Multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector and a control method thereof. The connector comprises a connector body composed of side plates and rib plates, a sliding block and a movable lock are arranged in the connector body in a sliding mode through a guide rod, and the connector body is driven by a hydraulic oil cylinder. The core is that a hydraulic control system, a sensor system and an electric control system are integrated. The sensor system comprises a front proximity switch, a rear proximity switch, a pressure sensor and an optional oil quality sensor, wherein the front proximity switch and the rear proximity switch are used for detecting the position of the movable lock; the electric control system takes a PLC as a core and controls a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve and an electromagnetic pressure release valve in a hydraulic loop, and meanwhile, a three-color indicating lamp is arranged in a cab and used for visually displaying the connection state and the pressure state in real time. Through multi-sensor information fusion and electro-hydraulic cooperative control, accurate sensing of the connection locking state, visual indication of the operation process and automatic overload safety protection are achieved, and the reliability, safety and convenience of accessory replacement operation are effectively improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of excavator quick connector, and particularly relates to a multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector and an operation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing demand for quick replacement of excavator accessories, higher requirements are put forward for the reliability, safety and intelligent level of the quick connector. The movable locking mechanism of the common quick connector in the current market mainly relies on a hydraulic cylinder for direct driving, and lacks effective state monitoring and feedback mechanism. When the driver operates, it is difficult to intuitively and accurately determine whether the movable lock is moved to the position and reliably locked, and it mainly relies on experience observation, which has the safety hidden danger of accessory loosening caused by misjudgment. In addition, when a sudden impact or overload is encountered in the excavating operation, the excessive load will be directly applied to the hydraulic cylinder through the accessory, which is easy to cause the cylinder to leak, the piston rod to bend or the connecting parts to be damaged, and the system lacks automatic overload protection function, which has high maintenance cost and affects the construction efficiency. Although some improvements are made in the prior art, there are still obvious deficiencies in the intelligent state sensing, active safety protection and system integration, which cannot meet the higher standards of safety and efficiency of modern intelligent construction equipment. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a quick connector with real-time state monitoring, automatic overload protection and high reliability locking function. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the above technical defects and provide a multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector and an operation method.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the present application is as follows: To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the present application is as follows: a multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector, comprising:

[0005] A connector body comprising two oppositely arranged side plates, the front and rear ends of the two side plates being connected by a front rib plate and a rear rib plate respectively, and the bottom front end of each of the two side plates being provided with a bayonet;

[0006] A front guide groove and a rear guide groove are arranged on the inner side of each of the two side plates, a sliding block is slidably arranged between the front guide grooves of the two side plates, and a movable lock is slidably arranged between the rear guide grooves of the two side plates;

[0007] A hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder barrel of which is connected to the sliding block, and the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the movable lock;

[0008] The rear ends of the two side plates are also connected to mounting plates. The mounting plates are provided with two long guide rods and two short guide rods. The slider and the movable lock are slidably sleeved on the long guide rods, and a long compression spring is sleeved on the long guide rods between the slider and the movable lock. The cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a connecting plate. The connecting plate is slidably sleeved on the short guide rods, and a short compression spring is sleeved on the short guide rods between the connecting plate and the mounting plate.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of this application, two connecting shafts are provided between the two side plates, and each side plate is provided with a limiting bushing for installing the connecting shaft. The outer end of the limiting bushing is locked and fixed to the connecting shaft by a locking bolt and a locking nut.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the slider is positioned with the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder by a stop and is connected by bolts; the movable lock is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder by threads.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the bottom of the slider is provided with an inclined surface, which forms a limiting opening between the inclined surface and the bayonet for limiting the front pin shaft.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of this application, a hydraulic control system is also included; the hydraulic control system includes a three-position four-way solenoid valve, a hydraulic lock, a solenoid pressure relief valve, and a pressure sensor, wherein the hydraulic lock, the solenoid pressure relief valve, and the pressure sensor are all installed at one end of the hydraulic cylinder;

[0013] The pressure port of the three-position four-way solenoid valve is connected to the hydraulic pump, and the return port is connected to the oil tank.

[0014] The first working port of the three-position four-way solenoid valve is connected in sequence to the inlet A of the hydraulic lock and the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through a large-cavity oil pipe, and the second working port of the three-position four-way solenoid valve is connected in sequence to the inlet B of the hydraulic lock and the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through a small-cavity oil pipe.

[0015] The pressure sensor is connected to the input end of the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder to detect the pressure in the rodless chamber in real time.

[0016] The electromagnetic pressure relief valve is connected between the rod chamber and the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure exceeds the set threshold, the electromagnetic pressure relief valve is energized and opened to realize the overload pressure relief of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of this application, a sensor system is also included;

[0018] The sensor system includes a position detection switch and a pressure sensor;

[0019] The position detection switch includes a proximity switch one and a proximity switch two embedded in a side panel. The proximity switches one and two are arranged one in front of the other and are used to detect the extended and retracted positions of the movable lock, respectively.

[0020] The pressure sensor is installed at the rear end of the hydraulic cylinder barrel to detect the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder in real time and output a signal to the control system.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the sensor system further includes an oil quality detection sensor, which is installed on a three-position four-way solenoid valve for real-time detection of oil temperature, contamination level, and moisture content.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of this application, an electrical control system is also included, wherein the electrical control system includes a PLC controller;

[0023] The position detection switch and pressure sensor are both connected to the input side of the PLC controller;

[0024] The output side of the PLC controller is connected to an indicator light circuit, which includes a pressure sensor indicator light and a position detection indicator light. Both the pressure sensor indicator light and the position detection indicator light are located in the excavator cab and are used to indicate the pressure status of the hydraulic cylinder and the movement position status of the movable lock and the slider, respectively.

[0025] The pressure sensor indicator and position detection indicator can both display yellow, green, and red.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the input side of the PLC controller is provided with a quick-switch control button SB1, control buttons SB2 and SB3 for a three-position four-way solenoid valve, and proximity switches SB4 and SB5 as position detection switches; one end of SB1 is connected to a live wire, and the other end is connected to the input port X0 of the PLC controller; one end of SB2 is connected to a live wire, and the other end is connected to the input port X1; one end of SB3 is connected to a live wire, and the other end is connected to the input port X2; one end of SB4 is connected to a live wire, and the other end is connected to the input port X3; one end of SB5 is connected to a live wire, and the other end is connected to the input port X4; the common terminal of the input circuit is connected to the neutral wire;

[0027] The output port Y0 of the PLC controller is connected to one end of the coil of relay KM1 to control the oil intake of the large chamber of the hydraulic cylinder; output port Y1 is connected to one end of the coil of relay KM2 to control the oil intake of the small chamber of the hydraulic cylinder; output ports Y2, Y3, and Y4 are respectively connected to one end of the coils of relays KM3, KM4, and KM5 to drive the pressure sensor indicator lights to display yellow, green, and red; output ports Y5, Y6, and Y7 are respectively connected to one end of the coils of relays KM6, KM7, and KM8 to drive the position detection indicator lights to display green, yellow, and red; output port Y8 is connected to one end of the coil of relay KM9 to control the electromagnetic pressure relief valve; the other end of each relay coil is connected to the neutral wire.

[0028] This application also discloses a method for operating a multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector, comprising the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Assemble the attachments:

[0030] Control the three-position four-way solenoid valve to open its first working port, so that hydraulic oil enters the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder;

[0031] The cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder drives the slider to move to the right along the long guide rod until the inclined surface of the slider and the bayonet lock together the front pin of the bucket.

[0032] After the slider reaches its position, oil continues to be supplied to the rodless chamber, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder begins to extend, driving the movable lock to move to the left along the long guide rod; during this movement, the position detection indicator light in the cab is red and the pressure sensor indicator light is yellow.

[0033] When the active lock moves to the locked position and touches the pin, the proximity switch is triggered.

[0034] The PLC controller receives a signal from proximity switch one and detects that the pressure value of the pressure sensor is within the normal operating range. It then controls the position detection indicator to switch from red to green, and simultaneously controls the pressure sensor indicator to switch from yellow to green, indicating that the movable lock has extended to the correct position and the attachment assembly is complete.

[0035] Step 2: Disassemble the attachments:

[0036] Control the three-position four-way solenoid valve to switch direction, so that its second working oil port is open, and hydraulic oil enters the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder;

[0037] The movable lock retracts to the right along the guide rod as the piston rod moves; during this retraction process, the position detection indicator light turns red.

[0038] When the active lock retracts to its position, proximity switch two is triggered, the position detection indicator light changes from red to yellow, and the pressure sensor indicator light turns yellow;

[0039] Subsequently, the cylinder drives the slider to move to the left, releasing the front pin; after the slider is fully retracted, the pressure sensor indicator light switches from yellow to green, indicating that the attachment has been safely separated.

[0040] Step 3: Overload Protection

[0041] During operation, the pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the rodless chamber in real time;

[0042] When the pressure exceeds the set threshold, the pressure sensor indicator light immediately turns red as a warning.

[0043] At the same time, the PLC controller controls the electromagnetic pressure relief valve to be energized and opened, so that the hydraulic cylinder is depressurized, the movable lock is forced to retract, and the position detection indicator light shows red.

[0044] After depressurization, the system can automatically or manually control the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder to extend the movable lock again. Once the movable lock is in place, the position detection switch indicator light will turn green.

[0045] The advantages of this application compared to existing technologies are:

[0046] 1. Intelligent status monitoring and prompts: Through dual detection of proximity switches and pressure sensors, the position of the active lock and the load of the hydraulic cylinder are fed back in real time and displayed intuitively by indicator lights controlled by PLC. This solves the problem that the driver cannot accurately judge the locking status and greatly improves the safety of operation.

[0047] 2. Reliable overload protection mechanism: Set pressure threshold (e.g., 35MPa). When the system is overloaded, the pressure sensor triggers the electromagnetic pressure relief valve to open automatically, realizing cylinder pressure relief protection, avoiding damage to the cylinder and structural components due to abnormal load, and extending the service life of core components.

[0048] 3. Integrated and modular design: The hydraulic lock, pressure relief valve, and pressure sensor are integrated into the hydraulic cylinder, reducing pipelines and welds and lowering the risk of oil leakage; the slider, movable lock, and cylinder are detachably connected and can be replaced individually after wear, significantly reducing maintenance costs.

[0049] 4. Multi-sensor fusion and early warning: Add an oil quality sensor to monitor oil contamination, temperature and moisture in real time. Combine with pressure and position signals to achieve early warning of faults and preventive maintenance, thereby improving the intelligent management level of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector according to this application;

[0051] Figure 2This is a side view of the structure of a multi-sensor fusion quick connector for an excavator according to this application;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of a multi-sensor fusion quick connector for excavators according to this application;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the connection between the hydraulic cylinder and the movable lock in this application;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the connection between the hydraulic cylinder and the slider in this application;

[0055] Figure 6 This is the wiring diagram for the PLC controller in this application;

[0056] Figure 7 This is the ladder control flowchart of the PLC controller in this application.

[0057] As shown in the figure: 1. Side plate, 2. Front rib plate, 3. Rear rib plate, 4. Bayonet, 5. Slider, 6. Movable lock, 7. Hydraulic cylinder, 8. Mounting plate, 9. Long guide rod, 10. Short guide rod, 11. Long compression spring, 12. Connecting plate, 13. Short compression spring, 14. Connecting shaft, 15. Limiting bushing, 16. Locking bolt, 17. Locking nut, 18. Three-position four-way solenoid valve, 19. Hydraulic lock, 20. Solenoid pressure relief valve, 21. Proximity switch two, 22. Large chamber oil pipe, 23. Small chamber oil pipe, 24. Pressure sensor, 25. Proximity switch one. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical components are indicated by the same reference numerals.

[0060] It should be noted that the terms “front,” “back,” “left,” “right,” “up,” and “down” used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the attached diagram, while the terms “inside” and “outside” refer to the directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0061] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0062] See attached document Figure 1 With appendix Figure 5To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: The excavator quick connector of the present invention includes a connector body, which is composed of two oppositely arranged side plates 1. The front and rear ends of the side plates 1 are connected by a front rib plate 2 and a rear rib plate 3, respectively, forming a stable frame structure. Each side plate 1 has a latch 4 at its bottom front end for initial engagement with the front pin of the bucket. The inner sides of the side plates 1 are provided with front guide grooves and rear guide grooves, respectively. A slider 5 is slidably arranged between the two front guide grooves, and a movable lock 6 is slidably arranged between the two rear guide grooves. The sliding engagement of the slider 5 and the movable lock 6 enables quick locking and releasing of the attachment.

[0063] To further enhance structural stability, two connecting shafts 14 are provided between the two side plates 1, and each side plate 1 is equipped with a limiting bushing 15 for mounting the connecting shaft. The outer end of the limiting bushing 15 is locked and fixed to the connecting shaft 14 by a locking bolt 16 and a locking nut 17. This design ensures reliable positioning of the connecting shaft during operation and prevents loosening. The bottom of the slider 5 is provided with a slope, which forms a limiting opening between the slope and the bayonet 4 to limit the front pin shaft. When the slider 5 moves into position, the slope and the bayonet 4 together clamp the front pin shaft to achieve precise locking. The slider 5 is positioned and bolted to the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder 7 through a stop. The movable lock 6 is threaded to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 7. This modular design allows the slider 5 and the movable lock 6 to be replaced individually when they are severely worn, without having to replace the entire cylinder, thus reducing maintenance costs.

[0064] The cylinder barrel of hydraulic cylinder 7 is connected to slider 5, and the piston rod end is connected to movable lock 6. Mounting plates 8 are also connected to the rear ends of the two side plates 1. Mounting plates 8 have two long guide rods 9 and two short guide rods 10. Sliding slider 5 and movable lock 6 are slidably mounted on the long guide rods 9, and a long compression spring 11 is mounted on the long guide rods 9 between slider 5 and movable lock 6. A connecting plate 12 is provided on the cylinder barrel of hydraulic cylinder 7, and the connecting plate 12 is slidably mounted on the short guide rods 10. A short compression spring 13 is mounted on the short guide rods 10 between the connecting plate 12 and mounting plate 8. The spring parameters are precisely calculated: the elastic force of the long compression spring 11 on the piston rod is determined based on the cylinder back pressure and the cylinder piston diameter; the resultant force of the short compression spring 13 and the long compression spring 11 on the cylinder barrel is less than the cylinder force, ensuring that the springs can still maintain the movable lock 6 position and prevent the attachment from falling off when hydraulic cylinder 7 fails.

[0065] One of the core innovations of this invention lies in the ingenious arrangement and collaborative working mechanism of the long compression spring 5 and the short compression spring 6, which determines the sequential movement of the slider 8 and the movable lock 9 when assembling and disassembling the attachment.

[0066] Spring action mechanism during attachment assembly:

[0067] When hydraulic oil enters the rodless chamber of hydraulic cylinder 10, the cylinder barrel drives the slider 8 to move to the right. During this process, the forces acting on the spring system are as follows: the forces generated by the two long compression springs 5 ​​when returning to their normal state can be decomposed into a force F1 acting on the slider 8 (i.e., the hydraulic cylinder barrel) and a force F2 acting on the movable lock 9 (i.e., the hydraulic cylinder piston rod). At the same time, the two short compression springs 6 exert a force F3 on the mounting plate (i.e., the cylinder base). Through precise design of the spring parameters, F1 + F3 > F2. Therefore, the cylinder-slider assembly will preferentially overcome the relatively small resistance and move to the right, while the piston rod-movable lock assembly will move slightly to the left due to the thrust of F2. After the slider 8 moves to the right and its bottom inclined surface and the bayonet 4 together form a limiting clamp for the front pin shaft, oil continues to enter the rodless chamber, the pressure increases, and the piston rod extends to the left with full force, pushing the movable lock 9 to the left to the locked position. The angle of the inclined plane of slider 8 is specially designed so that when the backhoe is reversed or the hydraulic cylinder fails, the direction of the force is perpendicular to the inclined plane, thus minimizing the shear force and mainly bearing the compressive stress, thereby improving the structural reliability.

[0068] Spring action mechanism when disassembling attachments:

[0069] When hydraulic oil enters the rod chamber of hydraulic cylinder 10, the movable lock 9 first retracts to the right along with the piston rod. At this time, the force that the movable lock 9 needs to overcome is mainly the resistance F2 generated by the two long compression springs 5. The resistance that the cylinder-slider assembly needs to overcome is the resultant force (F1+F3) generated by the two long compression springs 5 ​​and the two short compression springs 6. Since F2<(F1+F3), the movable lock 9 overcomes less resistance and will preferentially move to the right to retract. During this process, the cylinder will move slightly to the left. After the movable lock 9 retracts into place, the piston rod is relatively fixed. When oil continues to be injected into the rod chamber, the cylinder will fully drive the slider 8 to move to the left, releasing the front pin. This sequential action based on the difference in spring force eliminates the need for a complex sequence valve, improving the reliability and response speed of the system.

[0070] The invention also includes a hydraulic control system integrated into the hydraulic cylinder 7 to improve response speed and reliability. The hydraulic control system includes a three-position four-way solenoid valve 18, a hydraulic lock 19, a solenoid pressure relief valve 20, and a pressure sensor 24. The hydraulic lock 19, solenoid pressure relief valve 20, and pressure sensor 24 are all mounted at one end of the hydraulic cylinder 7. The pressure sensor 24 has a range of 0–100 MPa and outputs a 4–20 mA signal, corresponding to a raw value range of 0–4000 (AD conversion) for the PLC analog input. The pressure port of the three-position four-way solenoid valve 18 is connected to the hydraulic pump, and the return port is connected to the oil tank. Its first working port is connected sequentially to the inlet A of the hydraulic lock 19 and the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 7 via a large-cavity oil pipe 22, and its second working port is connected sequentially to the inlet B of the hydraulic lock 19 and the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 7 via a small-cavity oil pipe 23.

[0071] Pressure sensor 24 is connected to the input end of the rodless chamber of hydraulic cylinder 7 to detect the pressure in the rodless chamber in real time. Electromagnetic pressure relief valve 20 is connected between the rod and rodless chambers of hydraulic cylinder 7. When pressure sensor 24 detects that the pressure exceeds a set threshold (e.g., 35 MPa), electromagnetic pressure relief valve 20 is energized and opened to relieve overload pressure. The bottom of the cylinder barrel of hydraulic cylinder 7 is machined with integrated oil passages, connecting the inlet and outlet ports to the internal cavity of the cylinder barrel. This reduces welding points, lowers the risk of oil leakage, and utilizes the space at the bottom of the cylinder to improve the oil response speed.

[0072] The sensor system of this invention is used to monitor the working status of the quick connector in real time, including a position detection switch, a pressure sensor 24, and an oil quality detection sensor 27. The position detection switch includes a proximity switch 25 and a proximity switch 26 embedded in a side plate 1, arranged front and rear, respectively for detecting the extended and retracted positions of the movable lock 6. The pressure sensor 24 is installed at the rear end of the hydraulic cylinder 7, detecting the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 7 in real time and outputting a signal to the control system. The oil quality detection sensor 27 is installed on a three-position four-way solenoid valve 18, used to detect the temperature, contamination level, and moisture content of the oil in real time, facilitating timely maintenance and extending the service life of the hydraulic cylinder 7.

[0073] The position detection switch and pressure sensor 24 work together to achieve dual detection: when the movable lock 6 extends, proximity switch 25 is triggered; when it retracts, proximity switch 26 is triggered. The pressure data from pressure sensor 24 is combined with the position signal, and the status is displayed via indicator lights, improving operational safety.

[0074] As attached Figure 6 - Appendix Figure 7 As shown, the electrical control system of this invention uses a PLC controller as its core, integrating input and output devices to achieve automated control. The input side of the PLC controller is equipped with a quick-switch control button SB1, control buttons SB2 and SB3 for the three-position four-way solenoid valve 18, and proximity switches SB4 and SB5 as position detection switches. The specific wiring is as follows: one end of SB1 is connected to the live wire, and the other end is connected to the PLC input port X0; SB2 is connected to X1; SB3 is connected to X2; SB4 is connected to X3; SB5 is connected to X4; and the common terminal of the input circuit is connected to the neutral wire.

[0075] The output side of the PLC controller is connected to a relay circuit to drive indicator lights and solenoid valves. Output port Y0 connects to the coil of relay KM1 to control oil intake in the large chamber of hydraulic cylinder 7; Y1 connects to KM2 to control oil intake in the small chamber; Y2, Y3, and Y4 connect to KM3, KM4, and KM5 respectively, driving the pressure sensor indicator lights to display yellow, green, and red; Y5, Y6, and Y7 connect to KM6, KM7, and KM8 respectively, driving the position detection indicator lights to display green, yellow, and red; Y8 connects to KM9 to control the solenoid pressure relief valve 20. The other end of each relay coil is connected to the neutral wire. Indicator lights are all located in the excavator cab. The pressure sensor indicator light and the position detection indicator light can display yellow, green, and red, respectively indicating normal pressure, warning, and overload conditions, as well as the movement position of the movable lock 6 and the slider 5.

[0076] The PLC control logic is implemented based on a ladder diagram: When the quick-change start button X0 is pressed, the pressure sensor operates. When the raw value is 0-40 (corresponding to 0-1MPa), Y2 is energized, and the yellow light illuminates; when the raw value is 40-1280 (1-35MPa), Y3 is energized, and the green light illuminates; when the raw value is 1280-4000 (35-100MPa), Y4 is energized, and the red light illuminates. In case of overload, Y4 is energized, triggering Y8, and the electromagnetic pressure relief valve 20 opens to release pressure.

[0077] The PLC controller ports are shown in the table below:

[0078] Input device Port number Output device Port number Quick change control SB1 X0 Hydraulic cylinder large cavity oil inlet Y0 Three-position four-way electromagnetic valve SB2 X1 Hydraulic cylinder small cavity oil inlet Y1 Three-position four-way electromagnetic valve SB3 X2 Pressure sensor indicator light yellow Y2 Position detection switch SB4 X3 Pressure sensor indicator light green Y3 Position detection switch SB5 X4 Pressure sensor indicator light red Y4 Position detection indicator light green Y5 Position detection indicator light yellow Y6 Position detection indicator light red Y7 Electromagnetic pressure relief control Y8

[0079] This invention also provides an operation method for a multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector, the operation method including the following steps, combining sensor feedback and indicator light changes:

[0080] Step 1: Assemble the attachments:

[0081] The three-position four-way solenoid valve 18 is controlled to open its first working port, allowing hydraulic oil to enter the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 7. The cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder 7 drives the slider 5 to move to the right along the long guide rod 9 until the inclined surface of the slider 5 and the locking jaw 4 together lock the front pin of the bucket. After the slider 5 has moved to its position, oil continues to be supplied to the rodless chamber, and the piston rod begins to extend, driving the movable lock 6 to move to the left along the long guide rod 9. During this process, the position detection indicator light is red, and the pressure sensor indicator light is yellow (pressure value 0-1MPa). When the movable lock 6 moves to the locked position and touches the pin, the proximity switch 25 is triggered. The PLC controller receives the signal and detects that the pressure value is within the normal range of 1-35MPa. Then, the position detection indicator light and the pressure sensor indicator light are switched to green, indicating that the assembly is complete.

[0082] Step 2: Disassemble the attachments:

[0083] The three-position four-way solenoid valve 18 is switched, opening its second working port and allowing hydraulic oil to enter the rod chamber of hydraulic cylinder 7. The movable lock 6 retracts to the right along the guide rod with the piston rod, and the position detection indicator light turns red. When the movable lock 6 retracts to its original position, proximity switch 26 is triggered, the position detection indicator light turns yellow, and the pressure sensor indicator light turns yellow (pressure value 0-1MPa). Subsequently, the cylinder drives the slider 5 to move to the left, releasing the front pin; after the slider 5 is fully retracted, the pressure sensor indicator light turns green, indicating that the attachment has safely disengaged.

[0084] Step 3: Overload Protection

[0085] During operation, pressure sensor 24 monitors the pressure in the rodless chamber in real time. When the pressure exceeds 35 MPa, the pressure sensor indicator light immediately turns red, and the PLC controller energizes and opens the solenoid pressure relief valve 20, causing the hydraulic cylinder 7 to depressurize and the movable lock 6 to retract. The position detection indicator light then turns red. After depressurization, the system can automatically or manually control the piston rod to extend the movable lock 6 again to attempt to relock; if the movement is complete, the position detection indicator light turns green.

[0086] This invention achieves safe and intelligent fast connection of attachments through multi-sensor fusion and modular design. The introduction of specific data such as pressure threshold and sensor range enhances the practicality and operability of the technical solution.

[0087] Technical effects of this embodiment: The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention. The actual structure is not limited to this. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-sensor fusion quick connector for excavators, characterized in that, include: The connector body includes two opposing side plates (1), the front and rear ends of the two side plates (1) are connected by a front rib plate (2) and a rear rib plate (3) respectively, and the bottom front end of the two side plates (1) is provided with a bayonet (4); The inner sides of the two side plates (1) are respectively provided with front guide grooves and rear guide grooves, and a slider (5) is slidably provided between the front guide grooves on both sides, and a movable lock (6) is slidably provided between the rear guide grooves on both sides. A hydraulic cylinder (7) has its cylinder barrel connected to a slider (5), and the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder (7) is connected to a movable lock (6); The rear ends of the two side plates (1) are also connected to mounting plates (8). The mounting plates (8) are provided with two long guide rods (9) and two short guide rods (10). The slider (5) and the movable lock (6) are slidably sleeved on the long guide rods (9). A long compression spring (11) located between the slider (5) and the movable lock (6) is sleeved on the long guide rods (9). The cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder (7) is provided with a connecting plate (12). The connecting plate (12) is slidably sleeved on the short guide rods (10). A short compression spring (13) located between the connecting plate (12) and the mounting plate (8) is sleeved on the short guide rods (10).

2. The excavator quick connector with multi-sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two connecting shafts (14) are provided between the two side plates (1), and each of the two side plates (1) is provided with a limiting bushing (15) for installing the connecting shaft. The outer end of the limiting bushing is locked and fixed to the connecting shaft (14) by a locking bolt (16) and a locking nut (17).

3. The excavator quick connector with multi-sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slider (5) is positioned with the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder (7) by a stop and is connected by bolts; the movable lock (6) is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (7) by threads.

4. The excavator quick connector with multi-sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the slider (5) is provided with an inclined surface, which forms a limiting opening between the inclined surface and the bayonet (4) for limiting the front pin shaft.

5. The excavator quick connector with multi-sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a hydraulic control system; The hydraulic control system includes a three-position four-way solenoid valve (18), a hydraulic lock (19), a solenoid pressure relief valve (20), and a pressure sensor (24). The hydraulic lock (19), the solenoid pressure relief valve (20), and the pressure sensor (24) are all installed at one end of the hydraulic cylinder (7). The pressure port of the three-position four-way solenoid valve (18) is connected to the hydraulic pump, and the return port is connected to the oil tank. The first working port of the three-position four-way solenoid valve (18) is connected in sequence to the inlet A of the hydraulic lock (19) and the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (7) through the large chamber oil pipe (22), and the second working port of the three-position four-way solenoid valve (18) is connected in sequence to the inlet B of the hydraulic lock (19) and the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (7) through the small chamber oil pipe (23). The pressure sensor (24) is connected to the input end of the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (7) and is used to detect the pressure of the rodless chamber in real time. The electromagnetic pressure relief valve (20) is connected between the rod chamber and the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (7). When the pressure sensor (24) detects that the pressure exceeds the set threshold, the electromagnetic pressure relief valve (20) is energized and opened to realize the overload pressure relief of the hydraulic cylinder (7).

6. The excavator quick connector with multi-sensor fusion according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes sensor systems; The sensor system includes a position detection switch and a pressure sensor (24); The position detection switch includes a proximity switch one (25) and a proximity switch two (21) embedded in a side plate (1). The proximity switch one (25) and the proximity switch two (21) are arranged in front and behind, respectively for detecting the extended and retracted positions of the movable lock (6). The pressure sensor (24) is installed at the rear end of the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder (7) to detect the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder (7) in real time and output a signal to the control system.

7. The excavator quick connector with multi-sensor fusion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sensor system also includes an oil quality detection sensor (27), which is installed on a three-position four-way solenoid valve (18) for real-time detection of oil temperature, contamination level and moisture content.

8. The multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes an electrical control system, which includes a PLC controller; The position detection switch and the pressure sensor (24) are both connected to the input side of the PLC controller; The output side of the PLC controller is connected to an indicator light circuit, which includes a pressure sensor indicator light and a position detection indicator light. The pressure sensor indicator light and the position detection indicator light are both located in the excavator cab and are used to indicate the pressure status of the hydraulic cylinder (7) and the movement position status of the movable lock (6) and the slider (5), respectively. The pressure sensor indicator light and the position detection indicator light can both display yellow, green and red.

9. A multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector according to claim 8, characterized in that: The input side of the PLC controller is provided with a quick-switch control button SB1, control buttons SB2 and SB3 for the three-position four-way solenoid valve (18), and proximity switches SB4 and SB5 as position detection switches; one end of SB1 is connected to the live wire, and the other end is connected to the input port X0 of the PLC controller; one end of SB2 is connected to the live wire, and the other end is connected to the input port X1; one end of SB3 is connected to the live wire, and the other end is connected to the input port X2; one end of SB4 is connected to the live wire, and the other end is connected to the input port X3; one end of SB5 is connected to the live wire, and the other end is connected to the input port X4; the common terminal of the input circuit is connected to the neutral wire; The output port Y0 of the PLC controller is connected to one end of the coil of the relay KM1 to control the oil intake of the large chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (7); Output port Y1 is connected to one end of the coil of relay KM2 to control the oil intake of the small chamber of hydraulic cylinder (7); output ports Y2, Y3, and Y4 are respectively connected to one end of the coils of relays KM3, KM4, and KM5 to drive the pressure sensor indicator lights to display yellow, green, and red; output ports Y5, Y6, and Y7 are respectively connected to one end of the coils of relays KM6, KM7, and KM8 to drive the position detection indicator lights to display green, yellow, and red; output port Y8 is connected to one end of the coil of relay KM9 to control the electromagnetic pressure relief valve; the other end of each relay coil is connected to the neutral wire.

10. A method for operating a multi-sensor fusion excavator quick connector, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Assemble the attachments: Control the three-position four-way solenoid valve (18) to open its first working port, and hydraulic oil enters the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (7); The cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder (7) drives the slider (5) to move to the right along the long guide rod until the inclined surface of the slider (5) and the bayonet (4) together clamp the front pin of the bucket; After the slider (5) moves into position, oil continues to be supplied to the rodless chamber, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (7) begins to extend, driving the movable lock (6) to move to the left along the long guide rod; during this movement, the position detection indicator light in the cab is red and the pressure sensor indicator light is yellow; When the active lock (6) moves to the locked position and touches the pin, the proximity switch (25) is triggered; The PLC controller receives the signal from proximity switch 1 (25) and detects that the pressure value of pressure sensor (24) is within the normal operating range. Then, it controls the position detection indicator to switch from red to green and the pressure sensor indicator to switch from yellow to green, indicating that the movable lock (6) extends into place and the attachment assembly is completed. Step 2: Disassemble the attachments: Control the three-position four-way solenoid valve (18) to switch, so that its second working oil port is open, and hydraulic oil enters the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (7); The movable lock (6) retracts to the right along the guide rod as the piston rod moves; during this retraction process, the position detection indicator light is red; When the active lock (6) retracts to its position, the proximity switch (21) is triggered, the position detection indicator light changes from red to yellow, and the pressure sensor indicator light turns yellow; Subsequently, the cylinder drives the slider (5) to move to the left, releasing the front pin; after the slider (5) is fully retracted, the pressure sensor indicator light changes from yellow to green, indicating that the attachment has been safely separated. Step 3: Overload Protection: During operation, the pressure sensor (24) detects the pressure in the rodless chamber in real time; When the pressure exceeds the set threshold, the pressure sensor indicator light immediately turns red as a warning. At the same time, the PLC controller controls the electromagnetic pressure relief valve (20) to be energized and opened, so that the hydraulic cylinder is depressurized, the movable lock (6) is forced to retract, and the position detection indicator light shows red; After depressurization, the system can automatically or manually control the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (7) to drive the movable lock (6) to extend again. After the movable lock (6) moves into place, the position detection switch indicator light will show green.

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