of 3 kg / mu, rotary tilled and mixed, covered with soil, and then applied at a rate of 900m... 3 Spring irrigation is carried out at a rate of / hectare, followed by mulching.

[0048] To further verify the technical effects of the present invention, the present invention conducted experimental verification on Example 1 and the method of using soil conditioner in combination with irrigation to reduce salt content and enhance efficiency of soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, specifically including the following: I. Pot Test 1 The physicochemical properties of the tested soil were as follows: pH: 8.47, organic carbon: 9.67 g / kg, total nitrogen: 1.10 g / kg, available phosphorus: 23.40 mg / kg, and initial salinity: 8.2 g / kg. The maize variety tested was Runfeng 1601.

[0049] Blank control group 1 (CK group): No nitrogen was applied.

[0050] Blank control group 2 (N group): routine nitrogen application; Comparison Group 1 (NS Group): Conventional nitrogen application, straw application; Implementation Group 1 (NSC Group): Conventional nitrogen application, followed by the soil conditioner provided in Example 1; Two groups (NSSC group) were implemented: conventional nitrogen application, straw application and soil conditioner application.

[0051] The experimental containers were plastic pots (36cm in diameter and 44cm in height), each containing 30kg of soil. Four pots were used for each treatment, for a total of 20.

[0052] Treatment with constant nitrogen fertilizer resulted in 300 kg / hm² of pure nitrogen. 2 P2O5 was 144 kg / hm. 2 The K2O dosage is 90 kg / hm². 2 Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used entirely as base fertilizers. Urea is applied as top dressing during the large trumpet stage, tasseling stage, and grain filling stage. The amount of fertilizer applied is shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1 Fertilizer application rate

[0054] The corn stalks used in the experiment were crushed to about 2-5 cm and prepared for use. 138g of corn stalks (900kg of stalks / mu) were added to each pot for the straw treatment. For the amendment treatment, 306g of furfural fermentation residue (2t / mu) was added per pot, 0.459g of polyacrylamide (3kg / mu) per pot, and 0.306g of nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide) (2kg / mu) per pot.

[0055] Three irrigations were conducted before corn planting to wash away salt, with water volumes of 4L / pot, 6L / pot, and 6L / pot respectively. When the soil moisture content in the pots reached approximately 60% of the field capacity, basal fertilizer was applied and corn was sown, with 10 seeds sown per pot. After emergence, one seedling with uniform growth was selected and retained. Throughout the growing season, the pots were regularly irrigated with tap water to maintain soil moisture content above 60% of the field capacity. Harvesting took place on August 8th. The corn plant height and aboveground biomass in each pot were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. Soil organic matter, soil pH, and microbial carbon and nitrogen content were also tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0056] Table 2 Test Results

[0057] As shown in Table 2, the application of soil conditioner can effectively increase the height of corn plants and the aboveground biomass of corn. Whether or not straw is added, it does not affect the effect of soil conditioner on the growth of corn plants.

[0058] Table 3 Soil property test results

[0059] As shown in Table 3, the soil physicochemical properties were significantly improved after the application of the soil conditioner according to the present invention. For example, in the NSC group, the soil organic matter content increased significantly compared to the N group, and the pH value decreased significantly. More importantly, the microbial carbon and nitrogen content in the soil also increased from 359.36±13.70 mg / kg to 507.81±38.19 mg / kg. These data confirm the beneficial effects of the soil conditioner on the soil.

[0060] II. Pot Test 2 Processing Group: CK: Conventional nitrogen and phosphorus application; SC: Reduce nitrogen and phosphorus application by 20% and apply soil conditioner.

[0061] The experimental containers were plastic pots (36 cm in diameter, 44 cm in height), each containing 30 kg of soil. Four pots were used per treatment, for a total of eight treatments. The treatment applying a standard nitrogen fertilizer had a pure nitrogen concentration of 300 kg / hm². 2 P2O5 was 144 kg / hm. 2 Treatment with a 20% reduction in chemical fertilizer application resulted in a pure nitrogen content of 240 kg / hm². 2 P2O5 is 115 kg / hm 2 The total K2O dosage for all treatments was 90 kg / hm². 2 See Table 4 for details on fertilizer application rates for each treatment. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were used entirely as base fertilizers, with urea applied as top dressing during the large trumpet stage, tasseling stage, and grain-filling stage.

[0062] Table 4 Fertilizer application rate (g / pot)

[0063] Apply the improver to each pot of furfural fermentation residue at a rate of 306g / pot (2t / mu).

[0064] The tested soil had a pH of 8.47, organic carbon of 9.67 g / kg, total nitrogen of 1.10 g / kg, available phosphorus of 23.40 mg / kg, and an initial salt content of 8.2 g / kg. The tested maize variety was Runfeng 1601.

[0065] Before planting, the soil was washed away with water three times, with water volumes of 4L / pot, 6L / pot, and 6L / pot respectively. When the soil moisture content in the pots reached about 60% of the field capacity, basal fertilizer was applied and corn was sown, with 10 corn kernels sown in each pot. After emergence, one seedling with uniform growth was selected and retained. Throughout the growing season, the soil was regularly irrigated with tap water to maintain the soil moisture content in the pots at more than 60% of the field capacity. The corn was harvested in August, and the soil EC value and aboveground biomass of each pot were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0066] Table 5. Results of soil EC values ​​and aboveground biomass tests

[0067] As shown in Table 5, in saline-alkali soil with a salt content as high as 8.2 g / kg, the soil electrical conductivity of the conventional treatment (CK) after irrigating and leaching salt before planting corn was still 12.22 ds / m, while the soil electrical conductivity of the soil after applying soil conditioner (SC) after irrigating and leaching salt before planting corn decreased significantly, by 21% compared with the conventional treatment, reaching 9.64 ds / m.

[0068] From planting maize until harvest, soil EC values ​​continued to decrease significantly in all treatments. The conventional treatment (CK) had a soil EC value of 1.98 ds / m at maize harvest, while the soil EC value after applying soil conditioner had a soil EC value of 1.62 ds / m at maize harvest, which was 18% lower than the conventional treatment.

[0069] The conventional treatment (CK) achieved an aboveground biomass of 141 g / pot after harvest, while the aboveground biomass of maize in the soil amendment treatment group, which applied soil amendment on top of a 20% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus, did not decrease. At maize harvest, the aboveground biomass reached 162 g / pot, an increase of 14.9% compared to the conventional treatment.

[0070] This indicates that, on the basis of high soil salinity, the application of soil conditioners and reasonable irrigation for salt leaching can rapidly reduce soil electrical conductivity and increase aboveground biomass of maize at harvest time.

[0071] III. Sunflower Plot Experiment in Guangming Village, Wuyuan County Basic physicochemical properties of the soil: pH 8.47, electrical conductivity 538.05 µS / cm, organic carbon 9.67 g / kg, total nitrogen 1.10 g / kg, available phosphorus 23.40 mg / kg; Soil mechanical composition: clay (particle size < 2 µm) accounts for 9.09%; silt (particle size 2-50 µm) accounts for 90.7%; sand (particle size 50-2000 µm) accounts for 0.21%.

[0072] The irrigation water used in the experiment was natural Yellow River water.

[0073] Physicochemical properties of furfural fermentation residue in soil conditioner (SC): pH 2.32, electrical conductivity 8500µs / cm, organic carbon 376.6g / kg, total nitrogen 0.72g / kg, available phosphorus 189.63mg / kg.

[0074] This experiment included three treatment groups: basal fertilizer alone (CK group), basal fertilizer plus organic fertilizer (M group), and basal fertilizer plus soil conditioner (SC).

[0075] The base fertilizer consists of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the top dressing is urea. The specific fertilization plan and material treatment plan are shown in Table 6.

[0076] Table 6 Fertilization Plan

[0077] After sunflower harvest, soil samples from each treatment were destructively collected to determine soil moisture content, soil microbial carbon and nitrogen content, and soil basal respiration value. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0078] Table 7 Soil Test Results

[0079] As can be seen from Table 7, after applying soil conditioner or organic fertilizer, the soil moisture content increased, and the soil microbial carbon and nitrogen content and soil basic respiration value were all improved. This is sufficient to show that the soil conditioner provided by the present invention has excellent soil improvement effect and can even replace organic fertilizer.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reducing soil salinity and enhancing soil efficiency in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioners with irrigation methods, characterized in that... The process includes the following steps: 3-5 days before autumn irrigation, deeply bury the first component of the soil conditioner in the soil of the Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia, and then irrigate in autumn. During the application of base fertilizer or top dressing, the second component of the soil conditioner is buried deep in the soil of the Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia for irrigation. The first component of the soil conditioner includes furfural fermentation residue; The second component of the soil conditioner includes a urease inhibitor, a nitrification inhibitor, and polyacrylamide.

2. The method for reducing soil salinity and improving soil efficiency in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The furfural fermentation residue has a pH of 2-2.5, an electrical conductivity of 8500-8700 μs / cm, an organic carbon content of 300-400 g / kg, a total nitrogen content of 0.5-1 g / kg, and an available phosphorus content of 180-200 mg / kg.

3. The method for reducing salinity and improving efficiency of soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The mass ratio of urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and polyacrylamide in the second component of the soil conditioner is 1.25:4.5-5.5:

1.

4. The method for reducing salinity and improving efficiency of soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that... The urease inhibitor is any one or more of N-butylthiophosphoric triamine, phenylphosphoric diamine, or cyclohexylphosphoric triamine.

5. The method for reducing salinity and improving soil efficiency in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioners with irrigation methods as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that... The nitration inhibitor is any one or more of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 3-methylpyrazole, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine, 2-amino-4-chloro-9-methylpyridine, or dicyandiamide.

6. The method for reducing soil salinity and enhancing soil efficiency in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The preparation method of the soil conditioner includes the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the furfural residue and carry out rapid fermentation to obtain the first component; Step 2: Weigh out the urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and polyacrylamide according to the designed ratio, mix them evenly to obtain the second component; Step 3: Package the first component and the second component separately to obtain the soil conditioner.

7. The method for reducing soil salinity and enhancing soil efficiency in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods as described in claim 6, characterized in that... In step one, the rapid fermentation time is 24-40 hours.

8. The method for reducing salinity and improving efficiency of soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Specifically, the steps include the following: Apply the first component of the soil conditioner to the soil 3-5 days before autumn irrigation, bury it to a depth of 30-35 cm and mix it evenly, then irrigate in autumn; apply the second component of the soil conditioner and base fertilizer 3-5 days before spring planting, till and mix evenly, cover with soil and mulch.

9. The method for reducing salinity and improving soil efficiency in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining a soil conditioner with an irrigation method as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that... Specifically, the steps are as follows: 3-5 days before autumn irrigation, apply the first component of the soil conditioner to the soil, bury it to a depth of 30-35cm and mix it evenly, and then irrigate in autumn; 3-5 days before spring planting, apply base fertilizer, till and mix it evenly, cover with soil, cover with film, and apply the second component when applying topdressing fertilizer with water.

10. The method for reducing salinity and improving efficiency of soil in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia by combining soil conditioner with irrigation methods as described in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that... The application rate of the first component is 1-6 tons per mu; The application rate of the second component is 2.5-3 kg / mu; The thickness of the covering soil is 3-30cm.

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