Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, the catalyst comprises a V5O12 carrier and Pt nanoparticles loaded on the carrier, and the V5O12 is of a multi-stage layered nanoflower structure; the catalyst is obtained by in-situ generation of Pt nanoparticles on a V5O12 carrier. According to the catalyst disclosed by the invention, the superfine Pt nano-particles are loaded on the metal oxide V5O12, so that the activity and the stability of the catalyst are improved; in addition, the preparation method is simple to operate and low in cost, and large-scale production can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst, and more particularly to a Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Energy demands and environmental challenges have spurred the development of clean and sustainable energy conversion technologies. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted attention due to their pollution-free, stable, highly efficient, and long-lasting properties; however, the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode remain a key bottleneck restricting commercialization. Pt-based catalysts remain the best choice for low overpotentials and fast kinetics. Commercially available Pt / C catalysts are prone to corrosion on carbon supports, and Pt nanoparticles are easily dissolved, migrated, and aggregated, leading to a decline in catalytic performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Objectives of the Invention: The first objective of this invention is to provide a Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst that reduces Pt dissolution and agglomeration and improves catalytic performance; the second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst; and the third objective of this invention is to provide the application of the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode of a fuel cell.

[0004] Technical solution: The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention includes V5O 12 The carrier and Pt nanoparticles loaded on the carrier, the V5O 12 It has a multi-level layered nanoflower structure; the catalyst is obtained through V5O 12 Pt nanoparticles were obtained by in-situ generation on a carrier.

[0005] Preferably, the loading of the platinum nanoparticles is 4-14%. Too low a loading will result in fewer total active sites per unit mass of catalyst layer, leading to reduced catalyst activity. Too high a loading can provide more active sites, but Pt nanoparticles are prone to aggregation and growth on the space-constrained support surface, resulting in increased particle size, decreased dispersion, and a sharp decline in mass activity. A suitable loading can not only reduce catalyst cost but also improve the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles, increase the electrochemical active area, and improve the mass activity of the catalyst.

[0006] Preferably, the Pt nanoparticles have a particle size of 2-3 nm. The advantage of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles lies in the fact that the extremely high surface atomic ratio exposes more active sites per unit mass of catalyst, resulting in excellent mass activity, maximizing the utilization efficiency of Pt, and significantly reducing catalyst costs.

[0007] The preparation method of the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention includes the following steps: V5O 12Add to solvent, disperse evenly, add platinum source, reflux reaction, after reaction, wash and dry to obtain V5O. 12 Catalysts supported on Pt nanoparticles.

[0008] Preferably, the solvent is ethylene glycol.

[0009] Preferably, the reflux reaction is carried out using oil bath heating, with a heating temperature of 90~130℃ and a reaction time of 1.5~2.5 h.

[0010] Preferably, the platinum source is one of platinum dichloride, platinum tetrachloride, or potassium chloroplatinate.

[0011] Preferably, the V5O 12 The preparation method is as follows: Vanadium triisopropoxy, a metal source, is added to isopropanol solvent and subjected to a solvothermal reaction. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is washed and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0012] Preferably, the solvothermal reaction temperature is 180~220℃.

[0013] Preferably, the content of the triisopropoxyvanadium oxide in the solvent is 0.014~0.042 mol / L.

[0014] The application of the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst described in this invention in the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode of a fuel cell.

[0015] Invention Mechanism:

[0016] This invention utilizes nano-flower-like V5O 12 Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalysts serve as supports for ultrafine platinum nanoparticles, reducing Pt dissolution and agglomeration and enhancing catalytic performance. The hypothesized mechanism may be as follows:

[0017] Pt and V5O 12 There are strong metal-support interactions between them, causing a slight downward shift or redistribution of the d-band energy of Pt, reducing its affinity for intermediates, and improving the chemoselectivity and rate of ORR. V5O 12 Provided oxygen vacancies, variable valence state (V 4+ / V 5+ The surface hydroxyl groups (V5O) can participate in proton transfer, oxygen activation, and intermediate transformation, forming cooperating sites for Pt-VO and increasing the number of effective reaction sites. Compared to carbon supports, V5O... 12 It has higher chemical stability, and Pt / V5O 12 The interface can suppress the dissolution and aggregation of Pt, thereby improving the long-term stability under the operating conditions of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

[0018] Furthermore, both ultrathin nanosheets and small-sized nanoparticles facilitate the exposure of more active sites, thereby accelerating mass transport and charge transfer. Layered structures are beneficial for increasing energy density and improving reaction kinetics. Combining layered nanoflowers with ultrafine nanoparticles enhances catalyst stability while maintaining the excellent electrocatalytic activity of the active sites themselves, enabling its widespread commercial application.

[0019] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) The catalyst of the present invention combines vanadium oxide with ultrafine Pt nanoparticles, which has high catalytic activity while protecting the dissolution and aggregation of active sites during the reaction process, improving reaction kinetics and enhancing catalytic durability; (2) The preparation method is simple and efficient; (3) The catalyst can be well applied to the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and has broad application prospects in the future energy storage industry. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 V5O prepared in Example 1 12 SEM (left) and TEM (right) images of the vector;

[0021] Figure 2 (a~b) HRTEM images and (c) elemental mapping diagram of the catalyst prepared in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 3 The XRD pattern of the catalyst prepared in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 4 TEM image of the catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 1;

[0024] Figure 5 The LSV comparison diagrams are of the catalysts prepared in Examples 1, 8, and 9 with those of Pt / C.

[0025] Figure 6 LSV diagrams of the catalyst (a) and Pt / C (b) prepared in Example 1 after 5000 cycles of CV. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0029] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0030] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL potassium chloroplatinate aqueous solution, place in an oil bath at 110 ℃ and reflux for 2 h with stirring. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0033] (1) 200 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0034] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL potassium chloroplatinate aqueous solution, place in an oil bath at 110 ℃ and reflux for 2 h with stirring. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0037] (1) 600 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0038] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL potassium chloroplatinate aqueous solution, place in an oil bath at 110 ℃ and reflux for 2 h with stirring. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0039] Example 4

[0040] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0041] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 180 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0042] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL potassium chloroplatinate aqueous solution, place in an oil bath at 110 ℃ and reflux for 2 h with stirring. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0043] Example 5

[0044] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0045] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 220 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0046] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL potassium chloroplatinate aqueous solution, place in an oil bath at 110 ℃ and reflux for 2 h with stirring. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0047] Example 6

[0048] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0049] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0050] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL platinum dichloride aqueous solution, place in an oil bath at 110 ℃ and reflux for 2 h with stirring. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O. 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0051] Example 7

[0052] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0053] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0054] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL platinum tetrachloride aqueous solution, place in an oil bath at 110 ℃ and reflux for 2 h with stirring. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0055] Example 8

[0056] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0057] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0058] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, then add 2.5 mL of 2 mg / mL potassium chloroplatinate aqueous solution, and place in an oil bath at 110 ℃ with stirring and reflux for 2 h. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O. 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 4% of the quality.

[0059] Example 9

[0060] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0061] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0062] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, then add 7.5 mL of 2 mg / mL potassium chloroplatinate aqueous solution, and place in an oil bath at 110 °C with stirring and reflux for 2 h. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O. 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 14% of the quality.

[0063] Example 10

[0064] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0065] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0066] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL platinum tetrachloride aqueous solution, place in a 90 ℃ oil bath and reflux for 2 h with stirring. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0067] Example 11

[0068] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0069] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0070] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL platinum tetrachloride aqueous solution, place in an oil bath at 130 ℃ and reflux for 2 h with stirring. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0071] Example 12

[0072] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0073] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0074] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, then add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL platinum tetrachloride aqueous solution, and place in a 90 ℃ oil bath for stirring and reflux reaction for 1.5 h. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O. 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0075] Example 13

[0076] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0077] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0078] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of ethylene glycol, sonicate to disperse evenly, then add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL platinum tetrachloride aqueous solution, and place in a 90 ℃ oil bath with stirring and reflux for 2.5 h. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O. 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] The catalyst preparation method includes the following steps:

[0081] (1) 400 μL of metal source triisopropoxyvanadium oxide was added to 60 mL of isopropanol solvent and stirred vigorously for 10 min to disperse it evenly. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 200 °C for 12 h. Subsequently, it was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

[0082] (2) Take 50 mg V5O 12 Add to 50 mL of methanol, sonicate to disperse evenly, add 5 mL of 2 mg / mL potassium chloroplatinate aqueous solution, place in an oil bath at 110 ℃ and reflux for 2 h with stirring. After the reaction is complete, wash and dry to obtain Pt / V5O 12 The catalyst, with a platinum nanoparticle loading of V5O 12 9% of the quality.

[0083] Structural characterization

[0084] SEM and TEM were used to analyze V5O in Example 1. 12 The morphology of the carrier was physically characterized, and the results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, V5O 12 It exhibits a uniform, multi-level layered nanoflower structure with a size maintained at 600 nm, which can provide a large specific surface area, expose more atoms, and thus provide abundant catalytic active sites.

[0085] The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst prepared in Example 1 was characterized by HRTEM, mapping, and XRD, and the results are as follows: Figures 2-3 As shown. From the HRTEM plot ( Figure 2 In diagram ab), it can be observed that ultrafine Pt nanoparticles are uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst, with a size maintained at 2-3 nm. Mapping diagram ( Figure 2 The c) spectrum shows that vanadium, oxygen, and platinum are uniformly dispersed. This is based on the XRD pattern ( Figure 3It can be seen that the diffraction peaks of the catalyst are related to V5O. 12 The standard cards (PDF#45-1401) and Pt (PDF#04-0802) match perfectly, indicating the presence of V5O in the catalyst. 12 The two types of objects, Pt and Pt, are consistent with the results of the HRTEM image.

[0086] The morphology of the catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 1 was characterized by TEM, and the results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, V5O 12 The destruction of the nanoflower-like structure indicates that V5O 12 It cannot exist stably in methanol solvent.

[0087] Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Activity Test

[0088] Using commercially available Pt / C (purchased from Johnson Matthey, 20 wt% platinum content) as a reference catalyst, the ORR activity of the catalysts prepared in Examples 1, 8, and 9 in 0.1 M KOH medium was investigated. The test methods are as follows: All electrochemical measurements were performed on a CHI 760E electrochemical workstation. The working electrode was a rotating ring-disc electrode with catalyst support, the counter electrode was a calomel electrode, and the auxiliary electrode was a carbon rod. The test solution was a 0.1 M potassium hydroxide solution. The rotating ring-disc electrode with catalyst support was prepared as follows: the catalyst slurry consisted of 2 mg of the catalyst from Example 1, 360 µL of ethanol, and 40 µL of Nafion. In this invention, 10 µL of the slurry was dropped onto the rotating ring-disc electrode and allowed to dry. Polarization curves in the range of 0–1.1 V were recorded using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at a rotation speed of 1600 rpm and a scan rate of 5 mV s⁻¹. The test results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0089] Figure 5 This is a comparison of the LSV curves of the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalysts prepared in Examples 1, 8, and 9 with those of Pt / C at 1600 rpm. The graph shows that the catalyst prepared in Example 1 has an onset potential of 0.98 V, a half-wave potential of 0.89 V, and a limiting current density of 5.6 mA / cm². 2 The catalyst prepared in Example 8 had an onset potential of 0.96 V, a half-wave potential of 0.86 V, and a limiting current density of 5.6 mA / cm². 2 The catalyst prepared in Example 9 had an onset potential of 0.96 V, a half-wave potential of 0.87 V, and a limiting current density of 5.4 mA / cm². 2The commercially available Pt / C has an onset potential of 0.94 V, a half-wave potential of 0.84 V, and a limiting current density of 5.3 mA / cm². 2 Comparing Examples 1, 8, and 9, it can be observed that as the Pt loading increases, the ORR activity of the catalyst first increases and then decreases. Excessive loading can provide more active sites, but Pt nanoparticles are prone to aggregation and growth on the space-constrained support surface, leading to increased particle size, decreased dispersion, and a sharp decline in mass activity. A suitable loading can not only reduce catalyst cost but also improve the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles, increase the electrochemical active area, and improve the mass activity of the catalyst. Compared with commercially available Pt / C catalysts, the catalyst prepared in this invention not only has better performance but also significantly reduces catalyst cost by reducing the Pt loading.

[0090] Figure 6 The catalyst material of this invention ( Figure 6 a) Commercial Pt / C ( Figure 6 (b) The LSV curve after 5000 cycles of CV testing. Compared with the initial LSV, the half-wave potential of the catalyst material of this invention decreased by only 1 mV, while the half-wave potential of commercial Pt / C decreased by only 7 mV. This indicates that the catalyst achieves exceptional stability while maintaining high activity, which is superior to commercial Pt / C. This demonstrates that the chemical state of the active sites of the catalyst is very stable and not easily oxidized or dissolved.

Claims

1. A Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst, characterized in that, Including V5O 12 The carrier and Pt nanoparticles loaded on the carrier, the V5O 12 It has a multi-level layered nanoflower structure; the catalyst is obtained through V5O 12 Pt nanoparticles were obtained by in-situ generation on a carrier.

2. The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading of the platinum nanoparticles is V5O 12 4-14% of the quality.

3. The Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Pt nanoparticles have a particle size of 2-3 nm.

4. A method for preparing a Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: V5O 12 Add to solvent, disperse evenly, add platinum source, reflux reaction, after reaction, wash and dry to obtain V5O. 12 Catalysts supported on Pt nanoparticles.

5. The method for preparing the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that, The solvent is ethylene glycol.

6. The method for preparing the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that, The reflux reaction is performed using an oil bath for heating at a temperature of 90-130°C for a reaction time of 1.5-2.5 h.

7. The method for preparing the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that, The V5O 12 The preparation method is as follows: Vanadium triisopropoxy, a metal source, is added to isopropanol solvent and subjected to a solvothermal reaction. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is washed and dried to obtain V5O. 12 Carrier.

8. The method for preparing the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that, The solvothermal reaction temperature is 180~220℃.

9. The method for preparing the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that, The content of the triisopropoxyvanadium oxide in the solvent is 0.014~0.042 mol / L.

10. The application of the Pt-based composite nanoparticle catalyst according to claims 1-3 in the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode of a fuel cell.

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