Ecological bank protection system

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological bank protection system, and relates to the technical field of bank protection systems, the ecological bank protection system comprises a foot protection retaining wall, soil retaining low walls and vegetation, the foot protection retaining wall is arranged at the bottommost part of a bank slope, and a plurality of soil retaining low walls are arranged between the foot protection retaining wall and the top surface of the bank slope at intervals; bank protection soil layers are arranged between the adjacent soil retaining low walls and between the soil retaining low walls and the foot retaining walls, soil slope surfaces which are inclined upwards along the bank slope are arranged on the surfaces of the bank protection soil layers, and vegetation is planted on the soil slope surfaces. According to the ecological bank protection technology, bank slope water flow erosion can be effectively prevented, the slope can be slowed down without occupying more bank slope horizontal width through the soil retaining low walls arranged at intervals, vegetation is planted on the soil slope surface, the function of protecting and recovering a river ecological system is achieved, and meanwhile the ecological bank protection technology is suitable for rivers with various bank slope heights. And the current bank slope landform condition can be flexibly adapted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of bank protection systems, and in particular to an ecological bank protection system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, many rivers suffer from poor riverbed stability, but frequent changes in riverbed erosion and deposition lead to widespread and severe riverbank erosion and instability. These bank collapses not only cause the loss of large amounts of farmland but also threaten the safety of riverside cities and villages, resulting in significant economic losses. To address this problem, substantial human and material resources have been invested in river management. Current management techniques primarily focus on riverbank hardening, such as the extensive use of concrete or masonry, emphasizing structural stability while often neglecting the protection of the river's ecosystem. This often obstructs the exchange of water and land ecosystems, disrupting the river's natural ecological balance, weakening its self-purification function, and leading to water quality deterioration and ecosystem imbalance.

[0003] In recent years, ecological bank protection technologies have gradually emerged, such as concrete ecological bricks and gabion mesh. These technologies take ecological factors into consideration to some extent. However, due to the often steep slopes of existing riverbanks, with a slope ratio of around 1:2.0 being common, bank protection projects constructed with such slope ratios require ecological bricks or gabion mesh as a slope protection layer to prevent water erosion and damage to the slope. If there is vegetation on the slope, it is easily eroded away by the water flow, resulting in the exposure of the protection layer structure and damage to the ecological effect. Existing solutions include designing a gentler slope ratio, such as 1:3.0 or 1:4.0, but excessively gentle slopes occupy more land resources on the top of the bank, which is impractical for areas with limited arable land. Some people also use precast concrete frames as the main body of the bank protection. The bank slope can be designed to be steeper, but because the size of the precast frames themselves is limited by transportation and installation conditions, they cannot be made too large. Therefore, the height of the main body of the bank protection cannot be too high, otherwise it will collapse due to its own instability. This method is only suitable for rivers with very low slopes.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an ecological bank protection technology that can effectively prevent bank erosion, protect and restore the river ecosystem, and is applicable to rivers with various bank heights. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ecological bank protection system to solve the problems existing in the prior art, so that the bank protection system can protect and restore the river ecosystem, effectively prevent bank erosion by water flow, and reduce land occupation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides an ecological bank protection system, including a retaining wall, a retaining wall, and vegetation. The retaining wall is located at the bottom of the bank slope. Several retaining walls are spaced apart between the retaining wall and the top surface of the bank slope. A bank protection soil layer is provided between adjacent retaining walls and between the retaining walls and the retaining walls. The surface of the bank protection soil layer has a soil slope that slopes upwards along the bank slope, and vegetation is planted on the soil slope.

[0007] Preferably, the retaining wall and the earth-retaining wall are both made of pine piles, imitation pine piles, reinforced concrete slabs, or gabion mesh structures.

[0008] Preferably, when the retaining wall is an imitation pine pile, the length of the retaining wall buried in the lower soil slope is twice the length above the lower soil slope.

[0009] Preferably, the retaining wall is at least 0.2m above the adjacent lower soil slope and at least 0.2m below the lower soil slope.

[0010] Preferably, the soil of the revetment soil layer is clay; the vegetation includes at least one of vetiver grass, ryegrass, bermudagrass, alfalfa, millet grass, jasmine, or white mouse grass.

[0011] Preferably, the collapsed area of ​​the bank slope is filled with an earth-rock fill body, which includes clay and gravel.

[0012] Preferably, at least two retaining walls are provided, with a horizontal spacing of 0.5m-2m and a vertical height difference of 0.2m-1m.

[0013] Preferably, the height of the retaining wall is at least 0.2m-0.5m above the normal water level of the river.

[0014] Preferably, the erosion stability slope of each level of the soil slope is scientifically designed based on the principles of critical soil mechanics and hydraulics; assuming that the inclination angle of each level of the soil slope is... Let's assume a The minimum unit weight at which each level of soil slope is stable is calculated. The formula for calculating the minimum unit weight is: Formula 1 In the formula, -Minimum unit weight of soil when it is stable (unit: kN / m³) 3 ); -Unit weight of saturated soil (kN / m³) 3 (obtained from slope soil geotechnical tests). -Specific gravity of water (unit: kN / m³) 3 (take 9.8). - Seepage head difference (unit: m; for simplified calculation, the seepage head difference for small and medium-sized rivers is taken as 1.0 m). - Critical depth of the sliding surface (in meters; since shallow soil is scoured first, the critical depth of the scour sliding surface is taken as 0.2 meters). - The internal friction angle of the soil (unit: °, obtained from slope soil geotechnical tests). -Angle of slope (unit: °); The formula for calculating the buoyant unit weight of soil is: = - Formula 2 In the formula, - Buoyant unit weight of soil (unit: kN / m³) 3 ), , Same meaning as in Formula 1; First, calculate the minimum unit weight of each soil slope level under stable conditions. Then, compare the buoyant unit weight of that soil slope level with the minimum unit weight. When the minimum unit weight is less than the buoyant unit weight, it indicates that the slope is stable. The value represents the stable inclination angle of each soil slope level. .

[0015] Preferably, by increasing the spacing and height of the retaining walls, the overall slope inclination angle can be increased. This reduces the land use on the riverbank; by reducing the spacing and height of the retaining walls, the slope inclination angle can be reduced. .

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: This invention is an ecological bank protection technology that can effectively prevent riverbank erosion by using intermittently set retaining walls to make the slope gentle without taking up more horizontal width of the bank. It also allows vegetation to be planted on the soil slope, thus protecting and restoring the river ecosystem. It is applicable to rivers with various bank slope heights and can be flexibly adapted to the existing bank slope landform conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological bank protection system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the ecological bank protection system in an embodiment of the present invention; In the diagram: 1-Original slope line, 2-Toe retaining wall, 3-Earth slope, 4-Retaining wall, 5-Vegetation, 6-Soil and rock fill, 7-Normal water level of the river channel, A-Slope toe point, B-Slope apex, C-Stable slope apex without a retaining wall, S1-Horizontal width of the slope; S2-Width of the additional land occupied on the top of the bank. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating directional or positional relationships, are based on the directional or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These are merely for ease of description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ecological bank protection system to solve the problems existing in the prior art, so that the bank protection system can protect and restore the river ecosystem, effectively prevent bank erosion by water flow, and reduce land occupation.

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an ecological bank protection system, including a retaining wall 2, a retaining wall 4, and vegetation 5. The retaining wall 2 is located at the bottom of the bank slope. Several retaining walls 4 are arranged at intervals along the water flow direction between the retaining wall 2 and the top surface of the bank slope. A bank protection soil layer is provided between adjacent retaining walls 4 and between the retaining walls 4 and the retaining wall. The surface of the bank protection soil layer is provided with a soil slope 3 that slopes upward along the bank slope. Vegetation 5 is planted on the soil slope 3. In this embodiment, a stable slope toe structure is constructed, and the bank slope is filled with earth and stone materials. Multiple retaining walls 4 are constructed on the bank slope using erosion-resistant materials, which can make the slope gentle without occupying more horizontal width of the bank slope. Herbaceous vegetation is planted on the soil slope surface 3 between the retaining walls 4, forming a multi-layered "wall-slope-grass" integrated bank slope protection system. Based on the principles of critical state soil mechanics and hydraulics, the erosion stability slope of the soil slope is scientifically designed. By reasonably setting the spacing and height of the retaining walls, the overall slope of the bank slope is increased while meeting the overall stability requirements, saving land on the top of the bank. The soil slope surface 3 and the vegetation layer on it can also effectively intercept non-point source pollution on both banks, purify the river water quality, and have the function of protecting and restoring the river ecosystem. At the same time, it is applicable to the ecological bank protection technology of rivers with various bank slope heights and can be flexibly adapted to the existing bank slope landform conditions.

[0025] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, the retaining wall 2 and the retaining wall 4 are both made of pine piles, imitation pine piles, reinforced concrete slabs, or gabion mesh structures. Other materials and structural forms that meet the requirements of river erosion, self-stability, and environmental protection can also be used. During construction in this embodiment, an earthen slope 3 and retaining wall 4 need to be laid on the original slope line 1. Each layer of retaining wall 2 and retaining wall 4 is arranged in the direction of water flow to better resist the impact of waves and meet its own stability requirements.

[0026] As an alternative, in this embodiment, when the retaining wall 4 is an imitation pine pile, the length of the retaining wall 4 buried in the lower soil slope 3 is twice the length of the lower soil slope 3.

[0027] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, the height of the retaining wall 2 is at least 5m and at least 0.2m-0.5m above the normal water level 7 of the river, preferably 0.3m-0.5m. The embedment depth of the retaining wall 2 can be designed according to specifications based on the specific river conditions to maintain structural stability.

[0028] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, the retaining wall 4 is at least 0.2m higher than the adjacent lower soil slope 3 and buried at least 0.2m below the lower soil slope 3 to ensure the stability and reliability of the structure. In this embodiment, the slope ratio of the soil slope 3 is 1:3, which makes the soil slope 3 gentle and the structure stable without occupying more horizontal width of the bank slope.

[0029] As an alternative, the soil of the revetment layer in this embodiment is clay, but it can also be excavated material from the revetment project, locally available soil and rock materials, etc. The selection of soil and rock materials should take into account their physical and mechanical properties, erosion resistance, suitability for planting herbaceous plants, and environmental protection requirements, so as to ensure the long-term stability and eco-friendliness of the bank slope.

[0030] As an optional option, vegetation 5 in this embodiment includes at least one of vetiver grass, ryegrass, bermudagrass, alfalfa, millet grass, jasmine grass, or white mouse grass, or other herbaceous plants that are suitable for local climate conditions and are drought- and flood-resistant. It has important ecological functions such as windbreak and sand fixation, water conservation, soil and water conservation, and biodiversity maintenance. It should be noted that shrubs or trees should not be planted to prevent adverse effects on river flood discharge.

[0031] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, the collapsed area of ​​the bank slope is filled with earth and rock fill 6. The main function of filling the collapsed area with earth and rock fill 6 is to stabilize the slope and prevent further collapse, while enhancing the scour resistance and anti-sliding capacity of the overall dam structure. The earth and rock fill 6 includes clay and gravel, and can also be other materials that can meet the requirements of river scour, self-stability and ecological environmental protection.

[0032] As an optional solution, at least two retaining walls 4 are provided in this embodiment. The horizontal spacing between the retaining walls 4 is 0.5m-2m, and the vertical height difference is 0.2m-1m. The height difference of the retaining walls 4 shortens the horizontal width S1 of the bank slope. In this embodiment, each layer of retaining walls 4 is arranged along the river. The multiple retaining walls 4 can effectively resist waves and seepage from the front, play an effective energy dissipation role, and greatly reduce the risk of bank slope damage. The spacing between adjacent retaining walls 4 can be equal or unequal, and the retaining walls 4 should meet their own stability requirements.

[0033] This invention addresses the main internal and external factors contributing to riverbank collapse by combining ecological concepts with engineering technology through precise calculations and rational design. It innovatively proposes a multi-energy-dissipating "wall-slope-grass" integrated riverbank protection system, which effectively dissipates wave and seepage energy, reduces wave climb height, minimizes the risk of riverbank damage, and enhances overall riverbank stability. For internal factors affecting riverbank collapse, the physical and mechanical properties of the filling soil and rock are fully considered, and the filling slope is determined through theoretical calculations to ensure scientific rationality. Planting herbaceous plants on the slope further enhances its erosion resistance. The low walls can be flexibly installed to adapt to different riverbank topographical conditions, helping to save land resources. The riverbank protection system disclosed in this embodiment is simple in process, structurally stable, and also has the functions of intercepting non-point source pollution on both banks, purifying river water quality, and beautifying the environment, thus contributing to the maintenance of the natural ecological functions of the riverbank.

[0034] As an optional approach, this embodiment uses the principles of critical soil mechanics and hydraulics as the basis for calculation to scientifically design the erosion stability slope of each level of the soil slope 3; it is assumed that the inclination angle of each level of the soil slope 3 is... Let's assume a The minimum unit weight of each soil slope level when it is stable is calculated. The formula for calculating the minimum unit weight is: Formula 1 In the formula, -Minimum unit weight of soil when it is stable (unit: kN / m³) 3 ); -Unit weight of saturated soil (kN / m³) 3 (obtained from slope soil geotechnical tests). -Specific gravity of water (unit: kN / m³) 3 (take 9.8). - Seepage head difference (unit: m; for simplified calculation, the seepage head difference for small and medium-sized rivers is taken as 1.0 m). - Critical depth of the sliding surface (in meters; since shallow soil is scoured first, the critical depth of the scour sliding surface is taken as 0.2 meters). - The internal friction angle of the soil (unit: °, obtained from slope soil geotechnical tests). -Angle of slope (unit: °); The formula for calculating the buoyant unit weight of soil is: = - Formula 2 In the formula, - Buoyant unit weight of soil (unit: kN / m³) 3 ), , Same meaning as in Formula 1; First, calculate the minimum unit weight of each soil slope 3 level under stable conditions. Then, compare the buoyant unit weight of that soil slope 3 level with the minimum unit weight. When the minimum unit weight is less than the buoyant unit weight, it indicates that the slope is stable. The value is the stable inclination angle of each soil slope level. .

[0035] As an alternative, in this embodiment, increasing the spacing and height of the retaining walls 4 can increase the overall slope inclination angle. This reduces the land use on the riverbank; by reducing the spacing and height of the retaining walls 4, the slope inclination angle can be reduced. The spacing and height of the low walls should be set appropriately, especially when land resources on the riverbank are insufficient. While ensuring the overall stability of the riverbank and meeting flood control requirements, the overall riverbank angle can be increased by adjusting the spacing and height of the low walls. This reduces the land use on the bank top. For example, in the scheme described in this embodiment, the apex of the bank slope is B, the toe point A is the lowest or starting point of the bank slope, and the horizontal width of the bank slope is S1. Without this embodiment, the slope width would need to be determined based on the inclination angle. To construct a single slope with vertex C, the distance between BC is S1. The slope width is then S1 + S2, where S2 is the additional width of the occupied slope top land. See the appendix for details. Figure 1 As shown.

[0036] It should also be noted that when the spacing between the low walls is small or the height is large, the overall slope of the bank increases (the bank slope becomes steeper), and when the spacing between the low walls is large or the height is small, the overall slope of the bank decreases (the bank slope becomes gentler), thus flexibly adapting to the original bank slope landform conditions.

[0037] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "this embodiment," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the described embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0038] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. An ecological bank protection system, characterized in that: The structure includes a retaining wall, a retaining wall, and vegetation. The retaining wall is located at the bottom of the bank slope. Several retaining walls are spaced apart between the retaining wall and the top surface of the bank slope. A retaining soil layer is provided between adjacent retaining walls and between the retaining walls and the retaining wall. The surface of the retaining soil layer has a soil slope that slopes upwards along the bank slope, and vegetation is planted on the soil slope.

2. The ecological bank protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retaining walls and the earth-retaining low walls are all made of pine piles, imitation pine piles, reinforced concrete slabs, or gabion mesh structures.

3. The ecological bank protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the retaining wall is made of imitation pine wood piles, the length of the retaining wall buried in the lower soil slope is twice the length of the wall above the lower soil slope.

4. The ecological bank protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retaining wall is at least 0.2m above the adjacent lower soil slope and at least 0.2m below the lower soil slope.

5. The ecological bank protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil of the revetment layer is clay; the vegetation includes at least one of vetiver grass, ryegrass, bermudagrass, alfalfa, millet grass, jasmine, or white mouse grass.

6. The ecological bank protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collapsed area of ​​the bank slope was filled with an earth-rock fill, which included clay and gravel.

7. The ecological bank protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two retaining walls are provided, with a horizontal spacing of 0.5m-2m and a vertical height difference of 0.2m-1m.

8. The ecological bank protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the retaining wall should be at least 0.2m-0.5m above the normal water level of the river.

9. The ecological bank protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the principles of critical soil mechanics and hydraulics, the erosion stability slope of each level of the soil slope is scientifically designed; it is assumed that the inclination angle of each level of the soil slope is... Let's assume a... The minimum unit weight at which each level of soil slope is stable is calculated. The formula for calculating the minimum unit weight is: Formula 1 In the formula, -Minimum unit weight of soil when it is stable (unit: kN / m³) 3 ); -Unit weight of saturated soil (kN / m³) 3 (obtained from slope soil geotechnical tests). -Specific gravity of water (unit: kN / m³) 3 (take 9.8). - Seepage head difference (unit: m; for simplified calculation, the seepage head difference for small and medium-sized rivers is taken as 1.0 m). - Critical depth of the sliding surface (in meters; since shallow soil is scoured first, the critical depth of the scour sliding surface is taken as 0.2 meters). - The internal friction angle of the soil (unit: °, obtained from slope soil geotechnical tests); -Angle of bank slope (unit: °); The formula for calculating the buoyant unit weight of soil is: = - Formula 2 In the formula, - Buoyant unit weight of soil (unit: kN / m³) 3 ), , Same meaning as in Formula 1; First, calculate the minimum unit weight of each soil slope level under stable conditions. Then, compare the buoyant unit weight of that soil slope level with the minimum unit weight. When the minimum unit weight is less than the buoyant unit weight, it indicates that the slope is stable. The value represents the stable inclination angle of each soil slope level. .

10. The ecological bank protection system according to claim 9, characterized in that: By increasing the spacing and height of the retaining walls, the overall slope inclination angle can be increased. This reduces the land use on the riverbank; by reducing the spacing and height of the retaining walls, the slope inclination angle can be reduced. .

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