Preparation method of colored semitransparent electrode, electrode and organic solar cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a colored semitransparent electrode, an electrode and an organic solar cell. The preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially depositing the electron transport layer, the organic active layer and the hole transport layer on the transparent electrode layer to obtain an organic solar cell substrate, placing the organic solar cell substrate in vacuum thermal evaporation equipment, and uniformly depositing the metal electrode layer on the surface of the hole transport layer by adopting a vacuum thermal evaporation method to serve as an excitation layer of an optical Tamm state; a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure is constructed on the surface, far away from the hole transport layer, of the metal electrode layer by alternately depositing two uniform dielectric films, and the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure and the metal electrode layer form interface coupling to form an optical Tamm state; a defect state is introduced into the one-dimensional photonic crystal, so that the optical Tamm state and the defect state are subjected to resonance coupling, and the optical reflection characteristic and transmission characteristic of the composite electrode formed by the metal electrode layer and the one-dimensional photonic crystal are adjusted by regulating and controlling the coupling strength and the resonance wavelength, so that the composite electrode presents the color semitransparent visual characteristic of a preset color.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, specifically to a method for preparing a colored semi-transparent electrode, the electrode itself, and an organic solar cell. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wearable electronic devices, building-integrated photovoltaics, and automotive display technologies, the functional requirements of optoelectronic devices have broken through the limitations of single energy conversion efficiency and are expanding towards visual aesthetics and functional integration. In emerging application scenarios such as smart windows, transparent photovoltaics, and transparent displays, electrode materials must simultaneously possess good conductivity, light transmittance, and the dual attributes of colored appearance and translucency to meet the diverse requirements of modern consumer electronics products for decorative appeal, personalized design, and environmental adaptability.

[0003] However, existing transparent electrode technology has significant limitations: although traditional transparent conductive materials (such as indium tin oxide (ITO), ultrathin metal films, conductive polymers, etc.) have high transmittance and low resistance in the visible light region, their optical reflectivity is low, resulting in a monotonous gray or colorless appearance of the device. Furthermore, they lack wavelength-selective transmission capability, making it difficult to achieve structural color display without external filters or dyeing layers.

[0004] To achieve the color effect of semi-transparent electrodes, existing technologies mainly fall into two categories:

[0005] Structured color design based on optical resonators: Selective reflection is achieved by introducing distributed Bragg mirrors (DBR) or metal-dielectric-metal (MOM) resonators and utilizing multi-beam interference effects. However, this method is extremely sensitive to cavity length control, requiring precise thickness adjustment at the micrometer level, resulting in complex and costly processes. Furthermore, there is an inherent contradiction between high reflectivity and high transmittance, making it difficult to meet the core requirements of semi-transparent electrodes.

[0006] Nanostructured color technology based on surface plasmon resonance (SPP) or guided mode resonance (GMR) achieves narrowband selective reflection by exciting resonance effects through subwavelength nanostructures (such as gratings or nanopore arrays) on metal surfaces. While this method can obtain highly saturated structural colors, it is sensitive to nanostructure parameters (morphology, period, and size) and relies on high-precision, high-cost micro / nano fabrication methods such as electron beam lithography, making large-area, low-cost manufacturing impossible.

[0007] Optical Tahm states, as localized electromagnetic modes at the interface between metals and one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs), possess advantages such as narrowband reflection, strong wavelength selectivity, and insensitivity to the incident angle. Furthermore, their simple structure and the ability to flexibly control the reflection peak position through the photonic crystal period and refractive index make them a potential pathway for achieving structural color. However, this technology still faces bottlenecks in the application of colored translucent electrodes: firstly, the color representation is limited, relying solely on interface band matching, making it difficult to achieve multi-color, tunable, or broadband color output, thus failing to meet the demands of colorful displays and decorations; secondly, the visible light transmittance is low, and the structural design, aiming for high reflectivity, results in strong light blocking; and thirdly, the lack of a defect state control mechanism hinders precise coordinated control of the transmission and reflection spectra.

[0008] Research shows that introducing a defect layer into a one-dimensional photonic crystal can create defect states, allowing light of specific wavelengths within the optical bandgap to pass through while maintaining reflection of other wavelengths. By synergistically coupling optical Tamm states with the defect states of a one-dimensional photonic crystal, it is hoped that synchronous modulation of reflection and transmission spectra can be achieved, i.e., achieving high transmission at a specific wavelength while maintaining high reflection in other bands, providing a new direction for addressing the pain points of existing technologies.

[0009] In summary, existing technologies in the field of colored semi-transparent electrodes still suffer from key problems such as limited color options, poor light transmittance, and complex manufacturing processes, failing to simultaneously achieve both color performance and photoelectric properties. Therefore, developing novel methods for fabricating colored semi-transparent electrodes, as well as electrodes and organic solar cells based on the coupling mechanism between optical Tamm states and defect states in one-dimensional photonic crystals, has significant scientific importance and broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for preparing a colored semi-transparent electrode, the colored semi-transparent electrode prepared by the method, and an organic solar cell.

[0011] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is:

[0012] A method for preparing a colored semi-transparent electrode includes the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Sequentially deposit an electron transport layer, an organic active layer, and a hole transport layer on a transparent electrode layer to obtain an organic solar cell substrate;

[0014] Step 2: Place the organic solar cell substrate in a vacuum thermal evaporation device, evacuate to a high vacuum environment, and uniformly deposit a metal electrode layer on the surface of the hole transport layer of the organic solar cell substrate using a vacuum thermal evaporation method. The metal electrode layer serves as the excitation layer for the optical Tahm state.

[0015] Step 3: On the surface of the metal electrode layer away from the hole transport layer, a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure is constructed by alternately depositing a first uniform dielectric film and a second uniform dielectric film. The one-dimensional photonic crystal structure forms an interface coupling with the metal electrode layer, thereby forming an optical Tahm state.

[0016] Step 4: Introduce defect states into the interlayer structure of the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure to make the optical Tamm state resonantly coupled with the defect state. By adjusting the coupling strength and resonant wavelength, the optical reflection and transmission characteristics of the composite electrode composed of the metal electrode layer and the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure are adjusted, and finally the composite electrode presents a color semi-transparent visual characteristic of a preset color.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the pressure of the high vacuum is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -4 Pascal to 1.0 × 10 -6 Pascal; the metal electrode layer is made of silver and has a thickness of 10 nm to 50 nm.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the first uniform dielectric film is a WO3 film; the second uniform dielectric film is a LiF film, wherein the thickness of the WO3 film is 40 nm to 200 nm; and the thickness of the LiF film is 50 nm to 200 nm.

[0019] Preferably, each deposition of a WO3 thin film and a LiF thin film constitutes a complete alternation cycle; the alternation cycle in the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure is 6 to 10, and the optical bandgap center wavelength corresponding to the one-dimensional photonic crystal is 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, the defect state setting step is as follows: after the first few complete alternating cycles are completed, a first uniform dielectric film is deposited, and then the second uniform dielectric film is not deposited, thereby forming a defect layer; after the defect layer is constructed, several more complete alternating cycles are deposited on the defect layer.

[0021] Preferably, the thickness of the WO3 film in the defect layer is 20 nm to 120 nm.

[0022] A colored semi-transparent electrode has a double transmittance peak in the visible light region and an average transmittance of 1%-20% in the near-infrared region; wherein the spectral position, spectral width, and peak size of the double transmittance peak in the visible light region are achieved by adjusting the thickness of the defect layer in the preparation method; and the average transmittance in the near-infrared region is achieved by adjusting the thickness of the metal electrode layer and the photonic bandgap of the one-dimensional photonic crystal.

[0023] An organic solar cell includes, from bottom to top, a transparent bottom electrode layer, an electron transport layer, an organic active layer, a hole transport layer, and a semi-transparent top electrode layer, characterized in that the semi-transparent top electrode layer uses the aforementioned colored semi-transparent electrode.

[0024] Preferably, the organic solar cell has an adjustable transmittance double peak in the visible light region, which is used to adjust the visible color of the organic solar cell; the organic active layer is composed of a thin film formed by PM6 and Y6 composite, which has the characteristic of enhanced absorption in the near-infrared band; the semi-transparent electrode has a structure of optical Tamm state and defect state coupling, which has high reflectivity of near-infrared light, and can reflect near-infrared light back into the cell and interfere with the incident light to enhance the light field intensity of the organic active layer, thereby optimizing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. The method for preparing the colored semi-transparent electrode of the present invention adopts a vacuum thermal evaporation process to sequentially deposit a metal electrode layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure containing a defect layer on the surface of an organic optoelectronic device substrate; through the optical Tahm state excited at the interface between the metal electrode layer and the one-dimensional photonic crystal, a synergistic coupling effect is formed with the defect state introduced by the defect layer in the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure, thereby achieving synchronous and precise control of the reflection spectrum and transmission spectrum of the semi-transparent electrode.

[0027] 2. The colored semi-transparent electrode of the present invention can precisely design the peak wavelength of the transmission peak by adjusting the number of periods and the thickness of the defect layer of the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure, so as to achieve controllable output of multiple colors in the visible light range and meet the needs of practical applications.

[0028] 3. The colored semi-transparent electrode of the present invention endows the semi-transparent electrode with a bimodal characteristic of transmission spectrum through the coupling structure. Unlike the single-peak characteristic of traditional optical Tamm state structure, this bimodal transmission spectrum not only increases the color richness of transmitted light, but also significantly improves the intensity and uniformity of transmitted light, making the transmitted color of the device more vivid in the visible light range.

[0029] 4. The semi-transparent electrode in the colored semi-transparent electrode of the present invention, which couples optical Tamm state and defect state, has high reflectivity of near-infrared light and can efficiently reflect near-infrared light. When applied to organic solar cell devices, the colored semi-transparent electrode can reflect near-infrared light back into the cell and interfere with the incident light, thereby enhancing the light field intensity of the organic active layer and optimizing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device.

[0030] 5. The method for preparing the colored semi-transparent electrode of the present invention uses vacuum thermal evaporation to prepare the electrode, which does not require expensive material epitaxy technology or complex nanofabrication process. The experimental steps are simplified and the cost is controllable. The colored semi-transparent electrode produced has the composite functions of conductivity, color rendering and light transmission. It can be directly used as the top electrode of the device without the need for additional filters or decorative layers. This simplifies the device structure, improves the integration and reliability, and provides a new technical path for the high performance and multifunctionality of optoelectronic devices. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the colored semi-transparent electrode of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a transmittance spectrum of the defect layer (under five thickness conditions) in the colored semi-transparent electrode of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the organic solar cell of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 Transmittance spectra of organic solar cells in normal, defective, optical Tamm, and coupled states.

[0035] Figure 5 The transmittance spectra of five organic solar cells with different defect layer thicknesses are shown.

[0036] Figure 6 Colorimetric diagrams of five organic solar cells with different defect layer thicknesses.

[0037] Figure 7 Transmittance spectra of five organic solar cells with different Ag electrode layer thicknesses. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] See Figure 1 The method for preparing the colored translucent electrode of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Sequentially deposit an electron transport layer, an organic active layer, and a hole transport layer on a transparent electrode layer to obtain an organic solar cell substrate;

[0042] Step 2: Place the organic solar cell substrate in a vacuum thermal evaporation device, evacuate to a high vacuum environment, and uniformly deposit a metal electrode layer 1 on the surface of the hole transport layer of the organic solar cell substrate using a vacuum thermal evaporation method. The metal electrode layer 1 serves as the excitation layer for the optical Tahm state.

[0043] In this embodiment, the pressure of the high vacuum is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -4 Pascal to 1.0 × 10 -6 Pascal; the material of the metal electrode layer 1 is silver (Ag), and the thickness is 10 nm to 50 nm.

[0044] Step 3: On the surface of the metal electrode layer 1 away from the hole transport layer, a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure 2 is constructed by alternately depositing a first uniform dielectric thin film 21 and a second uniform dielectric thin film 22. The one-dimensional photonic crystal structure 2 forms an interface coupling with the metal electrode layer 1, thereby forming an optical Tahm state.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first uniform dielectric film 21 is a WO3 film; the second uniform dielectric film 22 is a LiF film, wherein the thickness of the WO3 film is 40 nm to 200 nm; and the thickness of the LiF film is 50 nm to 200 nm.

[0046] In addition, each deposition of a WO3 thin film and a LiF thin film is defined as a complete alternation cycle; the alternation cycle in the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure 2 is 6 to 10, and the optical bandgap center wavelength corresponding to the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure 2 is 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0047] Step 4: Introduce defect state 23 into the interlayer structure of the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure 2, so that the optical Tamm state and the defect state 23 resonate and couple. By adjusting the coupling strength and resonant wavelength, the optical reflection and transmission characteristics of the composite electrode formed by the metal electrode layer 1 and the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure 2 are adjusted, and finally the composite electrode presents a color semi-transparent visual characteristic of a preset color.

[0048] The steps for setting the defect state 23 are as follows: after the first few (e.g., 3-5) complete alternating cycles are completed, a first uniform dielectric film 21 is deposited, and then a second uniform dielectric film 22 is not deposited, thereby forming the defect layer 23; after the construction of the defect layer 23 is completed, several (e.g., 3-5) complete alternating cycles are deposited on the defect layer 23.

[0049] In this embodiment, the defect layer 23 is a WO3 thin film with a thickness of 20nm to 120nm.

[0050] The colored semi-transparent electrode of this invention has a double-peak transmittance in the visible light region and an average transmittance of 1%-20% in the near-infrared region, such as... Figure 2 As shown in Table 1, the spectral position, spectral width, and peak size of the transmittance double peaks of the color translucent electrode in the visible light region are adjusted by the thickness of the defect layer 23.

[0051] Table 1: Relationship between defect layer thickness and transmission double peaks of semi-transparent electrode

[0052]

[0053] For example, when the thickness of the defect layer 23 is 23nm, the peak wavelength of transmittance peak 1 is 433nm and the peak wavelength of transmittance peak 2 is 532nm; when the thickness of the defect layer 23 is 103nm, the peak wavelength of transmittance peak 1 is 524nm and the peak wavelength of transmittance peak 2 is 598nm.

[0054] As can be seen from the results in Table 1, as the thickness of the defect layer 23 increases, the transmittance double peaks of the color translucent electrode of the present invention undergo a red shift. This indicates that the thickness of the defect layer 23 can control the position of the transmittance double peaks, thereby controlling the transmitted color of the color translucent electrode of the present invention. Furthermore, the average transmittance in the near-infrared region is adjusted by the thickness of the metal electrode layer 1 and the photonic fork of the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure 2.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] See Figure 3 The organic solar cell of the present invention comprises, from bottom to top, a transparent bottom electrode layer A1, an electron transport layer A2, an organic active layer A3, a hole transport layer A4, and a semi-transparent top electrode layer. The semi-transparent top electrode layer is a colored semi-transparent electrode coupled with the optical Tamm state in Example 1 and the defect state 23 in the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure 2. The colored semi-transparent electrode exhibits significant double-peak transmittance in the visible light region from 400 nm to 700 nm. To better illustrate the characteristics of the coupled colored semi-transparent electrode, Figure 4 Four types of organic solar cells were demonstrated, with their top electrode layers employing normal state one-dimensional photonic crystal structures (normal state 1DPCs), defect state one-dimensional photonic crystal structures (defect state 1DPCs), optical Tamm state one-dimensional photonic crystal structures (Tamm state 1DPCs), and coupled state one-dimensional photonic crystal structures (coupled state 1DPCs), respectively.

[0057] The transmission spectrum of a normal organic solar cell exhibits a deep valley shape in the 400nm to 700nm region, with an average transmittance of less than 15%. However, in the near-infrared region after 700nm, the transmittance exceeds 20%. This indicates that a normal organic solar cell does not possess the characteristics of high transmittance in the visible light region and high reflectance in the near-infrared region.

[0058] For organic solar cells with defective states, a single peak of transmittance is observed in the 400nm to 700nm region, but the transmittance is also above 20% in the near-infrared region after 700nm. This indicates that although organic solar cells with defective states have a high transmittance peak in the visible light region, they cannot achieve high reflectance in the near-infrared region.

[0059] For organic solar cells in the optical Tamm state, a single transmittance peak is observed in the 400nm to 700nm region, with a peak intensity lower than that of organic solar cells in the defect state. In the near-infrared region beyond 700nm, the transmittance is less than 10%. This indicates that organic solar cells in the optical Tamm state have a single transmission peak in the visible light region and high reflectivity in the near-infrared region.

[0060] For coupled organic solar cells, a double transmittance peak is observed in the 400nm to 700nm region. This is a result of the coupling between the optical Tamm state and the defect state 23 of the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure 2. The intensity of the double peak is significantly higher than that of the single peak of the optical Tamm state organic solar cell. Furthermore, in the near-infrared region beyond 700nm, the transmittance is less than 10%. This indicates that coupled organic solar cells have higher transmittance in the visible light region, the double peak is more conducive to controlling the transmitted color, and high reflectivity in the near-infrared region.

[0061] The organic active layer A3 in the organic solar cell of the present invention is composed of PM6 and Y6 thin films. The organic active layer A3 has a bandgap structure that enhances the absorption of near-infrared light. Therefore, the organic solar cell in the coupled state has a double peak in the visible light region and high reflectivity in the near-infrared region. This is beneficial for controlling the transmission color of the organic solar cell and for the semi-transparent colored electrode to reflect near-infrared light back into the cell and interfere with the incident light, thereby enhancing the light field intensity of the organic active layer A3 and optimizing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell of the present invention.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] In this embodiment, the transparent bottom electrode layer of the organic solar cell of the present invention is an ITO electrode with a thickness of 100 nm; the electron transport layer is TiO2 with a thickness of 10 nm; the organic active layer is composed of PM6 and Y6 with a thickness of 80 nm; the hole transport layer is MoO3 with a thickness of 10 nm; the metal electrode layer is made of silver (Ag) with a thickness of 30 nm; and the optical bandgap center wavelength of the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure is 500 nm. By adjusting the thickness of the defect layer in the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure, wherein the thickness parameters of the defect layer are set to 0 nm, 32 nm, 52 nm, 72 nm, 92 nm, and 112 nm, a total of six organic solar cells were designed.

[0064] See Figure 5 In the visible light region, the transmittance of the latter five organic solar cells (i.e., defect layer thickness parameters of 32nm, 52nm, 72nm, 92nm, and 112nm, respectively) all exhibited double peaks. Peak 1's transmittance ranged from 21.1% to 47.1%, while peak 2's ranged from 7.5% to 38.5%. The relationships between defect layer thickness, peak wavelength, peak size, short-circuit current Jsc, and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) for these five organic solar cells are shown in Table 2.

[0065] Table 2: Relationship between defect layer thickness and battery performance parameters for five batteries

[0066]

[0067] Table 2 also shows that, compared to the structural condition with a defect layer thickness of 0 nm, i.e., the organic solar cell in the optical Tamm state, the transmittance has a single peak, with a peak wavelength of 528 nm and a peak value of 19.3%, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is 14.55%. The latter five organic solar cells, using coupled-state semi-transparent colored electrodes, exhibit double-peak transmittance. Increased incident light transmission would correspondingly reduce the number of photons inside the cell, leading to a deduction that the photoelectric conversion efficiency would decrease due to increased incident light transmission. However, because the coupled-state semi-transparent colored electrodes have high reflectivity in the near-infrared region, they effectively reflect near-infrared light back into the cell and interfere with the incident light, thus enhancing the light field intensity within the organic active layer. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the latter five organic solar cells did not significantly decrease due to increased incident light transmission; the absolute value of the photoelectric conversion efficiency only decreased by 0.01% to 0.23%.

[0068] The above results demonstrate that, in terms of photoelectric conversion efficiency, coupled-state organic solar cells achieve performance comparable to optical Tamm-state organic solar cells. Furthermore, regarding transmission spectrum modulation, coupled-state organic solar cells exhibit a double-peak transmittance pattern, with the peak values ​​significantly higher than those of optical Tamm-state organic solar cells. Therefore, coupled-state organic solar cells possess a clear advantage in terms of transmitted color. Moreover, as... Figure 6 As shown, by controlling the thickness of the defect layer in a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure, organic solar cells with transmission colors of blue, green, and yellow-green can be obtained. Therefore, the fabrication method of the present invention has the ability to control the transmission color of organic solar cells.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] In this embodiment, the transparent bottom electrode layer of the organic solar cell of the present invention is an ITO electrode, the electron transport layer is TiO2, the organic active layer is composed of PM6 and Y6, and the hole transport layer is MoO3. The thickness parameters of the above functional layers are the same as those in Example 3. The optical bandgap center wavelength of the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure is 500nm, and the defect layer thickness in the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure is 129nm. The material of the metal electrode layer is silver (Ag). Five organic solar cells were designed according to defect layer thickness parameters of 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, and 50nm.

[0071] See Figure 7 In the visible light region, all five types of organic solar cells exhibited a double-peak transmittance. As the Ag electrode thickness increased from 10 nm to 50 nm, the peak transmittance gradually decreased. In the 380 nm and 520 nm regions, the transmittance of an organic solar cell with a 10 nm Ag thickness reached 45%. When the Ag thickness was 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, and 50 nm, the transmittance decreased from 45% to approximately 30%. This result indicates that adjusting the Ag film thickness directly controls the peak transmittance of the organic solar cell, thereby controlling its transmitted color. On the other hand, the reflection of the translucent colored electrode is correspondingly enhanced, thus reducing the average transmittance in the near-infrared region and increasing reflection, leading to a gradual increase in absorption in the organic active layer of the organic solar cell. With increasing Ag film thickness, the short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell also increase. When the Ag film thickness is 50 nm, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell exceeds 15%.

[0072] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above content. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing a colored semi-transparent electrode, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: sequentially depositing an electron transport layer, an organic active layer and a hole transport layer on a transparent electrode layer to obtain an organic solar cell substrate; Step 2: placing the organic solar cell substrate in a vacuum thermal evaporation device, vacuumizing to a high vacuum environment, and uniformly depositing a metal electrode layer on the surface of the hole transport layer of the organic solar cell substrate by vacuum thermal evaporation, the metal electrode layer serving as an excitation layer of an optical Tamm state; Step 3: constructing a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure on the surface of the metal electrode layer away from the hole transport layer by alternately depositing a first uniform dielectric film and a second uniform dielectric film, the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure being coupled with the metal electrode layer to form an optical Tamm state; Step 4: introducing a defect state into the interlayer structure of the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure, so that the optical Tamm state is resonantly coupled with the defect state, the coupling strength and the resonance wavelength are adjusted to adjust the optical reflection and transmission characteristics of the composite electrode formed by the metal electrode layer and the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure, and finally the composite electrode exhibits a color semi-transparent visual characteristic of a preset color.

2. The method of producing a colored semi-transparent electrode according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, the pressure of the high vacuum is 1.0 x 10 -4 from 1.0 x 10 -6 Pascal; the material of the metal electrode layer is silver, and the thickness is 10 nm to 50 nm.

3. The method of producing a colored semi-transparent electrode according to claim 1, wherein In step S3, the first uniform dielectric film is a WO3 film, and the second uniform dielectric film is a LiF film, wherein the thickness of the WO3 film is 40-200 nm, and the thickness of the LiF film is 50-200 nm.

4. The method of producing a colored semi-transparent electrode according to claim 3, wherein Each deposition of a WO3 film and a LiF film is one complete alternating cycle, and the alternating cycle in the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure is 6-10, and the corresponding optical band gap center wavelength of the one-dimensional photonic crystal is 450-650 nm.

5. The method of producing a colored semi-transparent electrode according to claim 4, wherein In step S4, the setting step of the defect state is: after depositing a plurality of complete alternating cycles, depositing a layer of the first uniform dielectric film, and then not depositing the second uniform dielectric film to form a defect layer; and after the construction of the defect layer is completed, a plurality of complete alternating cycles are continuously deposited on the defect layer.

6. The method of producing a colored semi-transparent electrode according to claim 5, wherein The thickness of the WO3 film in the defect layer is 20-120 nm.

7. A colored semi-transparent electrode prepared by the method of claim 6. The semi-transparent electrode has a transmittance double peak in the visible light region and an average transmittance of 1%-20% in the near-infrared light region; wherein the spectral position, spectral width and peak value of the transmittance double peak in the visible light region are realized by adjusting the thickness of the defect layer in the preparation method; and the average transmittance in the near-infrared light region is realized by adjusting the thickness of the metal electrode layer and the photonic band gap of the one-dimensional photonic crystal.

8. An organic solar cell, characterized by The semi-transparent electrode has a transmittance double peak in the visible light region and an average transmittance of 1%-20% in the near-infrared light region; wherein the spectral position, spectral width and peak value of the transmittance double peak in the visible light region are realized by adjusting the thickness of the defect layer in the preparation method; and the average transmittance in the near-infrared light region is realized by adjusting the thickness of the metal electrode layer and the photonic band gap of the one-dimensional photonic crystal. The semi-transparent electrode has a transmittance double peak in the visible light region and an average transmittance of 1%-20% in the near-infrared light region; wherein the spectral position, spectral width and peak value of the transmittance double peak in the visible light region are realized by adjusting the thickness of the defect layer in the preparation method; and the average transmittance in the near-infrared light region is realized by adjusting the thickness of the metal electrode layer and the photonic band gap of the one-dimensional photonic crystal.

9. The organic solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The organic solar cell has adjustable transmittance bimodal in the visible light region, which is used for adjusting the visual color of the organic solar cell; the organic active layer is composed of a thin film formed by the compounding of PM6 and Y6, and the organic active layer has the characteristics of enhanced absorption in the near-infrared wave band; the semi-transparent electrode is a structure coupled with optical Tamm state and defect state, has high reflectivity of near-infrared light, can reflect the near-infrared light back to the inside of the cell and generate interference with the incident light, so as to enhance the light field intensity of the organic active layer, and further optimize the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell.

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