Method and device for constructing near-natural plant community of engineering slope

Abstract

The invention provides a near-natural plant community construction method of an engineering slope. The method comprises the steps that the annual precipitation of an area where a to-be-planted land is located and different types of slope parameters are obtained, and the effective precipitation of each type of slope is calculated; taking the effective precipitation of each type of slope as a condition, establishing a region library according to a moisture condition region similar to the to-be-built planting land, and screening and determining at least one typical region; investigating and analyzing plant distribution communities of various types of slopes in the typical area, and determining colonization species and associated species of the plant distribution communities according to importance and availability of each species; and respectively calculating slope surface wettability indexes of the to-be-planted land and various types of slopes in the typical area, and evaluating the suitability of the colonies and the associated species to the to-be-planted land according to the slope surface wettability indexes so as to construct a near-natural plant community of the engineering slope. According to the scheme, reasonable construction of the slope natural plant community of the to-be-built planting land can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant community construction technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for constructing near-natural plant communities on engineering slopes. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of production and construction projects such as highways, mines, and hydropower, vegetation will inevitably be damaged, resulting in bare slopes. Planting or sowing plants on these engineering slopes to create artificial plant communities has become an effective means of vegetation restoration.

[0003] The configuration of artificial plant communities is a complex and challenging task. It requires consideration of both the short-term effects of vegetation to control early soil erosion and cover bare slopes as early as possible to restore the landscape, and the long-term effects of vegetation to achieve healthy succession and development. At the same time, it is necessary to coordinate interspecific competition among different species, avoid unfavorable competition between dominant species and pioneer and associated species, ensure that pioneer species quickly cover the ground surface, and not seriously affect the establishment of dominant and associated species.

[0004] To improve the adaptability of slope vegetation, the construction of native plant communities on slopes using plant species from the local natural environment has been widely accepted in the academic community. However, due to the significant differences between the growth conditions of plant communities in the natural environment and the slope environment, vegetation establishment is prone to failure, especially since slope moisture conditions have a significant impact on vegetation establishment. Therefore, in practice, it is only possible to screen drought-resistant native plant species through experimental planting. This direct experimental observation is costly, time-consuming, involves a large amount of engineering work, and is complex, with very few species successfully selected. At the same time, due to the variety of slope types and the large differences in slope gradient and aspect, a species that succeeds in planting on one slope may fail to establish on another slope due to changes in moisture conditions.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a method and device for constructing near-natural plant communities on engineering slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of traditional methods for screening drought-resistant plant species through experimental planting being time-consuming, complex, and the resulting plants being unable to adapt to the moisture conditions of the slope, this invention provides a method and apparatus for constructing near-natural plant communities on engineering slopes.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for constructing a near-natural plant community on an engineering slope, the method comprising: Obtain the annual precipitation and slope parameters of the area where the planting site is located, and calculate the effective precipitation for each type of slope. Based on the effective precipitation of each type of slope, a regional database is established according to the water conditions of areas similar to the land to be vegetated, and at least one typical area is selected; wherein, the typical area includes different plant community structures and their water conditions corresponding to different types of slopes. The plant distribution communities of various types of slopes in typical areas were investigated and analyzed, and the dominant species and associated species of the plant distribution communities were determined according to the importance and availability of each species. The surface moisture index of the planting site and various types of slopes in the typical area are calculated respectively. The suitability of the dominant species and associated species for the planting site is evaluated based on the surface moisture index, so as to construct a near-natural plant community for the engineering slope.

[0008] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a near-natural plant community construction device for engineering slopes, the device comprising: The calculation unit is used to obtain the annual precipitation and different types of slope parameters of the area where the planting site is located, and to calculate the effective precipitation of each type of slope. The screening and determination unit is used to establish a regional database based on the effective precipitation of each type of slope and the water conditions of areas similar to the planting area to be planted, and to screen and determine at least one typical area; wherein, the typical area includes different plant community structures and their water conditions corresponding to different types of slopes. The analysis and determination unit is used to investigate and analyze the plant distribution communities of various types of slopes in typical areas, and to determine the dominant species and associated species of the plant distribution community according to the importance and availability of each species. An evaluation construction unit is used to calculate the slope moisture index of the planting site and various types of slopes in the typical area, and to evaluate the suitability of the dominant species and associated species for the planting site based on the slope moisture index, so as to construct a near-natural plant community for the engineering slope.

[0009] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computing device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method described in any embodiment of this specification.

[0010] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed in a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in any embodiment of this specification.

[0011] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method for constructing a near-natural plant community on an engineering slope.

[0012] This invention provides a method for constructing near-natural plant communities on engineering slopes. First, based on the effective rainfall of the slope, a quantitative comparison is performed in a typical area database containing effective rainfall corresponding to different annual rainfall and different types of slopes. This allows for the initial screening and identification of areas with similar water conditions to the proposed planting site. Then, the main dominant species and associated species in these areas are identified and surveyed based on importance and availability to serve as the plants needed for constructing the plant community on the proposed site. This maximizes the potential of the applied plants to adapt to the water conditions of the engineering site, enhancing the applicability of plant species in the proposed planting site. Next, the humidity index of the slope surface of the proposed planting site and areas with similar water conditions is further calculated. This humidity index is used to evaluate the suitability of the selected dominant and associated species for the proposed site, ensuring that the water conditions of the proposed planting site meet the water range requirements for the plant species, thus achieving the rational construction of a natural plant community on the slope of the proposed planting site. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing a near-natural plant community on an engineering slope according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an embodiment of the present invention, which provides an effective precipitation curve corresponding to different annual precipitation and different types of slopes in a typical regional reservoir; Figure 3 This is a hardware architecture diagram of a computing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a near-natural plant community construction device for engineering slopes provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Chinese patent CN112690059B discloses a method for species selection and configuration beneficial to ecological restoration and plant diversity protection along highways. This method first investigates the current status and history of plants, vegetation types, and community structures along the highway, selecting plant communities suitable for different functional zones. Then, it establishes a plant species information database for each plant community and selects native, pioneer, and endemic species from this database. The environmental adaptability characteristics of each species are measured, and the measured data are input into a pre-established linear regression model to select species suitable for ecological restoration along the highway and adapted to different functional zones. This patent is a typical example of obtaining appropriate species through species selection. However, the work of piloting various plants in different areas to observe their adaptability to regional environmental conditions is not only difficult to implement but also requires a high level of expertise and is extremely labor-intensive. Furthermore, setting up plant selection plots for each project would result in significant financial waste. More importantly, this method is not applicable to the construction of plant communities on engineering slopes.

[0017] Therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, the water conditions of various types of engineering slopes in the planting area are obtained by analyzing the water environmental factors of engineering slopes. Natural or artificial plant communities in areas with similar water conditions are investigated, and the main dominant species and associated species in the plant communities are analyzed in combination with the availability and importance of the plants. The water conditions of the planting area and the plant distribution areas with similar water conditions are compared to evaluate the suitability of the water environmental conditions of various slopes in the planting area for these dominant and associated species, thereby selecting suitable plants to construct plant communities.

[0018] The specific implementation of the above concept is described below.

[0019] Please refer to Figure 1 This invention provides a method for constructing near-natural plant communities on engineering slopes, the method comprising: Step 100: Obtain the annual precipitation and slope parameters of the area where the planting site is located, and calculate the effective precipitation for each type of slope. Step 102: Based on the effective precipitation of each type of slope, establish a regional database according to the water conditions of areas similar to the land to be vegetated, and screen and determine at least one typical area; wherein, the typical area includes different plant community structures and their water conditions corresponding to different types of slopes. Step 104: Investigate and analyze the plant distribution communities of various types of slopes in typical areas, and determine the dominant species and associated species of the plant distribution communities according to the importance and availability of each species. Step 106: Calculate the slope moisture index of the planting site and various types of slopes in the typical area, and evaluate the suitability of the dominant species and associated species for the planting site based on the slope moisture index, so as to construct a near-natural plant community for the engineering slope.

[0020] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, based on the effective precipitation of the slope, a quantitative comparison is conducted in a typical area database containing effective precipitation corresponding to slopes with different annual precipitation and different types. This allows for the preliminary screening and identification of areas with similar water conditions to the proposed planting site. Then, based on a comprehensive assessment of importance and availability, the main dominant species and associated species in these areas are identified and surveyed as the plants required for constructing the plant community in the proposed planting site. This maximizes the potential of the applied plants to adapt to the water conditions of the engineering site, enhancing the applicability of plant species in the proposed planting site. Subsequently, the humidity index of the slope surface of the proposed planting site and areas with similar water conditions is further calculated. This humidity index is then used to evaluate the suitability of the selected dominant and associated species for the proposed planting site. This ensures that the water conditions of the proposed planting site meet the water range requirements for the plant species to be planted, achieving the rational construction of the natural plant community on the slope of the proposed planting site.

[0021] For step 100: In some implementations, the slope parameters include slope ratio and slope catchment volume; the effective precipitation for each type of slope is determined based on the annual precipitation of the area where the planting site is located, the slope catchment conditions, and the slope ratio.

[0022] In some specific implementations, the effective precipitation for each type of slope is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, P represents the effective precipitation for each type of slope, a / b is the slope ratio, which is the ratio of the slope height to the projected length of the slope on the horizontal plane. Prec P represents the annual precipitation in the slope area. Runff This refers to the net runoff volume received by the slope surface.

[0023] Considering the significant differences in microclimate environments between different engineering projects, different sections of the same project, and different slope ratios on the same slope, the adaptability of plants often varies considerably. The same plant species may be successfully established in some places, but may fail in others due to the influence of microclimate conditions. Among these, water conditions are a key factor affecting plant adaptability. Therefore, in the process of constructing plant communities on engineering slopes, there may be a risk of failure when transplanting plants that grow on flat or gentle slopes to steep slopes.

[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, when quantitatively analyzing slope moisture conditions, factors such as regional annual precipitation, effective runoff on the slope, and slope ratio are fully considered to determine the actual effective precipitation on the slope surface. This precipitation can better reflect the hydrological information of the slope. Compared with the traditional method of using regional annual precipitation without considering the influence of slope ratio on slope moisture, this method achieves a more accurate quantification of slope moisture conditions. This allows for more precise identification of areas with similar moisture conditions to the planting site, which is beneficial to improving the adaptability of plant communities constructed in the subsequent planting site.

[0025] Regarding step 102: In some implementations, the different plant community structures and their moisture conditions corresponding to different slopes of the same type in the typical area are determined by the following method: The water screening range is determined based on the annual precipitation of the area where the planting site is located. Multiple areas with annual precipitation within the water screening range are screened to form the regional pool. Select regions with abundant engineering case data from the regional database as typical regions. Based on the annual precipitation, slope runoff, and slope ratio of these typical regions, calculate the effective precipitation of different types of slopes in these typical regions. Based on the effective precipitation corresponding to different annual precipitation and different types of slopes, the different plant communities and their moisture conditions corresponding to different types of slopes in the typical area were obtained.

[0026] Considering the poor moisture conditions of engineering slopes, this embodiment of the invention surveys natural or artificial plant communities in surrounding or drier areas to construct a regional database based on the moisture conditions of the surveyed areas. The effective precipitation on the slope of the planting site is then used as a screening criterion to select typical regional databases, thereby obtaining natural areas with similar moisture conditions to the planting site. By identifying the main dominant species and associated species in the surveyed natural area communities and using them as the plants for planting on the engineering slope, the potential of the applied plants to adapt to the moisture conditions of the engineering site can be maximized.

[0027] When selecting and determining the typical area database, the annual precipitation of the area where the planting site is located is first used to determine the water screening range. For example, if the annual precipitation of the area where the planting site is located is 300 mm, the water screening range can be determined as 100-500 mm. Then, multiple surrounding areas with annual precipitation within the above range are screened to determine the area database. In the area database, typical areas are selected based on relevant existing engineering greening case data or on-site surveys of engineering and natural slope plant communities. The slope runoff and slope ratio of the area are further obtained. With the above parameters known, the effective precipitation of the slope is calculated according to the slope effective precipitation calculation formula in step 100. The effective precipitation of the slope under various typical slope ratios and different annual precipitation in the typical area is obtained. By analyzing the various types of slopes, slope vegetation and water conditions of the typical area, it is possible to quickly and effectively identify areas with similar water conditions to the planting site.

[0028] Regarding step 104: In some implementations, step 104 includes the following steps: The importance value of each species in the plant community was calculated separately for the tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer; the species importance value was calculated using the following formula: Importance value IV = (relative abundance + relative height + relative coverage) / 300; Each species is ranked according to its importance value, and at least three of the top-ranked species are designated as the constructive species, while the remaining species are designated as associated species. The availability of the dominant species and associated species was investigated and analyzed separately, and species with poor availability were removed. The availability included the difficulty of obtaining the dominant species and associated species, and the feasibility of seed collection and utilization.

[0029] Regarding the selection of plant species, this embodiment of the invention first conducts a survey and analysis of plant distribution communities in areas with similar water conditions to the proposed planting site. The importance values ​​of dominant species in each of the tree, shrub, and herbaceous layers within the plant distribution community are calculated. Then, based on the importance values, each type is ranked to determine the dominant and associated species of the natural plant community. Finally, the market availability, seed collection difficulty, and utilization feasibility of each plant material are surveyed and analyzed, identifying species with poor availability. This further screens and determines the dominant and associated species of the artificial plant community. In this way, when matching communities, not only can the applicability of plants be improved while ensuring their water adaptability, but the range of plants to be evaluated can also be appropriately narrowed based on their availability, thus reducing the computational workload in a targeted manner.

[0030] Regarding step 106: In some embodiments, the slope wettability index is determined as follows: Meteorological parameters for different types of slopes are obtained; wherein, the meteorological parameters include soil heat flux, daily average air temperature, saturated water vapor pressure and average wind speed of the slope. Based on the geographical parameters and solar radiation parameters of the slope, the net surface radiation of different types of slopes is corrected; wherein, the geographical parameters include the slope gradient and aspect of the slope, and the solar radiation parameters include the sunrise angle, sunset angle and sunshine duration. Based on the corrected net surface radiation and meteorological parameters of the slope, the potential evapotranspiration of different types of slopes is calculated. Based on the effective precipitation and potential evapotranspiration of the slope, the slope wetness index of different types of slopes is obtained.

[0031] Furthermore, considering the significant differences in the tolerance and optimal moisture range of different plants to water stress (such as drought or waterlogging), and the fact that plant growth depends on the actual amount of water in the soil that can be absorbed by the roots, effective precipitation on the slope reflects the water entering the soil, while potential evapotranspiration reflects the maximum capacity of the atmosphere to extract water from the soil and plants. The balance between these two factors determines the soil moisture surplus / deficit and its sustainable supply capacity. Therefore, in this embodiment, the net surface radiation of the slope is corrected by combining geographical parameters and solar radiation parameters for different types of slopes to determine the potential evapotranspiration. By comprehensively considering effective precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, the slope's wetness index is quantitatively calculated. This allows for a more accurate reflection of the dynamic moisture content of the slope soil and the actual water availability in the plant rhizosphere, thus enabling a more precise match between the actual moisture conditions of the slope and the ecophysiological needs of plants, achieving a scientific selection of species for the planting site.

[0032] In some implementations, the net surface radiation is obtained by correcting for the following: Calculate the sunshine duration for different types of slopes based on their slope gradient, aspect, sunrise angle, and sunset angle. In some specific implementations, the number of hours of sunshine It is calculated using the following formula: in, The angle at which sunrise begins on the slope. The final solar radiation angle of the slope is calculated using the following formulas: In the formula, U, V, and W are all parameters. , , α represents the slope in radians (rad), and β represents the aspect in radians (rad). A south-facing slope is defined as 0°, an east-facing slope as -90°, and a west-facing slope as 90°. The latitude is expressed in radians (rad). The solar declination is calculated using the following formula: ; In the formula, This is a radian reference factor. t is the equivalent day sequence number. J represents the day sequence, i.e., the day of the year, with a value ranging from 1 to 365 or 366. For example, January 1st takes a day sequence J of 1. n represents the actual sunshine hours in hours (h). INT represents rounding. Calculate the extraterrestrial radiation of different types of slopes based on the slope gradient, aspect, and horizontal extraterrestrial radiation. In some specific implementations, the extraterrestrial radiation of the slope It is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, The angle at sunset on a horizontal plane, expressed in radians (rad). , Solar magnetic declination, expressed in radians (rad). For horizontal radiation from outside the Earth, the unit is megajoules per square meter per day (MJ·m⁻²·d⁻¹), and Ra is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, Gsc is the solar constant, with a value of 0.0820 MJ·m⁻²·min⁻¹, and dr is the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun in reverse, calculated using the following formula: ; Calculate the net solar radiation and clear-sky solar radiation for different types of slopes based on the external radiation and sunshine hours of the slope. In some specific implementations, net solar radiation R ns It is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, R s This refers to solar shortwave radiation, measured in megajoules per square meter per day (MJ·m⁻²·d⁻¹), a s a is the transmittance coefficient of extraterrestrial radiation reaching the Earth's surface on a cloudy day (n=0). s +b s a is the transmittance of extraterrestrial radiation reaching the Earth's surface on a clear day (n=N). s and b sIt varies with atmospheric conditions (humidity, dust) and solar magnetic declination (latitude and month). When no actual solar radiation data and empirical parameters are available, use the recommended method a. s =0.25, bs=0.50, The maximum possible sunshine duration, expressed in hours (h). α represents Earth's external radiation, measured in megajoules per square meter per day (MJ·m⁻²·d⁻¹), and α represents slope, measured in radians (rad). In some specific implementations, clear-sky solar radiation R s0 It is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, z is the height of the anemometer instrument above the ground, in meters (m). Based on the aforementioned extraterrestrial radiation and clear-sky solar radiation, calculate the long-wave net radiation of different types of slopes; In some specific implementations, the long-wavelength net radiation R nl It is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, The highest Kelvin temperature, e is the lowest Kelvin temperature a R represents the actual water vapor pressure, expressed in kilopascals (kPa). s For solar shortwave radiation, R s0 For clear sky solar radiation, Its Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 4.903 × 10⁻⁶. -9 MJ·K -4 ·m -2 ·day -1 ; Based on the aforementioned net solar radiation and net long-wave radiation, the net surface radiation of different types of slopes is corrected. At this point, the net surface radiation R n The following corrections have been made: .

[0033] Considering that the slope gradient and aspect of different slopes will change the angle of incidence of sunlight, thus directly affecting the solar radiation flux received per unit area of ​​the slope, and that the traditional evapotranspiration calculation formula assumes flat ground, directly using it to calculate the evapotranspiration of engineering slopes will result in deviations, this embodiment of the invention, when calculating the potential evapotranspiration of a slope, comprehensively considers the geographical parameters and solar radiation parameters of the slope to correct for the net radiation of the ground surface, thereby significantly improving the calculation accuracy of slope evapotranspiration under complex terrain conditions, more realistically reflecting the microclimate differences driven by slope topography, and thus providing a more reliable data foundation for the ecological restoration of engineering slopes.

[0034] In some implementations, the potential evapotranspiration of the slope is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, PET represents the potential evapotranspiration of the slope. The slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-temperature curve. This is the corrected net surface radiation. For soil heat flux, Here, T is the hygrometer constant, and T is the daily average temperature. The average wind speed at a height of 2m. The saturated vapor pressure, This is the actual water vapor pressure; In some embodiments, the slope wettability index is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, MI is the slope wetness index, P is the effective precipitation on the slope, and PET is the potential evapotranspiration on the slope.

[0035] In some implementations, the slope moisture index of the slope of the planting site to be planted is compared with the slope moisture index of a region with similar water conditions to the planting site to be planted. The slope plants corresponding to the slope moisture index of the planting site to be planted are identified as the dominant species of the planting site to be planted.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the potential evapotranspiration of the slope is calculated using the corrected net surface radiation, and the humidity of the natural vegetation environment and the engineering slope environment in areas with similar moisture conditions to the engineering planting slope are calculated and quantitatively compared. Plant species in areas with similar moisture conditions but lower slope humidity indices than the slope to be planted are selected as the dominant or associated species of the slope to be planted. By fully considering the influence of microhabitat conditions such as topography, slope, and aspect of plant growth, the moisture conditions of the slope can be guaranteed to meet the moisture range requirements for the planted plants, making it more suitable for slope vegetation restoration.

[0037] To illustrate the method proposed in the embodiments of the present invention, the following examples are provided for detailed explanation: Application Case 1: Greening Design of Linghua Expressway in Gansu Province – Reference Area and Slope Analysis Taking the Lingtai-Huating Expressway in Gansu Province (hereinafter referred to as Linghua Road) as an example, the expressway is 71.5 km long. The meteorological conditions of the project belong to the warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons. The climate is characterized by warm and dry springs, hot and dry summers, southeasterly winds in summer and autumn with abundant and concentrated rainfall, cool and humid autumns, and northwesterly winds in winter with dryness and little rain. The average annual rainfall is about 480 mm.

[0038] In the analysis of slope moisture conditions, the methods of steps 100 and 102 in the embodiments of the present invention were used for analysis, and the specific methods are as follows: Collect typical slope design drawings of Linghua Road to identify the main slopes requiring greening design along the highway: the lower slope of the roadbed (slope ratio 1:1) and the upper slope of the cut (slope ratios 1:0.75 and 1:0.5), with south-facing and north-facing slopes. The Pingliang Meteorological Station is located near Linghua Road; by collecting its precipitation meteorological data, the multi-year average precipitation is found to be 480 mm. Simultaneously, when analyzing the moisture conditions of various types of engineering slopes along Linghua Road, the effective precipitation of various types of engineering slopes in the planting area is quantitatively analyzed and calculated according to regional annual precipitation, slope runoff conditions, and slope ratio. The effective precipitation of typical site slopes in the project is calculated using the effective precipitation formula in step 100. The influence of runoff collection is initially disregarded in the calculation, i.e., P... Runff =0, and the calculation results for various slope moisture conditions are shown in Table 1.

[0039] Table 1. Basic Information on Typical Slopes along the Linghua Expressway The effective precipitation of the slopes along the Linghua Expressway and the typical regional reservoirs with different precipitation areas and typical slope ratios was analyzed. (See...) Figure 2 As shown.

[0040] Combined table and Figure 2 Analysis of effective precipitation at three engineering sites (slope ratios) along the Linghua Expressway allows for a preliminary assessment of the suitability of various slope ratios for effective precipitation in areas with precipitation below 600mm. For example, for a 1:1 slope, plant species with slopes steeper than 1:0.75 in areas with 550mm precipitation, steeper than 1:0.5 in areas with 600mm precipitation, and steeper than 1:1.5 in areas with 400mm precipitation can be used. For a 1:0.75 slope, plant species with slopes steeper than 1:0.5 in areas with 600mm precipitation and steeper than 1:1 in areas with 400mm precipitation can be used. For a 1:0.5 slope, plant species with slopes steeper than 1:0.3 in areas with 600mm and 500mm precipitation, steeper than 1:0.75 in areas with 350mm precipitation, and steeper than 1:1 in areas with 300mm precipitation can be used.

[0041] In this embodiment, the effective precipitation of the 1:0.3 slope is 147 mm. If greening is required, areas in Gansu with 100-150 mm precipitation can be screened, mainly including Jiuquan Subei Station (152.5 mm), Gaotai (112 mm), Linze (113 mm), Zhangye (132 mm), and Minqin (113 mm). If greening is required for the 1:0.3 slope, the dominant species of natural vegetation in these areas can be selected as the slope initiation species. However, the Linghua project does not green such slopes, so this study will not conduct further analysis.

[0042] The areas with rainfall levels matching those of the slopes to be greened along the Linghua Expressway are quite extensive. For example, the 300mm rainfall line area includes Xining and Haidong in Qinghai, Lanzhou and Dingxi in Gansu, Yinchuan and Zhongwei in Ningxia, Yulin in Shaanxi, and Datong in Shanxi. The 400mm rainfall line runs along the Greater Khingan Mountains—Zhangjiakou—Lanzhou—Lhasa—southeast end of the Himalayas, and areas along these lines are selected as candidate regions. Further, neighboring areas of Lanzhou in Gansu and Xining in Qinghai (with rainfall roughly between 300-400mm) with relatively rich greening data were selected as two typical regions to investigate the plant species successfully planted along several expressways. These include: the Lanzhou-Dingxi Expressway, calculated using an interpolation of approximately 309mm between Lanzhou's 2015 rainfall of 271mm and Dingxi's 347mm; and the annual rainfall in Xining, Qinghai (400mm), Jianzha (347mm), Ping'an (338mm), and Xunhua (272mm).

[0043] Along the Ping'an-Jianzha Expressway (annual precipitation 343mm), the natural vegetation coverage is less than 30%, which is a typical desert vegetation type. The slope ratio on the highway is 1:0.75, with Caragana korshinskii and Tamarix chinensis forming the slope (effective precipitation of the slope is 205mm). Both can be used for the 1:0.75 slope of the Linghua Expressway (annual precipitation 480mm) (effective precipitation of the slope is 288mm). Along the Xining-Ping'an Expressway (average annual rainfall estimated at 350mm), the embankment has a 1:1.5 slope, where artificial vegetation such as Caragana korshinskii, Tamarix chinensis, and Alfalfa has been successfully established (effective rainfall of the slope is 291mm). This indicates that Caragana korshinskii, Tamarix chinensis, and Alfalfa can also be used on the 1:1.5 slope of the Linghua Expressway (effective rainfall of the slope is 399mm). However, along the Jianzha-Xunhua Expressway (average annual rainfall 305mm), the 1:1 slope is bare, and no Caragana korshinskii or Tamarix chinensis has been established (effective rainfall of the slope is 216mm). A survey of production practices along the route revealed both successful and unsuccessful cases, with poor vegetation coverage. However, in some sections, Nitraria tangutorum has been established, suggesting that the application of Caragana korshinskii and Tamarix chinensis on the 1:0.5 slope of the Linghua Expressway may also face the risk of establishment failure (effective rainfall of the slope is 214mm).

[0044] The embankment along the Lanzhou-Dingxi Expressway (with an average annual rainfall of 309 mm) has a 1:1.5 slope and has been successfully constructed using plant species such as Amorpha fruticosa, Caragana korshinskii, and Tamarix chinensis (with an effective annual rainfall of 257 mm). This indicates that Amorpha fruticosa, Caragana korshinskii, and Tamarix chinensis can also be used on the lower slope of the Linghua Expressway (with an effective annual rainfall of 399 mm). The upper slope of the Linghua Expressway is 1:0.75 (with an effective annual rainfall of 288 mm), which is only slightly different from the rainfall (309-288=21 mm), so Amorpha fruticosa, Caragana korshinskii, and Tamarix chinensis can also be used.

[0045] Therefore, it is preliminarily determined that plants such as Amorpha fruticosa, Caragana korshinskii, and Tamarix chinensis can be used on the 1:0.75 slope of the Linghua Expressway; however, the application of Caragana korshinskii and Tamarix chinensis on the 1:0.5 slope carries the risk of both success and failure, and it is necessary to strengthen related technologies such as slope water retention, or to select the more drought-resistant shrub, Nitraria tangutorum.

[0046] Application Case 2: Survey and Analysis of Plant Communities along Expressways in Xining Area, Qinghai Province (a Typical Region) The method described in step 104 of this embodiment of the invention is used to analyze the plant distribution community in an area with similar water conditions to the planting site to be established. The specific method is as follows: According to calculations in Case Study 1, the effective precipitation for slopes with ratios of 1:0.5, 1:0.75, and 1:1 are 214.7 mm, 288.0 mm, and 339.4 mm, respectively. Further investigation was conducted on the vegetation of relevant highway slopes in the Xining region, with similar moisture conditions and precipitation levels ranging from Xunhua (272 mm) to Xining (400 mm). Species importance was ranked, and the top two species in each community were selected as the dominant species for the artificial plant community, with the remainder as associated species. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0047] Table 2. Importance values ​​of plant communities and species in the habitat. From Table 2, the initial selection of community-building species includes Caragana korshinskii, Tamarix chinensis, Elm, Hedyotis diffusa, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Salix matsudana. Associated species could include Elm, Leonurus japonicus, Artemisia argyi, Stellaria media, Plantago asiatica, Barnyard grass, Cnidium monnieri, Alfalfa, Leymus chinensis, Potentilla chinensis, Iris tectorum, Clematis chinensis, Geranium wilfordii, Thistle, Convolvulus arvense, Chrysanthemum indicum, and Festuca buergeriana. Further research revealed that seeds of Caragana korshinskii, Elm, Hippophae rhamnoides, Alfalfa, Leymus chinensis, Stellaria media, and Festuca buergeriana are available on the market. While Tamarix chinensis and Salix matsudana do not have seeds, cuttings are available, and cutting propagation is widely used in production practice, indicating a relatively mature technique. Based on this, Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides, Alfalfa, and Festuca buergeriana are preliminarily selected as community-building and associate species due to their high availability.

[0048] Application Case 3: Calculation of Slope Moisture Content and Analysis of Plant Adaptability for Highways Along the Linghua Expressway in Gansu and Xining Region in Qinghai Step 106 in this embodiment of the invention further compares the slope moisture index of the slope of the project to be vegetated with that of the plant distribution area in a similar moisture region to assess the suitability of these species for the project slope. This mainly involves calculating the moisture environmental factors of these plant species in the Xining plant distribution area, namely, effective precipitation, potential evaporation and slope moisture index, as well as the moisture environmental factors of the slope of the Linghua Expressway in Gansu. To simplify the relevant calculations, the calculation is illustrated using meteorological data from June 2015 as an example.

[0049] Based on the calculation method and steps provided in step 106 of this embodiment, we can calculate and obtain a summary table of moisture conditions for typical sample plot slopes in Xining area, as shown in Table 3.

[0050] Table 3. Moisture conditions of typical sample plots on slopes along highways in typical areas. Note: Precipitation data from the site meteorological station were calculated using data from a nearby meteorological station.

[0051] Based on the calculation methods and steps provided in this patent, a list of moisture conditions for various types of slopes along the Linghua Expressway can be further calculated and obtained, as shown in Table 4.

[0052] Table 4. Overview of Moisture Conditions for Various Types of Slopes Along the Linghua Expressway By comparing the rainfall and humidity index of the slopes of the proposed planting project and slopes in areas with similar water conditions, it can be seen that the rainfall and humidity of the Linghua Expressway are greater than those of the reference highways in the selected typical areas. The plant species used on these highways can all be used for the vegetation restoration of the slopes of the Linghua Expressway.

[0053] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, this invention provides a device for constructing near-natural plant communities on engineering slopes. The device can be implemented via software, hardware, or a combination of both. From a hardware perspective, as... Figure 3 The diagram shown is a hardware architecture diagram of a computing device for constructing a near-natural plant community on an engineering slope, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. (Except for...) Figure 4 In addition to the processor, memory, network interface, and non-volatile memory shown, the computing device in the embodiment may also include other hardware, such as a forwarding chip responsible for processing packets. Taking software implementation as an example, such as... Figure 4 As shown, as a logical device, it is formed by the CPU of its computing device reading the corresponding computer program from the non-volatile memory into memory and running it. This embodiment provides a near-natural plant community construction device for engineering slopes, the device comprising: The calculation unit 401 is used to obtain the annual precipitation and different types of slope parameters of the area where the planting site is located, and to calculate the effective precipitation of each type of slope respectively. The screening and determination unit 402 is used to establish a regional database based on the effective precipitation of each type of slope and the water conditions of areas similar to the planting area to be planted, and to screen and determine at least one typical area; wherein, the typical area includes different plant community structures and their water conditions corresponding to different types of slopes. Analysis and determination unit 403 is used to investigate and analyze the plant distribution communities of various types of slopes in typical areas, and to determine the dominant species and associated species of the plant distribution community according to the importance and availability of each species. The evaluation construction unit 404 is used to calculate the slope moisture index of the planting site and various types of slopes in the typical area, and to evaluate the suitability of the dominant species and associated species for the planting site based on the slope moisture index, so as to construct a near-natural plant community of the engineering slope.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the slope parameters include slope ratio and slope runoff; the effective precipitation for each type of slope is determined based on the annual precipitation, slope runoff conditions and slope ratio of the area where the planting site is located.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the effective precipitation for each type of slope is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, P represents the effective precipitation for each type of slope, a / b is the slope ratio, which is the ratio of the slope height to the projected length of the slope on the horizontal plane. PrecP represents the annual precipitation in the slope area. Runnoff This refers to the net runoff volume received by the slope surface.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present invention, the different plant community structures and their moisture conditions corresponding to different slopes of the same type in the typical area are determined by the following method: The water screening range is determined based on the annual precipitation of the area where the planting site is located. Multiple areas with annual precipitation within the water screening range are screened to form a regional pool. Select regions with abundant relevant engineering project case data from the regional database as typical regions. Based on the annual precipitation, slope runoff, and slope ratio of these typical regions, calculate the effective precipitation of different types of slopes within the typical regions. Based on the effective precipitation corresponding to different annual precipitation and different types of slopes, the different plant communities and their moisture conditions corresponding to different types of slopes in the typical area were obtained.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, the investigation and analysis of plant distribution communities of various types of slopes in typical areas, and the determination of the dominant species and associated species of the plant distribution community according to the importance and availability of each species, includes: Calculate the importance value of each species in the plant distribution community in each dominant layer, namely the tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer; Each species is ranked according to its importance value, and at least three of the top-ranked species are designated as the constructive species, while the remaining species are designated as associated species. The availability of the dominant species and associated species was investigated and analyzed separately, and species with poor availability were removed to obtain the dominant species and associated species of the artificial plant community to be established. The availability included the difficulty of obtaining the dominant species and associated species and the feasibility of seed collection and utilization.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, the slope wettability index is determined as follows: Meteorological parameters for different types of slopes are obtained; wherein, the meteorological parameters include soil heat flux, daily average air temperature, saturated water vapor pressure and average wind speed of the slope. Based on the geographical parameters and solar radiation parameters of the slope, the net surface radiation of different types of slopes is corrected; wherein, the geographical parameters include the slope gradient and aspect of the slope, and the solar radiation parameters include the sunrise angle, sunset angle and sunshine duration. Based on the corrected net surface radiation and meteorological parameters of the slope, the potential evapotranspiration of different types of slopes is calculated. Based on the effective precipitation and potential evapotranspiration of the slope, the slope wetness index of different types of slopes is obtained.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the net surface radiation is obtained by correction in the following manner: Calculate the sunshine duration for different types of slopes based on the sunrise and sunset angles of the slopes; Calculate the extraterrestrial radiation of different types of slopes based on the slope gradient, aspect, and horizontal extraterrestrial radiation. Calculate the net solar radiation and clear-sky solar radiation for different types of slopes based on the external radiation and sunshine hours of the slope. Based on the aforementioned extraterrestrial radiation and clear-sky solar radiation, calculate the long-wave net radiation of different types of slopes; Based on the aforementioned net solar radiation and net long-wave radiation, the net surface radiation of different types of slopes is corrected.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the potential evapotranspiration of the slope is calculated by the following formula: In the formula, PET represents the potential evapotranspiration of the slope. The slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-temperature curve. This is the corrected net surface radiation. For soil heat flux, Here, T is the hygrometer constant, and T is the daily average temperature. The average wind speed at a height of 2m. The saturated vapor pressure, This is the actual water vapor pressure; The slope wettability index is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, MI is the slope wetness index, P is the effective precipitation on the slope, and PET is the potential evapotranspiration on the slope.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the slope moisture index of the slope to be planted is compared with the slope moisture index of the typical area, and the slope plants corresponding to the slope moisture index of the slope to be planted that are less than the slope moisture index of the slope to be planted are identified as the dominant species or associated species of the slope to be planted.

[0062] It is understood that the structures illustrated in the embodiments of the present invention do not constitute a specific limitation on a near-natural vegetation community construction device for engineering slopes. In other embodiments of the present invention, a near-natural vegetation community construction device for engineering slopes may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine some components, or split some components, or arrange different components. The illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0063] The information interaction and execution process between the modules in the above-mentioned device are based on the same concept as the method embodiment of the present invention, and the specific details can be found in the description of the method embodiment of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.

[0064] This invention also provides a computing device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements a method for constructing a near-natural plant community on an engineering slope according to any embodiment of this invention.

[0065] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform a method for constructing a near-natural plant community on an engineering slope according to any embodiment of this invention.

[0066] Specifically, a system or apparatus equipped with a storage medium may be provided, on which software program code implementing the functions of any of the embodiments described above is stored, and the computer (or CPU or MPU) of the system or apparatus may read and execute the program code stored in the storage medium.

[0067] In this case, the program code read from the storage medium can itself implement the function of any of the above embodiments, and therefore the program code and the storage medium storing the program code constitute part of the present invention.

[0068] Storage media embodiments for providing program code include floppy disks, hard disks, magneto-optical disks, optical disks (such as CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW), magnetic tapes, non-volatile memory cards, and ROMs. Alternatively, program code can be downloaded from a server computer via a communication network.

[0069] Furthermore, it should be clear that not only can the program code read by the computer be executed, but also the operating system or other components operating on the computer can be instructed based on the program code to perform some or all of the actual operations, thereby realizing the function of any of the embodiments described above.

[0070] Furthermore, it is understood that the program code read from the storage medium is written to the memory set in the expansion board inserted into the computer or to the memory set in the expansion module connected to the computer. Then, based on the instructions of the program code, the CPU or other components installed on the expansion board or expansion module execute some and all of the actual operations, thereby realizing the function of any of the above embodiments.

[0071] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set, wherein the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement a method for constructing a near-natural plant community on an engineering slope provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0072] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing near-natural plant communities on engineering slopes, characterized in that, include: Obtain the annual precipitation and slope parameters of the area where the planting site is located, and calculate the effective precipitation for each type of slope. Based on the effective precipitation of each type of slope, a regional database is established according to the water conditions of areas similar to the land to be vegetated, and at least one typical area is selected; wherein, the typical area includes different plant community structures and their water conditions corresponding to different types of slopes. The plant distribution communities of various types of slopes in typical areas were investigated and analyzed, and the dominant species and associated species of the plant distribution communities were determined according to the importance and availability of each species. The surface moisture index of the planting site and various types of slopes in the typical area are calculated respectively. The suitability of the dominant species and associated species for the planting site is evaluated based on the surface moisture index, so as to construct a near-natural plant community for the engineering slope.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope parameters include the slope ratio and the slope catchment volume; and / or The effective precipitation for each type of slope is determined based on the annual precipitation of the area where the planting site is located, the slope's water catchment conditions, and the slope ratio.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The effective precipitation for each type of slope is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, P represents the effective precipitation for each type of slope, a / b is the slope ratio, which is the ratio of the slope height to the projected length of the slope on the horizontal plane. Prec P represents the annual precipitation in the slope area. Runff This refers to the net runoff volume received by the slope surface.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The different plant community structures and their moisture conditions corresponding to different slopes of the same type in the typical area were determined in the following way: The water screening range is determined based on the annual precipitation of the area where the planting site is located. Multiple areas with annual precipitation within the water screening range are screened to form a regional pool. Select regions with abundant relevant engineering project case data from the regional database as typical regions. Based on the annual precipitation, slope runoff, and slope ratio of these typical regions, calculate the effective precipitation of different types of slopes within the typical regions. Based on the effective precipitation corresponding to different annual precipitation and different types of slopes, the different plant communities and their moisture conditions corresponding to different types of slopes in the typical area were obtained.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The survey analyzed the plant distribution communities of various types of slopes in typical areas, and determined the dominant and associated species of the plant distribution communities according to the importance and availability of each species, including: Calculate the importance value of each species in the plant distribution community in each dominant layer, namely the tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer; Each species is ranked according to its importance value, and at least three of the top-ranked species are designated as the constructive species, while the remaining species are designated as associated species. The availability of the dominant species and associated species was investigated and analyzed separately, and species with poor availability were removed to obtain the dominant species and associated species of the artificial plant community to be established. The availability included the difficulty of obtaining the dominant species and associated species and the feasibility of seed collection and utilization.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope wettability index is determined as follows: Meteorological parameters for different types of slopes are obtained; wherein, the meteorological parameters include soil heat flux, daily average air temperature, saturated water vapor pressure and average wind speed of the slope. Based on the geographical parameters and solar radiation parameters of the slope, the net surface radiation of different types of slopes is corrected; wherein, the geographical parameters include the slope gradient and aspect of the slope, and the solar radiation parameters include the sunrise angle, sunset angle and sunshine duration. Based on the corrected net surface radiation and meteorological parameters of the slope, the potential evapotranspiration of different types of slopes is calculated. Based on the effective precipitation and potential evapotranspiration of the slope, the slope wetness index of different types of slopes is obtained.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The net surface radiation is obtained by correcting for the following: Calculate the sunshine duration for different types of slopes based on the sunrise and sunset angles of the slopes; Calculate the extraterrestrial radiation of different types of slopes based on the slope gradient, aspect, and horizontal extraterrestrial radiation. Calculate the net solar radiation and clear-sky solar radiation for different types of slopes based on the external radiation and sunshine hours of the slope. Based on the aforementioned extraterrestrial radiation and clear-sky solar radiation, calculate the long-wave net radiation of different types of slopes; Based on the aforementioned net solar radiation and net long-wave radiation, the net surface radiation of different types of slopes is corrected.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The potential evapotranspiration of the slope is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, PET represents the potential evapotranspiration of the slope. The slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-temperature curve. This is the corrected net surface radiation. For soil heat flux, Here, T is the hygrometer constant, and T is the daily average temperature. The average wind speed at a height of 2m. The saturated vapor pressure, This is the actual water vapor pressure; And / or, The slope wettability index is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, MI is the slope wetness index, P is the effective precipitation on the slope, and PET is the potential evapotranspiration on the slope.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The slope moisture index of the slope to be planted is compared with that of the typical area, and the slope plants corresponding to the slope moisture index of the slope to be planted are identified as the dominant species or associated species of the slope to be planted.

10. A device for constructing near-natural plant communities on engineering slopes, characterized in that, The device includes: The calculation unit is used to obtain the annual precipitation and different types of slope parameters of the area where the planting site is located, and to calculate the effective precipitation of each type of slope. The screening and determination unit is used to establish a regional database based on the effective precipitation of each type of slope and the water conditions of areas similar to the planting area to be planted, and to screen and determine at least one typical area; wherein, the typical area includes different plant community structures and their water conditions corresponding to different types of slopes. The analysis and determination unit is used to investigate and analyze the plant distribution communities of various types of slopes in typical areas, and to determine the dominant species and associated species of the plant distribution community according to the importance and availability of each species. An evaluation construction unit is used to calculate the slope moisture index of the planting site and various types of slopes in the typical area, and to evaluate the suitability of the dominant species and associated species for the planting site based on the slope moisture index, so as to construct a near-natural plant community for the engineering slope.

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