Carbon dioxide Carnot cell design method, system and equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon dioxide Carnot cell design method, system and device and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: determining a plurality of to-be-selected carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations, and building a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations; changing the system operation parameters to perform thermodynamic simulation to obtain the system electrical efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell under different system operation parameters; the temperature of the high-temperature heat storage tank of the system is used as a horizontal coordinate, the pressure ratio of the system is used as a vertical coordinate, a system electricity-electricity efficiency result obtained through thermodynamic simulation is drawn into a map, a coordinate plane is divided into different temperature range intervals according to the temperature of the high-temperature heat storage tank, and recommended carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations are marked in the different temperature range intervals. Obtaining a carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection map; recommended efficient system configuration categories, system efficiencies, and system pressure ratios are read from a carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection map.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of Carnot batteries, and relates to a carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method, system, device and storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Compared with existing long-time energy storage technologies, the Carnot battery has advantages such as low technical cost, no geographical condition limitation, high waste heat utilization rate and the like, and is suitable for new energy power consumption, distributed energy system operation and maintenance, data center waste heat utilization and the like. At the same time, since carbon dioxide has characteristics such as non-toxicity, non-flammability, easy acquisition and excellent physical properties (such as a critical temperature close to the ambient temperature to easily reach a supercritical state, a high specific heat capacity near the critical point to have a strong heat carrying capacity), it has gradually become a Carnot battery cycle working medium with great application prospects.

[0003] Although the carbon dioxide Carnot battery has broad prospects, it still faces a series of problems in the actual application process, especially in the selection and design stage of the system configuration. Firstly, the carbon dioxide Carnot battery can adopt various system configurations, such as transcritical cycle, supercritical cycle and various derivative configurations thereof, so as to cover a wide heat storage temperature interval. However, in the prior art, for a specific heat storage temperature requirement, there is a lack of an efficient method capable of quickly screening high-performance configurations.

[0004] Secondly, the prior art lacks a universal configuration screening guide method, resulting in tedious and inefficient screening work. For different heat storage temperature requirements in a wide range, a complete design and calculation process of “modeling one by one, simulating one by one” needs to be repeated for various candidate configurations, resulting in a large amount of work, a long time-consuming and a high requirement for the professional background of the designer.

[0005] Furthermore, the construction of an efficient configuration selection tool still faces the challenge of key parameter selection. Although the theoretical calculation and visualization of the results as a configuration selection atlas is an ideal way to solve the above problems, the high dimension of the coordinate combination due to the large number of system parameters makes it difficult to effectively screen. How to select key parameters that can effectively reveal the performance change trend of the configuration and are convenient for engineering application as atlas coordinates is a technical bottleneck in the construction process of the configuration selection atlas. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method, system, device and storage medium, which can quickly determine the applicable system configuration and the corresponding pressure ratio and system efficiency from the atlas, and significantly reduce the design threshold and time cost of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present application: A method for designing a carbon dioxide Carnot battery, comprising the following processes: determining a plurality of carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations to be selected, and establishing a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations; determining device performance parameters, system design parameters and system operation parameters required for establishing the steady-state thermodynamic model; varying the system operation parameters to perform thermodynamic simulation, and obtaining system electric-to-electric efficiencies of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operation parameters; taking the temperature of a high-temperature thermal storage tank of the system as the abscissa, taking the system pressure ratio as the ordinate, plotting the system electric-to-electric efficiency results obtained by the thermodynamic simulation into a graph, dividing the coordinate plane into different temperature domain intervals according to the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank, marking recommended carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations in different temperature domain intervals, and obtaining a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph; locating the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph, and reading the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency and system pressure ratio from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph according to the locating result.

[0008] Optionally, the process of establishing the steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations comprises: establishing the steady-state thermodynamic model by using a modular method, including a turbomachinery module, a heat exchange module and a thermal storage and thermal release module; in the turbomachinery module, the outlet working condition of each turbomachinery is determined by using the inlet working condition, isentropic efficiency and pressure ratio of each turbomachinery; in the heat exchange module, a one-dimensional model is used to discretize each heat exchange device along the flow direction by equal heat, the minimum temperature difference at each grid node of each heat exchange device is controlled to be a set pinch temperature difference based on an energy conservation equation, and the heat exchange power and the outlet working condition of the thermal storage and thermal release working medium side are output by using the inlet working condition and the mass flow rate of the heat exchange working medium; in the thermal storage and thermal release module, the temperature of each tank is determined by the inlet and outlet working conditions of the thermal storage and thermal release working medium in the heat exchange module.

[0009] Optionally, the device performance parameters include compressor isentropic efficiency, expander isentropic efficiency, working medium pump isentropic efficiency, device mechanical efficiency, device motor efficiency and heat exchanger pinch temperature difference; the system design parameters include environmental temperature, environmental pressure, energy storage time, energy release time, carbon dioxide mass flow rate of the heat pump subsystem and carbon dioxide mass flow rate of the heat engine subsystem; and the system operation parameters include the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank, the temperature of the low-temperature thermal storage tank, the minimum system pressure and the system pressure ratio.

[0010] Optionally, the process of obtaining the system electric-to-electric efficiencies of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operation parameters comprises: The net consumed work power of the heat pump subsystem in the energy storage process is obtained through thermodynamic simulation calculation; The net work power of the heat engine subsystem in the energy release process is obtained through thermodynamic simulation calculation; The system electric-to-electric efficiency is calculated based on the ratio of the net work power to the net consumed work power.

[0011] Optionally, the process of drawing the system electric-to-electric efficiency results obtained through thermodynamic simulation into a graph is as follows: The isoefficiency lines are drawn in the coordinate plane to show the system electric-to-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell under different high-temperature heat storage tank temperature and system pressure ratio combinations; The temperature range interval is defined as at least three: the low-temperature domain, the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature is not greater than 200℃; the medium-temperature domain, the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature is between 200-400℃; and the high-temperature domain, the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature is not less than 400℃.

[0012] Optionally, after positioning the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature requirement on the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph, the recommended heat storage material operating temperature range is read from the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph according to the positioning result.

[0013] Optionally, the plurality of carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations to be selected include a transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot cell system configuration based on a Rankine cycle and a supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot cell system configuration based on a Brayton cycle.

[0014] A carbon dioxide Carnot cell design system comprises: A model construction module is configured to determine a plurality of carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations to be selected, and establish a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations; A parameter determination module is configured to determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters and system operating parameters required for establishing the steady-state thermodynamic model; An electric-to-electric efficiency acquisition module is configured to perform thermodynamic simulation by changing the system operating parameters to obtain the system electric-to-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell under different system operating parameters; A graph preparation module is configured to draw the system electric-to-electric efficiency results obtained through thermodynamic simulation into a graph with the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature as the horizontal coordinate and the system pressure ratio as the vertical coordinate, divide the coordinate plane into different temperature range intervals according to the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature, mark the recommended carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations in different temperature range intervals, and obtain a carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph; A graph reading module is configured to position the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature requirement on the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph, and read the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency and system pressure ratio from the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph according to the positioning result.

[0015] A computer device comprises a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell design method when executing the computer program.

[0016] A computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program implements the steps of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell design method when executed by a processor.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: Through theoretical calculation and thermodynamic analysis, the present application identifies the most critical parameters (system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature and system pressure ratio) affecting the performance of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell, and builds a visual configuration selection atlas based on the parameters. The atlas directly displays the corresponding electrical-to-electrical efficiency and optimal pressure ratio interval of different system configurations in a wide range of high-temperature heat storage temperatures. This method changes the complex configuration screening and design process, which originally requires modeling and simulation, into a simple atlas checking process. Design personnel only need to locate the recommended efficient system configuration, the corresponding optimal pressure ratio, and the expected system electrical-to-electrical efficiency on the atlas according to the specific heat storage temperature requirement. Therefore, the present application fundamentally simplifies the design process, significantly reduces the requirement for the professional background of the design personnel, greatly shortens the design cycle and cost, and improves the efficiency and accuracy of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell system design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A configuration selection atlas construction flowchart of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot cell system based on the Rankine cycle of embodiment 1 of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot cell system based on the Brayton cycle of embodiment 1 of the present application; Figure 4 A configuration selection atlas schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell of embodiment 1 of the present application; Figure 5 A configuration selection atlas usage schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell at a typical high-temperature heat storage tank temperature of embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0019] The components are as follows: 000, External Environment; 100, Heat Pump Subsystem; 200, Energy Storage Subsystem; 300, Heat Engine Subsystem; 101, Heat Pump Subsystem Generator; 102, Heat Pump Subsystem Electric Motor; 111, Heat Pump Subsystem Compressor; 112, Heat Pump Subsystem Expander; 113, Heat Pump Subsystem Throttling Valve; 121, Heat Pump Subsystem Cooler; 122, Heat Pump Subsystem Regenerator; 123, Heat Pump Subsystem Heater; 124, Heat Pump Subsystem Evaporator. ; 201, High-temperature thermal storage tank; 202, Low-temperature thermal storage tank; 203, High-temperature cold storage tank; 204, Low-temperature cold storage tank; 301, Generator of thermal engine subsystem; 302, Electric motor of thermal engine subsystem; 311, Compressor of thermal engine subsystem; 312, Expander of thermal engine subsystem; 313, Working fluid pump of thermal engine subsystem; 321, Cooler of thermal engine subsystem; 322, Regenerator of thermal engine subsystem; 323, Heater of thermal engine subsystem; 324, Condenser of thermal engine subsystem. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0022] like Figure 1 The image shows a carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method based on thermodynamic parameter spectra, as described in this invention. The core of this method lies in identifying the most crucial parameter (i.e., the temperature of the system's high-temperature heat storage tank) from numerous system parameters through theoretical calculation and analysis. T H,H Compared to system pressure β), and a configuration selection atlas that can intuitively and accurately reflect the electro-thermal efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery system is constructed with these key parameters as coordinates, thereby simplifying the complex design process into a tool that can be quickly queried. η R The configuration selection atlas is obtained through the following steps.

[0023] The atlas is obtained through the following steps. Step 1: Determine a plurality of carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations to be selected, and establish a steady-state thermodynamic model thereof.

[0024] The carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations all refer to system configurations composed of three subsystems of "heat pump-thermal energy storage-heat engine", and specific examples thereof include but are not limited to transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery systems based on the Rankine cycle and supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery systems based on the Brayton cycle.

[0025] The steady-state thermodynamic model is established by a modular method, and specifically includes a turbomachinery module, a heat exchange module and a thermal storage and cold storage module, each module complying with the law of conservation of mass and energy. Correspondingly, the heat pump and heat engine subsystems contain the turbomachinery module and the heat exchange module, and the thermal energy storage subsystem contains the heat exchange module and the thermal storage and cold storage module.

[0026] The turbomachinery module contains a pump, a compressor and an expander, and each turbomachinery utilizes its inlet working condition, isentropic efficiency and pressure ratio to determine its outlet working condition.

[0027] The heat exchange module contains a heater, a cooler, a regenerator, an evaporator and a condenser, each heat exchange device adopts a one-dimensional model to discretize the heat along the flow direction, controls the minimum temperature difference at each grid node of the heat exchange device to be a set "pinch temperature difference" based on the energy conservation equation, and outputs the heat exchange power and the outlet working condition of the thermal storage and cold storage working fluid that meet the conditions using the inlet working condition and the mass flow rate of the heat exchange working fluid.

[0028] The thermal storage and cold storage module contains a high-temperature thermal storage tank, a low-temperature thermal storage tank, a high-temperature cold storage tank and a low-temperature cold storage tank, and the temperature of each tank is determined by the inlet and outlet working conditions of the thermal storage and cold storage working fluid in the heat exchange module, and the heat loss of the tank is ignored.

[0029] Step 2: Determine the equipment efficiency parameters, system design parameters and system operating parameters.

[0030] The equipment efficiency parameters include the isentropic efficiency of the compressor η C , the isentropic efficiency of the expander η T , the isentropic efficiency of the working fluid pump η P , and the mechanical efficiency of the equipment η m, device motor efficiency η e , and heat exchanger pinch point temperature difference Δ T HE .

[0031] The system design parameters include ambient temperature T 0, ambient pressure p 0, energy storage time τ ch , energy release time τ dch , carbon dioxide mass flow of heat pump subsystem m CO2,ch , and carbon dioxide mass flow of heat engine subsystem m CO2,dch .

[0032] The system operating parameters include high-temperature cold storage tank temperature T H,C , low-temperature heat storage tank temperature T C,H , system minimum pressure p min , and system pressure ratio β .

[0033] Step 3: Change the system operating parameters to perform thermodynamic simulation, and obtain the system electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell under different system operating parameters η R ; Step 4: Take the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature T H,H as the horizontal coordinate, and the system pressure ratio β as the vertical coordinate, plot the results of step 3 into a graph, and divide the coordinate plane into different temperature domain intervals according to the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature T H,H , so as to directly display the recommended carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration under different high-temperature heat storage tank temperatures T H,H , for quickly selecting the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration in a wide temperature domain range in the graph.

[0034] The graph shows the system electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell under the combination of different high-temperature heat storage tank temperatures T H,H and system pressure ratios β by plotting equivalent efficiency lines in the coordinate plane η R .

[0035] The wide temperature domain range is at least 150-500°C, and the temperature domain intervals are at least three: 1. Low temperature domain: TH,H not more than 200℃; 2. Medium temperature range: T H,H between 200 and 400℃; 3. High temperature range: T H,H not less than 400℃.

[0036] On this basis, for a specific actual scene, the temperature range of the high-temperature heat storage tank is determined T H,H After that, according to the configuration selection atlas of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery, the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency, system pressure ratio and recommended heat storage material operating temperature range can be obtained.

[0037] Example 1: Construction of configuration selection atlas This example explains in detail how to construct the configuration selection atlas of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery based on the atlas construction flowchart shown in Figure 1 The atlas construction flowchart shown in Figure 2 and the two typical system configurations shown in Figure 3 The carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection atlas shown in Figure 4 is constructed, mainly including the following steps: Step 1, determine the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration to be selected, and establish its steady-state thermodynamic model.

[0038] This example selects two typical configurations as examples, i.e. the transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system based on the Rankine cycle shown in Figure 2 and the supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system based on the Brayton cycle shown in Figure 3 Both are placed in the external environment 000, and both are composed of a heat pump subsystem 100, an energy storage subsystem 200 and a heat engine subsystem 300.

[0039] In the heat pump subsystem 100 of the transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot engine system based on the Rankine cycle, the working fluid flows through the heat pump subsystem compressor 111 (driven by the heat pump subsystem generator 101), the heat pump subsystem cooler 121, the heat pump subsystem regenerator 122, the heat pump subsystem throttle valve 113 and the heat pump subsystem evaporator 124 in turn, and returns to the heat pump subsystem compressor 111 after passing through the heat pump subsystem regenerator 122. In the heat engine subsystem 300, the working fluid flows through the heat engine subsystem working fluid pump 313, the heat engine subsystem regenerator 322, the heat engine subsystem heater 323, the heat engine subsystem expander 312 (driving the heat engine subsystem motor 302), the heat engine subsystem regenerator 322 and the heat engine subsystem condenser 324 in turn, and finally returns to the heat engine subsystem working fluid pump 313. In the energy storage subsystem 200, the high-temperature heat storage tank 201 and the low-temperature heat storage tank 202 are connected with the heat pump subsystem cooler 121 and the heat engine subsystem heater 323, so as to realize heat storage and heat release.

[0040] In the heat pump subsystem 100 of the supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot engine system based on the Brayton cycle, the working fluid flows through the heat pump subsystem compressor 111 (driven by the heat pump subsystem generator 101), the heat pump subsystem cooler 121, the heat pump subsystem regenerator 122, the heat pump subsystem expander 112 (driving the heat pump subsystem motor 102) and the heat pump subsystem heater 123 in turn, and returns to the heat pump subsystem compressor 111 after passing through the heat pump subsystem regenerator 122. In the heat engine subsystem 300, the working fluid flows through the heat engine subsystem compressor 311 (driven by the heat engine subsystem generator 301), the heat engine subsystem regenerator 322, the heat engine subsystem heater 323, the heat engine subsystem expander 312 (driving the heat engine subsystem motor 302), the heat engine subsystem regenerator 322 and the heat engine subsystem cooler 321 in turn, and finally returns to the heat engine subsystem compressor 311. In the energy storage subsystem 200, the high-temperature heat storage tank 201 and the low-temperature heat storage tank 202 are connected with the heat pump subsystem cooler 121 and the heat engine subsystem heater 323; at the same time, the high-temperature cold storage tank 203 and the low-temperature cold storage tank 204 are connected with the heat pump subsystem heater 123 and the heat engine subsystem cooler 321.

[0041] The modular method is adopted to establish the steady-state thermodynamic model of the system, which specifically includes the impeller mechanical module, the heat exchange module and the heat storage and cold storage module.

[0042] 1-1 Impeller mechanical module The impeller module includes a heat pump subsystem compressor 111, a heat engine subsystem compressor 311, a heat pump subsystem expander 112, a heat engine subsystem expander 312, and a heat engine subsystem working medium pump 313. Each impeller uses its inlet working condition, isentropic efficiency, and pressure ratio to determine its outlet working condition. Among them, the outlet working conditions and total power consumption of the heat pump subsystem compressor 111 and the heat engine subsystem compressor 311 can be obtained by formula (1), the outlet working conditions and total power output of the heat pump subsystem expander 112 and the heat engine subsystem expander 312 can be obtained by formula (2), and the outlet working condition and total power consumption of the heat engine subsystem working medium pump 313 can be obtained by formula (3).

[0043] (1) (2) (3) In the formula: p , h are pressure and enthalpy, respectively; η is isentropic efficiency; P is power; η m , η e are device mechanical efficiency and motor efficiency, respectively, both of which are 1; m CO2,ch is the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide in the heat pump subsystem; m CO2,dch is the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide in the heat engine subsystem; subscripts in and out represent inlet and outlet, respectively; subscript id represents ideal state; subscript C represents compressor; subscript T represents expander; and subscript P represents working medium pump.

[0044] 1-2 heat exchange module The heat exchange module includes a heat pump subsystem cooler 121, a heat engine subsystem cooler 321, a heat pump subsystem regenerator 122, a heat engine subsystem regenerator 322, a heat pump subsystem heater 123, a heat engine subsystem heater 323, a heat pump subsystem evaporator 124, and a heat engine subsystem condenser 324. Each heat exchange device uses a one-dimensional model or other heat discrete method, uses its inlet working condition and heat exchange working medium mass flow rate, and outputs heat exchange power and heat storage and cold storage working medium side outlet working conditions that meet the conditions. The calculation formula is as follows: (4) In the formula: q is heat exchange power; m HF is the mass flow rate of the heat storage working medium; m CF is the mass flow rate of the cold storage working medium; and subscript HE represents each heat exchange device.

[0045] 1-3 Heat storage and cold storage module The heat storage and cold storage module comprises a high-temperature heat storage tank 201, a low-temperature heat storage tank 202, a high-temperature cold storage tank 203 and a low-temperature cold storage tank 204, and the temperature of each tank is determined by the inlet and outlet conditions of the heat storage and cold storage working medium in the heat exchange module, and the heat loss of the tank is ignored.

[0046] Step 2, determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters and system operation parameters, and the specific values or parameter variation ranges are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 Example system parameters

[0048] Step 3, change the system operation parameters to perform thermodynamic simulation, and obtain the system electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operation parameters η R . Figure 2 The configuration of the transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery based on the Rankine cycle η R can be obtained from equation (5), Figure 3 The configuration of the supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery based on the Brayton cycle η R can be obtained from equation (6).

[0049] (5) (6) In the formula, subscript dch represents the energy release process, i.e. the operation process of the heat engine subsystem; subscript ch represents the energy storage process, i.e. the operation process of the heat pump subsystem.

[0050] Step 4, take the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature T H,H as the horizontal coordinate, and the system pressure ratio β as the vertical coordinate, draw the step 3 result into a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map by drawing equivalent efficiency lines in the coordinate plane, as shown in Figure 4 . And according to the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature T H,H The coordinate plane is divided into different temperature domain intervals: if T H,H is not greater than 200℃, it is a low temperature domain, if T H,H is between 200-400℃, it is a medium temperature domain, and if T H,H is not less than 400℃, it is a high temperature domain.

[0051] Example 2: Application of configuration selection map The present application will be described in detail below with reference to a practical scenario, and how to use the above-mentioned atlas for rapid design will be described in detail, mainly including the following steps: Figure 5 Step 1: In a practical application scenario, Therminol VP-1 is selected as a heat storage material, the operating temperature interval is 12-400 DEG C, and the temperature of the high-temperature heat storage tank is determined T H,H = 400 DEG C.

[0052] Step 2: Based on the pre-constructed carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection atlas, the temperature value determined in step 1 is positioned as the abscissa on the configuration selection atlas, and the vertical upward search is performed. T H,H = 400 DEG C. as the abscissa on the configuration selection atlas, and the vertical upward search is performed.

[0053] Step 3: The carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration corresponding to the temperature point is determined, and the recommended system configuration, i.e., a supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery based on the Brayton cycle, the system electric-to-electric efficiency η R = 0.47, the system pressure ratio β = 3.45, and the recommended system heat storage material operating temperature range 300-400 DEG C. under the configuration can be read.

[0054] The present application provides a configuration selection mode change from complex modeling to intuitive query. In actual application, only the target high-temperature heat storage temperature is needed, and the applicable system configuration and corresponding pressure ratio and system efficiency can be quickly determined from the atlas, so that the design threshold and time cost of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery are significantly reduced. The temperature range is wide, the configuration is wide, and it can be extended to other known or new heat storage materials covering the temperature range and other carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations.

[0055] The following is an embodiment of the device of the present application, which can be used to execute the method embodiment of the present application. For details not mentioned in the device embodiment, please refer to the method embodiment of the present application.

[0056] In another embodiment of the present application, a carbon dioxide Carnot battery design system is provided, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method. Specifically, the carbon dioxide Carnot battery design system includes a model construction module, a parameter determination module, an electric-to-electric efficiency acquisition module, an atlas preparation module, and an atlas reading module.

[0057] The model construction module is used to determine a plurality of to-be-selected carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations, and establish a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration.

[0058] ​The parameter determining module is configured to determine the device performance parameters, system design parameters and system operation parameters required for establishing the steady-state thermodynamic model.

[0059] The electrical efficiency obtaining module is configured to perform thermodynamic simulation by changing the system operation parameters, and obtain the system electrical efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell under different system operation parameters.

[0060] The atlas preparing module is configured to plot the system electrical efficiency obtained by the thermodynamic simulation into an atlas with the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature as the horizontal coordinate and the system pressure ratio as the vertical coordinate, divide the coordinate plane into different temperature domain intervals according to the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature, mark the recommended carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration in different temperature domain intervals, and obtain a carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection atlas.

[0061] The atlas reading module is configured to position the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature requirement on the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection atlas, and read the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency and system pressure ratio from the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection atlas according to the positioning result.

[0062] In still another embodiment of the present application, a terminal device is provided, which comprises a processor and a memory, the memory being configured to store a computer program, the computer program comprising program instructions, and the processor being configured to execute the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), and can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc., which are the core of the computing and control of the terminal, and are suitable for implementing one or more instructions, and are particularly suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions to implement a corresponding method flow or a corresponding function; the processor in the embodiments of the present application can be used for the operation of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell design method, comprising: determining a plurality of to-be-selected carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations, establishing a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration; determining the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters and system operation parameters required for establishing the steady-state thermodynamic model; changing the system operation parameters to perform thermodynamic simulation, obtaining the system electric-to-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell under different system operation parameters; taking the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature as the horizontal coordinate, the system pressure ratio as the vertical coordinate, drawing the system electric-to-electric efficiency results obtained by the thermodynamic simulation into a graph, dividing the coordinate plane into different temperature domain intervals according to the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature, marking the recommended carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration in different temperature domain intervals, and obtaining a carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph; positioning the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature requirement on the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph; and according to the positioning result, reading the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency and system pressure ratio from the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph.

[0063] In another embodiment, the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium (Memory) which is a memory device in the terminal device, used for storing programs and data. It can be understood that the computer readable storage medium herein can include the built-in storage medium in the terminal device, and of course can also include the expansion storage medium supported by the terminal device. The computer readable storage medium provides a storage space which stores the operating system of the terminal. Moreover, one or more instructions suitable for being loaded and executed by the processor are also stored in the storage space, and the instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program codes). It should be noted that the computer readable storage medium herein can be a high-speed RAM memory, or a non-volatile memory such as at least one disk memory.

[0064] The one or more instructions stored in the computer readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by the processor to realize the corresponding steps of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell design method in the above embodiments. The one or more instructions stored in the computer readable storage medium are loaded and executed by the processor to perform the following steps: determining a plurality of carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations to be selected, establishing a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration; determining the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters and system operation parameters required for establishing the steady-state thermodynamic model; changing the system operation parameters to perform thermodynamic simulation, obtaining the system electric-to-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell under different system operation parameters; taking the high-temperature thermal storage tank temperature as the horizontal coordinate and the system pressure ratio as the vertical coordinate, drawing the system electric-to-electric efficiency results obtained by the thermodynamic simulation into a graph, dividing the coordinate plane into different temperature domain intervals according to the high-temperature thermal storage tank temperature, marking the recommended carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration in different temperature domain intervals, and obtaining a carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph; positioning the high-temperature thermal storage tank temperature requirement on the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph; and according to the positioning result, reading the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency and system pressure ratio from the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection graph.

[0065] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code.

[0066] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart or flowsheet block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flowcharts and / or blocks Figure 1 means for functionally implementing the steps listed in the flowchart or flowsheet block or blocks.

[0067] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function specified in the flowchart or flowsheet block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flowcharts and / or blocks Figure 1 means for functionally implementing the steps listed in the flowchart or flowsheet block or blocks.

[0068] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart or flowsheet block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flowcharts and / or blocks Figure 1 means for functionally implementing the steps listed in the flowchart or flowsheet block or blocks.

[0069] The above-mentioned embodiments of the present application are only intended to describe the present application, but not to limit it. Various alterations and changes to the present application can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

[0070] In the above embodiments of the present application, the description of each embodiment has its own focus, and the parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0071] In the several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology can be implemented in other ways. Of course, the unit division in the above- described device embodiment is only a logical function division, and there can be another division manner during actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections between different units, can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, and can be electrical, or other forms.

[0072] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or also can be distributed to multiple units. Part or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiment scheme according to actual needs.

[0073] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, can make several improvements and refinements, these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

[0074] It should be understood that the above description is for illustration rather than for limitation. Many embodiments and many applications other than those described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the foregoing description, and it is intended that the scope of the patent be determined not with reference to the above description but with reference to the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. In view of the complete disclosure provided herein, all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated by reference for all that they contain, to the extent such articles and references are not inconsistent with the express teachings of this specification. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein does not preclude coverage of such aspect, nor does it surrender the applicant's right to claim such subject matter in patent applications of its own, or in applications of others, and to practice such subject matter.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method, characterized in that, The process includes the following: Several alternative carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations were identified, and a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration was established. Determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters required to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model; Thermodynamic simulations were performed by varying the system operating parameters to obtain the system electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters. Using the system's high-temperature thermal storage tank temperature as the abscissa and the system pressure ratio as the ordinate, the system's electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation are plotted into a graph. Based on the high-temperature thermal storage tank temperature, the coordinate plane is divided into different temperature ranges. Recommended carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations are marked in different temperature ranges to obtain a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph. The temperature requirements of the high-temperature thermal storage tank are located on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map; based on the location results, recommended high-efficiency system configuration categories, system efficiency, and system pressure ratio are read from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map.

2. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of establishing a steady-state thermodynamic model for a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration is as follows: A modular approach is used to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model, including a turbomachinery module, a heat exchange module, and a thermal and cold storage module. In the turbomachinery module, the outlet conditions of each turbomachinery are determined by the inlet conditions, isentropic efficiency, and pressure ratio. In the heat exchange module, a one-dimensional model is used to discretize each heat exchange device along the flow direction with equal heat. Based on the energy conservation equation, the minimum temperature difference at each heat exchange device grid node is controlled to be the set pinch temperature difference. The heat exchange power and the outlet conditions of the heat storage and cold storage working fluids are output using the inlet conditions and the mass flow rate of the heat exchange working fluid. In the thermal and cold storage module, the temperature of each storage tank is determined by the inlet and outlet operating conditions of the thermal and cold storage working fluids in the heat exchange module.

3. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Equipment performance parameters include compressor isentropic efficiency, expander isentropic efficiency, working fluid pump isentropic efficiency, equipment mechanical efficiency, equipment motor efficiency, and heat exchanger pinch point temperature difference; system design parameters include ambient temperature, ambient pressure, energy storage time, energy release time, carbon dioxide mass flow rate of the heat pump subsystem, and carbon dioxide mass flow rate of the heat engine subsystem; system operating parameters include high-temperature cold storage tank temperature, low-temperature heat storage tank temperature, system minimum pressure, and system pressure ratio.

4. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the system electro-electric efficiency of a carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters is as follows: The net power consumption of the heat pump subsystem during the energy storage process is obtained through thermodynamic simulation calculations. The net work done by the heat engine subsystem during the energy release process is obtained through thermodynamic simulation calculations. The system's electrical efficiency is calculated based on the ratio of net work done to net work consumed.

5. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of plotting the system's electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation into a spectrum is as follows: Plot isoefficiency lines in the coordinate plane to show the electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery system under different combinations of high-temperature heat storage tank temperature and system pressure ratio. At least three temperature ranges are defined: low temperature range, where the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is not greater than 200℃; medium temperature range, where the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is between 200 and 400℃; and high temperature range, where the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is not less than 400℃.

6. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the temperature requirements of the high-temperature thermal storage tank on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map, the recommended operating temperature range of the thermal storage material is read from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map based on the determination results.

7. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The identified options for various carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations include a transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system configuration based on the Rankine cycle and a supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system configuration based on the Brayton cycle.

8. A carbon dioxide Carnot battery design system, characterized in that, include: The model building module is used to determine various carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations to be selected and to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration. The parameter determination module is used to determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters required to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model. The electro-electric efficiency acquisition module is used to perform thermodynamic simulations by varying system operating parameters to obtain the system electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters. The graph preparation module is used to plot the system electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation into a graph with the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature as the horizontal axis and the system pressure ratio as the vertical axis. The coordinate plane is divided into different temperature ranges according to the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature, and the recommended carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration is marked in different temperature ranges to obtain a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph. The graph reading module is used to locate the temperature requirements of the high-temperature thermal storage tank on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph; based on the location results, it reads the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency, and system pressure ratio from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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