Preparation method and application of earthworm manure rich in zinc and selenium elements
By preparing zinc- and selenium-enriched earthworm castings through earthworm biotransformation, the problems of low zinc and selenium absorption rates and poor safety in agricultural production have been solved. This has enabled the efficient enrichment of zinc and selenium, improving soil quality and the quality of agricultural products.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511648026.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing zinc and selenium enrichment technologies in agricultural production suffer from low crop absorption rates and poor safety. Furthermore, traditional earthworm castings have low zinc and selenium content, failing to meet the production needs of functional agricultural products.
By preparing zinc- and selenium-enriched earthworm feed, and using earthworm biotransformation methods, sodium selenite and zinc sulfate solutions are sprayed onto the earthworm feed. After adjusting the pH value, earthworms are raised, and finally, EM bacteria are added for fermentation to produce zinc- and selenium-enriched earthworm castings.
It increases the zinc and selenium content in agricultural products, meets the standards for functional agricultural products, improves crop absorption rate, improves soil structure, reduces element loss and soil residue, and enhances food safety and soil microbial activity.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer, in particular to a preparation method and application of zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm manure. BACKGROUND
[0002] Zinc and selenium are essential trace elements for human beings and functional nutrients closely related to human health.
[0003] Currently, the zinc and selenium enrichment technologies commonly used in agricultural production mainly include foliar spraying and soil fertilization, but both have obvious defects: firstly, foliar spraying often directly applies inorganic salt solutions such as sodium selenite and zinc sulfate, which can increase the surface element content of crops in the short term, but has problems such as uneven absorption, easy loss by rainwater erosion, high risk of residue in later period, and may cause crop leaf burn and quality decline in long-term use; secondly, the traditional soil fertilization method often uses inorganic zinc and selenium fertilizers or ordinary organic fertilizers mixed with inorganic salts, which can act on the roots of the soil, but the inorganic zinc and selenium is easy to combine with phosphate and carbonate in the soil to form insoluble compounds, with an absorption rate of less than 10% for crops, and may also damage the soil aggregate structure, leading to soil compaction and reduced microbial activity.
[0004] Earthworm manure, as a high-quality organic fertilizer, has been widely used in agricultural production due to its high content of humus, amino acids and various trace elements. Since the late 20th century, China has carried out large-scale earthworm breeding, which can not only dispose of agricultural wastes such as crop straw and livestock manure, but also produce earthworm manure. However, the zinc and selenium content of ordinary earthworm manure is very low, and the proportion of organic zinc and selenium is low, which cannot meet the production needs of zinc and selenium-rich functional agricultural products. At the same time, some studies have attempted to directly add inorganic zinc and selenium salts to ordinary earthworm manure, but the inorganic elements are easy to be fixed in the soil without biological transformation by earthworms, which still has the problems of low absorption rate and poor safety for crops. SUMMARY
[0005] The present application aims to provide a preparation method and application of zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm manure to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
[0006] A preparation method of zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm manure, comprising the following steps: S1, preparation of earthworm feed fermentation material: uniformly mix 40-70% of bacterial sludge and 30-60% of cow dung by mass ratio, and then stack and ferment; S2, preparation of zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed: uniformly spray 0.2M sodium selenite solution and 2M zinc sulfate solution into the stacking and fermentation product obtained in step S1, and adjust the pH value of the system with citric acid solution or lime water; S3, preparation of the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm manure: the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed obtained in step S2 is evenly laid on the ground, earthworm seedlings are put into the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed, and then a layer of the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed is laid on the earthworm seedlings, and the earthworms are routinely bred and managed, and the earthworm manure is regularly harvested; S4, post-treatment of the manure: the harvested earthworm manure is crushed to be uniform in particle size, and an EM microbial agent is added to the crushed product and subjected to composting fermentation, thereby obtaining the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm manure.
[0007] Preferably, the fermentation temperature in step S1 is controlled to be 38-55℃, and the fermentation time is 7-15 days.
[0008] Preferably, the spraying amount of the 0.2M sodium selenite solution in step S2 is 1-5% of the mass of the composting fermentation product obtained in step S1.
[0009] Preferably, the spraying amount of the 2M zinc sulfate solution in step S2 is 1-5% of the mass of the composting fermentation product obtained in step S1.
[0010] Preferably, the pH value of the adjusted system in step S2 is between 6-7.
[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the first layer of the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed laid in step S3 is 15cm.
[0012] Preferably, the thickness of the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed laid after the earthworm seedlings are put in step S3 is 5cm.
[0013] Preferably, the addition amount of the EM microbial agent in step S4 is 1% of the mass of the crushed earthworm manure.
[0014] An application of the earthworm manure prepared by the method for preparing the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm manure, and the application mode is: before the beginning of the growth season of agricultural products, the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm manure is applied as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer application amount of each mu of agricultural products is 100kg.
[0015] The beneficial effects achieved by the present application are: 1. The zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm manure prepared by the present application has much higher zinc content and selenium content than ordinary earthworm manure, and when applied to agricultural product production, the zinc content and selenium content of the agricultural products can be greatly improved compared with agricultural products without earthworm manure, thereby meeting the requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products, and directly producing zinc-rich and selenium-rich functional agricultural products that meet national standards, thereby filling the market supply gap.
[0016] 2. Compared to traditional foliar spraying and inorganic fertilizer application to soil, this invention utilizes earthworm biotransformation to convert zinc and selenium into an organic form. Organic zinc and selenium are more easily absorbed by crop roots and are less likely to bind and fix with phosphates and carbonates in the soil, reducing element loss and soil residue. Furthermore, the absorption rate of organic zinc and selenium by the human body is much higher than that of inorganic forms, avoiding the metabolic burden that may result from ingesting inorganic elements and improving the safety of functional agricultural products for consumption.
[0017] 3. In preparing earthworm feed fermentation material, this invention uses mushroom residue and cow manure as raw materials. Both are organic wastes generated in large quantities in agricultural production. Through composting and fermentation and earthworm breeding, the waste is not only transformed into high-value-added functional manure, reducing solid waste pollution, but also reducing the dependence of manure production on chemical raw materials. At the same time, it improves soil aggregate structure and increases soil organic matter content.
[0018] 4. The zinc- and selenium-enriched vermicompost of this invention, in addition to enriching zinc and selenium, retains the high-quality fertilizer effect of vermicompost itself. The humus in it promotes soil microbial activity, and the amino acids stimulate crop root growth, effectively improving soil compaction and acidification. Simultaneously, the secondary fermentation by EM bacteria further degrades harmful substances in the manure, preventing soil pollution. Long-term application can achieve a virtuous cycle, contributing to sustainable agricultural development. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein in the specification of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification and claims of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.
[0021] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of the phrase "embodiment" in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
[0022] Example 1, preparation of ordinary earthworm manure QF1 (1) Preparation of earthworm feed fermentation material: prepare the earthworm feed fermentation material, the raw material composition is as follows in mass ratio: 40-70% of fungus residue, 30-60% of cow dung, uniformly mix the fungus residue and cow dung, then stack and ferment, control the temperature at 38-55℃ during the period, ferment for 7-15 days to obtain the fermentation material for standby.
[0023] (2) Preparation of ordinary earthworm feed: adjust the pH to 6-7 with citric acid solution or lime water, then the ordinary earthworm feed is prepared.
[0024] (3) Preparation of ordinary manure: evenly lay the ordinary earthworm feed on the flat ground, the thickness is about 15 cm, evenly put the earthworm seedlings into the ordinary earthworm feed, then lay another layer of ordinary earthworm feed with a thickness of about 5 cm, carry out daily management of earthworm breeding, and regularly harvest the earthworm manure.
[0025] (4) Post-treatment of manure: crush the earthworm manure to obtain earthworm manure with uniform particle size, add 1% of EM bacterial agent for stacking and fermentation, then obtain the ordinary earthworm manure QF1.
[0026] Determination shows that the zinc and selenium contents of the ordinary earthworm manure QF1 are 35.7 mg / kg and 6.43 mg / kg respectively, and the proportion of organic zinc and organic selenium is 53.6% and 75.8% respectively.
[0027] Example 2, preparation of zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm manure QF2 (1) Preparation of earthworm feed fermentation material: prepare the earthworm feed fermentation material, the raw material composition is as follows in mass ratio: 40-70% of fungus residue, 30-60% of cow dung, uniformly mix the fungus residue and cow dung, then stack and ferment, control the temperature at 38-55℃ during the period, ferment for 7-15 days to obtain the fermentation material for standby.
[0028] (2) Preparation of zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed: uniformly spray 1% of 0.2 M sodium selenite solution and 1% of 2 M zinc sulfate solution into the earthworm fermentation material, adjust the pH to 6-7 with citric acid solution or lime water, then the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed is prepared.
[0029] (3) Preparation of zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm manure: evenly lay the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed on the flat ground, the thickness is about 15 cm, evenly put the earthworm seedlings into the zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed, then lay another layer of zinc and selenium element-rich earthworm feed with a thickness of about 5 cm, carry out daily management of earthworm breeding, and regularly harvest the earthworm manure.
[0030] (4) Feces post-processing: the earthworm feces are crushed to obtain earthworm feces with uniform particle size, and then 1% of EM bacteria are added for stacking and fermentation to obtain the zinc and selenium-rich earthworm manure QF2.
[0031] Determination shows that the zinc and selenium contents of the zinc and selenium-rich earthworm manure QF2 are 137.7 mg / kg and 16.6 mg / kg respectively, and the inorganic zinc and organic selenium proportions are 53.6% and 75.8% respectively.
[0032] Example 3, Preparation of Zinc and Selenium-rich Earthworm Manure QF3 (1) Preparation of earthworm feed fermentation material: the earthworm feed fermentation material is prepared, and the raw material composition is as follows in terms of mass ratio: 40-70% of bacterial residue and 30-60% of cow dung. The bacterial residue and cow dung are uniformly mixed and then stacked and fermented, during which the temperature is controlled at 38-55°C, and the fermentation material is obtained after 7-15 days of fermentation for standby use.
[0033] (2) Preparation of zinc and selenium-rich earthworm feed: 3% of 0.2 M sodium selenite solution and 3% of 2 M zinc sulfate solution are uniformly sprayed on the earthworm fermentation material. The pH is adjusted to 6-7 with citric acid solution or lime water to obtain the zinc and selenium-rich earthworm feed.
[0034] (3) Preparation of zinc and selenium-rich earthworm manure: the zinc and selenium-rich earthworm feed is evenly laid on the ground with a thickness of about 15 cm. The earthworm seedlings are uniformly put into the zinc and selenium-rich earthworm feed, and then another layer of zinc and selenium-rich earthworm feed with a thickness of about 5 cm is laid. Daily management is performed on the earthworm breeding, and the earthworm feces are periodically harvested.
[0035] (4) Feces post-processing: the earthworm feces are crushed to obtain earthworm feces with uniform particle size, and then 1% of EM bacteria are added for stacking and fermentation to obtain the zinc and selenium-rich earthworm manure QF3.
[0036] Determination shows that the zinc and selenium contents of the zinc and selenium-rich earthworm manure QF3 are 400.2 mg / kg and 50.3 mg / kg respectively, and the inorganic zinc and organic selenium proportions are 88.5% and 98.9% respectively.
[0037] Example 4, Preparation of Zinc and Selenium-rich Earthworm Manure QF4 (1) Preparation of earthworm feed fermentation material: the earthworm feed fermentation material is prepared, and the raw material composition is as follows in terms of mass ratio: 40-70% of bacterial residue and 30-60% of cow dung. The bacterial residue and cow dung are uniformly mixed and then stacked and fermented, during which the temperature is controlled at 38-55°C, and the fermentation material is obtained after 7-15 days of fermentation for standby use.
[0038] (2) Preparation of the earthworm feed rich in zinc and selenium elements: evenly spray 5% of 0.2 M sodium selenite solution and 5% of 2 M zinc sulfate solution into the earthworm fermentation material. Adjust the pH to 6-7 with citric acid solution or lime water to obtain the earthworm feed rich in zinc and selenium elements.
[0039] (3) Preparation of the earthworm manure rich in zinc and selenium elements: evenly lay the earthworm feed rich in zinc and selenium elements on the ground with a thickness of about 15 cm. After evenly putting the earthworm seedlings into the earthworm feed rich in zinc and selenium elements, lay another layer of the earthworm feed rich in zinc and selenium elements with a thickness of about 5 cm. Perform daily management on the earthworm breeding and harvest the earthworm manure regularly.
[0040] (4) Post-treatment of the manure: crush the earthworm manure to obtain earthworm manure with uniform particle size. After adding 1% of EM bacterial agent for stacking and fermentation, obtain the earthworm manure QF4 rich in zinc and selenium elements.
[0041] It is determined that the zinc and selenium contents of the earthworm manure QF4 rich in zinc and selenium elements are 642.1 mg / kg and 76.9 mg / kg respectively, and the proportions of machine zinc and organic selenium are 86.2% and 97.6% respectively.
[0042] In conclusion, the earthworm manure rich in zinc and selenium elements can be applied to field crops, vegetables, fruits and tea crops. Rice, tomatoes, strawberries and tea are selected for testing, and base application is performed before the growth season of each crop. The application amount per mu is 100 kg, and the application of earthworm manure is used as a control.
[0043] At the harvest period of each crop, the total zinc in the edible part and the total selenium in the edible part are determined. The total zinc in the edible part is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (GB 5009.14-2017), and the total selenium in the edible part is determined by hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry (GB 5009.93-2017). The analysis results are shown in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4.
[0044] Table 1 Analysis results of rice grains
[0045] The analysis results of total zinc and total selenium in rice show that the total zinc content of rice grains of the four earthworm manures QF1, QF2, QF3 and QF4 is increased by 0.14, 1.37, 6.18 and 9.12 times respectively compared with the control, and the total selenium content of rice grains is increased by 0.47, 12.20, 36.26 and 57.40 times respectively compared with the control.
[0046] Table 2 Analysis results of tomatoes
[0047] The analysis results of total zinc and total selenium of the tomatoes show that the total zinc content of the tomatoes treated by the four earthworm manure fertilizers QF1, QF2, QF3 and QF4 is respectively 1.08, 4.52, 9.60 and 22.30 times higher than that of the control, and the total selenium content of the tomatoes treated by the four earthworm manure fertilizers QF1, QF2, QF3 and QF4 is respectively 0, 2.50, 10.00 and 14.33 times higher than that of the control.
[0048] Table 3 Analysis results of strawberries
[0049] The analysis results of total zinc and total selenium of the strawberries show that the total zinc content of the strawberries treated by the four earthworm manure fertilizers QF1, QF2, QF3 and QF4 is respectively 0.67, 2.48, 12.22 and 18.27 times higher than that of the control, and the total selenium content of the strawberries treated by the four earthworm manure fertilizers QF1, QF2, QF3 and QF4 is respectively 1.25, 7.25, 19.00 and 30.00 times higher than that of the control.
[0050] Table 4 Analysis results of tea leaves
[0051] The analysis results of total zinc and total selenium of the tea leaves show that the total zinc content of the tea leaves treated by the four earthworm manure fertilizers QF1, QF2, QF3 and QF4 is respectively 0.51, 2.74, 8.54 and 17.16 times higher than that of the control, and the total selenium content of the tea leaves treated by the four earthworm manure fertilizers QF1, QF2, QF3 and QF4 is respectively 0.24, 1.15, 5.06 and 7.64 times higher than that of the control.
[0052] The above-mentioned embodiments of the present application do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a zinc- and selenium-enriched vermicompost fertilizer, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of earthworm feed fermentation material: Mix 40-70% of bacterial residue and 30-60% of cow manure evenly by mass ratio and then compost for fermentation. S2. Preparation of zinc and selenium-enriched earthworm feed: Spray 0.2M sodium selenite solution and 2M zinc sulfate solution evenly onto the composted fermentation product obtained in step S1, and then adjust the pH value of the system with citric acid solution or lime water. S3. Preparation of zinc- and selenium-enriched earthworm castings: Spread the zinc- and selenium-enriched earthworm feed obtained in step S2 on a flat ground, put earthworm seedlings into it, and then spread a layer of the zinc- and selenium-enriched earthworm feed on top of the earthworm seedlings. Carry out daily breeding management of earthworms and harvest earthworm castings regularly. S4. Post-processing of manure: Crush the harvested vermicompost to uniform particle size, add EM bacteria to the crushed product and compost and ferment to obtain the zinc- and selenium-enriched vermicompost.
2. The method for preparing a zinc- and selenium-enriched vermicompost fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 38-55℃, and the fermentation time is 7-15 days.
3. The method for preparing a zinc- and selenium-enriched vermicompost fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the amount of 0.2M sodium selenite solution sprayed is 1-5% of the mass of the composted fermentation product obtained in step S1.
4. The method for preparing a zinc- and selenium-enriched vermicompost fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the amount of 2M zinc sulfate solution sprayed is 1-5% of the mass of the composted fermentation product obtained in step S1.
5. The method for preparing a zinc- and selenium-enriched vermicompost fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH value of the system after adjustment in step S2 is between 6 and 7.
6. The method for preparing a zinc- and selenium-enriched vermicompost fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the thickness of the zinc- and selenium-rich earthworm feed laid for the first time is 15 cm.
7. The method for preparing a zinc- and selenium-enriched vermicompost fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the thickness of the zinc- and selenium-rich earthworm feed laid after releasing the earthworm seedlings is 5 cm.
8. The method for preparing a zinc- and selenium-enriched vermicompost fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the amount of EM agent added is 1% of the mass of the crushed earthworm castings.
9. An application of earthworm castings prepared using the method for preparing zinc- and selenium-enriched earthworm castings according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The application method is as follows: Before the start of the growing season for agricultural products, apply the zinc- and selenium-enriched earthworm castings as base fertilizer, with an application rate of 100 kg per acre of agricultural products.