Cooperative treatment system for tar detection and pollutant degradation in underground cavity area of coal field

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal field underground cavity area tar detection and pollutant degradation collaborative treatment system, which belongs to the field of tar detection and degradation and comprises a detection unit, a data analysis unit, a preparation preparation unit, an injection well unit and a monitoring unit. A three-dimensional space distribution model is generated through multi-source physical field data fusion, a composite carrier is constructed by utilizing microencapsulated bacterial liquid and micro-nano bubbles, and collaborative treatment of chemical oxidation and biodegradation is realized by adopting a staged pulse injection strategy. The system can accurately identify pollution spatial distribution, solves the problem of colonization of strains on hydrophobic surfaces, significantly improves the degradation efficiency of tar pollutants, realizes dynamic optimization of the treatment process through closed-loop monitoring, and has the outstanding advantages of high treatment precision, strong adaptability and low operation cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of coal tar detection and degradation in coal fire area, and particularly relates to a coal tar detection and pollutant degradation synergistic management system in underground cavity area of coalfield. BACKGROUND

[0002] Coal tar pollution in underground cavity area of coalfield is a typical environmental problem derived from the process of coal mining and utilization, and its management relies on two key links of accurate detection and efficient degradation of the pollution area. At present, various technical routes have been formed for the management of such pollution. In the aspect of detection, a single geophysical method such as transient electromagnetic method or resistivity method is often used to identify underground abnormal bodies, but due to the multi-solution of the method itself and the interference of complex geological conditions, it is difficult to accurately distinguish the spatial distribution characteristics of the cavity boundary and the internal tar enrichment area. In the aspect of degradation, the existing technologies mostly use in-situ chemical oxidation or bioremediation means, such as injecting oxidizing agents such as persulfate to degrade pollutants, or adding functional microbial inoculants for biodegradation. However, these methods often face problems such as low adhesion rate of bacterial agents on the surface of strong hydrophobic tar, poor stability of micro-nano bubbles in underground high-pressure environment, and unclear synergistic mechanism of oxidizing agents and biological agents, resulting in limited management efficiency and high cost.

[0003] Although the existing technologies can achieve the degradation of pollutants to some extent, there are still significant deficiencies in actual application: first, the single detection means leads to insufficient identification accuracy of the spatial distribution of underground cavities and tar, which is difficult to support accurate management; second, the survival rate, targeted delivery and effective colonization ability of functional strains in underground environment are poor, which limits the exertion of biodegradation effect; third, the chemical oxidation and biodegradation processes lack effective time sequence cooperation and spatial cooperation, which may produce toxic intermediates due to incomplete oxidation, and also makes it difficult to achieve full-spectrum degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field for a closed-loop management scheme that can integrate accurate detection, intelligent agent delivery and synergistic degradation, in order to systematically improve the management efficiency and adaptability of coal tar pollution in underground cavity area of coalfield. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a coal tar detection and pollutant degradation synergistic management system in underground cavity area of coalfield, comprising: a detection unit for collecting physical field data of a target area; a data analysis unit connected with the detection unit, for generating a three-dimensional spatial distribution model of tar enrichment area and underground cavity according to the physical field data; a preparation unit for preparing bubble-microcapsule complex and activated persulfate solution; An injection well unit is used to deploy based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution model and inject the bubble-microcapsule complex and activated persulfate solution into the target contaminated area. The monitoring unit is used to monitor changes in physicochemical parameters during the degradation process in real time and dynamically adjust the degradation strategy based on feedback information.

[0005] Optionally, the detection unit includes a multi-band transient electromagnetic device, a gravimeter, a resistivity measuring device, and a magnetic force measuring device; The multi-band transient electromagnetic device is used to output dynamic frequency sweep signals. The low-frequency band is used to identify low-resistivity anomalies in underground cavities, and the high-frequency band is used to characterize the high-resistivity features of tar-rich areas.

[0006] Optionally, the data analysis unit includes a Bayesian inversion algorithm module for fusing transient electromagnetic data, gravity data, resistivity data, and magnetic anomaly data; the Bayesian inversion algorithm module is used to establish a joint likelihood function to quantify the uncertainty of multi-source data and output the three-dimensional spatial distribution model in the form of a posterior probability distribution.

[0007] Optionally, the formulation preparation unit includes a bacterial agent pretreatment module, a microencapsulation reaction module, a micro / nano bubble generation module, and an intelligent activation optimization module; The bacterial agent pretreatment module is used to prepare functional bacterial strain suspensions; The microencapsulation reaction module is connected to the bacterial agent pretreatment module and is used to generate chitosan-phospholipid bilayer microcapsules containing functional strains and biosurfactants based on the functional strain suspension. The micro-nano bubble generating module is connected to the microencapsulation reaction module and is used to form a bubble-microcapsule composite by combining the microcapsules and micro-nano bubbles. The intelligent activation optimization module is used to activate the persulfate solution and dynamically optimize the activation parameters based on online monitoring data.

[0008] Optionally, the microencapsulation reaction module includes a microencapsulation reactor, which integrates a first composite sensor for monitoring the mixing environment of chitosan solution, phospholipid suspension and bacterial agent suspension.

[0009] Optionally, the micro / nano bubble generating module includes a Venturi bubble generator, a gas supply system, a foam stabilizer addition unit, a microcapsule-water mixing system, and a pipeline curing device. The gas supply system is connected to the gas inlet of the Venturi bubble generator; The foam stabilizer addition unit is configured to introduce a foam stabilizer into the liquid entering the Venturi bubble generator. The microcapsule-water mixing system is configured to provide a mixture of microcapsules and water and deliver it to the liquid inlet of the Venturi bubble generator; The Venturi bubble generator is used to generate micro-nano bubbles according to changes in fluid pressure, and to combine the micro-nano bubbles with microcapsules to form a bubble-microcapsule composite. The pipeline curing device is connected to the outlet pipeline of the Venturi bubble generator and is used to homogenize and stabilize the bubble-microcapsule complex liquid.

[0010] Optionally, the injection well unit is provided with a first channel and a second channel, the first channel being used to deliver the bubble-microcapsule composite, and the second channel being used to deliver the activated persulfate solution; A second composite sensor is installed at the bottom of the injection well unit to adjust the injection process based on real-time monitored injection parameters.

[0011] Optionally, the system is used to employ a staged pulse injection strategy, including: During the pilot injection phase, the bubble-microcapsule complex is injected preferentially through the first channel for 2-4 hours; During the main body co-injection stage, the bubble-microcapsule complex is injected through the first channel, the activated persulfate solution is injected through the second channel, and the bubble-microcapsule complex is injected again through the first channel in a sequential pulse alternation, with the interval between the injection of the bubble-microcapsule complex and the injection of the activated persulfate solution not less than 2 hours. During the maintenance injection phase, after the pollutant concentration has significantly decreased, the bubble-microcapsule complex is continuously injected through the first channel for 7-10 days.

[0012] Optionally, the monitoring unit includes a sensor network, a data processing unit, and a control command generation module; the sensor network is used to collect the physicochemical parameters in real time; the data processing unit is configured to analyze and process the collected data; and the control command generation module is used to generate control commands based on the analysis results to dynamically adjust the degradation strategy.

[0013] Optionally, the control instruction generation module is used to predict the degradation endpoint based on the rate trend of pollutant concentration decrease and adjust the injection parameters; The system is also used to reactivate the detection unit and the data analysis unit after the governance phase is completed to evaluate the governance effect and decide on subsequent strategies.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention relates to a system for detecting tar in underground cavities of coalfields and for the synergistic degradation of tar by bubbles and microcapsules, comprising a detection unit, a data analysis unit, a formulation preparation unit, an injection well unit, and a monitoring unit. A three-dimensional spatial distribution model is generated through the fusion of multi-source physical field data. A composite carrier is constructed using microencapsulated bacterial solution and micro / nano bubbles. A staged pulse injection strategy is employed to achieve synergistic treatment of chemical oxidation and biodegradation. This system can accurately identify the spatial distribution of contaminants, solve the problem of bacterial colonization on hydrophobic surfaces, significantly improve the degradation efficiency of tar pollutants, and dynamically optimize the treatment process through closed-loop monitoring. It has outstanding advantages such as high treatment accuracy, strong adaptability, and low operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the formulation preparation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the injection well unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein: 1. Persulfate storage tank; 2. Activation reactor; 3. Oxidation capacity assessment module; 4. Transition metal salt storage tank; 5. Flow regulating valve; 6. Functional strain suspension; 7. Buffer conditioning system; 8. Strain culture tank; 9. First composite sensor; 10. Microcapsule reactor; 11. Metering pump; 12. Chitosan solution storage tank; 13. Phospholipid suspension storage tank; 14. Foam stabilizer addition unit; 15. Gas supply system; 16. Pipeline curing device; 17. Venturi bubble generator; 18. Chitosan-phospholipid bilayer microcapsule; 19. Bubble-microcapsule composite; 20. High-pressure injection pump; 21. Microcapsule-water mixing system; 22. Activated persulfate solution; 23. Second composite sensor; 24. Sealing device; 25. First channel; 26. Second channel; 27. Automated control module. Detailed Implementation

[0016] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0018] Example 1 This embodiment provides a synergistic treatment system for tar detection and pollutant degradation in underground cavities of coalfields, including: The detection unit is used to collect physical field data of the target area; A data analysis unit, connected to the detection unit, is used to generate a three-dimensional spatial distribution model of tar-rich areas and underground cavities based on the physical field data. The formulation preparation unit is used to prepare bubble-microcapsule complex 19 and activated persulfate solution 22; The injection well unit, based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution model, is used to inject the bubble-microcapsule composite 19 and the activated persulfate solution 22 into the target contaminated area. The monitoring unit is used to monitor changes in physicochemical parameters during the degradation process in real time and dynamically adjust the degradation strategy based on feedback information.

[0019] This invention provides a system for detecting tar and co-degrading gas bubbles and microcapsules in underground cavities of coalfields, comprising five parts: a detection unit, a data analysis unit, a formulation preparation unit, an injection well unit, and a monitoring unit. The detection unit is configured to collect multi-source physical field data of the target area; the data analysis unit is connected to the detection unit and configured to perform joint inversion and interpretation of the physical field data to generate a three-dimensional spatial distribution model of tar-rich areas and underground cavities. The formulation preparation unit is configured to prepare micro-nano bubble bacterial solution and activated persulfate solution 22; the injection well unit is laid out based on a three-dimensional spatial distribution model and configured to deliver the degradation formulation to the target contaminated area; the monitoring unit is configured to monitor the changes in physicochemical parameters during the degradation process in real time and dynamically adjust the degradation strategy based on feedback information.

[0020] The detection unit proposed in this embodiment includes a multi-band transient electromagnetic device, a gravimeter, a resistivity measuring device, and a magnetic measuring device; the data analysis unit uses a Bayesian inversion algorithm module to fuse transient electromagnetic data, gravity data, resistivity data, and magnetic anomaly data, and configures them to separate and delineate the boundaries of underground cavities and internal tar-rich areas. like Figure 2As shown, the formulation preparation unit includes a bacterial agent pretreatment module, a microencapsulation reaction module, a micro / nano bubble generation module, and an intelligent activation optimization module. The bacterial agent pretreatment module is used to prepare a functional bacterial strain suspension 6. The microencapsulation reaction module is connected to the bacterial agent pretreatment module and is used to generate chitosan-phospholipid bilayer microcapsules 18 containing functional bacterial strains and biosurfactants based on the functional bacterial strain suspension 6. The micro / nano bubble generation module is connected to the microencapsulation reaction module and is used to form a bubble-microcapsule complex 19 based on the combination of the microcapsules and micro / nano bubbles. The intelligent activation optimization module is used to activate the persulfate solution and dynamically optimize the activation parameters based on online monitoring data.

[0021] The intelligent activation optimization module includes an activation reactor 2 connected to the outlet of the persulfate storage tank 1. The activation reactor 2 is configured to have its addition parameters dynamically adjusted by the transition metal salt storage tank 4 through an oxidation capacity assessment system.

[0022] The multi-band transient electromagnetic device is configured to output a dynamic frequency sweep signal. The low-frequency band is used to identify low-resistivity anomalies in underground cavities, and the high-frequency band is used to characterize the high-resistivity features of tar-rich areas. The gravimeter is configured to provide structural constraints to improve the accuracy of the cavity geometry generated by the transient electromagnetic data inversion. The magnetic force measurement device is configured to identify highly permeable fracture channels in the transient electromagnetic inversion model.

[0023] Optionally, the Bayesian inversion algorithm module is configured to establish a joint likelihood function to quantify the uncertainty of multi-source data and output the inversion results in the form of a posterior probability distribution of a three-dimensional spatial distribution model. In the Bayesian inversion algorithm module, gravity data serves as a structural constraint to optimize the inversion accuracy of the cavity geometry; magnetic anomaly data serves as prior information to identify the location of highly permeable fracture channels.

[0024] The bacterial agent pretreatment module includes a bacterial culture tank 8 and a buffer conditioning system 7, configured to prepare a functional bacterial suspension 6; the microencapsulation reaction module includes a chitosan solution storage tank 12, a phospholipid suspension storage tank 13 and a microencapsulation reaction vessel 10, configured to generate chitosan-phospholipid bilayer microcapsules 18 containing functional bacterial strains and biosurfactants; the micro-nano bubble generation module includes a gas supply system 15, a microcapsule-water mixing system 21 and a Venturi bubble generator 17, configured to combine microcapsules and micro-nano bubbles to form a bubble-microcapsule composite 19.

[0025] In the micro / nano bubble generating module, the microcapsule-water mixing system 21 is used to prepare an aqueous mixture containing chitosan-phospholipid bilayer microcapsules 18. Its outlet is connected to the liquid inlet of the Venturi bubble generator 17 via a pipeline. The foam stabilizer addition unit 14 introduces the foam stabilizer directly or proportionally into the microcapsule mixture pipeline flowing to the Venturi bubble generator 17 via a metering pump 11. The outlet of the gas supply system 15 is connected to the gas inlet of the Venturi bubble generator 17 via a metering pump 11.

[0026] The Venturi bubble generator 17 receives a mixture from the microcapsule-water mixing system 21 with added foam stabilizer at its liquid inlet, and receives gas from the gas supply system 15 at its gas inlet. Inside the generator, the pressure drop and turbulence generated by the fluid passing through the Venturi tube shear the gas into micro- and nano-bubbles, causing them to physically adsorb and encapsulate with the microcapsules in the mixture, initially forming a bubble-microcapsule composite 19 suspension. The inlet of the pipe-type curing device 16 is directly connected to the outlet of the Venturi bubble generator 17. As the initial bubble-microcapsule composite 19 suspension from the Venturi bubble generator 17 flows through the curing device pipe, it undergoes further mixing, homogenization, and stabilization of the bubble-microcapsule structure within a controllable flow rate and time, ultimately outputting a uniform and stable bubble-microcapsule composite 19 from its outlet.

[0027] Optionally, the microencapsulation reaction module's microencapsulation reactor 10 integrates a first composite sensor 9, which consists of a pH sensor and a temperature sensor, configured to precisely control the mixing environment of the chitosan solution, phospholipid suspension, and bacterial agent suspension; the outlet of the microencapsulation reactor 10 is connected to the micro / nano bubble generating module via a pressure-resistant silicone tube, and a flow regulating valve 5 and a 0.22μm filter are installed on the tube.

[0028] Optionally, a pipeline curing device 16 is connected to the outlet pipe of the Venturi bubble generator 17 of the micro-nano bubble generating module. The pipeline curing device includes a multi-stage variable diameter pipe and a spiral flow guiding structure, configured to extend the residence time of the bubble-microcapsule composite 19 in the pipe, so that the bubble surface can fully adsorb the microcapsules and form a stable structure. The outlet of the pipeline curing device 16 is connected to the injection well unit through a high-pressure injection pump 20.

[0029] The injection well unit is provided with a first channel 25 and a second channel 26. The first channel 25 is used to deliver the bubble-microcapsule composite 19, and the second channel 26 is used to deliver the activated persulfate solution 22. A second composite sensor 23 is provided at the bottom of the injection well. The second composite sensor 23 consists of a pressure sensor and a flow meter. Its real-time data is fed back to the automatic control module 27. When the injection pressure fluctuates abnormally, the injection flow rate and ratio of the bubble-microcapsule composite 19 and the activated persulfate solution 22 are dynamically adjusted. The injection well unit also includes a sealing device 24.

[0030] Optionally, the injection of the bubble-microcapsule complex 19 and the activated persulfate solution 22 adopts a staged pulsed timing control strategy: in the pilot injection stage, the bubble-microcapsule complex 19 is injected preferentially for 2-4 hours to improve the hydrophobicity of the tar surface and establish the initial microbial community; in the main co-injection stage, the microbial solution is injected alternately in the order of microbial solution → activated persulfate solution 22 → microbial solution, wherein the interval between the injection of microbial solution and activated persulfate solution 22 is not less than 2 hours; in the maintenance injection stage, after the pollutant concentration has decreased significantly, the bubble-microcapsule complex 19 is continuously injected for 7-10 days to completely degrade the residual pollutants and prevent rebound.

[0031] Optionally, in the main body co-injection stage, the bacterial solution injection before the injection of activated persulfate solution 22 reduces the contact angle of the tar surface to below 60°, thereby improving the penetration efficiency and oxidation effect of the subsequent activated persulfate solution 22; the bacterial solution injection following the injection of activated persulfate solution 22 is used to degrade low molecular weight intermediates generated during the oxidation process, prevent toxicity accumulation, and achieve complete degradation of the entire spectrum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

[0032] The control instruction generation module of the monitoring unit is configured to predict the degradation endpoint based on the rate trend of pollutant concentration decrease and reduce the injection rate of the injection pump in advance; after the treatment phase is completed, the detection unit and data analysis unit are activated again to evaluate the treatment effect by comparing the changes in the three-dimensional spatial distribution model before and after treatment, and to decide on subsequent treatment strategies.

[0033] Optionally, the outlet of the pipeline maturation device is equipped with an online bubble particle size monitoring instrument, and its monitoring data is fed back to the metering pump 11 of the foam stabilizer addition unit 14 to realize closed-loop control of the foam stabilizer addition amount.

[0034] This embodiment also provides a method for the coordinated treatment of tar detection and degradation in underground cavities in coalfields using the above-mentioned system, including the following steps: collecting physical field data using a detection unit; generating a three-dimensional spatial distribution model using a data analysis unit; preparing a bubble-microcapsule complex 19 and an activated persulfate solution 22 using a formulation preparation unit; deploying injection well units based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution model and injecting degradation agents; and monitoring and dynamically adjusting the degradation strategy in real time through a monitoring unit.

[0035] The process employs a phased pulsed injection strategy: In the pilot phase, the bubble-microcapsule complex 19 is injected for 2-4 hours to improve the tar surface properties; in the main phase, it is injected alternately in a pulsed sequence of bacterial solution → activated persulfate solution 22 → bacterial solution, with an interval of at least 2 hours between the injections; in the maintenance phase, the bubble-microcapsule complex 19 is continuously injected for 7-10 days; the bubble-microcapsule complex 19 ruptures upon contact with the tar contaminant surface, simultaneously releasing functional bacterial strains and biosurfactants to in-situ alter the hydrophobicity of the tar surface; the activated persulfate solution 22 is directly delivered in liquid form, combined with injection well units deployed based on a three-dimensional spatial distribution model, achieving a cavity accumulation efficiency of over 70%; the monitoring unit dynamically adjusts degradation parameters based on real-time monitoring data, achieving closed-loop dynamic optimization of the degradation strategy.

[0036] Example 2 This embodiment provides a synergistic treatment system for tar detection and pollutant degradation in underground cavities of coalfields, including: The connection relationships and data flow direction between the detection unit, data analysis unit, formulation preparation unit, injection well unit, and monitoring unit; Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the injection well unit, showing the distribution of independent channels within the injection well and the injection method of the bubble-microcapsule complex 19 and the activated persulfate solution 22.

[0037] The detection unit consists of a multi-band transient electromagnetic device, a gravimeter, a resistivity measuring device, and a magnetometer, all connected to the data analysis unit via signal cables. The multi-band transient electromagnetic device is equipped with low-frequency and high-frequency output ports; the low-frequency band is used to identify low-resistivity anomalies in underground cavities, while the high-frequency band characterizes the high-resistivity features of tar-rich areas. The gravimeter is mounted on a fixed ground support, and its signal output is connected to the input of the data analysis unit to provide structural constraints, thereby improving the accuracy of transient electromagnetic data inversion.

[0038] A resistivity measuring device is deployed on the surface of the target area via an electrode array, which is connected to a data analysis unit via a shielded cable to collect resistivity data. A magnetic measuring device is mounted on a mobile platform, and its signal output communicates with the data analysis unit via a wireless transmission module to identify the location of highly permeable fracture channels. These devices together constitute a detection unit, and the data they collect is transmitted to the data analysis unit via wired or wireless means.

[0039] The data analysis unit integrates a Bayesian inversion algorithm module, which uses software to establish and calculate the joint likelihood function. Transient electromagnetic data, gravity data, resistivity data, and magnetic anomaly data are input to the Bayesian inversion algorithm module through their respective interfaces. The module quantifies the uncertainty of the multi-source data and outputs the posterior probability distribution of the three-dimensional spatial distribution model. The data analysis unit connects to the monitoring unit via a data bus to transmit the inversion results in real time for subsequent adjustments to the governance strategy. The data analysis unit also connects to the detection unit via control signal lines for dynamically adjusting detection parameters.

[0040] The formulation preparation unit includes a bacterial agent pretreatment module, a microencapsulation reaction module, a micro / nano bubble generation module, and a persulfate activation module. The bacterial agent pretreatment module consists of a bacterial strain culture tank 8 and a buffer conditioning system 7. The bacterial strain culture tank 8 is connected to the buffer conditioning system 7 via pipes, and the outlet of the buffer conditioning system 7 is connected to the microencapsulation reaction module via a pressure-resistant silicone tube.

[0041] The microencapsulation reaction module includes a chitosan solution storage tank 12, a phospholipid suspension storage tank 13, and a microencapsulation reactor 10. The chitosan solution storage tank 12 and the phospholipid suspension storage tank 13 are respectively connected to the microencapsulation reactor 10 via a metering pump 11. The microencapsulation reactor 10 integrates a first composite sensor 9 for precise control of the mixing environment.

[0042] The outlet of the microcapsule reactor 10 is connected to the micro / nano bubble generating module via a pressure-resistant silicone tube. A flow regulating valve 5 and a 0.22μm filter are installed on the tube. The micro / nano bubble generating module includes a gas supply system 15, a microcapsule-water mixing system 21, and a Venturi bubble generator 17. The gas supply system 15 is connected to the Venturi bubble generator 17 via a pressure reducing valve, and the microcapsule-water mixing system 21 is connected to the inlet of the Venturi bubble generator 17 via a pipe.

[0043] The Venturi bubble generator 17 is connected to a pipeline maturation device 16 at its outlet pipe. The pipeline maturation device includes multi-stage variable diameter pipes and a spiral flow guiding structure, and its outlet is connected to a high-pressure injection pump 20. The persulfate activation module includes a persulfate storage tank 1, an activation reactor 2, an oxidation capacity assessment module 3, and a transition metal salt storage tank 4. It is used to activate the persulfate solution, converting the activated persulfate solution 22 into highly efficient reactive free radicals that degrade pollutants. Simultaneously, the persulfate activation module is also connected to a high-pressure injection pump 20, which is connected to an injection well unit.

[0044] Injection well unit such as Figure 3 As shown, the injection well is equipped with an independent first channel 25 and a second channel 26, separated by a partition to ensure independent delivery of the two formulations. A second composite sensor 23 is installed at the bottom of the injection well. The pressure sensor is connected to the automation control module 27 via a signal line, and the flow meter is connected to the automation control module 27 via a data line. The injection well unit is connected to the formulation preparation unit via a pipeline, which is equipped with a solenoid valve and a flow regulating device to control the injection flow rate and ratio.

[0045] The monitoring unit includes an intelligent dynamic control system that collects physicochemical parameters in real time through a sensor network. The sensor network includes temperature sensors, pH sensors, redox potential sensors, and pollutant concentration sensors, each connected to a data processing unit via signal lines. The data processing unit connects to a control command generation module via a communication interface. This module, in turn, connects to the formulation preparation unit and the injection well unit via control signal lines, enabling closed-loop dynamic adjustment of the degradation strategy.

[0046] During system operation, the detection unit is activated first. The multi-band transient electromagnetic device outputs a dynamic frequency sweep signal, the gravimeter synchronously collects gravity data, the resistivity measuring device collects resistivity data through an electrode array, and the magnetometer collects magnetic anomaly data. The collected data is transmitted to the data analysis unit via signal lines. The Bayesian inversion algorithm module fuses the data to generate a three-dimensional spatial distribution model of tar-rich areas and underground cavities. Based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution model, injection well units are deployed in the target area, and the location and depth of each injection well are determined.

[0047] The formulation preparation unit begins operation. In the bacterial pretreatment module, the bacterial culture tank 8 cultivates functional bacterial strains, and the buffer adjustment system 7 adjusts the pH of the bacterial solution to prepare a functional bacterial suspension 6. In the microencapsulation reaction module, the chitosan solution storage tank 12 and the phospholipid suspension storage tank 13 respectively supply raw materials to the microencapsulation reactor 10 via metering pumps 11. Inside the microencapsulation reactor 10, the first composite sensor 9 monitors the mixing environment in real time, generating chitosan-phospholipid bilayer microcapsules 18 containing functional bacterial strains and biosurfactants.

[0048] Microcapsules are delivered to the micro / nano bubble generating module via pressure-resistant silicone tubing. Gas supply system 15 supplies gas to Venturi bubble generator 17 via a pressure reducing valve. Microcapsule-water mixing system 21 mixes microcapsules with water and delivers the mixture to the inlet of Venturi bubble generator 17. Foam stabilizer addition unit 14 is configured to directly introduce foam stabilizer or mix it proportionally into the microcapsule mixture pipeline flowing to Venturi bubble generator 17, generating bubble-microcapsule composite 19. The bubble-microcapsule composite 19 enters the pipeline-type curing unit 16 via a pipeline. The pipeline-type curing unit extends the residence time of the bubble-microcapsule composite 19, allowing it to form a stable structure before being delivered to the injection well unit.

[0049] The injection well unit employs a staged pulsed injection strategy. In the pilot injection stage, the bubble-microcapsule composite 19 is injected preferentially over 2-4 hours. The composite is then transported to the target contaminated area via the first channel 25, where it ruptures upon contact with the tar contaminant surface, releasing functional bacterial strains and biosurfactants to improve the hydrophobicity of the tar surface and establish an initial bacterial community. In the main co-injection stage, the bacterial solution is injected alternately in a pulsed sequence: bacterial solution → activated persulfate solution 22 → bacterial solution. The bacterial solution is transported via the first channel 25, and the activated persulfate solution 22 is transported via the second channel 26. The interval between the injection of the bacterial solution and the activated persulfate solution 22 is no less than 2 hours.

[0050] During the maintenance injection phase, the bubble-microcapsule composite 19 is continuously injected for 7-10 days to thoroughly degrade residual contaminants and prevent rebound. The second composite sensor 23 at the bottom of the injection well monitors the injection pressure and flow rate in real time. When the pressure fluctuates abnormally, the automatic control module 27 dynamically adjusts the injection flow rate and ratio of the bubble-microcapsule composite 19 and the activated persulfate solution 22.

[0051] The monitoring unit collects physicochemical parameters during the degradation process in real time through a sensor network. The data processing unit analyzes and processes the collected data, and the control command generation module predicts the degradation endpoint based on the pollutant concentration decrease rate trend, thus reducing the injection rate of the injection pump in advance. After the treatment phase is completed, the detection unit and data analysis unit are activated again to evaluate the treatment effect by comparing the changes in the three-dimensional spatial distribution model before and after treatment, and to decide on subsequent treatment strategies.

[0052] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and implement this invention, the specific implementation principle of this invention is further explained below in conjunction with a specific application scenario.

[0053] In the actual operation of tar pollution control in underground cavities in coalfields, the multi-band transient electromagnetic device in the detection unit is activated first. This device identifies low-resistivity anomaly areas in underground cavities through low-frequency signals, while simultaneously using high-frequency signals to characterize the high-resistivity features of tar-rich areas.

[0054] A gravimeter synchronously collects gravity data of the target area, while a resistivity measuring device, deployed on the surface via an electrode array, collects resistivity information. A magnetic measuring device, using a moving platform, identifies the locations of highly permeable fracture channels. This multi-source physical field data is transmitted via signal cables to a data analysis unit. A Bayesian inversion algorithm module fuses the transient electromagnetic data, gravity data, resistivity data, and magnetic anomaly data to generate a three-dimensional spatial distribution model of tar-rich areas and underground cavities. This model provides precise spatial positioning data for the subsequent deployment of injection well units.

[0055] When the formulation preparation unit starts operating, the bacterial strain culture tank 8 in the bacterial agent pretreatment module cultivates functional bacterial strains, and the buffer adjustment system 7 adjusts the pH value of the bacterial solution to meet the requirements of the subsequent microencapsulation reaction. The chitosan solution storage tank 12 and the phospholipid suspension storage tank 13 respectively deliver raw materials to the microencapsulation reactor 10 through the metering pump 11. The first composite sensor 9 in the microencapsulation reactor 10 monitors the mixing environment in real time to ensure the generation of chitosan-phospholipid bilayer microcapsules 18 containing functional bacterial strains and biosurfactants.

[0056] Chitosan-phospholipid bilayer microcapsules 18 are delivered to the micro / nano bubble generating module via pressure-resistant silicone tubing. Gas supply system 15 supplies gas to Venturi bubble generator 17 via a pressure reducing valve. Microcapsule-water mixing system 21 mixes the microcapsules with water and delivers the mixture to the inlet of Venturi bubble generator 17. Foam stabilizer addition unit 14 introduces foam stabilizer directly or proportionally into the microcapsule mixture pipeline flowing to Venturi bubble generator 17 via metering pump 11, generating bubble-microcapsule composite 19. The bubble-microcapsule composite 19 enters the pipeline curing unit 16 via a pipeline. The pipeline curing unit extends the residence time of the bubble-microcapsule composite 19, allowing it to form a stable structure before being delivered to the injection well unit.

[0057] The injection well unit employs a staged pulsed injection strategy. In the pilot injection stage, the bubble-microcapsule complex 19 is injected preferentially over 2-4 hours. The complex is transported to the target contaminated area through the first channel 25, rupturing upon contact with the tar contaminant surface to release functional bacterial strains and biosurfactants, improving the hydrophobicity of the tar surface and establishing an initial bacterial community. In the main co-injection stage, the bacterial solution is injected alternately in a pulsed sequence: bacterial solution → activated persulfate solution 22 → bacterial solution. The bacterial solution is transported through the first channel 25, and the activated persulfate solution 22 is transported through the second channel 26. The interval between the injection of the bacterial solution and the activated persulfate solution 22 is no less than 2 hours.

[0058] During the maintenance injection phase, the bubble-microcapsule composite 19 is continuously injected for 7-10 days to thoroughly degrade residual contaminants and prevent rebound. The second composite sensor 23 at the bottom of the injection well monitors the injection pressure and flow rate in real time. When the pressure fluctuates abnormally, the automatic control module 27 dynamically adjusts the injection flow rate and ratio of the bubble-microcapsule composite 19 and the activated persulfate solution 22.

[0059] The monitoring unit collects physicochemical parameters during the degradation process in real time through a sensor network, including temperature, pH, redox potential, and pollutant concentration. The data processing unit analyzes and processes the collected data, and the control instruction generation module predicts the degradation endpoint based on the pollutant concentration decrease rate trend and reduces the injection rate of the injection pump in advance. After the treatment phase is completed, the detection unit and data analysis unit are activated again to evaluate the treatment effect by comparing the changes in the three-dimensional spatial distribution model before and after treatment, and to decide on subsequent treatment strategies.

[0060] In the above process, the design of the bubble-microcapsule complex 19 enables the simultaneous delivery of functional bacterial strains and biosurfactants. The functional bacterial strains released upon rupture can in situ alter the hydrophobicity of the tar surface, thereby improving the penetration efficiency and oxidation effect of the subsequent activated persulfate solution 22. The injection of the activated persulfate solution 22 further degrades high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the tar pollutants, generating low-molecular-weight intermediates. Subsequently, the complete degradation of the entire spectrum of PAHs is achieved through the re-injection of the bacterial solution. The entire system, through multi-source data fusion detection, a staged pulsed injection strategy, and a closed-loop dynamic adjustment mechanism, constructs a complete technical closed loop of "detection-analysis-degradation-feedback," significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of tar pollution control.

[0061] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A system for the coordinated treatment of tar detection and pollutant degradation in underground cavities of coalfields, characterized in that, include: The detection unit is used to collect physical field data of the target area; A data analysis unit, connected to the detection unit, is used to generate a three-dimensional spatial distribution model of tar-rich areas and underground cavities based on the physical field data. The formulation preparation unit is used to prepare bubble-microcapsule complex (19) and activated persulfate solution (22). The injection well unit is used to deploy based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution model and inject the bubble-microcapsule composite (19) and activated persulfate solution (22) into the target contaminated area; The monitoring unit is used to monitor changes in physicochemical parameters during the degradation process in real time and dynamically adjust the degradation strategy based on feedback information.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection unit includes a multi-band transient electromagnetic device, a gravimeter, a resistivity measuring device, and a magnetic force measuring device. The multi-band transient electromagnetic device is used to output dynamic frequency sweep signals. The low-frequency band is used to identify low-resistivity anomalies in underground cavities, and the high-frequency band is used to characterize the high-resistivity features of tar-rich areas.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data analysis unit includes a Bayesian inversion algorithm module, which is used to fuse transient electromagnetic data, gravity data, resistivity data and magnetic anomaly data; the Bayesian inversion algorithm module is used to establish a joint likelihood function to quantify the uncertainty of multi-source data, and output the three-dimensional spatial distribution model in the form of a posterior probability distribution.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formulation preparation unit includes a bacterial agent pretreatment module, a microencapsulation reaction module, a micro / nano bubble generation module, and an intelligent activation optimization module; The microbial agent pretreatment module is used to prepare functional strain suspension (6). The microencapsulation reaction module is connected to the bacterial agent pretreatment module and is used to generate chitosan-phospholipid bilayer microcapsules (18) containing functional strains and biosurfactants based on the functional strain suspension (6). The micro-nano bubble generating module is connected to the microencapsulation reaction module and is used to form a bubble-microcapsule composite (19) based on the combination of microcapsules and micro-nano bubbles. The intelligent activation optimization module is used to activate the persulfate solution and dynamically optimize the activation parameters based on online monitoring data.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microencapsulation reaction module includes a microencapsulation reactor (10), which integrates a first composite sensor (9) for monitoring the mixing environment of chitosan solution, phospholipid suspension and bacterial agent suspension.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The micro-nano bubble generating module includes a Venturi bubble generator (17), a gas supply system (15), a foam stabilizer addition unit (14), a microcapsule-water mixing system (21), and a pipeline curing device (16). The gas supply system (15) is connected to the gas inlet of the Venturi bubble generator (17); The foam stabilizer addition unit (14) is configured to introduce a foam stabilizer into the liquid entering the Venturi bubble generator (17); The microcapsule-water mixing system (21) is configured to provide a mixture of microcapsules and water and deliver it to the liquid inlet of the Venturi bubble generator (17); The Venturi bubble generator (17) is used to generate micro-nano bubbles according to the change of fluid pressure, and to combine the micro-nano bubbles with microcapsules to form a bubble-microcapsule composite (19). The pipeline curing device (16) is connected to the outlet pipe of the Venturi bubble generator (17) for homogenizing and stabilizing the bubble-microcapsule complex (19).

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection well unit is provided with a first channel (25) and a second channel (26). The first channel (25) is used to deliver the bubble-microcapsule composite (19), and the second channel (26) is used to deliver the activated persulfate solution (22). A second composite sensor (23) is installed at the bottom of the injection well unit to adjust the injection process according to the real-time monitored injection parameters.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system is used to employ a staged pulse injection strategy, including: During the pilot injection phase, the bubble-microcapsule complex (19) is injected preferentially through the first channel (25) for 2-4 hours; In the main body co-injection stage, the bubble-microcapsule complex (19) is injected through the first channel (25), the activated persulfate solution (22) is injected through the second channel (26), and the bubble-microcapsule complex (19) is injected through the first channel (25) in a sequential pulse alternation, and the interval between the injection of the bubble-microcapsule complex (19) and the activated persulfate solution (22) is not less than 2 hours. During the maintenance injection phase, after the pollutant concentration has decreased significantly, the bubble-microcapsule complex (19) is continuously injected through the first channel (25) for 7-10 days.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring unit includes a sensor network, a data processing unit, and a control command generation module; the sensor network is used to collect the physicochemical parameters in real time; the data processing unit is configured to analyze and process the collected data; the control command generation module is used to generate control commands based on the analysis results to dynamically adjust the degradation strategy.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The control command generation module is used to predict the degradation endpoint and adjust the injection parameters based on the rate trend of pollutant concentration decrease. The system is also used to reactivate the detection unit and the data analysis unit after the governance phase is completed to evaluate the governance effect and decide on subsequent strategies.

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