Overvoltage protector and intelligent monitoring method, system, equipment and medium thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of overvoltage protectors, and provides an overvoltage protector and an intelligent monitoring method, system, equipment and medium thereof.The overvoltage protector comprises the overvoltage protector and an infrared camera, multiple target parameters of the protector are obtained in real time, collected according to a preset frequency and added with timestamps to form a basic parameter data set, and the basic parameter data set is stored in the infrared camera; and meanwhile, an infrared camera is started to synchronously acquire infrared images to generate a synchronous infrared image set. Then extracting an average infrared temperature value of each key area of the image, and associating the average infrared temperature value with the basic parameter data to form a parameter-temperature associated data set; analyzing and marking a precursor based on continuous sequence data, generating a precursor associated data set, and when a protection action is monitored, verifying, analyzing and judging an action reason and generating an action qualitative data set by combining the two types of data sets. According to the method, comprehensive monitoring can be realized, abnormal precursor can be found in time, action reasons can be accurately judged, and reliable operation of the protector is guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of overvoltage protectors, in particular to an overvoltage protector and an intelligent monitoring method, system, device and medium thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The content of this part only provides background information related to the present application, which may not constitute prior art.

[0003] In the operation process of the power system, overvoltage is an important factor threatening the safety of equipment and the stability of the system. As a key protection device, the performance reliability and monitoring effectiveness of the overvoltage protector directly affect the safety level of the overall power system.

[0004] At present, the traditional overvoltage protector has many technical limitations in actual application, and it is difficult to meet the precise protection and intelligent operation and maintenance requirements in complex power environment. First, in terms of parameter monitoring, the traditional device can only collect a few key electrical parameters, and the collection frequency and data integration capability are limited, which cannot comprehensively and real-timely reflect the running state of the overvoltage protector, so that it is difficult for the staff to master the overall working condition of the equipment.

[0005] Secondly, the fault early warning mechanism is not perfect. For potential faults such as poor contact and insulation aging of the equipment, the traditional monitoring method lacks effective precursor identification means, and can only be handled passively after the fault occurs, which cannot give early warning to avoid fault expansion, increasing the equipment maintenance cost and system downtime risk.

[0006] Thirdly, when the overvoltage protection action occurs, the traditional technology is difficult to quickly and accurately judge the action reason, and cannot effectively distinguish whether the action is caused by the precursor of the equipment itself or the action caused by external factors such as external control voltage abnormality, which brings great inconvenience to fault troubleshooting and subsequent operation and maintenance work, prolongs the fault handling time, and affects the recovery efficiency of the power system. In addition, the traditional monitoring method mostly relies on single electrical parameter analysis, and does not correlate and analyze the temperature information and electrical parameters of each key part of the equipment, which leads to that the judgment of the equipment running state is not comprehensive and accurate enough, and potential problems caused by other abnormalities are easily missed. SUMMARY

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present application is to provide an overvoltage protector and an intelligent monitoring method, system, device and medium thereof, which realizes the monitoring of the working state of the overvoltage protector, the identification of the fault precursor and the qualitative analysis of the overvoltage protection action reason through the intelligent monitoring of the overvoltage protector combined with infrared monitoring, parameter collection and analysis, precursor identification and action verification.

[0008] The purpose of the present application is realized by the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an overvoltage protector, including a current transformer, an ammeter, an HCTB overvoltage protector, a control busbar, a fuse, a protector power supply, and an indicating circuit. Three sets of current transformers and ammeters are connected in series, with each set connected in parallel. Each set of current transformers and ammeters is connected to a different phase of the line. The input terminals 1, 2, and 3 of the HCTB overvoltage protector are connected to the secondary sides of the three current transformers, respectively, and the output terminal 10 of the HCTB overvoltage protector is grounded. Two control buses are connected to the two ends of the protector power supply respectively, and a fuse is provided between each control bus and the protector power supply. The indicating circuit is connected in parallel with the protector's power supply. The indicating circuit includes the protector's contact switch, a fault indicator light, and a normal indicator light. The protector contact switch includes a moving contact, a first stationary contact, and a second stationary contact. The first stationary contact is connected to the first terminal of the protector power supply via a normal indicator light, the second stationary contact is connected to the first terminal of the protector power supply via a fault indicator light, and the moving contact is connected to the second terminal of the protector power supply.

[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector, applied to the overvoltage protector of the first aspect, and further includes an infrared camera facing the overvoltage protector; the method includes: The target parameters of the overvoltage protector are acquired in real time. These target parameters include the voltage of the overvoltage protector power supply, the real-time current on the secondary side of each phase current transformer, the input impedance of the overvoltage protector, the secondary protection voltage, the current status indication signal of the overvoltage protector, and the real-time control voltage signal of the control bus. The target parameters are collected at a preset frequency, and a timestamp is added to each set of collected data. The data are then integrated to form a basic parameter dataset containing the target parameters and their corresponding timestamps. Start the infrared camera to acquire infrared images of the overvoltage protector at a preset frequency, and synchronize the capture timestamp of each infrared image with the acquisition timestamp of the corresponding parameter in the basic parameter dataset to generate a synchronized infrared image set. By image segmentation, the average infrared temperature values ​​of the normal indicator light area, fault indicator light area, three-phase input terminal area, secondary neutral point terminal area, power positive connection terminal area, power negative connection terminal area, and control bus connection terminal area of ​​each image in the synchronous infrared image set are extracted. Each average infrared temperature value is associated with all parameters in the basic parameter dataset of the corresponding timestamp to form a parameter-temperature association dataset. Extract continuous sequence data from the parameter-temperature correlation dataset in chronological order; analyze the secondary current and input impedance in the continuous sequence data; when the current difference of any phase exceeds a set ratio multiple times and the terminal temperature of that phase is higher than the set value of other phases, it is marked as a precursor to poor contact; when the input impedance drops to a preset range multiple times and the protection voltage deviation exceeds the set value but does not reach the threshold, if the temperature of the fault indicator light is higher than the set value of the normal area, it is marked as a precursor to insulation aging; bind the precursor type, time and parameter-temperature characteristics to generate a precursor correlation dataset; When an overvoltage protection action is detected, the secondary voltage is verified using a parameter-temperature correlation dataset to determine whether it exceeds the threshold and whether the current decreases to a preset value within a preset time. Temperature abrupt changes in the fault indicator area are compared with those in the infrared image to obtain the verification results. Based on the precursor correlation dataset and the verification results, if there are precursors to poor terminal contact or insulation aging, the action is determined to be triggered by a precursor. If no precursors are present, the control voltage is checked for abnormal fluctuations, and the terminal temperature is examined for a uniform increase. If both tests are positive, the protection action is determined to be triggered by an abnormal external control voltage. The judgment results are then integrated with the parameters and temperature data in the basic parameter dataset to generate a qualitative action dataset.

[0010] Furthermore, the steps for analyzing secondary currents based on continuous sequence data specifically include: Calculate the difference in secondary current of the same phase within two adjacent timestamps. If the difference in the number of consecutive set times for any phase exceeds the set proportion of the average current of that phase in the sequence data, and the infrared temperature value of the corresponding terminal is higher than the temperature of the terminals of other phases at the same timestamp by a preset value, and the normal status signal in the basic parameter dataset is still normal, then it is marked as a precursor to poor contact.

[0011] Furthermore, the steps for analyzing input impedance based on continuous sequence data specifically include: If the input impedance drops from the initial set impedance value range to another set impedance value range within a set number of consecutive times, and the deviation between the real-time value of the secondary protection voltage and the default protection voltage exceeds the set deviation ratio, and the infrared temperature value of the fault indicator area is higher than the set temperature value of the normal indicator area, then it will be marked as a precursor to insulation aging.

[0012] Furthermore, after generating the action qualitative dataset, it also includes: After the overvoltage protector completes the reset, it continuously collects a set number of timestamps at a set frequency to generate a tracking dataset after the reset. Based on the results of the action qualitative dataset, determine the key points for tracking after reset: if the result is that the action is triggered by a precursor, check the poor contact of the phase terminal corresponding to the precursor, confirm whether the secondary current fluctuation amplitude of the phase is less than or equal to the set ratio of the average current of the phase, and confirm whether the infrared temperature of the terminal of the phase is consistent with that of the terminals of other phases. If the result is that the protection action is caused by an abnormal external control voltage, then confirm whether the control voltage of the small busbar is stable within the normal range and whether the temperature of the terminal area is uniform. If, after reset, the tracking data shows that parameters have not been restored or the area temperature is abnormal, it is marked as an incomplete reset state, and a secondary check prompt signal is output using the existing alarm contacts of the overvoltage protector.

[0013] Furthermore, after utilizing the existing alarm contacts of the overvoltage protector to output a secondary check prompt signal, it also includes: If all parameters and temperatures return to normal, the reset tracking dataset will be integrated with the action qualitative dataset, precursor correlation dataset, and basic parameter dataset to generate a monitoring archive of full-process detection information.

[0014] Furthermore, after generating the monitoring archive containing the full-process detection information, it also includes: The average rate of change of input impedance over a set period is calculated based on the monitoring data. When the input impedance shows a continuous downward trend and the insulation aging precursor marker frequency rises to the preset frequency, an insulation aging warning message is generated. When the peak temperature of any phase terminal continues to rise within a preset time, and the historical data of the secondary current fluctuation amplitude of that phase increases, a poor contact warning message is generated. All early warning information is stored in the monitoring system to form a traceable record.

[0015] Thirdly, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system for an overvoltage protector, applied to an overvoltage protector as described in the first aspect, and further includes an infrared camera facing the overvoltage protector; the system includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the target parameters of the overvoltage protector in real time. The target parameters include the voltage of the overvoltage protector power supply, the real-time current on the secondary side of each phase current transformer, the input impedance of the overvoltage protector, the secondary protection voltage, the current status indication signal of the overvoltage protector, and the real-time control voltage signal of the control bus. The target parameters are collected at a preset frequency, and a timestamp is added to each set of collected data. The data are then integrated to form a basic parameter dataset containing the target parameters and the corresponding timestamps. The infrared data acquisition module is used to start the infrared camera and acquire infrared images of the overvoltage protector at a preset frequency, so that the capture timestamp of each infrared image is synchronized with the acquisition timestamp of the corresponding parameter in the basic parameter dataset, and a synchronized infrared image set is generated. The data association module is used to extract the average infrared temperature values ​​of the normal indicator light area, fault indicator light area, three-phase input terminal area, secondary neutral point terminal area, power positive connection terminal area, power negative connection terminal area, and control bus connection terminal area of ​​each image in the synchronous infrared image set through image segmentation. Each average infrared temperature value is associated with all parameters in the basic parameter dataset of the corresponding timestamp to form a parameter-temperature association dataset. The precursor correlation module is used to extract continuous sequence data from the parameter-temperature correlation dataset in chronological order; it analyzes the secondary current and input impedance in the continuous sequence data, and marks it as a precursor to poor contact when the current difference of any phase exceeds a set ratio multiple times and the terminal temperature of that phase is higher than the set value of other phases; when the input impedance drops to a preset range multiple times and the protection voltage deviation exceeds the set value but does not reach the threshold, if the temperature of the fault indicator is higher than the set value of the normal area, it is marked as a precursor to insulation aging; the precursor type, time and parameter-temperature characteristics are bound to generate a precursor correlation dataset. The action qualitative module is used to verify whether the secondary voltage exceeds the threshold and whether the current decreases to the preset value within a preset time when an overvoltage protection action is detected, by using a parameter-temperature correlation dataset. It also compares the temperature change in the fault indicator area in the infrared image to obtain the verification result. Based on the precursor correlation dataset and the verification result, the module analyzes whether there are precursors to poor terminal contact or insulation aging. If there are precursors, the action is determined to be triggered by a precursor. If there are no precursors, the module checks whether the control voltage fluctuates abnormally and whether the terminal temperature rises uniformly. If both of these tests are positive, the action is determined to be triggered by an abnormal external control voltage. The judgment result is then integrated with the parameters and temperature data in the basic parameter dataset to generate the action qualitative dataset.

[0016] Fourthly, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to perform the steps corresponding to the method in the second aspect.

[0017] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps corresponding to the method in the second aspect.

[0018] In summary, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention utilizes phase-by-phase acquisition to present the current status of different lines, providing a foundation for subsequent current parameter analysis. Its core overvoltage protection component receives signals from the current monitoring component via a specific terminal, while grounding the other terminal to ensure signal stability and equipment safety. The power supply for the protection component is connected to the power supply via two control lines, with protective elements installed on each connection line to prevent excessive current from damaging the equipment. Furthermore, an indicator circuit for displaying equipment status is connected in parallel with the power supply, and connects to indicator elements for normal and fault states via switchable contact switches. When the equipment status changes, the contact switches activate the corresponding indicator element, providing intuitive feedback on the equipment's operating status. During intelligent monitoring, various key parameters of equipment operation are first collected in real time and time stamps are added to form a basic parameter dataset. Simultaneously, image acquisition equipment is activated to obtain infrared images of the equipment, synchronizing the image time with the parameter time to generate a synchronized infrared image set. Next, the average temperature values ​​of key components are extracted from the infrared images and correlated with the corresponding time parameter data to form a parameter-temperature correlation dataset. Based on this dataset, specific analysis logic identifies fault precursors such as poor contact and insulation aging, generating a precursor correlation dataset. When a protection action occurs, the parameter-temperature correlation dataset is used to verify the parameter and temperature changes during the action, and the precursor correlation dataset is used to determine the cause of the action, ultimately integrating these elements to form a qualitative action dataset. This technical solution not only achieves basic overvoltage protection functions through the collaborative work of hardware components but also comprehensively grasps the equipment's operating status through intelligent monitoring processes, identifies potential fault risks in advance, quickly locates the causes of protection actions, effectively improves the operational reliability and maintenance efficiency of overvoltage protectors, significantly reduces equipment maintenance costs and system downtime risks, and provides strong support for the stable and safe operation of the power system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an overvoltage protector provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A flowchart of an intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent monitoring system for an overvoltage protector provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an overvoltage protector proposed in this embodiment of the invention includes a current transformer, an ammeter, an HCTB overvoltage protector, a control busbar, a fuse, a protector power supply, and an indicating circuit. Three sets of current transformers and ammeters are connected in series, with each set connected in parallel. Each set of current transformers and ammeters is connected to a different phase of the circuit. The 1, 2, and 3 input terminals of the HCTB overvoltage protector are connected to the secondary sides of the three current transformers, and the 10 output terminal of the HCTB overvoltage protector is grounded. Two control busesbars are connected to both ends of the protector power supply, and a fuse is installed between any control busbar and the protector power supply. The indicating circuit is connected in parallel with the protector power supply and includes a protector contact switch, a fault indicator light, and a normal indicator light. The protector contact switch includes a moving contact, a first stationary contact, and a second stationary contact. The first stationary contact is connected to the first end of the protector power supply through the normal indicator light, the second stationary contact is connected to the first end of the protector power supply through the fault indicator light, and the moving contact is connected to the second end of the protector power supply.

[0022] Specifically, this overvoltage protector is equipped with three sets of current transformers and ammeters connected in series. Each set is connected in parallel, and each set of current transformers and ammeters is connected to different phases of the line, specifically phases A, B, and C of the power system. Furthermore, the current transformer, as a core transformation element in the power system, transforms the large primary current into a smaller current (typically 5A or 1A) on the secondary side (the secondary side of the current transformer refers to its output terminal, mainly used to connect measuring instruments or protection devices to proportionally convert the large primary current into a standard smaller current) according to a preset transformation ratio. This facilitates subsequent ammeter measurement and the protective action of the HCTB overvoltage protector. The ammeter is connected in series with the secondary side of the current transformer, enabling real-time monitoring of the secondary current value of the corresponding phase line, providing maintenance personnel with intuitive current operating status information and facilitating timely detection of abnormal current conditions.

[0023] The design employs three sets of current transformers and ammeters connected in series and then in parallel, with each phase connected separately. The principle behind this design is that power systems are typically three-phase AC systems, and the current operating status of phases A, B, and C must be independently monitored and protected. This prevents incomplete protection due to overvoltage or current anomalies in one phase going undetected. For example, if the secondary winding of phase A is open-circuited due to a fault, only the current transformer and ammeter circuit in phase A will experience a sudden current change, while the circuits in phases B and C remain unaffected. This design ensures the independence and accuracy of protection for each phase, preventing damage to the corresponding current transformer from a single open-circuit phase and guaranteeing the normal operation of the system.

[0024] The HCTB overvoltage protector's input terminals 1, 2, and 3 are connected to the secondary sides of three current transformers, respectively, while output terminal 10 is grounded. Based on the technical characteristics of the HCTB series overvoltage protector, its input impedance is greater than 100MΩ. Under normal operating conditions, it has minimal impact on the current in the secondary circuit and will not interfere with the normal measurement of the ammeter or the normal operation of the CT. Simultaneously, the secondary protection voltage of this protector is set to 150VAC±10% by default (adjustable according to user requirements). When an overvoltage occurs on the secondary side due to an open circuit or abnormal overcurrent in the primary winding, if the overvoltage value reaches the protection voltage threshold, the HCTB overvoltage protector can quickly act within ≤100ms, suppressing or short-circuiting the overvoltage on the secondary side through its internal protection circuit, preventing damage to the secondary system insulation and the protector itself.

[0025] The HCTB overvoltage protector's output terminal 6 is grounded. Its principle is to provide a safe release path for overvoltage through a grounding circuit. When the protector trips, the overvoltage on the secondary side can be quickly conducted to the ground through the grounding terminal, further reducing the harm of overvoltage to secondary circuit equipment and personnel. In addition, this HCTB overvoltage protector supports manual reset or automatic reset after power failure. After troubleshooting, maintenance personnel can restore the protector to its original state and put it back into normal operation by pressing the manual reset button or by disconnecting the protector's power supply and then re-energizing it. This convenient operation meets the actual needs of power system operation and maintenance.

[0026] Two control buses are connected to the two ends of the protector power supply, and a fuse is installed between each control bus and the protector power supply. The control buses, as the power distribution carrier for the control circuit in the power system, provide a stable operating power supply for control components such as the HCTB overvoltage protector and indicating circuits. The protector power supply provides electrical energy to the control circuit of the entire protection system, and its voltage must meet the power supply voltage requirements of the HCTB overvoltage protector (i.e., 85V~265V, supporting both AC and DC power supply modes) to ensure the stable operation of the protector and indicating circuit. The fuses installed between the control buses and the protector power supply utilize the overload and short-circuit protection characteristics of fuses. When an overload current or short-circuit fault occurs in the control circuit, the fuse quickly melts, cutting off the power supply to the control circuit and preventing the fault from spreading to the protector power supply or other control components, thus protecting the control circuit. For example, if the indicator circuit short-circuits due to a fault, the control circuit current will increase sharply. At this time, the fuse will blow in a short time, cutting off the connection between the protector power supply and the control bus, preventing the protector power supply from being damaged due to overload, and at the same time avoiding the short circuit fault from affecting the normal protection function of the HCTB overvoltage protector, thus improving the reliability of the entire protection system.

[0027] The indicating circuit is connected in parallel with the protector's power supply. Its function is to display the real-time operating status of the HCTB overvoltage protector, including normal and fault states, facilitating quick identification of system operation by maintenance personnel. This indicating circuit includes protector contact switches, a fault indicator light, and a normal indicator light. The protector contact switches are auxiliary contacts inside the HCTB overvoltage protector, linked to the protector's protective action. Their structure includes a moving contact, a first stationary contact, and a second stationary contact. Specifically, the first stationary contact is connected to the first terminal of the protector's power supply through the normal indicator light; the second stationary contact is connected to the first terminal of the protector's power supply through the fault indicator light; and the moving contact is connected to the second terminal of the protector's power supply. Figure 1 In the diagram, the first stationary contact is at position 11, the second stationary contact is at position 13, and the moving contact is at position 12.

[0028] When the HCTB overvoltage protector is operating normally, its internal protection circuit does not activate, and the moving contact of the protector's contact switch closes with the first stationary contact. At this time, the circuit containing the normal indicator light in the indicator circuit is conductive, and the normal indicator light illuminates (e.g., a green indicator light), indicating to maintenance personnel that there is no overvoltage fault on the secondary side of the current transformer and the system is operating normally. When an overvoltage occurs on the secondary side of the current transformer and reaches the protection threshold, the HCTB overvoltage protector activates rapidly, triggering its internal protection circuit. Simultaneously, the moving contact of the protector's contact switch disconnects from the first stationary contact and closes with the second stationary contact. At this time, the circuit containing the normal indicator light disconnects, and the normal indicator light goes out. The circuit containing the fault indicator light is conductive, and the fault indicator light illuminates (e.g., a red indicator light), visually indicating to maintenance personnel that there is an overvoltage fault on the secondary side of the current transformer and that timely repair is required.

[0029] Example 2: like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, an intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector proposed in this embodiment of the invention is applied to the overvoltage protector as in Embodiment 1. The method is characterized by further including an infrared camera, which is positioned directly facing the overvoltage protector. The method includes: S101 acquires the target parameters of the overvoltage protector in real time. The target parameters include the voltage of the overvoltage protector power supply, the real-time current on the secondary side of each phase current transformer, the input impedance of the overvoltage protector, the secondary protection voltage, the current status indication signal of the overvoltage protector, and the real-time control voltage signal of the control bus. The target parameters are collected at a preset frequency, and a timestamp is added to each set of collected data. The data are then integrated to form a basic parameter dataset containing the target parameters and the corresponding timestamps.

[0030] Specifically, the target parameters of the overvoltage protector are acquired in real time. The principle behind this operation is that the operating status and potential fault risks of the overvoltage protector are reflected through changes in its core electrical parameters. Parameters that directly reflect the stability of the system power supply, the reliability of current transformation, the protector's own performance, and the status of the control circuit must be selected as monitoring targets. Among these, the voltage of the overvoltage protector's power supply directly determines whether the protector and its indicating circuit can operate stably. If the voltage fluctuates abnormally, it may cause the protector to malfunction or fail to respond properly to overvoltage faults. The real-time current on the secondary side of each phase current transformer is a key basis for reflecting the current status of the primary side line. The current transformer converts the large primary current into a standard small current of 5A or 1A on the secondary side according to a preset transformation ratio. By monitoring this real-time current, it is possible to indirectly determine whether there are abnormalities such as overcurrent or short circuits in the primary side line, and at the same time, it can verify whether the secondary side circuit of the current transformer is unobstructed (e.g., when the circuit is open, the secondary side current will drop sharply or return to zero).

[0031] The input impedance of an overvoltage protector is one of its core performance parameters. According to the technical characteristics of HCTB overvoltage protectors, its normal input impedance must be greater than 100MΩ. Changes in this impedance value directly reflect the internal insulation performance of the protector. If the impedance continues to decrease, it may mean that the internal insulation material is aging or there is a potential leakage, which will affect the protector's overvoltage suppression effect. The secondary protection voltage is the threshold for the protector to trigger protection action. The default setting is 150VAC±10%. Monitoring this parameter can confirm whether the protection threshold is within the preset range, avoiding untimely protection or false action due to threshold drift. The current status indication signal of the overvoltage protector comes from the on / off state of the protector's contact switch in the indication circuit. This signal directly corresponds to the on / off state of the normal indicator or fault indicator, which can quickly reflect whether the protector is currently in a protection action state. The real-time control voltage signal of the control bus reflects the power supply stability of the control circuit. As the power distribution carrier of the control element, the voltage abnormality of the control bus will affect the normal operation of the entire control circuit, which may lead to the failure of the protector or the indication circuit. By selecting the above parameters as target parameters, we can achieve full-dimensional coverage of the overvoltage protector from power supply, current transformation, protection performance to status feedback, ensuring no critical monitoring blind spots.

[0032] S102, start the infrared camera to acquire infrared images of the overvoltage protector at a preset frequency, so that the capture timestamp of each infrared image is synchronized with the acquisition timestamp of the corresponding parameter in the basic parameter dataset, and generate a synchronized infrared image set.

[0033] Specifically, the core principle of this step lies in the fact that infrared imaging technology can capture the infrared radiation energy generated by the thermal motion of molecules on the surface of an object, converting invisible thermal radiation into visible infrared images, thereby achieving non-contact monitoring of the temperature status of key components of the overvoltage protector. The infrared camera must be positioned directly facing the overvoltage protector to ensure that the camera's field of view can completely cover the core functional areas of the overvoltage protector, including the normal indicator light area, fault indicator light area, three-phase input terminal area (corresponding to input terminals 1, 2, and 3 of the HCTB overvoltage protector), secondary neutral point terminal area (corresponding to grounding output terminal 10 of the HCTB overvoltage protector), positive power connection terminal area, negative power connection terminal area, and control busbar connection terminal area. This avoids the loss of temperature information in key areas due to shooting angle deviation, ensuring the completeness and accuracy of subsequent temperature extraction.

[0034] Infrared images of the overvoltage protector are acquired at a preset frequency. The setting of the "preset frequency" here needs to be matched with the acquisition frequency of the target parameters of the overvoltage protector (i.e., the acquisition frequency of the target parameters in step S101). The principle is to ensure that the time dimension of the infrared image is synchronized with the time dimension of the target parameters, so that the temperature state of the overvoltage protector reflected by each infrared image can form a spatiotemporal correlation with the target parameters (such as the power supply voltage of the overvoltage protector, the real-time current on the secondary side of each phase current transformer, the input impedance, etc.) at the corresponding time point, avoiding the mismatch between parameters and temperature information due to time difference, which would affect the effectiveness of subsequent parameter-temperature correlation analysis. For example, if the acquisition frequency of the target parameters in step S101 is set to 1 time / minute, the acquisition frequency of the infrared image should also be set to 1 time / minute, ensuring that at the same time point every minute, both the electrical parameter data of the overvoltage protector and the infrared temperature image at the corresponding moment are acquired, so as to achieve synchronous recording of electrical performance and thermal state. To synchronize the capture timestamp of each infrared image with the acquisition timestamp of the corresponding parameter in the basic parameter dataset, a unified time reference (such as GPS timing or a high-precision clock module) is introduced into the infrared camera and the parameter acquisition system. This ensures that the accuracy error of the timestamps generated by both is controlled within milliseconds, avoiding the problem of "parameters and temperatures not matching" during subsequent correlation analysis due to time synchronization deviations. A synchronized infrared image set is generated by integrating and storing all infrared images with synchronized timestamps in chronological order, forming an image set that corresponds one-to-one with the basic parameter dataset in the time dimension.

[0035] S103. By image segmentation, the average infrared temperature values ​​of the normal indicator light area, fault indicator light area, three-phase input terminal area, secondary neutral point terminal area, power positive connection terminal area, power negative connection terminal area, and control bus connection terminal area of ​​each image in the synchronous infrared image set are extracted. Each average infrared temperature value is associated with all parameters in the basic parameter dataset of the corresponding timestamp to form a parameter-temperature association dataset.

[0036] Specifically, the core principle of this step is that infrared images can reflect the thermal radiation distribution on the surface of an object, and the temperature changes of different functional areas of an overvoltage protector are directly related to its electrical operating status. Image segmentation technology can accurately separate each key functional area, avoid confusion of temperature information between areas, and ensure that the extracted temperature data can accurately correspond to specific components. At the same time, by associating the temperature data with basic parameters at the same time stamp (such as power supply voltage, secondary current, input impedance, etc.), a correspondence between "electrical performance and thermal state" can be established, providing multi-dimensional data support for subsequent fault precursor identification and action characterization, which is in line with the technical logic of "coordinated analysis of electrical parameters and physical state" in power system equipment condition monitoring. The principle of image segmentation technology is as follows: Each image in the synchronous infrared image set contains the overall thermal radiation information of the overvoltage protector. Different functional areas (such as indicator light areas and terminal areas) have clear boundaries in physical location, and the thermal radiation characteristics of each area are different (for example, the temperature will be higher than the surrounding area when the indicator light is on, and the temperature will rise abnormally when the terminal has poor contact). Through image segmentation algorithms (such as threshold-based segmentation algorithms, region-growing-based segmentation algorithms, etc.), the infrared image can be accurately divided into the above seven independent functional areas according to the location boundaries and thermal radiation characteristics, avoiding mutual interference of temperature data in different areas. The "average infrared temperature value" of each area is extracted instead of the single-point temperature value because the temperature of a single pixel may be abnormal due to environmental interference (such as shooting noise of the infrared camera, local dust obstruction), while the average temperature value can more objectively reflect the overall thermal state of the area, ensuring the reliability of the temperature data.

[0037] Specifically, for the normal indicator light area and the fault indicator light area, since the indicator lights are small light-emitting elements, they appear as localized high-temperature points in the infrared image. When segmenting the image, the segmentation range should be set based on the physical size of the indicator light (e.g., diameter 5mm~10mm) to ensure complete coverage of the indicator light's emitting part. For the three-phase input terminal area (corresponding to input terminals 1, 2, and 3 of the HCTB overvoltage protector), the secondary neutral point terminal area (corresponding to grounding output terminal 10), the positive power connection terminal area, the negative power connection terminal area, and the control busbar connection terminal area, these terminals are all metal connecting parts, which appear as linear or point-like high-temperature areas in the infrared image. When segmenting, the installation position of the terminals (e.g., terminals 1, 2, and 3 are arranged horizontally with a spacing of 10mm~15mm) and the direction of the connecting wires should be used as references to clearly define the boundaries of each terminal area and avoid confusion of temperature data between adjacent terminals. Secondly, the parameters in the basic parameter dataset (such as the overvoltage protector power supply voltage, the real-time current on the secondary side of each phase current transformer, the input impedance, the secondary protection voltage, the status indication signal, and the control bus voltage) reflect the electrical operating status of the overvoltage protector, while the average infrared temperature value of each functional area reflects its physical thermal state. The two are inherently related at the same timestamp (for example, when the secondary circuit of a phase current transformer has poor contact, the average temperature of the input terminal of that phase will rise, and the real-time current on the secondary side of that phase in the basic parameters will fluctuate). By achieving a "one-to-one" association through timestamps, it can be ensured that each temperature data can correspond to the electrical parameters at a specific time, establishing a complete "time-electrical parameter-thermal state" data chain.

[0038] S104: Extract continuous sequence data from the parameter-temperature correlation dataset in chronological order; analyze the secondary current and input impedance in the continuous sequence data; when the current difference of any phase exceeds a set ratio multiple times and the terminal temperature of that phase is higher than the set value of other phases, it is marked as a precursor to poor contact; when the input impedance drops to a preset range multiple times and the protection voltage deviation exceeds the set value but does not reach the threshold, if the temperature of the fault indicator light is higher than the set value of the normal area, it is marked as a precursor to insulation aging; bind the precursor type, time, and parameter-temperature characteristics to generate a precursor correlation dataset. Specifically, firstly, continuous sequence data is extracted from the parameter-temperature correlation dataset in chronological order. The principle is that the precursors to overvoltage protectors are often not reflected by parameter or temperature data at a single point in time, but rather by the continuous trend of parameter and temperature changes over a period of time. For example, poor contact problems can cause the current difference to become abnormal over time and the terminal temperature to gradually increase. Insulation aging problems can manifest as a continuous decrease in input impedance over time and a gradual increase in protection voltage deviation. Therefore, it is necessary to extract continuous time-dimension sequence data from the parameter-temperature correlation dataset (such as extracting all parameter and temperature data corresponding to 10 consecutive timestamps) to ensure that the dynamic evolution process of the precursors to the fault can be captured. This avoids omissions or misjudgments in precursor identification due to reliance on single-point data. The beneficial effect of this operation is that it provides a complete dynamic data foundation for subsequent precursor analysis, ensuring the continuity and accuracy of precursor identification, which is in line with the objective law that the evolution of power system equipment faults is gradual.

[0039] Secondly, analysis is performed based on the secondary current and input impedance in continuous sequence data. The core principle is that the secondary current is a key parameter reflecting the connection status of the secondary circuit of the current transformer, and the input impedance is a core indicator reflecting the internal insulation performance of the HCTB overvoltage protector. Abnormal changes in these two parameters correspond to two typical fault precursors: "poor contact in the external circuit" and "aging of internal insulation of the protector." Targeted analysis of these two parameters can enable focused monitoring of the external circuit and internal performance of the overvoltage protector, covering key fault risk points. Specifically, the analysis based on the secondary current in continuous sequence data is as follows: calculate the difference in the secondary current of the same phase within two adjacent time stamps. If the difference in the number of consecutive set times for any phase exceeds the set proportion of the average current of that phase in the sequence data, and the infrared temperature value of the corresponding terminal of that phase is higher than the temperature of the terminals of other phases at the same time stamp by a preset value, and the normal state signal in the basic parameter dataset is still normal, then it is marked as a precursor to poor contact. By using the dual criteria of "abnormal current difference + temperature difference", the single current change caused by normal load fluctuations on the primary side line can be effectively eliminated, avoiding misjudgment of poor contact precursors. The beneficial effect of this judgment method is to improve the accuracy of poor contact precursor identification, reduce false alarms, and provide maintenance personnel with reliable fault early warning basis.

[0040] Furthermore, analysis based on input impedance in continuous sequence data is as follows: If the input impedance decreases from an initial set impedance range to another set impedance range within a set number of consecutive times, and the real-time value of the secondary protection voltage deviates from the default protection voltage by more than a set deviation ratio, and the infrared temperature value of the fault indicator area is higher than the set temperature value of the normal indicator area, then it will be marked as a precursor to insulation aging. The principle is that aging of the internal insulation material of the HCTB overvoltage protector leads to a decrease in its insulation performance, directly manifested as a continuous decrease in input impedance from the normal range greater than 100MΩ to a lower preset range (e.g., 50MΩ~100MΩ). This decrease in insulation performance affects the voltage reference stability of the protector's internal protection circuit, causing a deviation between the real-time value of the secondary protection voltage and the default setting of 150VAC±10% (e.g., a deviation exceeding 5% but not reaching the 10% threshold for triggering protection action). Simultaneously, the insulation aging process may be accompanied by localized slight discharge, and the generated heat may cause the area where the fault indicator is located (and the protected area) to experience heat. If the temperature of the internal protection circuit of the protector rises and exceeds the temperature of the normal indicator area (the normal indicator area only generates basic heat due to illuminating under normal conditions, without additional temperature rise), the multi-dimensional characteristics of insulation aging can be comprehensively captured through the triple judgment conditions of "input impedance decrease + protection voltage deviation + temperature rise of the fault indicator area". This avoids misjudging the early signs of insulation aging due to a single abnormal parameter. The beneficial effect of this judgment method is to realize early warning of the internal insulation status of the protector, providing a time window for maintenance personnel to arrange the replacement of the protector in advance, and preventing further insulation deterioration that could lead to protector failure or secondary circuit faults.

[0041] S105: When an overvoltage protection action is detected, the secondary voltage is verified using the parameter-temperature correlation dataset to determine whether it exceeds the threshold and whether the current decreases to the preset value within a preset time. The temperature change in the fault indicator area in the infrared image is compared to obtain the verification result. Based on the precursor correlation dataset and the verification result, if there are precursors of poor terminal contact or insulation aging, the action is determined to be triggered by a precursor. If there are no precursors, the control voltage is checked for abnormal fluctuations, and the terminal temperature is checked for uniform increase. If both are positive, the protection action is determined to be triggered by an abnormal external control voltage. The judgment result is integrated with the parameters and temperature data in the basic parameter dataset to generate a qualitative action dataset.

[0042] Specifically, the principle behind this step is that the effectiveness and authenticity of overvoltage protection actions need to be confirmed through the coordinated verification of changes in electrical parameters and physical thermal states, avoiding bias in action judgment caused by relying solely on data from a single dimension. Whether the secondary voltage exceeds the threshold is the core electrical basis for determining whether the overvoltage protection action conforms to the triggering logic. According to the technical characteristics of the HCTB overvoltage protector, its secondary protection voltage is set to 150VAC±10% by default. When the secondary voltage data in the parameter-temperature correlation dataset at the time of protection action exceeds this threshold, it can be preliminarily determined that the protection action meets the core condition of "overvoltage." Whether the current decreases to a preset value within a preset time is a key indicator for verifying whether the protection action effectively suppresses overvoltage faults. Since the HCTB overvoltage protector releases the secondary overvoltage through a short circuit in its internal protection circuit during overvoltage, this process is accompanied by a brief change in the secondary current. Typically, it is required that within ≤100ms after the protector's action, the secondary current decreases from the abnormal value during overvoltage to a preset safe value close to zero. If the current data in the parameter-temperature correlation dataset meets this time and value requirement, the protection action can be further confirmed. The action has effectively intervened in the overvoltage fault. Simultaneously, comparing the temperature abrupt changes in the fault indicator area of ​​the infrared image is an important supplement to verifying the authenticity of the protection action from the perspective of physical thermal state. When the overvoltage protection action is triggered, the protector's contact switch changes from being closed with the first stationary contact to being closed with the second stationary contact, causing the fault indicator to illuminate. During the energization process, the indicator's temperature rises due to the conversion of electrical energy into heat energy. This is reflected in the synchronized infrared image set; the average temperature of the fault indicator area in the infrared image corresponding to the moment of protection action will show a significant abrupt change compared to the temperature before the action (usually the temperature increase is not less than 5°C). If this temperature abrupt change is synchronized with the change in electrical parameters, it can comprehensively verify the actual occurrence of the overvoltage protection action, avoiding misjudgments caused by errors or interference in electrical parameter acquisition. Through cross-verification of electrical parameters and infrared temperature data, the determination of the overvoltage protection action is ensured to be both accurate and reliable, providing a solid factual basis for subsequent qualitative analysis of the action.

[0043] Based on the analysis of the precursor correlation dataset and verification results, if there are precursors of poor terminal contact or insulation aging, it is determined that the operation is triggered by the precursor. The principle of this judgment logic is that both precursors of poor terminal contact and insulation aging are potential hazards that may lead to overvoltage faults, and there is a clear causal relationship between them and the overvoltage protection operation: poor terminal contact will cause the contact resistance of the secondary circuit of the current transformer to increase. During normal operation, the contact point is prone to heat generation, which will cause the local voltage of the circuit to rise. When the voltage rise accumulates to exceed the secondary protection voltage threshold of the HCTB overvoltage protector, the overvoltage protection operation will be triggered; while the precursor of insulation aging will cause the input impedance of the HCTB overvoltage protector to decrease, its internal insulation performance will weaken, and it will not be able to effectively withstand the secondary voltage during normal operation, which will easily lead to the risk of insulation breakdown, thereby causing an abnormal rise in the secondary voltage and ultimately triggering the protection operation. If any of the aforementioned precursors have been recorded in the current precursor association dataset before the protection action, and the verification results confirm that the overvoltage protection action is genuine and effective, the overvoltage protection action can be determined to be caused by the previously identified precursors based on the causal chain of "accumulated hidden dangers leading to faults, and faults triggering protection actions". The beneficial effect of this determination method is that it can accurately locate the root cause of the overvoltage protection action, avoid focusing only on the protection action itself and ignoring potential hidden dangers, and provide a clear direction for fault tracing for subsequent operation and maintenance.

[0044] If no warning signs are present, check for abnormal fluctuations in the control voltage and inspect whether the terminal temperature rises uniformly. If both tests are positive, the protection action is determined to be caused by an abnormal external control voltage. The principle behind this logic is that when there are no warning signs of poor terminal contact or insulation aging, the cause of the overvoltage protection action needs to be investigated from the perspective of the external power supply environment. Since the control voltage is the operating power supply for the overvoltage protector and its indicator circuit, abnormal fluctuations in the control voltage directly affect the normal operation of the protector. According to the power supply requirements of the HCTB overvoltage protector, its compatible control voltage range is 85V~265V (supports AC / DC). When the real-time control voltage signal of the control bus exhibits abnormal fluctuations exceeding this range (such as a sudden voltage increase to 300VAC), the fluctuating voltage may be conducted through the protector's power supply to the internal circuitry of the HCTB overvoltage protector, causing it to malfunction. The secondary voltage detection module misidentifies an overvoltage fault, triggering the protection action. Simultaneously, abnormal fluctuations in external control voltage typically affect the power supply stability of the entire control circuit, impacting not only the HCTB overvoltage protector but also other terminals connected to the control busbar. This causes current changes at each terminal due to voltage abnormalities, resulting in a uniform temperature rise, rather than a localized temperature rise at a specific terminal due to poor contact. Therefore, by detecting abnormal fluctuations in control voltage and uniform temperature rise at the terminals, we can accurately identify protection actions caused by external control voltage abnormalities—not due to inherent equipment defects. This comprehensively covers all possible causes of overvoltage protection actions, including actions caused by potential equipment defects and actions caused by abnormal external power supply environments, ensuring the completeness and comprehensiveness of the qualitative analysis of the actions and avoiding the omission of faults caused by non-equipment factors.

[0045] Furthermore, after generating the action qualitative dataset, it also includes: After the overvoltage protector completes its reset, it continuously collects a set number of timestamps at a set frequency to generate a post-reset tracking dataset. Based on the results of the action qualitative dataset, it determines the key points of the post-reset tracking: if the result indicates that the action was triggered by a precursor, it checks for poor contact at the phase terminal corresponding to the precursor, confirms whether the secondary current fluctuation amplitude of that phase is less than or equal to the set ratio of the average current of that phase, and confirms whether the infrared temperature of the phase terminal is consistent with that of the other phase terminals; if the result indicates that the protection action was triggered by an abnormal external control voltage, it confirms whether the control bus voltage is stable within the normal range and whether the temperature in the terminal area is uniform; if there are cases where parameters have not recovered or the area temperature is abnormal in the post-reset tracking data, it is marked as an incomplete reset state, and a secondary check prompt signal is output using the existing alarm contacts of the overvoltage protector.

[0046] Specifically, while the reset operation of the overvoltage protector (including manual reset or automatic reset after power failure) aims to restore the protector to its normal working state, whether the electrical performance and thermal state of the protector and related circuits have truly returned to stability after reset needs to be verified through continuous parameter and temperature monitoring. This is to avoid the protector triggering protection again in a short period of time due to incomplete reset or incomplete elimination of potential hazards. The "setting frequency" must be consistent with the acquisition frequency of the target parameters in step S101 and the acquisition frequency of infrared images in step S102 to ensure that the tracking data is comparable to the previous monitoring data in the time dimension. The setting of the "continuous setting number of timestamps" must be determined based on the stabilization period after the overvoltage protector is reset (for example, set to 10 consecutive timestamps, corresponding to 10 minutes of continuous monitoring) to ensure that the transition process from transient to steady state of the system after reset can be covered, and to avoid missing abnormal states after reset due to insufficient monitoring time. The tracking dataset after reset is generated by integrating the target parameters collected during the continuous monitoring process with the synchronous infrared images and the average infrared temperature values ​​of each functional area extracted into a complete dataset according to the timestamps.

[0047] The focus of post-reset tracking is determined based on the results of the action qualitative dataset. The principle is that the action qualitative dataset clearly identifies the cause of the overvoltage protection action (i.e., the action triggered by a precursor or by an abnormal external control voltage). Different causes correspond to different fault risk points. Targeted tracking allows for "targeted monitoring," avoiding resource waste and omissions caused by indiscriminate monitoring. If the action qualitative dataset indicates a precursor-induced action (i.e., caused by a precursor to poor terminal contact or insulation aging), then the focus of post-reset tracking should be on the fault risk point corresponding to the precursor. For a precursor to poor terminal contact, it is necessary to check whether the poor terminal contact problem in the corresponding phase has been resolved after reset and repair. Specifically, this needs to be verified through two key indicators: first, confirming whether the secondary current fluctuation amplitude of that phase is less than or equal to the set proportion of the phase's average current (e.g., the set proportion). The first is 5%, meaning the absolute value of the difference between the continuously monitored secondary current and the average current of this phase is ≤ 5% of the average current. The principle is that after the poor contact problem is solved, the secondary side circuit connection resistance returns to normal, the current transmission is stable, and the current fluctuation amplitude will be significantly reduced and maintained within a small range. If the fluctuation amplitude exceeds the set ratio, it means that the poor contact problem has not been completely eliminated. The second is to confirm whether the infrared temperature of the terminal of this phase is consistent with that of the terminal of other phases (e.g., temperature difference ≤ 2℃). The principle is that poor contact will cause the terminal to heat up locally, and the temperature will be higher than that of the terminals of other normal phases. If the temperature returns to the same, it indicates that the terminal contact status is normal and there is no abnormal heating. The joint verification of these two indicators can ensure that the poor contact problem has been solved from the two dimensions of electrical performance and thermal status. Its beneficial effect is to avoid misjudgment caused by insufficient verification of a single indicator and to ensure that the fault risk points corresponding to the precursors have been completely eliminated.

[0048] If the result of the action qualitative dataset indicates that the protection action was triggered by an abnormal external control voltage, the focus of the post-reset tracking should be on the stability of the external power supply environment. Specifically, two key states need to be confirmed: First, confirm whether the control bus voltage is stable within the normal range (i.e., 85V~265V, supporting AC / DC). The principle is that the abnormal external control voltage is the root cause of this protection action. Only when the control voltage recovers and stabilizes within the normal range can the overvoltage protector and control circuit operate stably afterward, avoiding false triggering due to voltage abnormalities again. Second, confirm whether the temperature of the terminal area is uniform (e.g., the average temperature difference between each terminal area is ≤3℃). The principle is that when the external control voltage is abnormal, the current of each terminal will change due to voltage fluctuations, resulting in a uniform temperature rise. When the control voltage returns to normal, the current transmission of each terminal returns to stability, and the temperature should also return to uniformity. If there is still a significant temperature unevenness, it may mean that the abnormal control voltage has had a potential impact on the terminal connection status, and further investigation is required. Confirmation of these two states is sufficient to verify whether the external abnormal factors have been eliminated from the dimensions of power supply stability and circuit thermal status.

[0049] Furthermore, after utilizing the existing alarm contacts of the overvoltage protector to output a secondary check prompt signal, it also includes: If all parameters and temperatures return to normal, the reset tracking dataset, action qualitative dataset, precursor correlation dataset, and basic parameter dataset will be correlated and integrated to generate a monitoring archive of full-process detection information. This provides complete historical data support for subsequent equipment anomaly troubleshooting, shortening maintenance time, and also provides a basis for equipment performance evaluation and fault pattern analysis, helping to improve the precision of power secondary system operation and maintenance and operational reliability.

[0050] Furthermore, after generating the monitoring archive containing the full-process detection information, it also includes: The average rate of change of input impedance over a set period is calculated based on the monitoring data. When the input impedance shows a continuous downward trend and the frequency of insulation aging precursor markers rises to a preset frequency, an insulation aging warning is generated. When the peak temperature of any phase's terminal continues to rise within a preset time and the historical data of the secondary current fluctuation amplitude of that phase increases, a poor contact warning is generated. All warning information is stored in the monitoring system to form a traceable record. By analyzing the input impedance changes and insulation aging precursor frequencies through the monitoring data, insulation aging risks can be identified in advance and warnings can be issued to avoid insulation breakdown faults. By tracking the peak temperature of the terminal and the fluctuation of the secondary current, poor wiring contact problems can be detected and warned in a timely manner to prevent overvoltage or open circuits. All warning information is archived and traceable, facilitating subsequent querying and operation and maintenance optimization, further ensuring the stable operation of overvoltage protectors and power secondary circuits.

[0051] Example 3: Based on the same inventive concept, such as Figure 3 As shown, this invention provides an intelligent monitoring system for an overvoltage protector, applied to the overvoltage protector in Embodiment 1, and further includes an infrared camera facing the overvoltage protector; the system includes: The data acquisition module 201 is used to acquire the target parameters of the overvoltage protector in real time. The target parameters include the voltage of the overvoltage protector power supply, the real-time current on the secondary side of each phase current transformer, the input impedance of the overvoltage protector, the secondary protection voltage, the current status indication signal of the overvoltage protector, and the real-time control voltage signal of the control bus. The target parameters are collected at a preset frequency, and a timestamp is added to each set of collected data. The data are then integrated to form a basic parameter dataset containing the target parameters and the corresponding timestamps. The infrared data acquisition module 202 is used to start the infrared camera and acquire the infrared image of the overvoltage protector at a preset frequency, so that the capture timestamp of each infrared image is synchronized with the acquisition timestamp of the corresponding parameter in the basic parameter dataset, and a synchronized infrared image set is generated. The data association module 203 is used to extract the average infrared temperature values ​​of the normal indicator light area, fault indicator light area, three-phase input terminal area, secondary neutral point terminal area, power positive connection terminal area, power negative connection terminal area, and control bus connection terminal area of ​​each image in the synchronous infrared image set through image segmentation. It then associates each average infrared temperature value with all parameters in the basic parameter dataset corresponding to the timestamp to form a parameter-temperature association dataset. The precursor association module 204 is used to extract continuous sequence data from the parameter-temperature association dataset in chronological order; it analyzes the secondary current and input impedance in the continuous sequence data, and marks it as a precursor to poor contact when the current difference of any phase exceeds a set ratio multiple times and the terminal temperature of that phase is higher than the set value of other phases; when the input impedance drops to a preset range multiple times and the protection voltage deviation exceeds the set value but does not reach the threshold, if the temperature of the fault indicator is higher than the set value of the normal area, it is marked as a precursor to insulation aging; the precursor type, time and parameter-temperature characteristics are bound to generate a precursor association dataset. The action qualitative module 205 is used to verify whether the secondary voltage exceeds the threshold and whether the current decreases to the preset value within a preset time when an overvoltage protection action is detected, by using a parameter-temperature correlation dataset. It also compares the temperature change in the fault indicator area in the infrared image to obtain the verification result. Based on the precursor correlation dataset and the verification result, it analyzes whether there are precursors to poor terminal contact or insulation aging. If there are precursors, it determines that the action was triggered by a precursor. If there are no precursors, it detects whether the control voltage fluctuates abnormally and checks whether the terminal temperature rises uniformly. If both detection results are positive, it determines that the protection action was triggered by an abnormal external control voltage. The judgment result is integrated with the parameters and temperature data in the basic parameter dataset to generate an action qualitative dataset.

[0052] Based on the same inventive concept, such as Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a memory 302, a processor 301, and a computer program stored in the memory 302 and executable on the processor 301. When the processor 301 executes the computer program, it implements an intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector.

[0053] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements an intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector.

[0054] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An overvoltage protector, characterized in that, Includes current transformers, ammeters, HCTB overvoltage protectors, control busbars, fuses, protector power supplies, and indicating circuits; Three sets of current transformers and ammeters are connected in series, with each set connected in parallel. Each set of current transformers and ammeters is connected to a different phase of the line. The input terminals 1, 2, and 3 of the HCTB overvoltage protector are respectively connected to the secondary side of the three current transformers, and the output terminal 10 of the HCTB overvoltage protector is grounded. The two control buses are respectively connected to the two ends of the power supply of the protector, and a fuse is provided between any of the control buses and the power supply of the protector. The indicating circuit is connected in parallel with the power supply of the protector. The indicating circuit includes a protector contact switch, a fault indicator light, and a normal indicator light. The protector contact switch includes a moving contact, a first stationary contact, and a second stationary contact. The first stationary contact is connected to the first terminal of the protector power supply through the normal indicator light. The second stationary contact is connected to the first terminal of the protector power supply through the fault indicator light. The moving contact is connected to the second terminal of the protector power supply.

2. An intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector, applied to the overvoltage protector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an infrared camera, which is positioned facing the overvoltage protector; the method includes: S101, acquire the target parameters of the overvoltage protector in real time. The target parameters include the voltage of the overvoltage protector power supply, the real-time current on the secondary side of each phase current transformer, the input impedance of the overvoltage protector, the secondary side protection voltage, the current status indication signal of the overvoltage protector, and the real-time control voltage signal of the control bus. Collect the target parameters at a preset frequency, add a timestamp to each set of collected data, and integrate them to form a basic parameter dataset containing the target parameters and the corresponding timestamps. S102, the infrared camera is activated to acquire infrared images of the overvoltage protector at the preset frequency, so that the capture timestamp of each infrared image is synchronized with the acquisition timestamp of the corresponding parameter in the basic parameter dataset, and a synchronized infrared image set is generated. S103, by image segmentation, extract the average infrared temperature values ​​of the normal indicator light area, fault indicator light area, three-phase input terminal area, secondary neutral point terminal area, power positive connection terminal area, power negative connection terminal area, and control bus connection terminal area of ​​each image in the synchronous infrared image set. Then, associate each average infrared temperature value with all parameters in the basic parameter dataset of the corresponding timestamp to form a parameter-temperature association dataset. S104, extract continuous sequence data from the parameter-temperature correlation dataset in chronological order; analyze the secondary current and input impedance in the continuous sequence data, and mark it as a precursor to poor contact when the current difference of any phase exceeds a set ratio multiple times and the terminal temperature of that phase is higher than the set value of other phases; when the input impedance drops to a preset range multiple times and the protection voltage deviation exceeds the set value but does not reach the threshold, if the temperature of the fault indicator light is higher than the set value of the normal area, it is marked as a precursor to insulation aging; bind the precursor type, time and parameter-temperature characteristics to generate a precursor correlation dataset; S105, when an overvoltage protection action is detected, the secondary side voltage is verified to exceed the threshold and the current is reduced to the preset value within a preset time using the parameter-temperature correlation dataset. The temperature change in the fault indicator area in the infrared image is compared to obtain the verification result. The analysis is performed based on the precursor correlation dataset and the verification result. If there are precursors of poor terminal contact or insulation aging, the action is determined to be triggered by a precursor. If there are no precursors, the control voltage is checked for abnormal fluctuations, and the terminal temperature is checked for uniform increase. If both are positive, the protection action is determined to be triggered by an abnormal external control voltage. The judgment result is integrated with the parameters and temperature data in the basic parameter dataset to generate a qualitative action dataset.

3. The intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for analyzing the secondary currents in the continuous sequence data specifically include: Calculate the difference in secondary current of the same phase within two adjacent timestamps. If the difference in the number of consecutive set times for any phase exceeds the set proportion of the average current of that phase in the sequence data, and the infrared temperature value of the corresponding terminal is higher than the temperature of the terminals of other phases at the same timestamp by a preset value, and the normal status signal in the basic parameter dataset is still normal, then it is marked as a precursor to poor contact.

4. The intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for analyzing the input impedance based on the continuous sequence data specifically include: If the input impedance drops from the initial set impedance value range to another set impedance value range within a set number of consecutive times, and the deviation between the real-time value of the secondary protection voltage and the default protection voltage exceeds the set deviation ratio, and the infrared temperature value of the fault indicator area is higher than the set temperature value of the normal indicator area, then it will be marked as a precursor to insulation aging.

5. The intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector according to claim 2, characterized in that, After generating the action qualitative dataset, the following is also included: After the overvoltage protector completes the reset, it continuously collects a set number of timestamps at a set frequency to generate a tracking dataset after the reset. Based on the results of the qualitative dataset of the action, determine the key points of tracking after reset: if the result is that the action is triggered by a precursor, check the poor contact of the phase terminal corresponding to the precursor, confirm whether the secondary current fluctuation amplitude of the phase is less than or equal to the set ratio of the average current of the phase, and confirm whether the infrared temperature of the terminal of the phase is consistent with that of the terminals of other phases. If the result is that the protection action is caused by an abnormal external control voltage, then confirm whether the control voltage of the small busbar is stable within the normal range and whether the temperature of the terminal area is uniform. If, after reset, the tracking data shows that parameters have not been restored or the area temperature is abnormal, it is marked as an incomplete reset state, and a secondary check prompt signal is output using the existing alarm contacts of the overvoltage protector.

6. The intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector according to claim 5, characterized in that: After utilizing the existing alarm contacts of the overvoltage protector to output a secondary check prompt signal, the method further includes: If all parameters and temperatures return to normal, the reset tracking dataset will be integrated with the action qualitative dataset, precursor correlation dataset, and basic parameter dataset to generate a monitoring archive of full-process detection information.

7. The intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector according to claim 6, characterized in that, After generating the monitoring archive containing the full-process detection information, it also includes: The average rate of change of input impedance over a set period is calculated based on the monitoring data. When the input impedance shows a continuous downward trend and the insulation aging precursor marker frequency rises to a preset frequency, insulation aging warning information is generated. When the peak temperature of any phase terminal continues to rise within a preset time, and the historical data of the secondary current fluctuation amplitude of that phase increases, a poor contact warning message is generated. All early warning information is stored in the monitoring system to form a traceable record.

8. An intelligent monitoring system for an overvoltage protector, applied to the overvoltage protector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an infrared camera, which is positioned facing the overvoltage protector; the system includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the target parameters of the overvoltage protector in real time. The target parameters include the voltage of the overvoltage protector power supply, the real-time current on the secondary side of each phase current transformer, the input impedance of the overvoltage protector, the secondary protection voltage, the current status indication signal of the overvoltage protector, and the real-time control voltage signal of the control bus. The target parameters are collected at a preset frequency, and a timestamp is added to each set of collected data. The data are then integrated to form a basic parameter dataset containing the target parameters and the corresponding timestamps. The infrared data acquisition module is used to start the infrared camera and acquire the infrared image of the overvoltage protector at the preset frequency, so that the capture timestamp of each infrared image is synchronized with the acquisition timestamp of the corresponding parameter in the basic parameter dataset, and a synchronized infrared image set is generated. The data association module is used to extract the average infrared temperature values ​​of the normal indicator light area, fault indicator light area, three-phase input terminal area, secondary neutral point terminal area, power positive connection terminal area, power negative connection terminal area, and control bus connection terminal area of ​​each image in the synchronous infrared image set through image segmentation. The module then associates each average infrared temperature value with all parameters in the basic parameter dataset corresponding to the timestamp to form a parameter-temperature association dataset. The precursor correlation module is used to extract continuous sequence data from the parameter-temperature correlation dataset in chronological order; based on the secondary current and input impedance in the continuous sequence data, it analyzes the data and marks it as a precursor to poor contact when the current difference of any phase exceeds a set ratio multiple times and the terminal temperature of that phase is higher than the set value of other phases; when the input impedance drops to a preset range multiple times and the protection voltage deviation exceeds the set value but does not reach the threshold, if the temperature of the fault indicator light is higher than the set value of the normal area, it is marked as a precursor to insulation aging; the precursor type, time, and parameter-temperature characteristics are bound together to generate a precursor correlation dataset. The action qualitative module is used to verify whether the secondary voltage exceeds the threshold and whether the current decreases to a preset value within a preset time when an overvoltage protection action is detected, by using a parameter-temperature correlation dataset. It also compares the temperature change in the fault indicator area in the infrared image to obtain the verification result. Based on the precursor correlation dataset and the verification result, the module analyzes whether there are precursors to poor terminal contact or insulation aging. If there are precursors, the action is determined to be triggered by a precursor. If there are no precursors, the module detects whether the control voltage fluctuates abnormally and checks whether the terminal temperature rises uniformly. If both detection results are positive, the action is determined to be triggered by an abnormal external control voltage. The judgment result is integrated with the parameters and temperature data in the basic parameter dataset to generate an action qualitative dataset.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements an intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector as described in any one of claims 2 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements an intelligent monitoring method for an overvoltage protector as described in any one of claims 2 to 8.

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