Stachys sieboldii storage method
By using segmented gradient cooling acclimatization and soil improvement treatment, the problems of cell damage and microbial dysregulation in the storage of *Cymbidium goeringii* were solved, achieving stable quality and long-term storage of *Cymbidium goeringii*, and improving economic benefits.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511652636.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-10
AI Technical Summary
During the storage of *Cymbidium goeringii*, low-temperature storage alone leads to cell structure damage and texture loss, while traditional soil burial storage makes it difficult to control humidity and microorganisms, resulting in unstable quality.
A segmented gradient cooling acclimatization technique combined with soil improvement treatment was adopted. By adding vitamin C powder, calcium chloride powder and chitosan to the soil, a stable microenvironment was formed, and the temperature and humidity during the storage period were dynamically managed.
It significantly reduces the cell rupture rate and microbial activity of *Spiritia spp.*, extends the storage period to more than 180 days, maintains nutritional components and texture, reduces storage losses by 30% to 40%, and improves economic benefits.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural product storage, in particular to a storage method of Asparagus cochinchinensis. BACKGROUND
[0002] Asparagus cochinchinensis is a rhizome vegetable with medicinal and edible properties, rich in nutrients such as water, vitamin C (Vc), soluble solids (TSS), dietary fiber, and has a unique flavor and crisp texture, widely used in food processing and daily consumption. Due to its special physiological characteristics, storage and preservation of Asparagus cochinchinensis has been a key technical problem restricting its industrial development after harvesting. At present, the storage methods of Asparagus cochinchinensis mainly include low-temperature storage, frozen storage and traditional soil burial storage. However, single low-temperature storage, traditional soil burial storage and room temperature storage all have obvious defects: 1. Defects of single low-temperature storage: -20℃ freezing can better preserve water and Vc, but ice crystals can damage the cell structure of Asparagus cochinchinensis, resulting in soft and rotten texture after thawing, and severe loss of volatile flavor substances; 4℃ cold storage below 60 has better effect, but after more than 120 days, the TSS degradation rate rises to 26%, the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity recovers, accelerates the browning of color, and the L value (brightness) decreases to 33.04, the appearance of the commodity becomes worse.
[0003] 2. Defects of traditional soil burial storage: it relies on the natural soil environment, and the humidity and microorganisms are difficult to control, the water loss rate peaks at -0.30% / d within 30 days of soil burial storage, the Vc degradation rate is 66.8% after 120 days of soil burial storage, and the cellulase and pectinase in the soil can easily accelerate the degradation of the cell wall of Asparagus cochinchinensis, resulting in a large fluctuation in hardness and poor quality stability after 180 days.
[0004] In the prior art, gradient cooling methods have been used for the storage of potatoes, carrots, pears, kiwis and the like. However, the tubers of Asparagus cochinchinensis are covered with a very thin cuticle layer, have no wax layer, and have strong air and water permeability, with a water content of 75%~85%, more than 80% of which is free water that is easy to participate in metabolism. At the same time, the pith is rich in soluble sugars such as stachyose and glucose, resulting in a much higher post-harvest respiratory metabolism intensity than that of root crops such as potatoes and carrots, which requires a faster cooling rate to quickly inhibit the activity of respiratory enzymes and cut off the "high substrate-high respiration" nutrient consumption chain. At the same time, the thin-walled cells in the cortex may be gradually damaged due to the slow freezing of free water to form micro-ice crystals during the long low-temperature transition stage, which may cause hidden dangers of enzymatic browning and microbial rotting in subsequent storage, so Asparagus cochinchinensis is more suitable for rapid cooling and is not suitable for gradient and slow cooling mode. SUMMARY
[0005] This invention provides a method for storing Stachys edulis, which solves the problems of cell damage and microbial runoff in traditional soil burial by using a synergistic strategy of "segmented cooling and acclimatization to enhance low-temperature adaptability - soil improvement to create a stable microenvironment - dynamic management to maintain quality".
[0006] This invention provides a method for storing *Spiritobacterium sarcodactylis*, comprising the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Fresh Stachys aegyptium, after removing surface impurities, is air-dried; S2. Three-stage gradient cooling acclimatization: The temperature of the caddisfly is reduced from room temperature to -2℃~0℃ in three stages; S3. Optimize soil burial treatment: Add vitamin C powder, calcium chloride powder and chitosan to the soil and mix them together. Adjust the humidity to 60%~64% to obtain improved soil. Use the improved soil to bury the spiky. S4. Dynamic management during storage: Monitor the temperature and humidity of the physalis during storage and ventilate every 7 days.
[0007] Furthermore, the air-drying mentioned in step S1 refers to placing the stachys in a well-ventilated, cool environment away from direct sunlight, and controlling the surface moisture of the stachys to 8%~15%.
[0008] Furthermore, the three stages described in step S2 are as follows: Phase 1: Within 0.5 hours, reduce the temperature of the cycad from room temperature to 10℃~12℃ and maintain it for 10h~14h; Second stage: The temperature of the cycad was reduced from 10℃~12℃ to 4℃~6℃ at a rate of 1.8℃ / h and maintained for 22h~26h. The third stage: The temperature of the cycad was reduced from 4℃~6℃ to -2℃~0℃ at a rate of 0.8℃ / h and maintained for 34h~38h. Throughout the three stages mentioned above, the humidity of the phycocyanin should be maintained at 80%~85%.
[0009] Furthermore, the temperature reduction from room temperature to -2℃ to 0℃ in step S2 is achieved through intelligent temperature control box regulation.
[0010] Furthermore, after the domestication in step S2 is completed, the respiration rate of the staghorn worm should decrease by 40% to 45% compared with before cooling, and the cell activity of the staghorn worm should be ≥85%. If it is lower than 85%, the cooling rate needs to be readjusted and domestication should be carried out again.
[0011] Further, in step S3, the vitamin C powder is added at a rate of 0.3% to 0.5% of the soil mass, the calcium chloride powder is added at a rate of 0.2% to 0.4% of the soil mass, and the chitosan is added at a rate of 0.1% to 0.2% of the soil mass.
[0012] Furthermore, the chitosan refers to 0.1% to 0.2% chitosan dissolved in a 1.5% acetic acid solution according to the soil mass percentage.
[0013] Furthermore, the vitamin C powder is ground through an 80-100 mesh sieve, and the calcium chloride powder is passed through a 60-80 mesh sieve to ensure uniform mixing with the sandy loam soil.
[0014] Further, the burial step described in step S3 is as follows: a 3cm-4cm layer of gravel is laid at the bottom of the storage pit, a 5cm-6cm layer of improved soil is laid on top of the gravel, and then three layers of grass-stachys are laid upwards, each layer being 12cm-14cm thick, with 9cm-10cm of improved soil between the layers; the top layer is covered with 9cm-11cm of improved soil and 2cm-4cm of rice husks.
[0015] Furthermore, the temperature and humidity mentioned in step S4 are to maintain a soil temperature of -2℃ to 2℃ and a soil humidity of 60% to 65%; the ventilation time is 25min to 35min. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. By using a segmented gradient cooling acclimatization technique, the cells of *Symplocos edulis* gradually adapt to the low-temperature environment. After this acclimatization treatment, the cell rupture rate of *Symplocos edulis* is reduced by 60%~65% compared with direct freezing (-20℃), effectively solving the problem of cell structure damage caused by single low-temperature storage.
[0016] 2. An optimized soil burial treatment, involving the addition of vitamin C powder, calcium chloride powder, and chitosan, created an improved soil environment that effectively inhibited microbial and enzyme activity, solving the problem of uncontrollable humidity and microorganisms in traditional soil burial storage. After 180 days of storage, the key quality indicators of *Cymbidium faberi* remained at an excellent level, specifically: moisture retention rate of 93.98%, vitamin C degradation rate of 33.93%, TSS degradation rate of 22.44%, hardness retention rate of 89.61%, PPO activity of 8.27±1.14 U / g•min, and a decay rate of only 1.22%.
[0017] 3. The storage pit and layered structure of the present invention are simple in design, require no complicated equipment, and are suitable for large-scale application in different regions of physalis production areas, and have high adaptability.
[0018] 4. This invention extends the shelf life of *Polygonum cuspidatum* from the traditional storage period of 60-90 days to over 180 days, reducing storage losses by 30%-40% while maintaining its nutrition and flavor. It provides technical support for off-season sales and deep processing of *Polygonum cuspidatum*, significantly improving the economic benefits for growers. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the embodiments will be briefly described below.
[0020] Example 1 1. Screening and pretreatment: Fresh Stachys chinensis were harvested in September. Tubers with a single fruit weight of 5-8g and no damage were selected. After removing the surface soil, they were placed in a ventilated room at 22℃ and 45% relative humidity and air-dried for 2.5h with a wind speed of 0.8m / s. The surface moisture content was measured to be 11%.
[0021] 2. Segmented Gradual Cooling Acclimation: The *Symplocos edulis* (a type of scarab beetle) was placed in a smart temperature-controlled chamber. In the first stage, the temperature was lowered to 11°C within 0.5 hours and maintained for 12 hours. In the second stage, the temperature was lowered to 5°C at a rate of 1.8°C / hour and maintained for 24 hours. In the third stage, the temperature was lowered to -1°C at a rate of 0.8°C / hour and maintained for 36 hours, with a humidity of 82% throughout. After acclimation, the cell viability of the *Symplocos edulis* was measured at 88%.
[0022] 3. Optimize soil burial treatment: (1) Soil improvement preparation: Take sandy loam soil (particle size 0.2 mm) and expose it to the sun for 48 hours. Add 0.4% vitamin C powder, 0.3% calcium chloride powder and 0.15% chitosan (dissolved in 1.5% acetic acid solution in advance), mix and adjust the humidity to 62%; (2) Burial operation: dig a storage pit 1.4m deep and 1.1m wide, lay a 3cm gravel layer at the bottom of the pit, and a 5cm improved soil layer at the bottom; lay grass and stoneworm in 3 layers, each layer is 12cm thick, and cover the layers with 9cm of improved soil; cover the top layer with 10cm of improved soil and 3cm of rice husks.
[0023] 4. Dynamic management during storage: The temperature inside the pit is maintained at -1℃ to 1℃ using a temperature sensor. Ventilation is carried out for 30 minutes every 7 days, and oxygen is controlled at 19% and carbon dioxide at 4%. Samples are taken for testing every 30 days, and the results are recorded after 180 days of storage.
[0024] Comparative Example 1 Similar to Example 1, the difference is that the second step of segmented gradient cooling acclimatization is not required.
[0025] Comparative Example 2 Fresh Stachys edulis harvested in the same batch as in Example 1 were screened and pretreated as described in Example 1. A storage pit 1.4m deep and 1.1m wide was dug. The air-dried Stachys edulis were evenly spread in the pit. Sandy loam soil (0.2mm particle size) as in step 3 of Example 1 was sun-dried for 48 hours and covered the top layer of Stachys edulis. The storage period was dynamically managed according to the method in step 4 of Example 1.
[0026] Comparative Example 3 Fresh *Symplocos edulis* harvested in the same batch as in Example 1 were screened and pretreated according to the screening and pretreatment method in step 1 of Example 1 (selecting undamaged tubers weighing 5-8g per fruit, removing surface soil, and air-drying in a ventilated room at 22℃ and 45% relative humidity at a wind speed of 0.8m / s for 2.5h, resulting in a surface moisture content of 11%). The pretreated *Symplocos edulis* were packed into food-grade PE preservation bags (500g per bag, with 8*8 cm silicone windows) with a thickness of 0.03mm and placed in a constant temperature cold storage at 4℃ (temperature control accuracy ±0.5℃), maintaining a relative humidity of 80%-85%. Dynamic management during storage: the cold storage door was opened for ventilation for 20 minutes at 9:00 every day to balance the gas inside the storage; every 30 days, 3 bags of *Symplocos edulis* were randomly selected, and 5 tubers were taken from each bag to test quality indicators; this method was used to continuously store the tubers for 180 days, and all indicators were tested and recorded.
[0027] Comparative Example 4 Fresh *Spiritiflora* harvested in the same batch as in Example 1 were screened and pretreated according to the screening and pretreatment method in step 1 of Example 1 (surface moisture content 11%). The pretreated *Spiritiflora* were packed into food-grade PE preservation bags (500g per bag, with 8*8cm silicone windows) with a thickness of 0.03mm. They were first placed in a 4℃ pre-cooling room for 2 hours, and then transferred to a -20℃ low-temperature freezer (temperature control accuracy ±1℃). The temperature was lowered to -20℃ at a rate of 5℃ / h (the cooling program was set through the freezer programmable controller). After the cooling was completed, the temperature was maintained at a constant -20℃. Dynamic management during storage: The freezer temperature was checked monthly to ensure no temperature fluctuations. After 180 days of storage, the *Spiritiflora* were taken out of the -20℃ freezer and placed in a 4℃ refrigerator for slow thawing for 6 hours (to avoid rapid thawing that could cause cell rupture). After thawing, various quality indicators were tested.
[0028] Comparison of storage effects: The traditional soil burial method, 4℃ refrigeration, and -20℃ freezing were used as controls, and the *Spiritobacteria* obtained by 180 days of storage using the method of this invention (Example 1) were compared: (1) The moisture content of cycads before and after storage was determined by direct drying method, and the ratio of the moisture content after storage to the initial moisture content was calculated, i.e., the moisture retention rate (the test standard refers to GB / T 5009.3-2016). (2) The initial and stored Vc (ascorbic acid) content of *Symplocos edulis* was determined by the 2,6-dichlorophenol titration method to calculate the Vc degradation rate (the detection standard refers to GB / T 6195-1986). (3) The soluble solids (TSS) content of *Symplocos edulis* before and after storage was determined by refractometer method, and the TSS degradation rate was calculated (the test standard refers to GB / T 12295-1990). (4) The hardness of the epidermis of *Spiritia pallida* to a depth of 5 mm before and after storage was measured using a texture analyzer (equipped with a puncture probe, 2 mm in diameter), and the hardness retention rate was calculated (the test standard refers to GB / T 30768-2014). (5) Randomly select 3 tubers (each weighing 5-8g, undamaged and rot-free) from the stored stachys gracilis, gently rinse the surface soil with ultrapure water, and dry the surface water with absorbent paper. Quickly remove the outer skin with a stainless steel knife, take the peeled tuber tissue, accurately weigh 2.000g (accurate to 0.001g) using an analytical balance, and immediately put it into a homogenizing cup pre-cooled to 4℃; Add 10 mL of pre-cooled 0.1 mol / L phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and 0.2 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (added at 10% of sample mass to adsorb free polyphenols) to the homogenizing cup. Place the homogenizing cup in an ice bath and turn on the homogenizer (15000 r / min) to homogenize for 2 min to obtain a uniform tissue homogenate. Transfer the homogenate to a 50 mL pre-chilled centrifuge tube, rinse the homogenate cup with 5 mL pre-chilled phosphate buffer, add the rinse solution to the centrifuge tube, cap the tube, and place it in a refrigerated centrifuge. Centrifuge at 4 °C and 10,000 r / min for 20 min. After centrifugation, the supernatant (crude enzyme solution) was transferred to a new pre-cooled centrifuge tube using a pipette to obtain the enzyme solution to be tested. The absorbance change of the enzyme solution extracted from *Symplocos edulis* after storage was measured by spectrophotometry using catechol as the substrate at 30℃ and a wavelength of 420 nm. The PPO activity of *Symplocos edulis* after storage was calculated (the detection standard refers to GB / T 23749-2009). (6) Using the counting method, the proportion of rotten grass and stoneworm blocks after storage to the total number of stored blocks was counted. The rot was judged by the appearance of mold / soft rot on the surface. The rot rate was calculated (the detection standard refers to NY / T 1204-2020).
[0029] The test results are shown in Table 1 below:
[0030] As shown in Table 1: 1. Moisture retention: The method of this invention (93.98%) is close to that of freezing at -20℃ (90.71%), and significantly higher than that of traditional soil burial (88.79%) and refrigeration at 4℃ (73.41%), indicating that the water retention capacity of the improved soil and the low temperature work synergistically to effectively reduce water loss; 2. Nutrient retention: The degradation rates of Vitamin C (33.93%) and TSS (22.44%) of the method of this invention are significantly lower than those of the traditional soil burial method (66.85%, 42.57%) and refrigeration at 4℃ (38.78%, 26.03%), and only slightly higher than those of freezing at -20℃ (28.11%, 18.41%), demonstrating the inhibitory effect of segmented cooling on respiratory metabolism; 3. Texture and Browning Control: The hardness retention rate of the method of this invention (89.61%) is far higher than that of freezing at -20℃ (31.03%), and also significantly higher than that of refrigeration at 4℃ (50.87%) and traditional soil burial method (62.35%). Furthermore, the PPO activity (8.27±1.14 U / g•min) is lower than that of refrigeration at 4℃ and traditional soil burial method, thus avoiding browning. 4. Decay control: The decay rate of the method of this invention (1.22%) is only slightly higher than that of freezing at -20℃ (0.89%), and significantly lower than that of traditional soil burial (8.75%) and refrigeration at 4℃ (22.53%). This indicates that the chitosan antibacterial effect of soil improvement and the ventilation effect of layered structure effectively inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms.
Claims
1. A method for storing *Spiritobacterium sarcodactylis*, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Fresh Stachys aegyptium, after removing surface impurities, is air-dried; S2. Three-stage gradient cooling acclimatization: The temperature of the caddisfly is reduced from room temperature to -2℃~0℃ in three stages; S3. Optimize soil burial treatment: Add vitamin C powder, calcium chloride powder and chitosan to the soil and mix them together. Adjust the humidity to 60%~64% to obtain improved soil. Use the improved soil to bury the spiky. S4. Dynamic management during storage: Monitor the temperature and humidity of the physalis during storage and ventilate every 7 days.
2. The method for storing *Spiritobacterium sarcodactylis* according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air-drying mentioned in step S1 refers to placing the stachys in a well-ventilated, cool environment away from direct sunlight, and controlling the surface moisture of the stachys to 8%~15%.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three stages mentioned in step S2 are: Phase 1: Within 0.5 hours, reduce the temperature of the cycad from room temperature to 10℃~12℃ and maintain it for 10h~14h; Second stage: The temperature of the cycad was reduced from 10℃~12℃ to 4℃~6℃ at a rate of 1.8℃ / h and maintained for 22h~26h. The third stage: The temperature of the cycad was reduced from 4℃~6℃ to -2℃~0℃ at a rate of 0.8℃ / h and maintained for 34h~38h. Throughout the three stages mentioned above, the humidity of the phycocyanin should be maintained at 80%~85%.
4. The method for storing *Spiritobacterium sarcodactylis* according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature reduction from room temperature to -2℃ to 0℃ in step S2 is achieved through intelligent temperature control box regulation.
5. The method for storing *Spiritobacterium sarcodactylis* according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the domestication in step S2 is completed, the respiration rate of the staghorn worm should decrease by 40% to 45% compared with before the cooling, and the cell activity of the staghorn worm should be ≥85%. If it is lower than 85%, the cooling rate needs to be readjusted and domestication should be carried out again.
6. The method for storing *Spiritobacterium sarcodactylis* according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the vitamin C powder is added at a rate of 0.3% to 0.5% of the soil mass, the calcium chloride powder is added at a rate of 0.2% to 0.4% of the soil mass, and the chitosan is added at a rate of 0.1% to 0.2% of the soil mass.
7. The method for storing *Spiritobacterium sarcodactylis* according to claim 6, characterized in that, The chitosan referred to here is 0.1% to 0.2% chitosan dissolved in a 1.5% acetic acid solution, based on the percentage of soil mass.
8. The method for storing *Spiritobacterium sarcodactylis* according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vitamin C powder is ground through an 80-100 mesh sieve, and the calcium chloride powder is passed through a 60-80 mesh sieve to ensure uniform mixing with the sandy loam soil.
9. The method for storing *Spiritobacterium sarcodactylis* according to claim 1, characterized in that, The burial step described in step S3 is as follows: a 3cm-4cm layer of gravel is laid at the bottom of the storage pit, a 5cm-6cm layer of improved soil is laid on top of the gravel, and then three layers of grass-stachys are laid upwards, each layer being 12cm-14cm thick, with 9cm-10cm of improved soil between the layers; the top layer is covered with 9cm-11cm of improved soil and 2cm-4cm of rice husks.
10. The method for storing *Spiritobacterium sarcodactylis* according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature and humidity mentioned in step S4 are to maintain a soil temperature of -2℃ to 2℃ and a soil humidity of 60% to 65%; the ventilation time is 25min to 35min.