Polarization-adjustable dual-circular-polarization full-duplex antenna radio frequency front end

Abstract

The invention discloses a polarization-adjustable dual-circularly-polarized full-duplex antenna radio frequency front end. The front end comprises a dual-circularly-polarized antenna unit, two dielectric duplexers, a T module and an R module. The antenna unit is provided with a left-handed circular polarization port and a right-handed circular polarization port which are respectively connected to common ports of the two dielectric duplexers. The T module comprises a transmitting single-pole double-throw switch, a power amplifier, a transmitting surface acoustic wave filter and a transmitting amplitude-phase multifunctional chip, and is selectively connected to a transmitting port of any dielectric duplexer through the switch; and the R module comprises a receiving single-pole double-throw switch, a low-noise amplifier, a receiving surface acoustic wave filter and a receiving amplitude-phase multifunctional chip, and is selectively connected to a receiving port of any dielectric duplexer through the switch. By controlling the switching states of the two groups of switches, independent and flexible configuration of receiving and transmitting circular polarization signals can be realized, four polarization working modes are supported, and the polarization diversity capability and the integration degree of the system are remarkably improved while high isolation and low loss are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of phased array antenna technology, and more specifically, to a polarization-tunable dual-circular polarization full-duplex antenna radio frequency front-end. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, wireless communication technology has developed rapidly, placing higher demands on the design of antennas and RF front-end systems. As a key component of wireless communication systems, antennas are located at the forefront of signal transmission and reception, and their performance directly affects the communication quality of the entire system. Currently, antenna design is increasingly trending towards miniaturization, easy integration, high gain, multi-band, and wide bandwidth. In mobile communication environments, multipath fading and co-channel interference significantly reduce the system's signal-to-noise ratio, thus limiting channel capacity. To address this issue, diversity techniques are often used to improve channel isolation and suppress interference. Polarization diversity, as an effective method, integrates two different polarization modes in the same antenna system to achieve independent transmission and reception of signals in two polarization directions. This technology can fully utilize the spatial degrees of freedom of electromagnetic waves, improve spectrum utilization efficiency and system anti-interference capability, thereby significantly improving communication performance. Simultaneously, polarization diversity antennas feature compact layout and high space utilization, better aligning with the development trend of lightweight, miniaturized, and portable equipment. Therefore, in high-frequency communication systems such as 5G millimeter-wave, realizing phased array antenna transceiver systems with polarization diversity capabilities has become an important research direction.

[0003] In traditional dual-circular polarization RF receiver front-end designs, the antenna's dual feed points are typically connected to a 90° bridge, and the two output ports of the bridge are then connected to the corresponding polarization receiving channels. A switch is used to switch between left-hand and right-hand circular polarization signals. However, this structure is generally only suitable for receiving systems. If further integrated into a full-duplex transceiver system, insufficient transmit / receive isolation can cause severe interference from the transmitted signal to the receiving channel, affecting normal system operation. In full-duplex RF front-end designs, in addition to ensuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving channel and low loss in the transmitting channel, sufficient transmit / receive isolation must also be ensured. This typically requires the introduction of additional components such as ring isolators to enhance isolation performance, leading to a more complex system structure, increased component count, and decreased integration, making it difficult to meet the current communication system requirements for miniaturization and high integration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a polarization-adjustable dual circular polarization full-duplex antenna RF front end. By controlling the switching state of two sets of switches, the independent and flexible configuration of receiving and transmitting circularly polarized signals can be realized, supporting four polarization working modes. While ensuring high isolation and low loss, it significantly improves the polarization diversity capability and integration of the system.

[0005] The objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, this application proposes a polarization-tunable dual-circularly polarized full-duplex antenna radio frequency front-end, comprising: Antenna element, the antenna element is a dual circularly polarized antenna with a left-hand circularly polarized port and a right-hand circularly polarized port; A first dielectric duplexer and a second dielectric duplexer, wherein the common port of the first dielectric duplexer is connected to the left-hand circularly polarized port of the antenna element, and the common port of the second dielectric duplexer is connected to the right-hand circularly polarized port of the antenna element. The T module includes a transmit single-pole double-throw switch, a power amplifier, a transmit surface acoustic wave filter, and a transmit amplitude-phase multifunction chip. The T module is selectively connected to the transmit input port of the first medium duplexer or the transmit input port of the second medium duplexer through the transmit single-pole double-throw switch. The R module includes a receiving single-pole double-throw switch, a low-noise amplifier, a receiving surface acoustic wave filter, and a receiving amplitude-phase multifunction chip. The R module is selectively connected to the receiving output port of the first medium duplexer or the receiving output port of the second medium duplexer via the receiving single-pole double-throw switch.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the polarization configuration for receiving and transmitting circularly polarized signals is achieved by controlling the switching states of the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch and the receiving single-pole double-throw switch.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the T module and R module employ BGA-packaged housings or integrated MMIC chips.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the dual circularly polarized antenna, the first dielectric duplexer, the second dielectric duplexer, the T module, and the R module are all mounted on the PCB.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the dual circularly polarized antenna is located on the front side of the PCB, while the first dielectric duplexer, the second dielectric duplexer, the T module, and the R module are located on the back side of the PCB.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch is a GaN single-pole double-throw switch, and the receiving single-pole double-throw switch is a GaAs single-pole double-throw switch.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the radio frequency front-ends of the dual-circularly polarized full-duplex antennas are arranged in a dual-circularly polarized antenna array with a fixed spacing.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the switching between the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch and the receiving single-pole double-throw switch is used to achieve receiving a left-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a left-hand circularly polarized signal, receiving a left-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a right-hand circularly polarized signal, receiving a right-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a right-hand circularly polarized signal, and receiving a right-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a left-hand circularly polarized signal.

[0013] The main solution and its various further alternatives described above can be freely combined to form multiple solutions, all of which are solutions that can be adopted and are claimed in this application; furthermore, the (non-conflicting alternatives) can also be freely combined with each other and with other alternatives. Those skilled in the art, after understanding the solution of this application, will realize from the prior art and common general knowledge that there are many combinations, all of which are technical solutions to be protected in this application, and will not be exhaustively listed here.

[0014] This application discloses a polarization-tunable dual-circularly polarized full-duplex antenna RF front-end, which includes a dual-circularly polarized antenna element, two dielectric duplexers, a T-module, and an R-module. The antenna element has two circularly polarized ports, one left-handed and one right-handed, connected to the common port of the two dielectric duplexers respectively. The T-module includes a transmit single-pole double-throw switch, a power amplifier, a transmit surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter, and a transmit amplitude-phase multifunction chip, and is selectively connected to the transmit port of either dielectric duplexer via a switch. The R-module includes a receive single-pole double-throw switch, a low-noise amplifier, a receive SAW filter, and a receive amplitude-phase multifunction chip, and is selectively connected to the receive port of either dielectric duplexer via a switch. By controlling the switching states of the two sets of switches, independent and flexible configuration of the received and transmitted circularly polarized signals can be achieved, supporting four polarization operating modes. While ensuring high isolation and low loss, it significantly improves the polarization diversity capability and integration of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a polarization-tunable dual-circular polarization full-duplex antenna radio frequency front-end proposed in an embodiment of this application.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the switching state of the receiving left-hand rotation and transmitting left-hand rotation working modes.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the switching state of the receiving left-hand rotation and transmitting right-hand rotation working modes.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the switching status of the receiving right-hand rotation and transmitting right-hand rotation working modes.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the switching state of the receiving right-hand rotation and transmitting left-hand rotation working modes.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the radio frequency front end of a polarization-tunable dual-circular polarization full-duplex antenna.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the radio frequency front end of a polarization-tunable dual-circular polarization full-duplex antenna.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the device layout for the T module.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the device layout for the R module.

[0025] Reference numerals: 1-Antenna element; 101-Left-hand circular polarization port; 102-Right-hand circular polarization port; 2-First dielectric duplexer; 201-Common port of the first dielectric duplexer; 202-Transmit input port of the first dielectric duplexer; 203-Receive output port of the first dielectric duplexer; 3-Second dielectric duplexer; 301-Common port of the second dielectric duplexer; 302-Transmit input port of the second dielectric duplexer; 303-Receive output port of the second dielectric duplexer; 4-T module; 401-Transmit single-pole double-throw switch; 402-Power amplifier; 403-Transmit surface acoustic wave filter; 404-Transmit amplitude and phase multifunction chip; 405-Left-hand transmit output of T module; 406-Right-hand transmit output of T module; 407-Transmit input port of T module; 5- R module; 501 - Receiver single-pole double-throw switch; 502 - Low noise amplifier; 503 - Receiver surface acoustic wave filter; 504 - Receiver amplitude and phase multifunction chip; 505 - Left-hand rotary receiver input of R module; 506 - Right-hand rotary receiver input of R module; 507 - Receiver output port of R module. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0027] Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] In existing technologies, traditional dual-circularly polarized RF receiver front-end systems typically connect the antenna's dual feed points to a 90° bridge, with each of the bridge's two ports connected to a different polarized RF channel. Left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals are received by switching the on / off states. However, this design is generally only suitable for receiver front-end systems. If integrated with a transmitter front-end system, insufficient transmit / receive isolation can lead to severe interference from the transmitter, causing the system to malfunction. In full-duplex transmission and reception, the RF front-end must not only ensure a good signal-to-noise ratio for the receiver channel and low loss and heat dissipation in the transmitter channel, but also guarantee adequate transmit / receive isolation. Therefore, compared to a standalone receiver / transmitter system, additional components such as ring isolators are required to increase isolation. This architecture makes the RF front-end design of dual-circularly polarized transceiver antennas complex, involves numerous components, is difficult to integrate, and fails to meet the miniaturization requirements of the system.

[0029] Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application proposes a polarization-tunable dual-circular polarization full-duplex antenna RF front-end, which breaks through the existing traditional architecture scheme and achieves polarization tunability while meeting the characteristics of full-duplex transmission and reception, high isolation, and low cost of RF front-end.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This paper illustrates a schematic diagram of a polarization-tunable dual-circular polarization full-duplex antenna RF front-end according to an embodiment of this application, including: Antenna element 1 is a dual-circularly polarized antenna with a left-hand circularly polarized port 101 and a right-hand circularly polarized port 102. First dielectric duplexer 2 and second dielectric duplexer 3, the common port 201 of the first dielectric duplexer 2 is connected to the left-hand circular polarization port 101 of the antenna element 1, and the common port 301 of the second dielectric duplexer 3 is connected to the right-hand circular polarization port 102 of the antenna element 1. T-module 4 includes a transmit single-pole double-throw switch 401, a power amplifier 402, a transmit surface acoustic wave filter 403, and a transmit amplitude and phase multifunction chip 404. T-module 4 is selectively connected to the transmit input port 202 of the first medium duplexer 2 or the transmit input port 302 of the second medium duplexer 3 through the transmit single-pole double-throw switch 401. R module 5 includes a receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501, a low-noise amplifier 502, a receiving surface acoustic wave filter 503, and a receiving amplitude-phase multifunction chip 504. R module 5 is selectively connected to the receiving output port 203 of the first medium duplexer 2 or the receiving output port 303 of the second medium duplexer 3 through the receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501.

[0031] The left-hand circular polarization port 101 of the antenna array is connected to the common port 201 of the first dielectric duplexer 2. The left-hand transmit input port of the dielectric duplexer is connected to the left-hand transmit output port of the T module 4, and the left-hand receive output port of the dielectric duplexer is connected to the left-hand receive input port of the R module 5. The right-hand circular polarization port 102 of the antenna array is connected to the common port 301 of the second dielectric duplexer 3. The right-hand transmit input port of the dielectric duplexer is connected to the right-hand transmit output port of the T module 4, and the left-hand receive output port 303 of the dielectric duplexer is connected to the left-hand receive input port of the R module 5. Finally, the receive output port 507 of the R module 5 is connected to the R_out port, and the transmit input port 407 of the T module 4 is connected to the T_in port.

[0032] Antenna element 1, serving as the carrier for electromagnetic wave radiation and reception, employs a dual-circularly polarized antenna with two independent feed ports (left-hand and right-hand), enabling polarization diversity and reconfigurability. The first and second dielectric duplexers 3 are core components for achieving full-duplex operation and high transmit / receive isolation. Connected to the left-hand and right-hand ports of antenna element 1 respectively, they enable frequency separation of the transmitted and received signals on a single RF channel. This structurally replaces the additional isolation devices required in traditional solutions, simplifying the system structure and ensuring that the transmit and receive links do not interfere with each other when operating simultaneously.

[0033] Module 4, as the transmitting module, integrates a transmitting single-pole double-throw switch 401, a power amplifier 402, a transmitting surface acoustic wave filter 403, and a transmitting amplitude-phase multi-function chip 404. Through the dynamic switching of the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch 401, the amplified and filtered transmitting signal can be selected to be fed into either a left-handed or right-handed dielectric duplexer. The circular polarization radiation direction of the transmitting link is no longer fixed but can be flexibly selected through electronic control, thus achieving adjustable transmitting polarization.

[0034] Module 5, as the receiving module, integrates a receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501, a low-noise amplifier 502, a receiving surface acoustic wave filter 503, and a receiving amplitude-phase multifunction chip 504. By switching the receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501, signals can be received from either the left-hand or right-hand polarization port. This allows the receiving link to be independent of the transmitting link, freely selecting which polarization of the incoming wave to receive, thus achieving adjustable receiving polarization.

[0035] By controlling the state of the single-pole double-throw switches in T module 4 and R module 5, this front end can independently and dynamically configure the circular polarization direction of transmission and reception, thereby combining at least four different operating modes. This architecture not only achieves flexible polarization adjustment and high full-duplex isolation with a simplified hardware design, but also is easy to integrate and expand in phased arrays due to its modular design.

[0036] By controlling the switching states of the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch 401 and the receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501, the polarization configuration for receiving and transmitting circularly polarized signals can be achieved.

[0037] The switching of the transmit switch determines whether the excitation signal is radiated through the left-hand or right-hand circular polarization channel, thus dynamically configuring the circular polarization direction (left-hand or right-hand) of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. The switching of the receive switch determines whether the receive link selectively receives signals from the left-hand or right-hand port of the antenna, thus dynamically configuring the circular polarization sensitivity direction of the receive circuit. This independent electronic control capability for transmit and receive polarization states enables the RF front-end to adapt to different communication scenarios and polarization diversity requirements in real time. Without changing the physical structure, it can realize four different polarization operating modes such as "receive left, transmit right" and "receive right, transmit left", thereby improving the system's anti-interference capability, channel capacity, and spectrum utilization.

[0038] Modules T4 and R5 use BGA-packaged housings or integrated MMIC chips.

[0039] The dual circularly polarized antenna, the first dielectric duplexer 2, the second dielectric duplexer 3, the T module 4, and the R module 5 are all mounted on the PCB.

[0040] The dual circularly polarized antenna is located on the front of the PCB, while the first dielectric duplexer 2, the second dielectric duplexer 3, the T module 4, and the R module 5 are located on the back of the PCB.

[0041] The dual circularly polarized antenna, the first dielectric duplexer 2, the second dielectric duplexer 3, the T module 4, and the R module 5 are all mounted on the same PCB. This integrated layout is not only key to achieving miniaturization and compact structure of the front end, but also forms a highly integrated and easily mass-producible independent unit in physical space by placing the antenna on the front of the PCB and concentrating other functional modules on the back. This arrangement not only optimizes the high-frequency signal transmission path but also reduces interconnection losses.

[0042] The transmitting single-pole double-throw switch 401 is a GaN single-pole double-throw switch, and the receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501 is a GaAs single-pole double-throw switch.

[0043] The transmitting single-pole double-throw switch 401 is a GaN (gallium nitride) switch, while the receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501 is a GaAs (gallium arsenide) switch. During full-duplex antenna RF front-end operation, by selectively switching between the GaN and GaAs single-pole double-throw switches, the system can simultaneously receive either a left-hand or right-hand circularly polarized signal at the R_out port, while the excitation signal fed into the T_in port radiates either a left-hand or right-hand circularly polarized signal through the antenna array. In the transmitting path, the GaN switch, with its high power capacity and excellent voltage withstand characteristics, efficiently processes the strong signal output from the power amplifier 402, ensuring low loss and high reliability of the transmitting channel. In the receiving path, the GaAs switch, utilizing its inherent low-noise performance and good switching characteristics at high frequencies, is placed before the low-noise amplifier 502, thereby minimizing the degradation of the receiver link noise figure.

[0044] The radio frequency front-end of the dual-circularly polarized full-duplex antenna is arranged into a dual-circularly polarized antenna array with a fixed spacing.

[0045] Using the radio frequency front-end of the dual-circularly polarized full-duplex antenna as a basic radiating unit, a large-scale dual-circularly polarized antenna array is constructed by arranging them at fixed intervals on a two-dimensional plane. This expansion method makes full use of the aforementioned highly integrated and consistent performance characteristics of the front-end unit, enabling each array element to independently perform polarization-adjustable full-duplex operation.

[0046] The switching between the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch 401 and the receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501 is used to realize receiving a left-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a left-hand circularly polarized signal, receiving a left-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a right-hand circularly polarized signal, receiving a right-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a right-hand circularly polarized signal, and receiving a right-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a left-hand circularly polarized signal.

[0047] The polarization-tunable full-duplex antenna RF front-end can achieve four operating states: 1. Receive left-hand circular polarization, transmit left-hand circular polarization; 2. Receive left-hand circular polarization, transmit right-hand circular polarization; 3. Receive right-hand circular polarization, transmit left-hand circular polarization; and 4. Receive right-hand circular polarization, transmit left-hand circular polarization. The corresponding switching states for different operating states are as follows: Operating State 1: When the full-duplex antenna RF front-end receives and transmits left-hand circularly polarized signals, the receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501 is connected to the left-hand circularly polarized receive input 505 of the R module, and the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch 401 is connected to the left-hand circularly polarized transmit output 405 of the T module. At this time, the Rout port receives the left-hand circularly polarized signal, and the signal input to the T_in port is transmitted as a left-hand circularly polarized signal through the antenna RF front-end.

[0048] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the switch switching states for the receive left-hand circular polarization and transmit left-hand circular polarization operating modes. The transmit single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT1) is switched to the state connected to the left-hand circular polarization channel, so that the signal from the transmit port is processed by the transmit amplitude and phase multifunction chip 404, and finally radiated as a left-hand circular polarization wave from the antenna left-hand circular polarization port through the switch and the corresponding medium duplexer. At the same time, the receive single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT2) is also switched to the state connected to the left-hand circular polarization channel, so that the left-hand circular polarization signal received by the antenna left-hand circular polarization port is processed by the medium duplexer and the switch, and then output to the receive port.

[0049] Operating State 2: When the full-duplex antenna RF front-end receives left-hand circularly polarized signals and transmits right-hand circularly polarized signals, the receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501 is connected to the left-hand circularly polarized receive input 505 of the R module, and the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch 401 is connected to the right-hand circularly polarized transmit output 406 of the T module. At this time, the Rout port receives a left-hand circularly polarized signal, and the signal input to the T_in port is transmitted as a right-hand circularly polarized signal through the antenna RF front-end.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the switching state between the receiving left-hand circular polarization and transmitting right-hand circular polarization operating modes. The receiving single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT2) switches to the left-hand circular polarization channel, so that the signal received by the left-hand circular polarization port of the antenna is guided to the receiving link, ensuring the system's sensitivity to left-hand circular polarization waves. At the same time, the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT1) switches to the right-hand circular polarization channel, so that the signal from the transmitting port is processed by the transmitting amplitude and phase multifunction chip 404, and finally radiated as a right-hand circular polarization wave through the right-hand circular polarization port of the antenna.

[0051] Operating State 3: When the full-duplex antenna RF front-end receives and transmits right-hand circularly polarized signals, the receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501 is connected to the right-hand circularly polarized receive input 506 of the R module, and the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch 401 is connected to the right-hand circularly polarized transmit output 406 of the T module. At this time, the Rout port receives the right-hand circularly polarized signal, and the signal input to the T_in port is transmitted as a right-hand circularly polarized signal through the antenna RF front-end.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the switching status of the receiving and transmitting right-hand circular polarization operating modes. Both the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT1) and the receiving single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT2) are switched to connect to the right-hand circular polarization channel, so that the transmitted signal radiates a right-hand circular polarization wave through the right-hand circular polarization port, and the system also selectively receives the right-hand circular polarization incoming wave through the same right-hand circular polarization port.

[0053] Operating State 4: When the full-duplex antenna RF front-end receives right-hand circularly polarized signals and transmits left-hand circularly polarized signals, the receiving single-pole double-throw switch 501 is connected to the right-hand circularly polarized receive input 506 of the R module, and the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch 401 is connected to the left-hand circularly polarized transmit output 405 of the T module. At this time, the Rout port receives the right-hand circularly polarized signal, and the signal input to the T_in port is transmitted as a left-hand circularly polarized signal through the antenna RF front-end.

[0054] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the switch switching state for receiving right-hand circular polarization and transmitting left-hand circular polarization. The receiving single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT2) switches to connect to the right-hand circular polarization channel, enabling the system to selectively receive right-hand circular polarization signals through the antenna's right-hand circular polarization port. At the same time, the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT1) switches to connect to the left-hand circular polarization channel, enabling the transmitted signal to radiate a left-hand circular polarization wave through the left-hand circular polarization port.

[0055] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the radio frequency front end of a polarization-tunable dual-circularly polarized full-duplex antenna. It shows the spatial positional relationship between the dual-circularly polarized antenna array and its left-hand and right-hand rotating ports, clearly revealing that the antenna radiating element serves as the physical interface for interaction between the system front end and space electromagnetic waves.

[0056] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the RF front-end of a polarization-tunable dual-circular polarization full-duplex antenna. It shows the physical location and interconnection relationship of the left-hand circular dielectric duplexer, right-hand circular dielectric duplexer, T module and R module, and system-level input / output ports (T_in, R_out) on the back of the PCB. As the core functional area for realizing full-duplex and polarization-tunable functions, this back structure integrates all the above active and passive functional modules in a high density on the back of the antenna array and vertically interconnects them with the front antenna ports through PCB vias, forming a compact, modular, and independent unit.

[0057] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the device layout of the T module, showing the typical layout of the internal devices and the signal flow. After the transmission input signal is input from the port, it passes through the transmission amplitude and phase multi-function chip 404, the transmission surface acoustic wave filter 403, and the power amplifier 402 in sequence. Finally, the GaN single-pole double-throw switch selects the path, thus creating a cascaded relationship from the left-hand transmission outlet or the right-hand transmission outlet.

[0058] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the device layout of the R module, showing the device layout and signal processing sequence of the internal receiving link of the R module. After the received signal is input from the left-hand or right-hand receiving inlet, it first passes through a GaAs single-pole double-throw switch for polarization path selection, then passes through a low-noise amplifier 502 for signal amplification, a receiving surface acoustic wave filter 503 for frequency selection, and finally is processed by the receiving amplitude and phase multifunction chip 504 and output through the receiving output port. This highly integrated modular layout places the key low-noise devices at the front end of the link, maximizing the optimization of the noise figure of the receiving channel and ensuring the high receiving sensitivity of the system.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of this application have the following beneficial effects: First, by placing a dielectric duplexer between the antenna port and the transceiver module, the transmit / receive isolation of the full-duplex system is effectively guaranteed. Combined with the switching function inside the T / R module, arbitrary transmit / receive combinations of left-hand and right-hand circular polarization can be achieved, greatly improving the polarization diversity freedom of the system.

[0060] Secondly, this front-end consists only of an antenna element, two dielectric duplexers, and a T / R module, resulting in a simple overall structure and high integration. This element can be directly used as a basic component of a phased array antenna, facilitating expansion according to array layouts and possessing good versatility and scalability.

[0061] Third, in the transmission path, only one stage of GaN switch and dielectric duplexer is installed after the power amplifier, resulting in fewer components and lower insertion loss. This design helps improve the overall radiation efficiency and output performance of the transmission link.

[0062] Fourth, in the receiving path, only one stage of GaAs switch and dielectric duplexer is configured before the low-noise amplifier, effectively reducing the noise figure of the receiving link. This structure is beneficial for improving the system's receiving sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0063] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A polarization-tunable dual-circular polarization full-duplex antenna radio frequency front-end, characterized in that, include: Antenna element, the antenna element is a dual circularly polarized antenna with a left-hand circularly polarized port and a right-hand circularly polarized port; A first dielectric duplexer and a second dielectric duplexer, wherein the common port of the first dielectric duplexer is connected to the left-hand circularly polarized port of the antenna element, and the common port of the second dielectric duplexer is connected to the right-hand circularly polarized port of the antenna element. The T module includes a transmit single-pole double-throw switch, a power amplifier, a transmit surface acoustic wave filter, and a transmit amplitude-phase multifunction chip. The T module is selectively connected to the transmit input port of the first medium duplexer or the transmit input port of the second medium duplexer through the transmit single-pole double-throw switch. The R module includes a receiving single-pole double-throw switch, a low-noise amplifier, a receiving surface acoustic wave filter, and a receiving amplitude-phase multifunction chip. The R module is selectively connected to the receiving output port of the first medium duplexer or the receiving output port of the second medium duplexer via the receiving single-pole double-throw switch.

2. The radio frequency front-end of the dual circularly polarized full-duplex antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polarization configuration for receiving and transmitting circularly polarized signals is achieved by controlling the switching states of the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch and the receiving single-pole double-throw switch.

3. The radio frequency front-end of the dual circularly polarized full-duplex antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The T and R modules use BGA-packaged housings or integrated MMIC chips.

4. The radio frequency front-end of the dual circularly polarized full-duplex antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dual circularly polarized antenna, the first dielectric duplexer, the second dielectric duplexer, the T module, and the R module are all mounted on the PCB.

5. The radio frequency front-end of the dual circularly polarized full-duplex antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The dual circularly polarized antenna is located on the front of the PCB, while the first dielectric duplexer, the second dielectric duplexer, the T module, and the R module are located on the back of the PCB.

6. The radio frequency front-end of the dual circularly polarized full-duplex antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transmitting single-pole double-throw switch is a GaN single-pole double-throw switch, and the receiving single-pole double-throw switch is a GaAs single-pole double-throw switch.

7. The radio frequency front-end of the dual circularly polarized full-duplex antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radio frequency front-end of the dual-circularly polarized full-duplex antenna is arranged into a dual-circularly polarized antenna array with a fixed spacing.

8. The radio frequency front-end of the dual circularly polarized full-duplex antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The switching between the transmitting single-pole double-throw switch and the receiving single-pole double-throw switch is used to realize receiving a left-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a left-hand circularly polarized signal, receiving a left-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a right-hand circularly polarized signal, receiving a right-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a right-hand circularly polarized signal, and receiving a right-hand circularly polarized signal and transmitting a left-hand circularly polarized signal.

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