Suspension head and formwork system

Abstract

The invention relates to a suspension head (13) for displaceably guiding a support rail (12) of a support structure (8) for a formwork (10) for pouring a concrete portion protruding transversely from a reference edge (2a) of a construction element (2) of a building, holding elements being arranged on the construction element (2) at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction (x) of the reference edge (2a), the suspension head (13) can be arranged to be detachably fixed to one of the retaining elements such that a load transmitted by the support structure (8) via the support rail (12) to the suspension head (13) can be introduced into a building element (2) of the building (1) via the suspension head (13) and the retaining element, the suspension head (13) is further designed to movably guide the support rail (12) in the longitudinal direction (x) in a state in which the support rail (12) is guided, and wherein the support arm (14) extends from a frame (21) of the suspension head (13) and is designed to be supported on a wall (15a) of the building element (2) when the suspension head (13) is fixed to one of the retaining elements. The invention further relates to a corresponding formwork system with a formwork (10) having a support structure (8), a support rail (12), a suspension head (13) and a holding element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a suspension head for movably guiding a support track for a support structure for a template, and a template system having a support structure for a template, a plurality of suspension heads guided on a retaining element, and a support track guided in the suspension head. Background Technology

[0002] When constructing a building, components that project laterally from a reference edge of the building structure (especially cantilever components) can be cast using formwork that can be guided along the reference edge by a supporting structure. The supporting structure is attached to a supporting track, which is held movably in a suspension head arranged on the building structure. As concrete pouring proceeds, the supporting structure moves along the reference edge with the track. The suspension head is reusable and is therefore removed after construction or a construction phase is completed. Such a supporting structure is also called a bottom-running formwork bracket.

[0003] This type of construction technique is commonly used in bridge construction, where the long portions of the structure (especially roads or road substructures) are cast in concrete, often including roads that cantilever to the sides.

[0004] To transfer loads (especially concrete loads on the formwork), additional tie rods are typically used, connecting the formwork brackets to a supporting structure erected on the structure or shell as scaffolding. Each time the formwork brackets are moved, the tie rods must be removed from the supporting structure and reattached in another location. This often also requires the assembly and disassembly of scaffolding components that move with the formwork brackets. Such supporting structures must also be positioned above the structure and typically span its width, thus occupying the same areas where other work frequently needs to be carried out. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to enable the manufacture of concrete portions projecting laterally from a reference edge of a building structure, particularly overhanging concrete portions, using movable support structures for formwork. These movable support structures employ suspensions that are stable and rigid, ensuring that all loads are transferred and simultaneously allowing the formwork to be positioned anywhere in the longitudinal direction for pouring. Specifically, one object of the present invention is to find a suspension system that eliminates the need for scaffolding structures or spanning the upper part of the structure to attach tension anchors to absorb concrete loads.

[0006] This task is solved at least in part by a suspension head having the features of claim 1 and a template system having the features of independent claim 11. Preferred embodiments of the invention and advantageous further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0007] One aspect of the invention is a suspension head for movably guiding a support track for a support structure used for formwork, particularly in the form of a bottom-moving formwork bracket for pouring concrete portions, particularly overhanging portions, that project laterally from a reference edge of a building structure. The suspension head is configured to be detachably fixed to one of a plurality of retaining elements spaced apart along the reference edge of the building structure in a longitudinal direction, such that the loads of the support structure transmitted to the suspension head via the support track, particularly its own weight and the concrete load of the formwork, can be introduced into the building structure via the suspension head and the retaining elements. The suspension head is also configured to movably guide the support track in a longitudinal direction when the support track is being guided. According to the invention, a support arm extends from the frame of the suspension head and is configured to support itself against the wall of the building structure when the suspension head is fixed to one of the retaining elements.

[0008] In the context of this invention, "movable" can be understood to mean all types of sliding or movement; in particular, it refers to linear movement along a reference edge. It should be understood that in practice, portions of the template bracket can perform several functions and can also structurally overlap. For example, templates (such as template panels) can be configured such that they also contribute to load-bearing capacity, especially when they are securely screwed to the frame. Support rails can be securely welded to the frame or screwed to the frame via connecting elements. For the purposes of this invention, support rails should be understood as part of the support structure. However, in the sense of this invention, only the portion of the support structure or rail-like component located within the guide space should be understood as a support rail. The wall of the structure upon which the support arm rests can be any wall, particularly a side surface. Structural support is preferably located below the suspension head, but support in other areas can also be considered, provided it is effectively absorbed around the contact area of ​​the suspension head. This is the case, for example, if the direction of the support force transmitted to the frame of the suspension head via the support arm extends below the contact area, or if the support torque that counteracts the load torque is transmitted to the frame of the suspension head.

[0009] Using the suspension head support according to the invention, the torque introduced into the suspension head from the support rail can be absorbed at the contact point, contact line, contact surface, or contact area, where the suspension head is adjacent to or indirectly supported by the building structure, and the load on the fastening elements, retaining elements, and frame can be reduced. This means that even under high loads during pouring, the torsion of the system consisting of the suspension head and support rail is very low or negligible, and the position of the formwork can be maintained with high precision. This means that external support structures, i.e., additional structures (such as tie rods) supporting from the construction site (especially from above), permanently installed on the structure to specifically absorb concrete loads, can be eliminated. This results in a significant reduction in the equipment, work equipment, manpower, and working time required for preparing the construction site and for scaffolding and formwork conversion as construction progresses.

[0010] This invention is advantageously applicable to concrete construction on slender structures, such as bridges. Typically, there is a slender structure, such as a steel channel supported by columns. The central portion of the road is then poured on top of the central portion, and the laterally projecting portions of the road are poured subsequently or simultaneously with the central portion. Suspension heads are typically screwed to one edge of the channel or suspended by supports. The supports can be screwed or welded to the steel channel along a reference edge; they can be removed after pouring, provided they remain accessible, or left on the structure covered by concrete. The suspension heads are removed after pouring. Because scaffolding or similar structures above the structure are eliminated, the top of the structure is free, and work can continue there without interruption.

[0011] It should be noted that the structure can also have other shapes and construction methods. For example, the structure along which the reference edge runs and to which the suspension head is attached can also be a solid concrete structure. The application of the invention is not limited to bridges or even slender structures. For example, balconies on buildings can be cast in a similar manner. It is not mandatory for the concrete portion to protrude; rather, the invention is also applicable to situations where concrete components spanning two transverse structures are cast. In such cases, the supporting structure can be suspended from the two transverse structures by means of a track guided in the suspension head according to the invention.

[0012] In some embodiments, the support arm may have a contact element with a contact surface for contacting the wall, thereby allowing the position of the contact element in space relative to the frame to be adjustable. This allows the suspension head to be adapted to different structural conditions of building structures with different shapes via the support arm, particularly different geometric positions of the walls within the building structure. In its simplest form, the contact element may be a specific area on the support arm that contacts the wall.

[0013] The support element is capable of pivoting freely within a certain angular range about a pivot axis at the end of the support arm furthest from the frame, and the position of the pivot axis relative to the frame in space is adjustable. This is particularly adaptable to different orientations of walls in a building structure.

[0014] In some embodiments, the support arm is pivotable about a pivot axis on the frame, thereby allowing the strut to be hingedly connected between the frame and the end of the support arm remote from the frame. Such a strut can be used to generate support via triangular compartments, where only or substantially only longitudinal forces are introduced into the support arm and strut. Such support is particularly stable.

[0015] The support arms and / or struts can have adjustable lengths between their respective hinge axes. This also allows for adjustment of the position of the contact elements or contact points on the walls of the building structure.

[0016] This can be achieved, for example, by a threaded strut, the thread extending through a connecting member at the end of the support arm away from the frame, and an adjusting nut being screwed onto the side of the connecting member away from the frame, such that the connecting member can be supported by the nut, thereby preferably providing a torsion lock to secure the nut in the adjusted position.

[0017] Alternatively, the length can be adjusted by providing a clamping element and two threaded elements for the strut, each of which has a support head at one end and a thread at the other end. The clamping element has a central portion and two mating threads extending axially from the central portion to opposite ends of the clamping element. The threads of the two threaded elements are configured to extend in opposite directions, and the mating threads of the clamping element are configured to extend in opposite directions and match the threads of the threaded elements. Preferably, the threads of the threaded elements are external threads and the mating threads of the clamping elements are internal threads. The clamping element preferably has a drive element, for example, in the form of a wrench width or a wind rod.

[0018] In some embodiments, the support arm can pivot about a pivot axis on the frame, wherein a pivot path limiting element is provided on the frame to limit the pivot path of the support arm away from the wall, wherein the pivot path limiting element is preferably removable and particularly has bolts or pins that can be attached to or inserted through the frame, and wherein the removable pivot path limiting element can preferably be fixed to the frame by, for example, a fixing element in the form of a pin or stud or a through bolt, and wherein the removable pivot range limiter can preferably be fixed to its position on the frame by a fixing element. This is a simple way to adjust or at least determine the position of the contact element. Multiple fastening options for bolts can be provided on the frame, making multiple pivot positions possible.

[0019] In other embodiments, the support arm is pivotable about a pivot axis on the frame, wherein a pivot lock is provided, the pivot lock having at least one locking hole on the support arm and at least one locking hole on the frame, the at least one locking hole on the support arm and at least one locking hole on the frame being aligned with each other in a predetermined pivot position to jointly receive a locking element, for example, in the form of a bolt or pin. Thus, preferably, at least a plurality of locking holes are arranged on the support arm or the frame, the locking holes being arranged around the pivot axis of the support arm, thereby allowing a removable locking element to be preferably secured in its position on the frame by a fixing element. This means that multiple pivot positions can be achieved and secured.

[0020] In some embodiments, the frame defines a guide space for supporting a track with a C-shaped or claw-shaped inner profile, including an opening for movably connecting the support track to the remainder of the support structure. A first abutment element and a second abutment element are arranged on the portion of the frame facing the guide space such that the first abutment element absorbs the horizontal force component from the support track and the second abutment element absorbs the vertical force component from the support track and transmits it to the frame. Furthermore, when the support track is guided by the suspension head, the first support element abuts a first contact point on the side of the support track opposite to the building structure, the first contact point being further horizontally from the building structure than a second contact point, and the second support element abuts the support track at the second contact point.

[0021] By arranging the adjacent elements on the frame of the suspension head within a single guide space defined by the frame in a C-shape or claw shape, the frame can be constructed to be particularly compact and have particularly high rigidity, and the support rail can also have a particularly compact, advantageously closed cross-section and therefore particularly high rigidity. This further contributes to the overall rigidity of the system.

[0022] The opening allows the connecting element between the support rail and the rest of the support structure (frame) to pass through the suspension head without collision, and is preferably opposite to the building structure. The cross-section of the guide space is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction or perpendicular to the track axis extending parallel to the longitudinal direction. Where it is required that the first adjacent element can absorb the horizontal force component from the support rail and the second adjacent element can absorb the vertical force component from the support rail and dissipate it into the frame, this includes arrangements where the first adjacent element completely absorbs the horizontal force component and the second adjacent element completely absorbs the vertical force component, and arrangements where the first and second adjacent elements are also capable of absorbing another force component in the same or opposite directions. When referring to contact points, this can include designs where each adjacent element has only one contact point on the support rail, and designs where adjacent elements have multiple contact points on the support rail, these contact points being distributed or continuously extended along a line or part of the surface or the entire surface of the respective adjacent element. In other words, contact points can also have linear or planar extensions. In such cases, the corresponding center point or center of gravity is decisive for comparing the positions of the contact points. The distance from the building structure is preferably measured from the building structure's center of gravity or area center of gravity, or from the side surface or wall facing the support suspension head or its frame or guide space in the lateral direction, or from a reference edge. The lateral direction corresponds to the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In other words, the distance from the building structure corresponds to the horizontal distance from the suspension head to the surface or outline of the building closest to it in the lateral direction.

[0023] The first and second adjacent elements may, for example, comprise rollers, contact plates, or coatings that abut the support rail when it is guided by the suspension head. These elements may be detachably fixed to the frame for replacement, or they may be permanently fixed for wear-free or low-wear operation. Adjacent elements designed as contact plates may have substantially flat or substantially flat convex surfaces (spherical, with a radius of curvature in each direction greater than or much greater than the maximum surface dimension) or generally raised or recessed contact surfaces. A flat, raised shape ensures a defined contact point that substantially retains its position even when flattened due to pressure deformation or wear. Contact plates may be made of sliding support materials, such as certain plastics, ceramics, sintered metals, etc. Coatings may include sliding layer materials or sacrificial layers. Contact plates or other flat contact elements may also have longitudinally oriented grooves that, for example, prevent adhesion and can also collect dirt generated by wear.

[0024] The force-absorbing directions of the first and second adjacent elements in the cross-sectional plane can form an angle of at least 30°, 40°, 60°, 75°, 90°, and / or at most 150°, 130°, 115°, or 90° with each other. In the case of a flat absorbing element, the force-absorbing direction is defined as perpendicular to the surface; in the case of a roller, the force-absorbing direction is defined as radial. An angle greater than 90° (e.g., about 110°) can be advantageous in order to design an opening in the guide space such that there is sufficient space for the connecting element between the support track and the frame of the support structure when the support structure is moved. In practical design, it will be advantageous to weigh the space gained against the possible increase in load on the adjacent elements and / or the frame of the suspension head. Advantageously, the force-absorbing direction of the first adjacent element is horizontal or deviates from horizontal by a maximum of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, or 45°. The force absorption direction of the second adjacent element can also be vertical or deviate from vertical by a maximum of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40° or 45°.

[0025] Specifically, the frame may have at least a substantially flat side contact surface configured to abut against a side surface of the structure when the contact head is secured to one of the retaining elements. This allows the suspension head to be positioned particularly stably within the structure. The frame may have one or more through-holes and / or at least one elongated hole extending through the side contact surface for tightening and / or alignment with the side surface. This allows for easy attachment of the suspension head, for example, when the retaining element is a simple hole in the building structure or has a simple hole in the building structure.

[0026] Furthermore, the frame may have at least a substantially flat top contact surface configured to abut a downward-facing surface of the building structure when the contact head is secured to one of the retaining elements. This allows the suspension head to be positioned particularly stably against the building structure. The frame may preferably have one or more through-holes and / or at least one through slot extending through the top contact surface for tightening and / or alignment with the downward-facing surface of the building structure. This enables easy attachment of the suspension head, for example, when the retaining element is a simple hole in the building structure or has a simple hole in the building structure.

[0027] Furthermore, the frame may have two preferably parallel side members spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction, each of the side members having at least a substantially vertical inner surface, wherein the inner surfaces of the side members face each other and preferably extend at least substantially parallel to each other. The inner surfaces may define a mounting space between the inner surfaces, the mounting space being accessible from above through a mounting opening, and preferably accessible from below, and / or from a side opposite to the building structure, or from below at an angle, through a processing opening. The side panels may be connected to each other by means of intermediate members such as attached plates, profiles, or tubular portions, or by angled portions in the longitudinal direction. Alternatively, the side panels may also be formed integrally.

[0028] Furthermore, each side member may have a receiving structure arranged on its inner surface, each receiving structure having a downward-facing receiving surface inclined toward the building structure, an inner boundary surface extending downward from the receiving surface, and an outer boundary surface extending downward from the receiving surface, the inner boundary surface being closer to the building structure than the outer boundary surface. A matching mounting wedge may be provided, the mounting wedge having a shape adapted to the receiving structure, having a first wedge surface and a second wedge surface, a narrow end surface connecting the wedge surfaces at a narrowing end, a wide end surface connecting the wedge surfaces at an enlarging end, and two preferably substantially parallel side surfaces, such that the mounting wedge can be supported by the receiving surface via the first wedge surface, while the second wedge surface faces away from the receiving surface, and the narrow end surface may optionally be at least partially supported on the inner or outer boundary surface, while the wide end surface is at least partially supported on the outer or inner boundary surface, and suitably, the side surfaces are held between the inner surfaces of their facing cheeks. A through-hole can extend from the second wedge surface perpendicularly to the first wedge surface, and the mounting opening can be configured such that a bolt guided through the through-hole can extend upward through the mounting opening or in a direction inclined upward toward the structure, wherein the axis of the through-hole preferably extends through a guide space. The bolt can be guided through the through-hole to connect the suspension head to the retaining element. Depending on the orientation of the narrow and wide end faces, the mounting wedge can allow different orientations of the bolt relative to the frame. In particular, this allows the bolt to extend vertically upward toward the building structure or at an angle upward, for example, generally in the direction of the reference edge.

[0029] A suspension adapter may also be provided, which can be attached to the frame between the cheeks and has a contact element with a contact surface and a through hole extending perpendicularly from the contact surface. The contact element is configured such that a bolt guided from below through the through hole can extend upward through the mounting opening or in an upwardly inclined direction toward the building structure. The axis of the through hole preferably oriented through a guide space. Such a suspension adapter is another possibility for connecting a suspension head to a retaining element.

[0030] The suspension adapter can be connected to or attached to the frame by at least one (preferably two) bolts, particularly threaded bolts, which pass through through holes in the suspension adapter and cheek, the through holes being aligned along corresponding fastening axes, wherein preferably at least two fastening axes are provided. This prevents the suspension adapter from being lost and makes it easier and faster to move the suspension adapter to another location.

[0031] The suspension adapter has at least one substantially flat side contact surface that protrudes beyond the frame when the suspension adapter is mounted on it, and is configured to abut against a side surface of the building structure when the contact head is secured to one of the retaining elements. This ensures a secure contact with the building structure regardless of the frame shape. Changes in the distance between the suspension head or support rail and the reference edge can be achieved by simply replacing or adjusting the suspension adapter without modifying the frame of the suspension head itself. Therefore, the suspension head can be used more flexibly.

[0032] Multiple suspension adapters may be provided, which can be selectively used with the suspension head, and each suspension adapter has a through hole oriented in a different direction relative to the frame when the respective suspension adapter is mounted on the frame. The suspension adapters may also have different dimensions, i.e., in particular different extensions transverse to the longitudinal direction, to allow different positions of the side contact surfaces relative to the frame.

[0033] The suspension head can be arranged with a support track for a support structure for the formwork, particularly in the form of a downwardly movable formwork bracket. The support track is movably guided by the suspension head for pouring concrete portions that project laterally from a reference edge of the building structure, particularly overhanging concrete portions. It has retaining elements spaced apart from each other on the building structure along the longitudinal direction of the reference edge. The suspension head can be arranged to be detachably fixed to one of the retaining elements and is configured such that the load of the support structure transmitted to the suspension head via the support track can be introduced into the building structure through the suspension head and the retaining elements. The suspension head is constructed according to the above-described inventive concept or one of its embodiments, and the frame of the suspension head surrounds the cross-sectional profile of the support track or at least a guided portion thereof in a C-shape or claw-like manner, such that a first abutting element abuts a first contact point on the side of the support track opposite to the building structure, and a second abutting element abuts a second contact point of the support track. The support track can have a closed cross-section.

[0034] Another aspect of the invention is a template system comprising a template, retaining elements, and a plurality of suspension heads. The template has a support structure, particularly in the form of a downwardly movable template bracket, for pouring concrete portions (particularly overhanging concrete portions) that project laterally from a reference edge of a building structure. A support track is on or part of the support structure. The retaining elements are arranged on the building structure at a distance from each other in the longitudinal direction of the reference edge. The plurality of suspension heads are used to movably guide the support track. Each suspension head is arranged and configured to be detachably fixed to one of the retaining elements, such that loads from the support structure transmitted to the suspension heads via the support track can be introduced into the building structure via the suspension heads and retaining elements. Each suspension head is constructed according to the above-described inventive concept or one of its embodiments, and a support arm is supported on the wall of the building structure, such that torques acting around the contact area of ​​the suspension heads on the building structure can be at least partially transmitted to the building structure via the support arm.

[0035] This aspect of the invention achieves the aforementioned advantages of the suspension heads through the arrangement of the support structure (particularly the formwork bracket), wherein the support rods are guided in multiple suspension heads. In other words, this aspect of the invention relates to an established building site. To understand these features, refer to the above description of the first aspect of the invention.

[0036] In some embodiments, the retaining element may have holes for flange-attaching the suspension head by means of a screw bolt and / or for aligning the suspension head by means of a pin, wherein these holes are preferably provided on the underside and / or side surface of the building structure.

[0037] In some embodiments, the retaining element may have a support portion attached to the upper side of the building structure, wherein the retaining element has a fastening leg and a retaining leg, the fastening leg for fastening the retaining element to the upper side of the building structure, and the retaining leg having a retaining hole for retaining the suspension head by means of a retaining bolt, wherein, when the suspension head is attached to the structure, the retaining hole and the hole on the suspension head for attaching the retaining bolt are substantially aligned with each other. In this case, when the suspension head is in the attached state, the angle of the retaining bolt relative to the horizontal plane may preferably be 45°, with an upward or downward deviation of at most 1°, 2°, 3°, 5°, 10°, 15°, or 20°.

[0038] In some embodiments, the support structure may have side supports below the support rail, which laterally support the support structure against the wall of the building structure to transfer the torque acting around the support rail into the building structure. More precisely, the torque is transferred by a pair of forces consisting of a compressive force at the contact point of the side supports and a tensile force on the support rail. Advantageously, the distance between the side supports and the support rail is chosen to be as large as allowed by the structural conditions.

[0039] In some embodiments, the elements of the formwork system and the number of suspension heads per unit length of the formwork can be configured to transfer the load of the supporting structure to the building structure in a self-supporting manner, particularly when there is no additional supporting structure (e.g., tie rods) between the supporting scaffold attached to the building structure and the supporting structure, allowing the formwork to be positioned at any point in the longitudinal direction to enable the pouring of concrete portions. Design criteria include, for example, the material thickness and moment of inertia of the suspension heads, retaining elements, and connecting elements; the rod lengths of the support arms on the suspension heads and the side supports on the formwork; the design load of the contact elements; and the stiffness of the support rails.

[0040] It should be understood that all the above embodiments can be combined with each other, as long as they are not necessarily and obviously mutually exclusive, and such combinations are another embodiment of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The invention will be described in detail with reference to selected embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0042] Figure 1A building with a template system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view.

[0043] Figure 2 by Figure 1 An enlarged schematic side view of detail II in the diagram shows... Figure 1 The arrangement of support rails and suspension heads in the template system.

[0044] Figures 3A-3C A suspension head according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in two perspective views and a side view.

[0045] Figure 4A and Figure 4B Two perspective views illustrate a suspension head according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0046] Figures 5A-5C The suspension head according to another embodiment of the invention is shown in two perspective views and a detailed perspective view.

[0047] Figure 6 It shows Figures 5A-5C The arrangement of the suspension heads on the building structure.

[0048] Figure 7A and Figure 7B The mounting wedge is shown in two perspective views.

[0049] Figure 8 It shows the basis with Figure 6 The arrangement in the image corresponds to another embodiment in the building structure. Figures 5A-5C The connection between the suspension heads.

[0050] Figure 9 An illustration of a building structure according to another embodiment is shown. Figures 5A-5C The connection between the suspension heads.

[0051] Figure 10 A perspective view shows a support arm for a suspension head according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0052] Figure 11A and Figure 11B Two stereoscopic diagrams illustrate the relationship with Figure 10 A connector used together with the support arm.

[0053] Figure 12 A side view shows another embodiment of the invention with [something from...] Figure 10 The arrangement of the suspension head of the support arm.

[0054] Figures 13A-13D A cross-sectional view, two perspective views, and a detailed perspective view illustrate another embodiment of the invention with...Figure 10 support arm and Figure 11A and Figure 11B The arrangement of the struts and the suspension heads of the connectors.

[0055] Figure 14A and Figure 14B A support arm for a suspension head according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in a three-dimensional overall view and a three-dimensional detailed view.

[0056] Figure 15 A stereoscopic view showing the relationship with... Figure 14A and Figure 14B A strut used in conjunction with a support arm.

[0057] Figure 16A and Figure 16B A suspension adapter according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0058] Figure 17A and Figure 17B Another suspension adapter is shown in another embodiment of the invention.

[0059] Figure 18A and Figure 18B Another suspension adapter is shown in another embodiment of the invention.

[0060] Figures 19A-19D A sectional view, two perspective views, and a detailed sectional view illustrate another embodiment of the invention with [data from...]. Figure 14A and Figure 14B The support arm, with a support from Figure 15 The struts and from Figure 16A and 16B The arrangement of the suspension heads of the suspension adapters.

[0061] Figure 20A and Figure 20B A schematic top view illustrates the template system according to the invention in two displacement positions. Detailed Implementation

[0062] Figure 1 A structure 1 (in this case, an elongated structure in the form of a bridge) of a template system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0063] When constructing slender structures 1 (such as bridges, in particular) using composite steel structures, the steel structure is typically erected first. This steel structure includes a substructure 18 in the form of one or more supports (typically two end supports, and intermediate supports in the form of towers or columns, depending on the span length) and beams or structures 2 spanning the supports in the longitudinal direction of the structure. Structure 2 has a base plate 17 attached to a connecting plate 19 of the substructure 18 by flange or welded connections. Other bridge designs utilize steel cables instead of intermediate columns for suspension; for example, the cables can be anchored to the head plate 3 of the beam. It should be noted that the shape of the substructure 18 is not part of this invention and does not limit the invention. Furthermore, the invention is not specifically limited to bridges or slender components in general.

[0064] In this example, structure 2 also has a head plate 3 and two side walls 15 extending between the bottom plate 18 and the head plate 3. The head plate 3, side walls 15, and bottom plate 17 of structure 2 form a beam or box (also called a channel). The head plate 3 supports a road 5, which is constructed using a concrete casting method and, after the concrete has hardened, is securely anchored to the head plate, for example, by head bolts 4 protruding upwards from the head plate 3. A portion 6 of the road 5 projecting laterally is constructed along a reference edge 2a of structure 2 by means of a template system according to the invention. This can be done after the road 5 has already been completed in the intermediate area, or the road 5 can be constructed at once along with the projecting portion 6. The awning 7 on the outer side of the driveway 5 can be constructed in subsequent work steps, but this is not part of the invention. Although the figures show only one (right side) of the two cantilever portions 6 of the driveway (right side) under construction and the other completed, the invention is not limited thereto, but rather both cantilever portions 6 can be constructed simultaneously using a corresponding template system.

[0065] For descriptive purposes, a coordinate system x, y, z is defined, where z represents the normal direction and runs perpendicular to the lane surface, y represents the width direction and runs parallel to the lane surface, and x runs perpendicular to both y and z, parallel to the lane surface, and represents the longitudinal direction of lane 5. The reference edge 2a generally runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the lane; therefore, for the purposes of describing the invention, it can be assumed that the longitudinal direction of the reference edge 2a coincides with the longitudinal direction x of lane 5. Without considering any inclination of lane 5, the normal direction z is also understood as vertical, and the width direction y and longitudinal direction x are also understood as horizontal. For descriptive purposes, the center plane M is defined as a plane that crosses the geometric center or centroid of structure 2 through the normal direction z and the longitudinal direction x. Furthermore, for descriptive purposes, direction z is defined as positive upwards (pointing away from the lane surface) and negative downwards, and the width direction y is always defined as positive along the direction of the cantilever portion 6 of lane 5 currently cast by the template 8, away from the center plane M of structure 1.

[0066] The formwork system includes a support structure 8 that supports the formwork 10. The support structure 8 moves as the pouring work progresses and is in the form of a formwork bracket (which includes a frame 9, a working platform 11, and support rails 12). In this example, the formwork 10 has two formwork panels 10a and 10b that surround the cantilever portion 6 from below and from the outside. The working platform 11 is required for assembly work and includes a walking board 11a and railings 11b.

[0067] The support structure 8 is suspended from the exterior of the building structure 2 by means of support rails 12. For this purpose, a plurality of suspension heads 13 are provided along a reference edge 2a of the building structure 2, in which the support rails 12 are guided, allowing movement in the longitudinal direction. These suspension heads 13 are all detachably attached to retaining elements (not shown in detail here), which are provided at specified intervals on the beam. The retaining elements can be constructed in different ways, and for example, each retaining element can have a simple arrangement of holes in the building structure 2 for screwing the suspension heads 13 onto the building structure 2, and / or screwed, riveted, or welded profiles (such as angle profiles) or specific shapes (such as undercut structures). This arrangement ensures that the concrete load of the formwork 8 transmitted to the suspension heads 13 via the support rails 12 can be introduced into the structure 2 of the building 1 via the retaining elements.

[0068] The suspension head 13 can also be supported by the support arm 14 against the wall 15a, which in this example is the side surface of the side wall 15 of the profile 2. The support arm is attached to or hinged to the suspension head 13 and is supported by the wall 16.

[0069] The support structure 8 can be supported by one or more side support devices 16 abutting against the side surface 16a of the side wall 16. The side support devices 16 are attached to the lowest possible point of the frame 9 so as to transfer the moment acting around the support rail 12 into the beam 2 by a pair of forces consisting of the tension on the support rail 12 and the compressive force on the side support device 16, using the longest possible lever arm to limit the force value. The side support devices 16 can be attached to the formwork and move with the formwork.

[0070] Figure 2 A schematic side view (i.e., viewed in the longitudinal direction x) is shown. Figure 1 The arrangement of the support rails 12 and the suspension heads 13 in the template system.

[0071] like Figure 2As schematically shown, the suspension head 13 has a frame 21 with or defining a guide space 23 for supporting the track 12, an inner profile 22 with a C-shaped or claw-shaped cross-section, and an opening 24, which preferably faces away from the building structure. The opening 24 is used to connect the support track 12 to the rest of the supporting structure, schematically shown here by frame 9, and to the support track via a track connecting element 20. The opening 24 ensures that the track connecting element 20 does not collide with the suspension head and therefore does not interfere with movement. This allows the frame 21 to grip the cross-sectional profile of the support track 12 in a C-shaped or claw-like manner. Since the direction of movement of the template 8 always extends parallel to the longitudinal direction x and corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the support track 12, the cross-sectional profile of the support track 12 is always perpendicular to the longitudinal direction x.

[0072] To guide the support rail 12 within the guide space 23, a first abutment element 25 and a second abutment element 26 are respectively arranged on the inner side of the frame 21 facing the support rail 12 and the guide space 23, with the second abutment element 26 offset from the first abutment element 25 in the cross-sectional plane. This arrangement is chosen such that the first abutment element 25 can absorb the horizontal force component from the support rail 12, and the second abutment element 26 can absorb the vertical force component from the support rail 12 and transfer it to the frame. The first support element 25 rests against a first contact point 25a on the side of the support rail 12 facing away from the building structure 2, and the second support element 26 rests against a second contact point 26a, such that the first contact point 25a is farther from the building structure 2 in the horizontal direction y than the second contact point 26a. The contact points 25a and 26a can also be designed to be linear or flat.

[0073] In this embodiment, the suspension head 13 abuts against the side surface 2b of the building structure 2 with the side contact surface 21b of the frame 21, while the top contact surface 21a of the frame 21 is free. The side contact surface 21b extends downward from the reference edge 2a and points to a downward-facing surface adjacent to the suspension head 13. If a force is transmitted to the suspension head 13 via the support rail 12, the suspension head experiences a tilting moment around the edge between the side contact surface 21b and the downward-facing surface 2c. This tilting moment can be absorbed and transmitted at least partially via (not shown in detail here) retaining elements (threaded or anchored to a corresponding support, for example, attached along the reference edge 2a to the upper side 2d of the structure 2).

[0074] To support the suspension head 13, this example also provides a support arm 14 with a pivot rod 27 mounted to the frame 21 such that it can pivot about a pivot 27a, whereby this pivoting position can be secured by a bolt 29 (e.g., a pin) engaged in one of several stops 28 (e.g., holes). In principle, one stop 28 is sufficient, but several stops 28 expand the possible applications. The support arm 14, in the form of the pivot rod 27, abuts the wall 15 of the building structure 2 at its free end 27b to at least partially transfer tilting moments to the building structure 2. Within the sense of the invention, the free end 27b forms the contact element of the support arm 14.

[0075] Figures 3A-3C An embodiment of the suspension head 13 is shown in two perspective views and one side view.

[0076] In this embodiment, the frame 21 of the suspension head 13 has two cheeks 30, 30' spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction x. In this embodiment, the cheeks 30, 30' are made of plate-shaped metal with several bends. Each cheek 30, 30' has an inner surface 30a formed by the main portion of the metal plate. An upper tab 30b and a rear tab 30c are each folded from the inner surface 30a, wherein the upper tab 30b has a top contact surface 21a and the rear tab 30c has a side contact surface 21b. Another tab 30d is folded below the upper tab 30b. In this document, the terms "rear" and "front" refer to the width direction y of the structure 2 (not shown here) to which the suspension head will be attached, the term "side" refers to the longitudinal direction, and the term "inner side" refers to the space between the cheeks 30, 30'.

[0077] Side plates 30, 30' are longitudinally connected to each other via connecting plates 31, 32, 33 and stop plates 34, 35. Connecting plates 31, 32, 33, together with an additional tab 30d, form an inner contour 22 defining a guide space. Support plate 36 is mounted to connecting plates 32, 33 as a first abutment element 25 and a second abutment element 26. Support plate 36 may be screwed and / or pinned into holes 37. The corresponding force-absorbing directions 38, 38' of support plate 36 are perpendicular to the surface of support plate 36 facing the guide space 23; for the purposes of this invention, these surfaces should be understood as flat contact points. Force-absorbing directions 38, 38' form an angle α with each other, which in this example is approximately 110°. The force absorption direction 38 is inclined at approximately 10° relative to the horizontal direction, and the force absorption direction 38' is inclined at approximately 10° relative to the vertical direction, such that the first support element 25 can absorb not only the horizontal force component pointing away from the structure 2, but also the second adjacent element 26 can absorb not only the downward vertical force component, but also a portion of the horizontal force component pointing towards the structure 2. The support plates 36 have longitudinal grooves 39 on their respective surfaces, which can, for example, absorb embedded dirt particles and / or serve as channels for lubricants. Stop plates 34, 35 are arranged approximately at right angles to the connecting plates 32, 33 that support the adjacent elements 25, 26, each stop plate 34, 35 protruding beyond the edges of the connecting plates 32, 33 and forming a stop for the adjacent elements 25, 26.

[0078] Figure 4A and Figure 4B Another embodiment of the suspension head 13 is shown in two perspective views and a side view.

[0079] This embodiment is a variation of the previous embodiment, and the differences between them are described below. However, features of the previous embodiment may also exist, and further explanations are also applicable to this embodiment, unless obviously excluded due to differences.

[0080] In this embodiment, the side plates 30, 30' of frame 21 are also formed of corresponding metal plates, but no tabs are bent except for the upper tab 30b. Instead of the rear flange, the side contact plates 40, 40' defining the side contact surface 21b are attached (e.g., welded to) the side members 30, 30'. To connect the side members 30, 30' in the longitudinal direction, a cut-out tube portion 41 is provided here, which forms a strut by means of a bend 41a, corresponding to the connecting plate 32 of the previous embodiment.

[0081] Two pairs of parallel, spaced-apart support plates 42, 43, 42', 43' are attached to cheeks 30, 30', which also helps to connect, support, and reinforce cheeks 30, 30' in the longitudinal direction. Rollers 44 are arranged in each space between support plates 42, 43, 42', 43' and are mounted on support plates 42, 43, 42', 43' by means of support shafts 45, which are implemented here, for example, with screws and nuts. Each support shaft 45 is oriented in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction x and is positioned such that the rollers form contact points with the support shafts received in the guide space 23.

[0082] Figures 5A-5C Another embodiment of the suspension head 13 is shown in two perspective views and a detailed perspective view.

[0083] This embodiment is Figures 3A-3C Variations of the embodiments shown are described below, and the differences between them will be described below, but features of the reference embodiments may also exist and further explanations also apply to this embodiment, unless obviously excluded due to differences.

[0084] In this embodiment, the side members 30, 30' of frame 21 are formed of corresponding plates. The side members 30, 30' are connected in the longitudinal direction by a rear connecting plate 50 defining a side contact surface 21b, an upper connecting plate 51 defining a top contact surface 21a, and two support plates 52, 52' for each load-bearing support plate 53. A stop plate 55 is mounted on the side contact surface 21b of the rear connecting plate 50. When the mounting head is mounted on the building structure 2, the stop plate 55 can serve as a height stop for the mounting head 13 on the downward-facing surface 2c of the building structure 2 (see [link]). Figure 2 ).

[0085] In this embodiment, the support plates 53 and 53' are designed without longitudinal grooves, but have flat convex surfaces 56, the highest point of which is located at the center 57 of the surface 56 and forms corresponding force application points 25a (not visible here) and 26a. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the support elements 25 and 26 are each arranged in a completely horizontal or vertical force absorption direction.

[0086] The upper connecting plate 51 has a mounting opening 58 that allows access from above to the internal space between the inner surfaces 30a of the side plates 30, 30'. Within the internal space between the inner surfaces 30a of the side members 30, 30' (which will also be referred to below as mounting space 54), a receiving structure 69 is formed on each inner surface 30a of each side member 30, 30', as will be explained in more detail below.

[0087] Figure 6The arrangement of the suspension head 13 on the building structure 2 according to the embodiment described last is shown. In the case shown, the suspension head 13 is on the downward-facing surface 2c of the structure 2 (see also...). Figure 8 The bolt 60 protrudes downwards and is attached to the building structure 2 by means of a bolt 60 and an associated nut 62, the nut 62 being adjacent to the upper side 2d of the building structure 2. The bolt 60 protrudes upwards through the mounting opening 58, thereby allowing its head 61 to be accessed from below or diagonally below in the mounting space 54 through the opening between cheeks 30, 30'. In this embodiment, a mounting wedge 70 (explained in more detail below) is used to align and support the bolt 60 in the mounting space 54.

[0088] Figure 7A and Figure 7B The mounting wedge 70 is shown in two perspective views. The mounting wedge 70 has a generally wedge shape, including a first wedge surface 71 and a second wedge surface 72, a narrow end surface 73 connecting the wedge surfaces 71 and 72 at a narrowing end, a wide end surface 74 connecting the wedge surfaces 71 and 72 at a widening end, and two preferably substantially parallel side surfaces 77 and 77'. The wide end surface 74 has a bend that divides it into two part surfaces 75 and 76, but this is optional. A through-hole 78 extends between the wedge surfaces 71 and 72, perpendicular to the second part surface 72 and penetrating the first part surface 71 at an angle deviating from the surface normal. The first wedge surface 71 is substantially flat, while the wedge surface 72 has a visible convex curvature.

[0089] Figure 8 It shows the basis with Figure 6 The arrangement corresponds to the connection between the suspension heads 13 of the last described embodiment on structure 2 in another embodiment. As already mentioned, the suspension head 13, having a top contact surface 21a, rests against the downward-facing surface 2c of structure 2. A bolt 60 protrudes through a through hole 80, which connects the downward-facing surface 2c to the upper side 2d of structure 2, and the through hole 80 is a retaining element in the sense of the invention.

[0090] The receiving structure 59 formed on the corresponding inner surface 30a of the cheeks 30, 30' has a plate-shaped basic structure with a recess on the downward-facing edge surface, wherein, viewed from the assembly space, the recess has a groove-shaped profile, with a downward-facing receiving surface 81 inclined toward the structure 2, an inner boundary surface 82 extending downward from the receiving surface 81, and an outer boundary surface 83 extending downward from the receiving surface 81. The receiving structure 59 and the mounting wedge 70 are adapted to each other in such a way that the mounting wedge 70 can be received between the side surfaces 30a of the two cheeks 30, 30', such that the mounting wedge 70 is supported by a first wedge surface 71 on the corresponding receiving surface 78, while the second wedge surface 72 faces away from the receiving surface 78, and the narrow end surface 73 is supported on the inner boundary surface 82, while the wide end surface 74 (using part of the surface 75 here) is correspondingly supported on the outer boundary surface 83, and the side surfaces 77, 77' are held between the inner surfaces 30a of the cheeks 30, 30' facing each other. Furthermore, the angle between the inclination of the receiving surface 78 and the wedge surfaces 71 and 72 is selected such that the through hole 78 of the mounting wedge 70 is vertical when arranged as described above, so that the suspension head 13 can be arranged on the downward-facing surface 2c of the building structure 2, such that the through hole 78 of the mounting wedge 70 and the through hole 80 of the building structure 2 (used as a retaining element) are aligned with each other, and the bolt 80 can pass through the through holes 78 and 80 and the mounting opening 58 simultaneously to fix the suspension head 13.

[0091] Figure 9 An embodiment is shown. Figures 5A-5C The connection between the suspension head and the structure. In this embodiment, the suspension head 13 abuts against the side surface 2b of the building structure 2 using its side contact surface 21b, and the stop plate 55 abuts against the downward-facing surface 2c of the building structure 2 using its upper side.

[0092] In this configuration, the retaining element is formed by a support portion 90, which has a fastening leg 91 for fastening to the upper surface 2d of the building structure 2 and a retaining leg 92 with a retaining hole 94. The retaining hole 94 has an axial direction inclined about the retaining leg 92 and extends beyond the reference edge 2a, such that a retaining bolt 95 passing through the retaining hole 94 can be arranged beyond the reference edge 2a. One or more reinforcing ribs 93 may extend between the fastening leg 91 and the retaining leg 92. The retaining leg 92 may be welded to the upper side 2d of the structure 2, but may also have a fastening hole 97 for screwing onto the structure 2 if welding is not possible at that point.

[0093] For this fastening situation, the same mounting wedge 70 can be used, but it is now arranged in the opposite manner on the receiving structure 59. That is, in such a way that, as described above, it is supported on the corresponding receiving surface 78 by the first wedge surface 71, while the second wedge surface 72 points away from the receiving surface 78. However, contrary to the previous case, the narrow end surface 73 is supported on the outer boundary surface 83, while the wide end surface 74 is correspondingly supported on the inner boundary surface 82. The inclination of the fastening leg 92 of the support 90 and its distance from the reference edge 2a, as well as the height of the retaining hole 94, are selected such that the through hole 78 of the mounting wedge 70 is aligned with the retaining hole 94 of the support 90 when arranged as described above and the suspension head 13 is arranged as described above on the building structure 2, so that the retaining bolt 95 can pass through the through hole 78, the retaining hole 94, and the mounting opening 58 to secure the suspension head 13.

[0094] Keep bolt 95 tightened with nut 96, and keep the head of bolt 90 accessible from below at an angle in the mounting space 54.

[0095] Figure 10 An embodiment of a support arm 14 for supporting a suspension head 13 on a wall 15a of a building structure 2 is shown. The support arm 14 has a pivot rod 100 and a contact element 101 with a contact surface 102. In this example, the pivot rod 100 is designed with a U-shaped profile, having two side webs 100a, 100b and a connecting web 100c. The contact element 101 is pivotally connected to the pivot rod 100 by a drive shaft 103, which in this example is designed as a hollow shaft or tube portion. A twist lock 104 is rotatably arranged on the drive shaft 103 between the side webs 100a, 100b. The drive shaft 103 is secured to the pivot rod 100 by a locking pin 105. The pivot rod 100 has mutually aligned support bores 106 at each side web 100a, 100b. Furthermore, notches 107 are formed on the free longitudinal edges of each side web 100a, 100b. The drive shaft 103 has a radial through hole 109, and the anti-rotation device 104 has a recess 108, which can be aligned or dealigned with the through hole 109 by rotating the anti-rotation device 104 on the drive shaft 103.

[0096] Figure 12 A side view illustrates a possible application of a support arm 14 with a pivot rod 100 as another embodiment. Here, the suspension head 13 is mounted close to a side wall 15, the outer surface of which forms a wall 15a. Specifically, the suspension head 13 is arranged such that its side contact surface 21b is directly adjacent to and screwed onto the side wall. In this case, according to… Figures 5A-5C The embodiment shown is a suspension head 13, but it can also be a suspension head 13 in any other embodiment.

[0097] Here, the pivot 100 is pivotally mounted to a pivot 120, which is disposed on the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. The pivot 120 may be a bolt guided through a hole in the frame 21. The connecting web 100c faces the building structure 2, and the recess 107 faces away from the building structure 2. The frame 21 is also provided with a hole 122 that can accommodate a bolt 121, which can engage with the pivot 100 (particularly in the recess 107) to limit the pivoting path of the pivot 100 away from the wall 15a. An abutment element 101 is positioned at the free end of the pivot 100 such that an abutment surface 102 abuts the wall 15a. The dimensions of these components are chosen such that when the abutment surface 102 abuts the wall 15a, the recess 107 abuts the bolt 121. In this manner, the tilting moment of the suspension head 13 can be transmitted to the pivot rod 100 via the bolt 121, from the pivot rod 100 to the adjacent element 101 via the connecting shaft 103, and from the contact surface 102 of the support element 101 to the wall 15a, thereby transmitting to the structure 2.

[0098] Figures 13A-13D Another application of the support arm 14 with pivot 100, as another embodiment, is shown in a sectional view, two perspective views, and a detailed perspective view. Here, the suspension head 13 is attached to the building structure 2 in a manner that the side wall 15 of the building structure 2 (the outer surface of the side wall 15 forms a wall 15a) is retracted from the suspension head 13. In particular, the suspension head 13 is arranged such that its side contact surface 21b is adjacent to the side surface 2b below the reference edge 2a. Furthermore, according to Figures 5A-5C Implementation examples, according to Figure 9 The arrangement shows a suspension head 13, but it can also be a suspension head 13 in any other embodiment of any arrangement.

[0099] For use in this configuration, the pivot rod 100 is used in conjunction with the strut 130, which is pivotally mounted to the frame 21 via a coupling 110 and secured at its end away from the frame 21 to a joint connection formed by a coupling shaft 103. This creates a three-joint support, in which the pivot rod 100 absorbs only compressive forces and the strut absorbs only tensile forces.

[0100] exist Figure 11A and Figure 11BThe two perspective views show the connector 110 in detail. In this embodiment, the connector 110 has a housing 111 with two parallel spaced-apart side plates 112, 112', two parallel spaced-apart connecting plates 113, 113' (the connecting plates 113, 113' connect the side plates 112, 112'), and a support plate 114 (the support plate 114 is arranged between the side plates 112, 112' at one end of the connecting plates 113, 113'), thereby forming a receiving space with an opening towards the support plate 114 between the side plates 112, 112', the connecting plates 113, 113', and the support plate 114. A guide tube 115 is arranged on the side of the support plate 114 opposite to the receiving space, and the hole of the guide tube 115 is aligned with a through hole in the support plate 114. The side plates 112, 112' each have a support hole 116.

[0101] As in Figure 13A As can be seen in the cross-section, the threaded end of the strut 130 extends through the through-holes in the guide tube 115 and the support plate 114 into the receiving space of the coupling 110. The nut 132 is screwed onto the end of the strut 130 and held in the receiving space of the coupling 110 by connecting plates 113, 113', the spacing of which is adapted to the wrench size of the nut 132, so that the nut 132 cannot rotate relative to the coupling. The coupling 110 itself is pivotally mounted to the frame 21 of the application head 13 by means of an engagement shaft 134 (such as a bolt), which is guided through a hole in the frame 21.

[0102] The other end 131 of the strut 130 is guided through the through-hole of the drive shaft 103 and secured by another nut 133. The anti-rotation device 104 can be used in such a way that the recess 108 (width adapted to the wrench size of the nut 133) can be pushed over the opposite wrench surface of the nut 133, thereby securing the nut 133 to prevent rotation. For adjustment, the anti-rotation device 104 can be simply pivoted away from the nut 133.

[0103] The pivot rod 110 of the support arm 114 is mounted to the hole 122 on the frame 21 by means of another pivot 120, and can be secured by means of a cotter pin 135 or another fixing element, as is the case with each pivot, even though this is not shown in detail or is not visible in the drawings.

[0104] By altering the length of the strut 130 using nut 133 and, to a certain extent, nut 132, the pivot angle of the pivot rod 100 can be changed, thus altering the position of the contact element 101 relative to the frame 21. Therefore, the contact element 101 can be positioned such that the contact surface 102 abuts against the wall 15a. In this way, the tilting moment of the suspension head 13 can be transmitted to the wall 15a via the compressive force in the pivot rod 100 and the tensile force in the strut 130, and thus the contact force transmitted to the contact surface 102 of the contact element 101, and consequently to the building structure 2.

[0105] Figure 14A and Figure 14B Another embodiment of the support arm 14, having a pivot rod 140 and a contact element 141, is shown in overall and detailed perspective views. The pivot rod 140 is designed similarly to the pivot rod 100 of the previous embodiment. The contact element 141 is designed similarly to the contact element 101 of the previous embodiment, having the same contact surface 142 as the previous embodiment, and is pivotally mounted to the free end of the pivot rod 140. In this embodiment, the pivotal support of the contact element 101 is achieved by means of a pivot 143 designed as a bolt, which is fixed to the pivot rod 140 by a cotter pin 144.

[0106] Figure 14B It is shown that the gap between the contact surface 142 and the wall (not shown in detail here) can also be compensated by the gasket 146.

[0107] Figure 15 The perspective view shows an alternative design strut 150, which is particularly suitable for use with a support arm 14 having the aforementioned pivot 140.

[0108] The strut 150 of this embodiment has two couplings 151 and 151' and a clamping member 152. Each coupling 151 and 151' has a support head 155, one end of which has a support eye 156, and the other end has threaded portions 157 and 157'. The clamping member has a central portion 153 and two mating threaded portions 154 and 154' extending axially from the central portion 153 toward opposite ends of the clamping member 152. The threads of the threaded portions 157 and 157' of the two couplings 151 and 151' are configured to face each other, and the mating threads of the mating threaded portions 157 and 157' of the clamping member 152 are also facing each other and are each designed to mate with the threads of the threaded portions 157 and 157' of the couplings 151 and 151'. In the example shown, the threaded portions 157 and 157' of the couplings 151 and 151' are external threads, and the mating threaded portions 154 and 154' of the clamping member 152 are internal threads. In this way, when the couplings 151 and 151' are held in a rotationally fixed manner, the length of the strut 150 can be changed by rotating the intermediate portion 152. For this purpose, the clamping member 152 is arranged with a drive element, for example, in the form of a winding rod 158. Alternatively, the drive element can also be designed to be wrench-sized. The support eye 156 is advantageously adapted to the diameter of the pivot 143 between the pivot rod 140 and the contact element 141.

[0109] The application of the support arm 14 with the pivot rod 141 and the strut 150 is as follows: Figures 19A-19D As shown in the image. Figure 19A The cross-sections of the corresponding external threads 196, 196' of the threaded portions 157, 157' of the couplings 151, 151' and the internal threads 195, 195' of the mating threaded portions 145, 145' of the clamping member 152 are also shown. The arrangement and operating mode of the connecting rods of the pivot rod 140 and the strut 150, realized by the coupling shafts 197, 198, 199, are also shown. Figures 13A-13D Corresponding to the embodiments shown, in this respect Figures 13A-13D For reference. Connecting pin 199 and... Figure 14A Corresponding to the engagement pin 143, and advantageously, all engagement pins 197, 198, and 199 are formed by similar bolts with the same shaft diameter, so that they can be easily replaced without the risk of confusion.

[0110] according to Figures 19A-19D The arrangement also includes an improved connection between the suspension head 13 and the structure 2. For this purpose, a suspension adapter 160 is used, which... Figure 16A and Figure 16BThe following two perspective views illustrate this in more detail. It comprises several frame elements 161, 162, and 163 (in the form of flat or three-dimensionally shaped metal sheet components), one of which has a side contact surface 163a. ​​A support hole 164 is provided to receive a support bolt 192 for fastening to a hole in the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. Furthermore, a fastening hole 165 is provided for fastening, for example, a spacer or other spacer element to the area of ​​the contact surface 163a. ​​Finally, a through hole 166 is provided to receive a retaining bolt 190, which is connected to a support portion 90 attached to the upper side 2d of the structure 2 by means of a retaining nut 191. For this purpose, the through hole 166 is configured to align with an inclined axial orientation. Two through holes 166 are provided in two spaced portions of the frame elements 161 and 162, such that the retaining bolt 190 is also laterally oriented therein. Through this suspension adapter, the side contact surface 163a can be adjacent to the side surface 2b of the structure 2.

[0111] exist Figure 17A and Figure 17B Two perspective views illustrate an alternative form of the suspension adapter 170. This suspension adapter has a frame 171 formed by two parallel, spaced-apart side plates 172, 172' and their connecting plates 173, 174, 175. Support holes 176 are provided to receive support bolts for fastening to holes in the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. Furthermore, through holes 177 are provided to receive retaining bolts, which are connected to a support portion attached to the upper side 2d of the structure 2 by means of a retaining nut. For this purpose, the through holes 177 are configured to be angled so that the retaining bolts can be guided to the support portion at an angle. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to a different configuration.) Figures 3A-3C or Figure 4A , Figure 4B When the suspension adapter 13 shown has corresponding support holes in the cheeks 30, 30', this type of suspension can, for example, be similar to... Figure 9 The layout shown is used.

[0112] exist Figure 18A and Figure 18BTwo perspective views illustrate an alternative form of the suspension adapter 180. This suspension adapter has a frame element 181 in the form of a rectangular tubular member, to which a stop element 182 is attached. Support holes 183 are provided on the opposite walls of the frame element 181 to receive support bolts for fastening to holes in the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. Furthermore, a through hole 184, oriented transversely to the support hole 183, receives bolts for connecting to the downward-facing surface 2c of the building structure 2, and a larger-diameter mounting hole 185 aligned with the through hole 184 is used to attach a mounting tool to the head of the bolt. This allows the bolt head to protrude from the interior of the through hole 184 and allows the bolt shaft to protrude vertically upward from the top mounting surface 21a of the frame 21. Figures 3A-3C or Figure 4A , Figure 4B When the suspension adapter 13 shown has corresponding support holes in the cheeks 30, 30', this type of suspension can, for example, be similar to... Figure 8 The layout shown is used.

[0113] It should be understood that all suspension adapters 160, 170, and 180 are adapted in width to fit the width of the internal space between the cheeks 30 and 30' of the suspension adapter 13.

[0114] Figure 20A and Figure 20B The formwork system of building structure 2 is shown in top view, wherein the support structure 8 consists of a frame 9 in the form of multiple support arm discs 201, each support arm disc 201 being attached to a support rail 12, wherein the support rail 12 is suspended in the longitudinal direction x at multiple suspension points 200 provided on building structure 2, wherein each suspension point 200 corresponds to a holding element with a suspension adapter 13, and the support rail 12 is guided in a movable manner within the suspension adapter. The suspension points 200 are spaced apart from each other by a distance s, and the direction of movement V corresponds to the longitudinal direction x in both the positive and negative directions. Since there is no support structure on building structure 2 that the support structure 8 must be suspended in a fixed position, the support structure 8 with the formwork 10 can be placed in any position along the direction of movement V. For example, the support arm discs 201 do not necessarily have to be aligned with the suspension points 200 at all times; they can also be arranged between the corresponding suspension points and transfer any load (including their own weight and concrete load) to building structure 2 via the above-described structure, which is essential for the present invention.

[0115] The invention has been described above using an example of an elongated structure 1, particularly a bridge with a driveway. However, the invention is equally applicable to any type of structure 1 to which the cantilevered concrete element will be attached using an on-site concrete structure. Structure 1 need not be elongated in the sense of having a particularly large longitudinal dimension compared to other dimensions; rather, it is also elongated in the sense of the invention if structure 1 has a shell edge extending a certain length, such that the formwork 8 can be suspended from the shell structure by a support rail 12 movably guided on the suspension head 13, so that the concrete load can be transferred to the shell structure via the suspension head 13. In this sense, any such structural shell to which the cantilever component is to be attached can be a support 2 in the sense of the invention.

[0116] It should be understood that reference edge 2a is not limited to sharp edges, but can also be rounded or chamfered edges.

[0117] The features of the invention described with reference to the illustrated and / or described embodiments may also exist in other embodiments of the invention, unless otherwise specified or excluded for technical reasons. In all other respects, the subject matter of the invention is defined only by the independent claim or a plurality of independent claims. Additional subject matter may be formed by any combination of the features described herein that are novel compared to the prior art and solve an objective problem in a non-obvious manner, without necessarily requiring other features not necessary to solve the problem, even if such other features exist in the embodiments described herein. Details of the embodiments are considered exemplary and optional unless specifically claimed as independent.

[0118] List of reference numerals

[0119] 1. Structure

[0120] 2. Structure (beams)

[0121] 2a Reference Edge

[0122] 2b side surface

[0123] 2c lower surface

[0124] 2D top surface

[0125] 3. Headplate

[0126] 4 Head bolts

[0127] 5 guide rails

[0128] 6. Highlighted parts

[0129] 7. Brim hat

[0130] 8 Support structure formwork bracket

[0131] 9 Frameworks

[0132] 10 Templates

[0133] Template panels 10a and 10b

[0134] 11 Work Platform

[0135] 11a Walking board

[0136] 11b Railing

[0137] 12 Support rails

[0138] 13 Suspension Head

[0139] 14 Support Arm

[0140] 15 Sidewalls

[0141] 15a Side surface (wall)

[0142] 16 Side support devices

[0143] 17. Base plate (flange plate)

[0144] 18. Bottom frame (support)

[0145] 19 Connecting plate (flange plate)

[0146] 20 Track connecting elements

[0147] 21 Framework

[0148] 21a Top contact surface

[0149] 21b Side contact surface

[0150] 22 Inner contour

[0151] 23 Guiding Space

[0152] 24 Opening

[0153] 25 First Adjacent Element

[0154] 25a First contact point (line, surface)

[0155] 26 Second Adjacent Element

[0156] 26a First contact point (line, surface)

[0157] 27 Pivot rod

[0158] 27a Pivot

[0159] 27b Free end (contact element)

[0160] 28. Stop (hole)

[0161] 29. Latch (pin)

[0162] 30, 30' Cheek

[0163] 30a Inner Surface

[0164] 30b upper wing

[0165] 30C rear wing

[0166] 30d Attached Wing

[0167] 31, 32, 33 Connecting plates

[0168] 34, 35 Stop plates

[0169] 36 Support Plates

[0170] 37 holes

[0171] 38, 38' Direction of force

[0172] 39 Longitudinal groove

[0173] 40' and 40' side contact plates

[0174] 41 Pipe section

[0175] 42, 43, 42', 43' Support plates

[0176] 44 rolls

[0177] 45 Support shaft

[0178] 50 rear connecting plate

[0179] 51 Upper connecting plate

[0180] 52' and 52' support plates

[0181] 53 Support Plate

[0182] 54 Assembly space

[0183] 55 Stop plate

[0184] 56 Surface

[0185] 57. Center point

[0186] 58 Installation opening

[0187] 59 Installation Structure

[0188] 60 threaded bolt

[0189] 61 Head

[0190] 62 nuts

[0191] 70 Installation wedge

[0192] 71 First wedge surface

[0193] 72 Second wedge surface

[0194] 73 Narrow end surface

[0195] 74 Wide-end surface

[0196] Surfaces 75 and 76

[0197] 77' and 77' side surfaces

[0198] 78 Through Hole

[0199] 80 Through Hole (Retaining Element)

[0200] 81 Receiving Surface

[0201] 82 Inner boundary surface

[0202] 83 Outer boundary surface

[0203] 90 Support section

[0204] 91 Fastening support section

[0205] 92. Maintain support.

[0206] 93 Reinforcing Ribs

[0207] 94 Retaining Hole

[0208] 95 Retaining bolts

[0209] 96 nuts

[0210] 97 mounting holes

[0211] 100 Pivot

[0212] 100a, 100b side bars

[0213] 100c connecting rod

[0214] 101 Contact element

[0215] 102 Contact Surface

[0216] 103 Drive Shaft

[0217] 104 Anti-rotation device

[0218] 105 Safety Pin

[0219] 106 Support Hole

[0220] 107 Notch

[0221] 108 concavity

[0222] 109 Through Hole

[0223] 110 Connector

[0224] 111 Shell

[0225] 112' side panels

[0226] 113, 113' connecting plate

[0227] 114 Support Plate

[0228] 115 guide tube

[0229] 116 Support Hole

[0230] 120 Pivot

[0231] 121 Bolt (Pivot Range Limiter)

[0232] 122 holes

[0233] 130 strut

[0234] 131 end

[0235] Nuts 132 and 133

[0236] 134 Pivot

[0237] 135 Cotter pin (fixing element)

[0238] 140 Pivot

[0239] 141 Contact element

[0240] 142 Contact Surface

[0241] 143 Pivot

[0242] 144 Cotter pin (fixing element)

[0243] 146 Balance

[0244] 150 strut

[0245] 151, 151' joint

[0246] 152 Clamping parts

[0247] 153 Middle Section

[0248] 154, 154' mating threaded portion

[0249] 155 support head

[0250] 156 Support Eye

[0251] 157, 157' threaded portion

[0252] 160 suspension adapter

[0253] Frame components 161, 162, and 163

[0254] 163a Side mounting surface

[0255] 164 Support Holes

[0256] 165 Fastening Hole

[0257] 166 through hole

[0258] 170 suspension adapter

[0259] 171 Framework

[0260] 172' and 172' side panels

[0261] Connecting plates 173, 174, and 175

[0262] 176 Support Hole

[0263] 177 Through Hole

[0264] 180 suspension adapter

[0265] 181 Frame Components

[0266] 182 Stopping element

[0267] 183 Support Hole

[0268] 184 through hole

[0269] 185 mounting holes

[0270] 190 retaining bolt

[0271] 191 Retaining nut

[0272] 192 Support Bolts

[0273] 195, 195' internal thread

[0274] 196, 106 external threads

[0275] 197, 198, 199 Connecting shafts

[0276] 200 suspension points

[0277] 201 Cantilever Disc

[0278] A support shaft

[0279] M center plane

[0280] V is the direction of travel.

[0281] s distance

[0282] x Vertical direction

[0283] y-width direction

[0284] z Normal direction

[0285] α is the angle between the directions of the applied forces.

[0286] The above list is part of the instruction manual.

Claims

1. A suspension head (13) for movably guiding a support track (12) of a support structure (8) for a formwork (10), the support structure (8) being particularly in the form of a bottom-moving formwork bracket for pouring concrete portions, particularly overhanging portions, protruding laterally from a reference edge (2a) of a building structure (2), wherein a retaining element is disposed on the building structure (2) along the longitudinal direction (x) of the reference edge (2a), wherein, The suspension head (13) is configured to be detachably fixed to one of the retaining elements, such that the loads transmitted by the support structure (8) to the suspension head (13) via the support rail (12), particularly its own weight and the concrete load of the formwork (10), can be introduced into the structure (2) via the suspension head (13) and the retaining elements, wherein the suspension head (13) is further configured to guide the support rail (12) in the longitudinal direction (x), and wherein the support arm (14) extends from the frame (21) of the suspension head (13) and is configured to abut against the wall (15a), particularly the side surface, of the building structure (2) when the suspension head (13) is fixed to one of the retaining elements.

2. The suspension head (13) according to claim 1, wherein, The support arm (14) includes contact elements (27b; 101; 141) having contact surfaces for contacting the wall (15a), wherein the position of the contact elements (27b; 101; 141) in space relative to the frame (21) is adjustable.

3. The suspension head (13) according to claim 2, wherein, The contact element (101; 141) is pivotable at least within a certain angular range about the pivot axis at the end of the support arm (14) away from the frame (21), and the position of the pivot axis in space relative to the frame (21) is adjustable.

4. The suspension head (13) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The support arm (14) is pivotable about a pivot axis on the frame (21), wherein the struts (130; 150) are hinged between the frame (21) and the ends of the support arm (14) that are away from the frame (21).

5. The suspension head (13) according to claim 4, wherein, The support arm (14) and / or the strut (130; 150) have adjustable lengths between their respective hinge axes.

6. The suspension head (13) according to claim 5, wherein, The strut (130) includes a thread that extends through a connecting member at the end of the support arm (14) away from the frame (21), and an adjusting nut is screwed onto the side of the connecting member away from the frame (21) such that the connecting member is supported by the adjusting nut, wherein, preferably, an anti-rotation device is provided for fixing the adjusting nut in the adjusting position.

7. The suspension head (13) according to claim 5, wherein, The strut (150) includes a clamping member and two engaging members, each engaging member having a support head at one end and a threaded portion at the other end. The clamping member has a middle portion and two mating threaded portions extending axially from the middle portion to opposite ends of the clamping member. The threads of the threaded portions of the two engaging members are formed in opposite directions to each other, and the mating threads of the mating threaded portions of the clamping member are formed in opposite directions to each other and each matches the thread of the threaded portion of the engaging member. The threads of the threaded portions of the engaging members are preferably external threads, and the mating threads of the mating threaded portions of the clamping members are internal threads. The clamping member preferably includes a drive member, which is, for example, in the form of a wrench width or a coiled rod.

8. The suspension head (13) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The support arm (14) is pivotable about a pivot axis on the frame (21), wherein a pivot path limiting element is disposed on the frame (21) to limit the pivot path of the support arm (14) away from the wall (15a), wherein the pivot path limiting element is preferably removable and particularly includes a bolt that can be attached, inserted or pushed through the frame (21, for example in the form of a bolt or pin, and wherein the removable pivot path limiting element can preferably be fixed in its position on the frame (21) by a fixing element.

9. The suspension head (13) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The support arm (14) is pivotable about a pivot axis on the frame (21), wherein a pivot lock is provided, the pivot lock including at least one locking hole on the support arm (14) and at least one locking hole on the frame (21), the at least one locking hole on the support arm (14) and at least one locking hole on the frame (21) being aligned with each other in a predetermined pivot position so as to jointly receive a locking element, for example in the form of a bolt or pin, wherein, preferably, at least on the support arm (14) or on the frame (21) a plurality of locking holes are arranged around the periphery of the pivot axis about the support arm (14), wherein a removable locking element can preferably be fixed in its position on the frame (21) by a fixing element.

10. The suspension head (13) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The frame (21) includes a guide space (23) with an opening (24) for the support rail (12), the opening (24) having an inner contour (22) with a C-shaped or claw-shaped cross-section, preferably facing away from the building structure (2), for movably connecting the support rail (12) to the rest of the support structure (8), wherein a first abutment element (25) and a second abutment element (26) are arranged on the portion of the frame (21) facing the guide space (23), such that the first abutment element (25) is able to absorb the horizontal force component from the support rail (12) and The second abutment element (26) is capable of absorbing the vertical force component from the support rail (12) and transmitting it to the frame (21), wherein, when the support rail (12) is guided by the suspension head (13) in the guide space (23), the first abutment element (25) is adjacent to the support rail (12) at a first contact point (25a) on the side of the support rail (12) opposite to the building structure (2), the first contact point (25a) being farther from the building structure (2) than the second contact point (26a), and the second abutment element (26) is adjacent to the support rail (12) at the second contact point (26a).

11. A formwork system comprising a formwork (10), retaining elements, and a plurality of suspension heads (13), the formwork (10) having a support structure (8), particularly in the form of a bottom-moving formwork bracket, for pouring concrete portions, particularly overhanging concrete portions, that protrude laterally from a reference edge (2a) of a building structure (2) of a building (1), the support structure (8) having a support rail (12), the retaining elements being arranged at a distance from each other on the structure (2) in the longitudinal direction (x) of the reference edge (2a), and the plurality of suspension heads (13) for movably guiding the support rail (12), wherein, Each of the suspension heads (13) is arranged and configured such that the suspension head (13) can be detachably fixed to one of the retaining elements, such that the load transmitted to the suspension head (13) via the support rail (12), in particular the self-weight of the support structure (8) and the concrete load of the formwork (10), can be introduced into the building structure (2) of the building (1) via the suspension head (13), wherein each of the suspension heads (13) is constructed according to one of the preceding claims, and the support arm (14) is supported on the wall (15a) of the building structure (2), such that the torque acting on the building structure (2) around the contact area of ​​the suspension head (13) can be at least partially transmitted to the building structure (2) via the support arm (14).

12. The template system according to claim 11, wherein, The retaining element has a hole (80) for flange attachment of the suspension head (13) by means of a threaded bolt (80) and / or for alignment of the suspension head (13) by means of a pin or the like, wherein the hole is preferably located on the lower and / or side surface of the building structure (2).

13. The template system according to claim 11 or 12, wherein, The retaining element has a support (90) for fastening to the upper side of the building structure (2), wherein the retaining element has a fastening leg and a retaining leg, the fastening leg for fastening the retaining element to the upper side of the building structure (2), the retaining leg having a retaining hole for retaining the suspension head (13) by means of a retaining bolt, wherein when the suspension head (13) is attached to the building structure (2), the retaining hole and the hole on the suspension head (13) for attaching the retaining bolt are substantially aligned with each other, wherein in the attached state of the suspension head (13), the angle between the retaining bolt and the horizontal plane is preferably 45°, with an upward or downward deviation of at most 1° or at most 2° or at most 3° or at most 5° or at most 10° or at most 15° or at most 20°.

14. The template system according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein, The support structure (8) includes a lateral support below the support rail (12), which is capable of laterally supporting the support structure (8) against the wall (15a) of the building structure (2) so as to transfer the torque acting around the support rail (12) to the building structure (2).

15. The template system according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein, The elements of the formwork system and the number of the suspension heads (13) per unit length of the formwork (10) are configured to bear the load of the support structure (8) itself, especially in the absence of additional support structures such as tie rods between the support scaffold attached to the building structure (2) and the support structure (8), so that the formwork (10) can be positioned at any point in the longitudinal direction (x) so that the concrete portion can be poured.

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