Method for batch preparation of disc-shaped microelectrodes through electric field focusing
The batch fabrication of disk-shaped microelectrodes by electric field focusing solves the problems of cumbersome fabrication process and large batch-to-batch variation in existing methods, and realizes efficient and flexible multi-dimensional microelectrode fabrication, which is suitable for high-throughput single-cell detection and real-time in vivo monitoring.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511680111.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for fabricating disk-shaped microelectrodes suffer from problems such as limited surface functionalization strategies, cumbersome fabrication processes, and the need to fabricate only one electrode at a time with significant batch-to-batch variations, making it difficult to meet the demands for high throughput and high performance.
By employing the electric field focusing method, an electric field is established between the positive and negative electrodes through parallel design, enabling the directional aggregation of composite functional materials to prepare disk-shaped microelectrodes. This simplifies the process and enables the simultaneous and batch preparation of multiple microelectrodes. Furthermore, different water-soluble nanoparticles are used to endow the electrodes with diverse surface functions.
It enables simple and batch preparation of microelectrodes, reduces batch-to-batch variability, improves preparation efficiency and consistency, and has diverse surface properties, making it suitable for high-throughput single-cell detection and real-time in vivo monitoring.
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Figure CN121472937A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microelectrode fabrication technology, and particularly relates to a method for batch fabrication of disk-shaped microelectrodes by electric field focusing. Background Technology
[0002] Microelectrode technology is a technique used to measure electrical signals at the microscale or to apply electrical stimulation at the microscale. Its core lies in the use of tiny electrodes, typically with diameters ranging from nanometers to micrometers, enabling precise measurement and control of minute electrical signals in biological, chemical, or physical systems. Compared to traditional macroscopic electrodes, microelectrodes have a larger specific surface area, allowing for more sensitive detection of minute differences in electrical signals and exhibiting lower detection limits.
[0003] With the continuous development of life sciences, microelectrode technology has shown great promise in single-cell analysis and in vivo analysis. The creation of microelectrodes is a prerequisite for the development of microelectrode technology. To date, microelectrode fabrication methods can be divided into two main categories. The first category utilizes various physical / chemical etching techniques, such as flame or electrochemical etching to process metal wires or carbon fibers, laser-assisted wire drawing strategies, and electrochemical deposition of noble metal nanoparticles onto nanowalls. The second category directly utilizes small-sized natural materials, such as carbon nanotubes, noble metal nanowires, and silicon carbide, to fabricate microelectrodes. Although significant progress has been made in the fabrication and functionalization of microelectrodes, existing methods still suffer from problems such as columnar electrode morphology, large electrode response area, and relatively high noise. In comparison, disk-shaped electrodes effectively avoid these problems. However, the current fabrication of disk-shaped electrodes has the following drawbacks:
[0004] 1. Existing surface functionalization strategies for disk-shaped microelectrodes are limited, mainly involving the electrochemical deposition of noble metal nanoparticles. Some nanomaterials that cannot be obtained through electrochemical deposition (such as magnetic nanoparticles) cannot be organically combined with microelectrodes, thus failing to endow the electrodes with diverse surface properties.
[0005] 2. The manufacturing of existing disc-shaped microelectrodes often requires processes such as pulling, sealing, insulation, cutting, and polishing, which are time-consuming and require high levels of expertise.
[0006] 3. Existing methods for fabricating disk-shaped microelectrodes can only produce one electrode at a time, resulting in large batch-to-batch variations.
[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to fabricate disc-shaped microelectrodes that is simple to operate, can be mass-produced, has controllable morphology, and allows for flexible surface functionalization. This method should overcome the limitations of traditional electrochemical deposition on material types, be compatible with various water-soluble functional nanomaterials, and achieve diversified control of electrode surface properties. Simultaneously, a standardized process should avoid cumbersome post-processing steps, significantly improving fabrication efficiency and consistency. More importantly, it should possess parallel or array capabilities to achieve simultaneous and uniform fabrication of multiple disc-shaped microelectrodes, thereby effectively reducing batch-to-batch variations and meeting the urgent demand for high-performance microelectrodes in cutting-edge applications such as high-throughput single-cell detection and real-time in vivo monitoring. Summary of the Invention
[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a method for batch fabrication of disk-shaped microelectrodes using electric field focusing.
[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0010] A method for batch fabrication of disk-shaped microelectrodes by electric field focusing includes the following steps:
[0011] By employing the electric field focusing method and through parallel design, an electric field is established between the positive and negative electrodes, causing the composite functional materials to aggregate in a directional manner. After drying, a disc-shaped microelectrode is prepared.
[0012] This invention proposes a batch microelectrode fabrication method based on electric field focusing, which significantly simplifies the traditional process. This method constructs an electric field-driven system to achieve microelectrode shaping and surface functionalization in one step, eliminating the need for complex post-processing steps such as pulling, sealing, and polishing. Simultaneously, it utilizes electric field force to precisely enrich PEDOT, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and various water-soluble nanoparticles on the tip of glass microtubes, overcoming the limitation of traditional electrochemical deposition being confined to a few noble metals, and endowing the microelectrodes with diverse surface functions and sensing properties. Furthermore, by employing a parallel electric field focusing array design, multiple disk-shaped microelectrodes with uniform performance can be fabricated simultaneously, effectively reducing batch variations and providing an efficient and flexible new path for the large-scale fabrication of high-throughput, high-performance microelectrodes.
[0013] Optionally, the positive electrode is a copper plate; the negative electrode surface is uniformly distributed with several glass microtube tips, and a discharge needle is inserted into each glass microtube tip.
[0014] This invention enables multiple glass microtubes to be focused on an electric field simultaneously through a parallel circuit design. By utilizing the principle of "same voltage," the consistency of the preparation process of each electrode is ensured, thereby achieving synchronous and batch preparation of disk-shaped microelectrodes.
[0015] Furthermore, the glass microtubes are arranged vertically in an inverted cone shape, with their tips facing the copper plate.
[0016] Furthermore, the diameter of the tip of the glass microtube is 1-10 μm.
[0017] Furthermore, the distance between the tip of the glass microtube and the copper plate is 1-2 cm.
[0018] Furthermore, the composite functional material is placed inside a glass microtube and includes poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and nanoparticles.
[0019] Furthermore, the nanoparticles are selected from at least one of gold nanoparticles, magnetic iron nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, water-soluble quantum dots, and fluorescent nanospheres.
[0020] Optionally, the electric field is established by a high-voltage source, specifically by boosting the voltage to 1.4 kV at a rate of 300 V / min and then maintaining this voltage for 30 min.
[0021] This invention combines electric field driving with glass microtube templates, enabling precise positioning and integration of functional materials at the micrometer scale, and significantly improving the fabrication efficiency and repeatability of microelectrodes.
[0022] Optionally, the drying conditions are: drying at 80°C for 2 hours.
[0023] A disk-shaped microelectrode is prepared by the above-described method.
[0024] The above-mentioned disc-shaped microelectrodes are used in the preparation of high-throughput single-cell detection devices and real-time in vivo monitoring devices.
[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
[0026] 1. This invention proposes the method of using electric field focusing to fabricate disk-shaped microelectrodes, which simplifies the electrode fabrication process;
[0027] 2. This invention achieves mass production of disk-shaped microelectrodes by designing an electric field focusing array based on the principle that parallel circuits have the same voltage, thereby reducing the differences between electrodes;
[0028] 3. By replacing different water-soluble nanoparticles (such as magnetic nanoparticles and fluorescent nanoparticles), this invention achieves diversified control of electrode surface properties, avoiding the limitation of traditional electrochemical deposition which can only modify a few noble metal nanoparticles (such as Au and Pt nanoparticles). Attached Figure Description
[0029] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:
[0030] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram for the batch preparation of disk-shaped microelectrodes by electric field focusing according to the present invention; in the figure, Au NPs are gold nanoparticles; PSS is polystyrene sulfonic acid; PEDOT is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); SWNTs are single-walled carbon nanotubes.
[0031] Figure 2 a) is a scanning electron microscope image of a microelectrode functionalized with Au nanoparticles; b) is an EDX distribution map of Au elements on the surface of the microelectrode functionalized with Au nanoparticles; c) is a high-magnification scanning electron microscope image of the microelectrode functionalized with Au nanoparticles.
[0032] Figure 3 Characterization results of microelectrodes functionalized on Au nanoparticle surfaces; where a) is the cyclic voltammetry curve of 1.8 mM nitric oxide and PBS solution on the microelectrodes functionalized on Au nanoparticle surfaces; b) is the repeated cyclic voltammetry curve (40 cycles) of 10 mM potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) / 1 M potassium chloride solution on the microelectrodes functionalized on Au nanoparticle surfaces; c) is the amperometric response of NO on the microelectrodes functionalized on Au nanoparticle surfaces; d) is the corresponding standard curve.
[0033] Figure 4 a) is a microscopic image of endothelial cells connected by membrane nanotubes, and b) is an amperometric measurement of nitric oxide release from a single endothelial cell.
[0034] Figure 5 a) is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the magnetic iron nanoparticles; b) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the functionalized microelectrodes on the surface of the magnetic iron nanoparticles; c) is an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) distribution of iron (Fe).
[0035] Figure 6 a) is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of CdSe / CdZnSe quantum dots; b) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of CdSe / CdZnSe quantum dot surface-functionalized microelectrodes; c) is an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) distribution of cadmium (Fe).
[0036] Figure 7 a) is a transmission electron microscope image of carboxyl-functionalized quantum dot fluorescent microspheres; b) is a scanning electron microscope image of the microelectrode functionalized on the surface of the carboxyl-functionalized quantum dot fluorescent microspheres; c) is an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) distribution of oxygen (O). Detailed Implementation
[0037] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.
[0038] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.
[0039] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.
[0040] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.
[0041] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.
[0042] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this invention discloses a method for batch fabrication of disk-shaped microelectrodes using electric field focusing. The electric field focusing device used consists of a high-voltage source, a copper plate, and a discharge needle. The method specifically includes the following steps:
[0043] 1. First, a glass tube is prepared using a glass drawing instrument. The size of the glass tube tip (1-10 μm) can be controlled by the glass drawing instrument.
[0044] 2. Using glass microtubes as templates and shells, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and nanoparticles (such as gold nanoparticles, magnetic iron nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, etc.) are mixed. Specifically, under negative pressure, approximately 30 μL of the aforementioned commercially available PEDOT:PSS solution (3 mL), SWNTs (0.03 g, 600 mL), and nanoparticles (0.05-0.2 mL) mixture is drawn into the glass tube.
[0045] 3. Insert a discharge needle into a glass tube, connect the copper plate to the positive terminal of the high-voltage source, and connect the discharge needle to the negative terminal of the high-voltage source.
[0046] 4. Bring the tip of the glass tube close to the copper plate (about 1-2 cm), turn on the high voltage source, and gradually increase the voltage from 0-1.4 kV at a rate of 300 V / min. After 30 minutes, the charged nanoparticles, PEDOT, and single-walled carbon nanotubes will be gathered at the tip of the glass tube. Then, turn off the high voltage source.
[0047] 5. Place the glass tube in an oven at 80°C and bake for 2 hours. The microelectrode is then ready.
[0048] All raw materials used in this invention were purchased commercially. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS solution) was purchased from Heraeus AG, Germany, model (Clevios PH1000); single-walled carbon nanotubes were purchased from Jiangsu Xianfeng Nanomaterials Technology Co., Ltd., with a diameter of 1-2 nm and a length of 5-30 μm; citric acid-functionalized gold nanoparticle solution was purchased from Wuhan Zhunling Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., with a diameter of 22 nm; magnetic iron nanoparticle solution was purchased from Wuhan Zhunling Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., with a diameter of 18 nm; water-soluble amino-functionalized CdSe / CdZnSe quantum dot solution was purchased from Wuhan Jiayuan Quantum Dot Technology Development Co., Ltd., with a diameter of 8 nm; and carboxyl-functionalized quantum dot fluorescent microsphere solution was purchased from Wuhan Jiayuan Quantum Dot Technology Development Co., Ltd., with a diameter of 120 nm.
[0049] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments.
[0050] Example 1
[0051] A method for batch fabrication of disk-shaped microelectrodes by electric field focusing includes the following steps:
[0052] 1. First, a glass tube is prepared using a glass drawing instrument, and the size of the glass tube tip (4μm) can be controlled by the glass drawing instrument.
[0053] 2. Using glass microtubes as templates and shells, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and gold nanoparticles were mixed. Specifically, under negative pressure, approximately 30 μL of the aforementioned commercially available PEDOT:PSS solution (3 mL), SWNTs (0.03 g of SWNTs uniformly dispersed in 600 mL of deionized water; the same applies to the following examples), and a solution of citric acid-functionalized gold nanoparticles (0.1 mL, with an absorbance of 0.8 at 520 nm) were drawn into the glass tube.
[0054] 3. Insert a discharge needle into the glass tube, connect the copper plate to the positive terminal of the high voltage source, and connect the discharge needle to the negative terminal of the high voltage source.
[0055] 4. Bring the tip of the glass tube close to the copper plate (about 1 cm), turn on the high voltage source, and gradually increase the voltage from 0 to 1.4 kV at a rate of 300 V / min. After 30 minutes, the charged gold nanoparticles, PEDOT, and single-walled carbon nanotubes will be gathered at the tip of the glass tube. Then, turn off the high voltage source.
[0056] 5. Place the glass tube in an oven at 80°C and bake for 2 hours. The microelectrode is then ready.
[0057] Figure 2 a) is a scanning electron microscope image of the microelectrode with Au nanoparticle surface functionalization; b) is the corresponding EDX distribution map of Au element on the surface of the microelectrode with Au nanoparticle surface functionalization; c) is a high-magnification scanning electron microscope image of the microelectrode with Au nanoparticle surface functionalization. As can be seen from the figures, the microelectrode with gold nanoparticle surface functionalization was successfully prepared.
[0058] Figure 3 The figures show the characterization results of the microelectrode functionalized with Au nanoparticles. a) shows the cyclic voltammetry curves of 1.8 mM nitric oxide and PBS solution on the microelectrode functionalized with Au nanoparticles; b) shows the repeated cyclic voltammetry curves (40 cycles) of 10 mM potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) / 1 M potassium chloride solution on the microelectrode functionalized with Au nanoparticles; c) shows the amperometric response of NO on the microelectrode functionalized with Au nanoparticles; and d) shows the corresponding calibration curve. As can be seen from the figures, the microelectrode functionalized with Au nanoparticles exhibits a good electrochemical response to nitric oxide.
[0059] Figure 4 Figure (a) shows a microscopic image of endothelial cells connected by membrane nanotubes, and Figure (b) shows an amperometric measurement of nitric oxide release from a single endothelial cell. Figure (a) shows a mechanical stimulation rod suspended above cell 1, and a microelectrode prepared in Example 1 suspended above cell 2. Figure (b) shows that after mechanical stimulation of endothelial cell 1, nitric oxide release was detected above endothelial cell 2, with a relative intensity of 0.2 nA. This indicates that the microelectrode prepared in Example 1 can be used to detect nitric oxide release at the single endothelial cell level.
[0060] Example 2
[0061] A method for batch fabrication of disk-shaped microelectrodes by electric field focusing includes the following steps:
[0062] 1. First, a glass tube is prepared using a glass drawing instrument, and the size of the glass tube tip (4μm) can be controlled by the glass drawing instrument.
[0063] 2. Using glass microtubes as templates and shells, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and magnetic iron nanoparticles were mixed. Under negative pressure, approximately 30 μL of the aforementioned commercially available PEDOT:PSS solution (3 mL), SWNTs (0.03 g, 600 mL), and magnetic iron nanoparticle solution (0.2 mL, with a concentration of 1 mg / L) was drawn into the glass tube.
[0064] 3. Insert a discharge needle into the glass tube, connect the copper plate to the positive terminal of the high voltage source, and connect the discharge needle to the negative terminal of the high voltage source.
[0065] 4. Bring the tip of the glass tube close to the copper plate (about 1 cm), turn on the high voltage source, and gradually increase the voltage from 0 to 1.4 kV at a rate of 300 V / min. After 30 minutes, the charged magnetic iron nanoparticles, PEDOT, and single-walled carbon nanotubes will be gathered at the tip of the glass tube. Then, turn off the high voltage source.
[0066] 5. Place the glass tube in an oven at 80°C and bake for 2 hours. The microelectrode is then ready.
[0067] Figure 5 a) is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the magnetic iron nanoparticles; b) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the microelectrode functionalized on the surface of the magnetic iron nanoparticles; c) is an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) distribution of iron (Fe). As can be seen from the figures, the microelectrode functionalized on the surface of the magnetic iron nanoparticles was successfully prepared.
[0068] Example 3
[0069] A method for batch fabrication of disk-shaped microelectrodes by electric field focusing includes the following steps:
[0070] 1. First, a glass tube is prepared using a glass drawing instrument, and the size of the glass tube tip (4μm) can be controlled by the glass drawing instrument.
[0071] 2. Using glass microtubes as templates and shells, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and a water-soluble amino-functionalized CdSe / CdZnSe quantum dot solution were mixed. Under negative pressure, approximately 30 μL of the aforementioned commercially available PEDOT:PSS solution (3 mL), SWNTs (0.03 g, 600 mL), and water-soluble amino-functionalized CdSe / CdZnSe quantum dot solution (0.05 mL, concentration 2 μmol / L) mixture was drawn into the glass tube.
[0072] 3. Insert a discharge needle into the glass tube, connect the copper plate to the positive terminal of the high voltage source, and connect the discharge needle to the negative terminal of the high voltage source.
[0073] 4. Bring the tip of the glass tube close to the copper plate (about 1 cm), turn on the high voltage source, and gradually increase the voltage from 0 to 1.4 kV at a rate of 300 V / min. After 30 minutes, charged water-soluble quantum dots, PEDOT, and single-walled carbon nanotubes will be gathered at the tip of the glass tube. Then, turn off the high voltage source.
[0074] 5. Place the glass tube in an oven at 80°C and bake for 2 hours. The microelectrode is then ready.
[0075] Figure 6 a) is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of CdSe / CdZnSe quantum dots; b) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a CdSe / CdZnSe quantum dot surface-functionalized microelectrode; c) is an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) distribution of cadmium (Fe). As can be seen from the figures, the CdSe / CdZnSe quantum dot surface-functionalized microelectrode was successfully fabricated.
[0076] Example 4
[0077] A method for batch fabrication of disk-shaped microelectrodes by electric field focusing includes the following steps:
[0078] 1. First, a glass tube is prepared using a glass drawing instrument, and the size of the glass tube tip (4μm) can be controlled by the glass drawing instrument.
[0079] 2. Using glass microtubes as templates and shells, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and fluorescent nanospheres were mixed. Under negative pressure, approximately 30 μL of the aforementioned commercially available PEDOT:PSS solution (3 mL), SWNTs (0.03 g, 600 mL), and carboxyl-functionalized quantum dot fluorescent microsphere solution (0.05 mL, concentration 1 mg / L) was aspirated into the glass tube.
[0080] 3. Insert a discharge needle into the glass tube, connect the copper plate to the positive terminal of the high voltage source, and connect the discharge needle to the negative terminal of the high voltage source.
[0081] 4. Bring the tip of the glass tube close to the copper plate (about 1 cm), turn on the high voltage source, and gradually increase the voltage from 0 to 1.4 kV at a rate of 300 V / min. After 30 minutes, the charged fluorescent nanospheres, PEDOT, and single-walled carbon nanotubes will be gathered at the tip of the glass tube. Then, turn off the high voltage source.
[0082] 5. Place the glass tube in an oven at 80°C and bake for 2 hours. The microelectrode is then ready.
[0083] Figure 7a) is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of carboxyl-functionalized quantum dot fluorescent microspheres; b) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the microelectrode functionalized on the surface of the carboxyl-functionalized quantum dot fluorescent microspheres; c) is an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) distribution of oxygen (O). As can be seen from the figures, the microelectrode functionalized on the surface of the carboxyl-functionalized quantum dot fluorescent microspheres was successfully prepared.
[0084] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for batch fabrication of disc-shaped microelectrodes by electric field focusing, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: The disc-shaped microelectrode is prepared by the following steps: establishing an electric field between the anode and the cathode by parallel design through electric field focusing method, so that the composite functional material is directionally aggregated, and then dried.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The anode is a copper plate. The surface of the cathode is uniformly distributed with a plurality of glass microtube tips, and each glass microtube tip is inserted with a discharge needle.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises, The glass microtubes are arranged in an inverted conical shape and are perpendicular to the copper plate with the tips thereof facing the copper plate.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises, The diameter of the glass microtube tip is 1-10 μm.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises: The composite functional material is placed in the glass microtube, and the raw materials include poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, single-walled carbon nanotube and nanoparticles.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises: The nanoparticles are selected from at least one of nano-gold particles, magnetic nano-iron particles, nano-platinum particles, water-soluble quantum dots and fluorescent nano-microspheres.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The electric field is established by a high-voltage source, and the specific condition is that the voltage is raised to 1.4 kV at a voltage raising rate of 300 V / min, and then maintained at this voltage for 30 min.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The drying condition is that the drying is performed at 80℃ for 2 h.
9. A disc microelectrode, characterized by The disc-shaped microelectrode is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-8.
10. The disc-shaped microelectrode of claim 9 is applied to the preparation of a high-throughput single-cell detection device and a real-time monitoring device in vivo.