High-stability electrolyzed water catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-stability electrolyzed water catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electro-catalysis. The catalyst comprises carbon cloth, quaternary alloy is loaded on the carbon cloth, and the quaternary alloy comprises nickel, iron, gallium and platinum in a molar ratio of (1.2-1.8): (1.2-1.8): (0.7-0.9): (0.1-0.3). The carbon cloth can improve the dispersibility of the active component and improve the electron conduction efficiency. Synergistic doping of the quaternary alloy can improve intrinsic activity and inhibit agglomeration and dissolution of active sites. And the catalyst has excellent electrochemical performance in an alkaline environment, and has high catalytic activity and long cycle stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrocatalysis technology, specifically relating to a highly stable water electrolysis catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen is considered a highly promising technology because it can directly convert electrical energy into high-purity hydrogen energy. However, the anodic reaction in the water electrolysis process suffers from slow kinetics and high overpotential, which has become a key bottleneck restricting the efficiency of water electrolysis. Therefore, developing highly active, highly stable, and low-cost OER catalysts is a core requirement for promoting the large-scale application of water electrolysis to produce hydrogen.

[0004] Current OER catalysts mainly rely on noble metal-based materials such as Ir and Ru. Although they possess excellent catalytic activity, the scarcity and high cost of these raw materials severely limit their large-scale industrial application. Among non-noble metal catalyst systems, nickel-iron (NiFe) catalysts exhibit OER activity close to that of noble metal-based catalysts such as Ir and Ru, but they suffer from poor conductivity, easy aggregation or dissolution of active sites during long-term cycling, and insufficient stability, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of actual electrolysis conditions. Existing technologies include alloy catalysts containing Ni, Ga, and Pt, but most schemes suffer from the problem of not achieving precise control over the element doping ratio and preparation process, resulting in insufficient exposure of active sites or weakened electronic synergistic effects. After long-term cycling, catalyst shedding easily occurs, leading to a sharp drop in stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a highly stable water electrolysis catalyst, its preparation method, and its application, comprising a quaternary alloy of Ni, Fe, Ga, and Pt, which exhibits high efficiency in the electrolysis reaction of alkaline water.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, a highly stable water electrolysis catalyst includes carbon cloth on which a quaternary alloy is supported, the quaternary alloy comprising nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), and platinum (Pt) in a molar ratio of (1.2~1.8):(1.2~1.8):(0.7~0.9):(0.1~0.3).

[0007] Secondly, the preparation method of the above-mentioned highly stable water electrolysis catalyst includes the following steps: S1. Add nickel source, iron source, gallium source, platinum source and carbon cloth to the dispersion, disperse and impregnate, so that nickel source, iron source, gallium source and platinum source are adsorbed onto carbon cloth to obtain adsorbed carbon cloth. S2. After drying the adsorbed carbon cloth, reduce it at 600~800℃ to obtain the highly stable water electrolysis catalyst.

[0008] Thirdly, the applications of the aforementioned highly stable water electrolysis catalysts include: applications in the OER or HER reactions during the catalytic water electrolysis process under alkaline conditions.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention provides a highly stable water electrolysis catalyst comprising quaternary alloy particles uniformly supported on carbon cloth. The carbon cloth possesses high conductivity, large specific surface area, excellent flexibility, and chemical stability, improving the dispersibility of active components and enhancing electron conduction efficiency, thus constructing an efficient interfacial transport channel for the electrocatalytic reaction. The synergistic doping of Ni, Fe, Ga, and Pt optimizes the adsorption energy barrier for OER intermediates (such as *OH, *O, *OOH) through electronic structure regulation, enhancing intrinsic activity. Furthermore, the high corrosion resistance of Pt and the lattice stabilizing effect of Ga inhibit the aggregation and dissolution of active sites. This catalyst can efficiently electrolyze water under alkaline conditions, exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance in alkaline environments, combining high catalytic activity with long-term cycling stability. The catalyst operates at 10 mA cm⁻¹. -2 The LSV overpotential value is 220 mV, which is better than the performance of most catalysts.

[0010] 2. The preparation method of the present invention includes surface functionalization deposition and hydrogen reduction, and the catalyst nanoparticles prepared have uniform size distribution, good dispersibility, high crystallinity and few crystal defects. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0012] Figure 1 The image shows a SEM image of the catalyst prepared in Example 1.

[0013] Figure 2 The image shows a TEM image of the catalyst prepared in Example 1.

[0014] Figure 3 The images show the XRD patterns of the catalysts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. (a) is the overall XRD pattern, and (b) is a magnified view of (a).

[0015] Figure 4The OER LSV curves are for the catalysts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in Example 2.

[0016] Figure 5 The OER LSV curves are for the catalysts prepared in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Examples 5 to 9 in Example 2.

[0017] Figure 6 According to Figure 4 The obtained Tafel curve.

[0018] Figure 7 The graph shows the cyclic stability of the catalyst prepared in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0019] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0020] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0021] One or more embodiments of the present invention provide a highly stable water electrolysis catalyst, comprising carbon cloth on which a quaternary alloy is supported, the quaternary alloy comprising nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), and platinum (Pt) in a molar ratio of (1.2~1.8):(1.2~1.8):(0.7~0.9):(0.1~0.3).

[0022] In the above structure, carbon cloth can improve the dispersibility of active components and enhance electronic conduction efficiency. The quaternary alloy can optimize the adsorption energy barrier of the catalyst for intermediate products (such as *OH, *O, *OOH) through electronic structure regulation, and can also inhibit the aggregation and dissolution of active sites by taking advantage of the high corrosion resistance of Pt and the lattice stabilization of Ga. It can efficiently electrolyze water in alkaline environment and has excellent electrochemical performance in alkaline environment.

[0023] Optionally, the mass of the quaternary alloy is 55-60% of the mass of the carbon cloth.

[0024] Optionally, in the quaternary alloy, the molar ratio of nickel (Ni) to iron (Fe) is 1:(0.8~1.2), and the ratio of the two is close to 1, which can obtain better high catalytic activity and long cycle stability.

[0025] One or more embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned highly stable water electrolysis catalyst, comprising: S1. Add nickel source, iron source, gallium source, platinum source and carbon cloth to the dispersion, disperse and impregnate, so that nickel source, iron source, gallium source and platinum source are adsorbed onto carbon cloth to obtain adsorbed carbon cloth. S2. After drying the adsorbed carbon cloth, reduce it at 600~800℃ to obtain the highly stable water electrolysis catalyst.

[0026] The above process employs surface functionalization deposition and hydrogen reduction methods to successfully prepare quaternary alloy nanoparticles uniformly loaded on carbon cloth, exhibiting uniform size distribution, high crystallinity, and few crystal defects.

[0027] Optionally, in S1, the iron source is one or more of nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, and nickel sulfate; Alternatively, the iron source may be one or more of ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, and ferric sulfate; Alternatively, the gallium source may be one or more of gallium nitrate, gallium chloride, and gallium sulfate; Alternatively, the platinum source may be one or more of chloroplatinic acid, potassium chloroplatinate, and platinum acetylacetonate; Various components can be dissolved or dispersed in the dispersion, and then adsorbed onto the carbon cloth to achieve surface functionalization deposition.

[0028] Optionally, in S1, the carbon cloth undergoes pretreatment, and the pretreatment method includes: immersing the carbon cloth in a mixed solution of acetone and ethanol, vacuum drying, then immersing it in a sulfuric acid solution, washing it with water until neutral, and then vacuum drying; this is a conventional pretreatment method for carbon cloth.

[0029] Optionally, in S1, the dispersant of the dispersion is one or more of water, ethanol, and isopropanol; wherein the water is deionized water, the ethanol is 99.9% anhydrous ethanol, and the isopropanol is 95.5% analytical grade isopropanol.

[0030] Optionally, in S1, the concentrations of each component in the dispersion include: nickel source 50~55 mmol / L, iron source 50~55 mmol / L, gallium source 25~30 mmol / L, and platinum source 5~10 mmol / L.

[0031] Optionally, in S1, the dispersion method includes: ultrasonic dispersion for 10~30 min.

[0032] Optionally, the immersion time is 10-15 hours to achieve surface functionalization deposition.

[0033] Optionally, in S2, the drying method includes: drying at 80~120℃ for 10~15h; completely removing moisture.

[0034] Optionally, in S2, the reduction method includes: reducing in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture for 1-5 hours, using hydrogen reduction to reduce the nickel, iron, gallium and platinum sources deposited on the carbon cloth surface, and crystallizing to generate a quaternary alloy with synergistic doping of each element.

[0035] Optionally, the volume fraction of hydrogen in the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is 10-20%.

[0036] One or more embodiments of the present invention provide applications of the above-described highly stable water electrolysis catalyst, including: catalyzing the OER reaction or HER reaction in the water electrolysis process under alkaline conditions.

[0037] Optionally, the alkaline conditions refer to a potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration of 1–1.5 M. A 1–1.5 M KOH solution can balance the ionic conductivity, reaction kinetics, and catalyst stability of the electrocatalytic reaction, and is the optimal concentration range for alkaline electrocatalysis.

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Example 1 A highly stable water electrolysis catalyst comprises carbon cloth on which a quaternary alloy is supported. The quaternary alloy comprises nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), and platinum (Pt) in a molar ratio of 1.5:1.5:0.8:0.2, denoted as Ni. 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC catalyst.

[0039] Preparation methods include: S1. Soak the carbon cloth in a mixed solution of acetone and ethanol, vacuum dry it, then soak it in sulfuric acid solution, wash it with water until neutral, and vacuum dry it to complete the pretreatment. Using nickel nitrate as the nickel source, ferric nitrate as the iron source, gallium nitrate as the gallium source, and chloroplatinic acid as the platinum source, weigh 0.1685g of nickel nitrate, 0.2341g of ferric nitrate, 0.079g of gallium nitrate, and 0.04g of chloroplatinic acid according to a molar ratio of 1.5:1.5:0.8:0.2 and mix them in a beaker to dissolve them. Add the pretreated carbon cloth, add distilled water (actually 7mL) to slightly cover the metal salt and carbon cloth as a dispersant, sonicate for 20min, and then soak for 12h to allow the nickel, iron, gallium, and platinum sources to be adsorbed onto the carbon cloth to obtain adsorbed carbon cloth.

[0040] S2. After removing the adsorbent carbon cloth, place it in an oven and dry it at 100℃ for 12 hours until all moisture is removed. Then, place it in a tube furnace and pass a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas with a hydrogen volume fraction of 10% through it. Reduce it at 700℃ for 2 hours to obtain Ni. 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt0.2 / CC catalyst.

[0041] Calculations show that the quaternary alloy has a mass of 60% of the carbon cloth mass.

[0042] Comparative Example 1 A catalyst includes carbon cloth on which a ternary alloy is supported. The ternary alloy comprises nickel (Ni), gallium (Ga), and platinum (Pt) in a molar ratio of 3:0.8:0.2, denoted as Ni3Ga. 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC catalyst; the difference from Example 1 is that iron is replaced with an equimolar amount of nickel.

[0043] The preparation method differs from that in Example 1 in that: In S1, according to the molar ratio of 3:0.8:0.2, 0.3317g of nickel nitrate, 0.0778g of gallium nitrate and 0.0394g of chloroplatinic acid are weighed to prepare a dispersion.

[0044] Other preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 2 A catalyst includes carbon cloth on which a ternary alloy is supported. The ternary alloy comprises nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and gallium (Ga) in a molar ratio of 1.5:1.5:1, denoted as Ni. 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga / CC catalyst; the difference from Example 1 is that platinum is replaced with an equimolar amount of gallium.

[0046] The preparation method differs from that in Example 1 in that: In S1, according to the molar ratio of 1.5:1.5:1, 0.186g of nickel nitrate, 0.2584g of ferric nitrate and 0.109g of gallium nitrate are weighed to prepare a dispersion.

[0047] Other preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0048] Comparative Example 3 A catalyst comprising carbon cloth on which a binary alloy is supported, the binary alloy comprising nickel and gallium in a molar ratio of 3:1, denoted as Ni3Ga / CC catalyst; the difference from Example 1 is that nickel is replaced with an equimolar amount of iron and platinum is replaced with an equimolar amount of gallium.

[0049] The preparation method differs from that in Example 1 in that: In S1, according to a molar ratio of 3:1, 0.3656 g of nickel nitrate and 0.1072 g of gallium nitrate are weighed to prepare a dispersion.

[0050] Other preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 4 A RuO2 / C catalyst is prepared by mixing 480 μL of anhydrous ethanol solution, 20 μL of Nafion solution and 5 mg of RuO2 sample in a beaker (10 mL), stirring thoroughly and sonicating for 30 min to obtain a coating slurry, and then taking 100 μL of the coating slurry and coating it evenly on carbon cloth to obtain the RuO2 / C catalyst.

[0052] Comparative Example 5 A catalyst includes carbon cloth on which a quaternary alloy is supported. The quaternary alloy comprises nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), and platinum (Pt) in a molar ratio of 2.5:0.5:0.8:0.2, denoted as Ni. 2.5 Fe 0.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC catalyst; the difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of nickel to iron is adjusted from 1:1 to 5:1.

[0053] The preparation method differs from that in Example 1 in that: In S1, according to the molar ratio of 2.5:0.5:0.8:0.2, 0.2779g of nickel nitrate, 0.0772g of ferric nitrate, 0.0782g of gallium nitrate and 0.0395g of chloroplatinic acid are weighed to prepare a dispersion.

[0054] Other preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 6 A catalyst includes carbon cloth on which a quaternary alloy is supported. The quaternary alloy comprises nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), and platinum (Pt) in a molar ratio of 2:1:0.8:0.2, denoted as Ni2Fe1Ga. 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC catalyst; the difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of nickel to iron is adjusted from 1:1 to 2:1.

[0056] The preparation method differs from that in Example 1 in that: In S1, according to the molar ratio of 2:1:0.8:0.2, 0.2235g of nickel nitrate, 0.1553g of ferric nitrate, 0.0786g of gallium nitrate and 0.0398g of chloroplatinic acid are weighed to prepare a dispersion.

[0057] Other preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 7 A catalyst includes carbon cloth on which a quaternary alloy is supported. The quaternary alloy comprises nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), and platinum (Pt) in a molar ratio of 1:2:0.8:0.2, denoted as Ni1Fe2Ga. 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC catalyst; the difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of nickel to iron is adjusted from 1:1 to 1:2.

[0059] The preparation method differs from that in Example 1 in that: In S1, according to the molar ratio of 1:2:0.8:0.2, 0.113g of nickel nitrate, 0.3139g of ferric nitrate, 0.0795g of gallium nitrate and 0.0402g of chloroplatinic acid are weighed to prepare a dispersion.

[0060] Other preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 8 A catalyst includes carbon cloth on which a quaternary alloy is supported. The quaternary alloy comprises nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), and platinum (Pt) in a molar ratio of 0.5:2.5:0.8:0.2, denoted as Ni. 0.5 Fe 2.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC catalyst; the difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of nickel to iron is adjusted from 1:1 to 5:1.

[0062] The preparation method differs from that in Example 1 in that: In S1, according to the molar ratio of 0.5:2.5:0.8:0.2, 0.0568g of nickel nitrate, 0.3945g of ferric nitrate, 0.0799g of gallium nitrate and 0.0405g of chloroplatinic acid are weighed to prepare a dispersion.

[0063] Other preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 9 A catalyst includes carbon cloth on which a ternary alloy is supported. The ternary alloy comprises iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), and platinum (Pt) in a molar ratio of 3:0.8:0.2, denoted as Fe3Ga. 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC catalyst; the difference from Example 1 is that nickel is replaced with an equimolar amount of iron.

[0065] The preparation method differs from that in Example 1 in that: In S1, according to the molar ratio of 3:0.8:0.2, 0.4759g of ferric nitrate, 0.0803g of gallium nitrate and 0.0407g of chloroplatinic acid were weighed to prepare a dispersion.

[0066] Other preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0067] Detection example The catalyst prepared in Example 1 was examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the lumps attached to the carbon fiber are Ni.1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 The quaternary alloy contains Ni and Fe oxides as flocculents, indicating that Ni... 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 The / CC catalyst achieved uniform and high-density in-situ growth on a carbon cloth substrate. Carbon cloth (CC) possesses high conductivity, large specific surface area, excellent flexibility, and chemical stability, effectively improving the dispersion of active components and enhancing electron conduction efficiency. This high-density loading characteristic not only fully exposes active sites and significantly improves the catalytic performance of the catalyst in the electrolyte system, but also fully leverages the inherent advantages of the high conductivity and three-dimensional porous structure of the carbon cloth substrate, constructing an efficient interfacial transport channel for electrocatalytic reactions.

[0068] The catalyst prepared in Example 1 was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, in Ni 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of the / CC composite material reveal the catalyst's microstructure: it exhibits a "tandem" nanoparticle aggregation structure. Smaller particles (100-150 nm in size) were selected, and EDS spectroscopy showed that four elements were uniformly distributed on the catalyst particle surface. The synergistic doping of the four metal elements can both optimize the adsorption energy barrier of the catalyst for OER intermediates (such as *OH, *O, *OOH) through electronic structure regulation, thereby enhancing intrinsic activity, and also inhibit the aggregation and dissolution of active sites by leveraging the high corrosion resistance of Pt and the lattice stabilizing effect of Ga.

[0069] XRD analysis was performed on the catalysts of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and the results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, from Figure 3 As can be seen from (a) in the figure, the diffraction peaks of the Ni3Ga / CC catalyst at 2θ = 44.3°, 51.7°, and 76.2° correspond to the characteristic peaks of the 111, 200, and 220 crystal planes of Ni3Ga PDF#04-003-2233. Figure 3 As can be seen from (b) in the figure: Ni 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC has undergone a large overall leftward shift of approximately 0.23° relative to the Ni3Ga PDF#04-003-2233 standard card corresponding to Ni3Ga / CC, while Ni3Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC and Ni 1.5 Fe 1.5 The Ga / CC ratio shows only a slight shift, suggesting that the NiFeGaPt alloy formed by Fe and Pt with Ni and Ga may have caused lattice expansion, and that Ni may also have been affected. 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 Characteristic peaks of FeOOH and FePt alloys were observed in / CC, indicating that Fe exists not only in the alloy state but also in the form of hydroxyl oxides. This also indicates the presence of Ni. 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC catalyst is a multi-complex phase catalyst.

[0070] Example 2 Ni was studied at room temperature in a conventional three-electrode electrolytic cell. 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC catalyst and its series of electrochemical OER properties. Using a mercury oxide electrode (HgO) as the reference electrode, 1cm 2 The Pt sheet electrode is used as the counter electrode, with Ni 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 Using the / CC catalyst as the working electrode and 1M KOH as the electrolyte in an alkaline environment, the tests were conducted using a CHI760e electrochemical workstation from Shanghai Chenhua.

[0071] Test parameters: The scan rate for linear voltammetry (LSV) is 5 mV / s, and the scan range is 0.2~1.5 V relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE).

[0072] The obtained potential is converted into the potential of the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) by the formula: E(RHE) = E(Hg / HgO) + 0.098 + 0.059pH, η = E(RHE) – 1.23 V.

[0073] The OER LSV curves of the catalysts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 under alkaline conditions are shown in the figure below. Figure 4 As shown; Figure 5 The OERLSV curves of the catalysts prepared for Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Examples 5-9 under an alkaline environment of 1M KOH are shown in the figure below. Figure 5 As shown; it can be seen that Ni 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC exhibits optimal OER performance at 10 mA cm -2 At current density, the overpotential is 220mV, which is better than the 295mV of commercial RuO2 / CC.

[0074] pass Figure 4 The calculated Tafel slope curve is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, compared to the comparative examples, the Ni in Example 1... 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC showed a 95.3 dec -1 The minimum slope indicates that the electronic structure of the multi-metal complex significantly reduces the rate-determining energy barrier, achieving the fastest dynamic response.

[0075] In a 1M KOH solution environment at 10mA cm -2 Under constant current density, for Ni in Example 1 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 The / CC catalyst underwent long-cycle stability testing for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution (OER). Results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, during the 600-hour test cycle, Ni 1.5 Fe 1.5 Ga 0.8 Pt 0.2 / CC catalyst cell potential (E cell The potential shows a slow upward trend, starting at 1.518 V and ending at only 1.59 V, with a small potential increment, and E... cell - The smooth time curve without significant fluctuations indicates that no severe structural degradation or loss of active sites occurred on the catalyst surface during the reaction. The multi-element alloy catalyst, through the synergistic effect of multiple metals, optimizes the electronic structure and surface reaction kinetics, effectively suppressing the dissolution of active components and abnormal growth of the oxide layer, exhibiting superior long-cycle stability.

[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly stable water electrolysis catalyst, characterized in that, The invention includes carbon cloth on which a quaternary alloy is loaded, the quaternary alloy comprising nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), and platinum (Pt) in a molar ratio of (1.2~1.8):(1.2~1.8):(0.7~0.9):(0.1~0.3).

2. The highly stable water electrolysis catalyst as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the quaternary alloy, the molar ratio of nickel (Ni) to iron (Fe) is 1:(0.8~1.2).

3. The highly stable water electrolysis catalyst as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mass of the quaternary alloy is 55-60% of the mass of the carbon cloth.

4. A method for preparing a highly stable water electrolysis catalyst as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Add nickel source, iron source, gallium source, platinum source and carbon cloth to the dispersion, disperse and impregnate, so that nickel source, iron source, gallium source and platinum source are adsorbed onto carbon cloth to obtain adsorbed carbon cloth. S2. After drying the adsorbed carbon cloth, reduce it at 600~800℃ to obtain the highly stable water electrolysis catalyst.

5. The method for preparing the highly stable water electrolysis catalyst as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In S1, the iron source is one or more of nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, and nickel sulfate; Alternatively, the iron source may be one or more of ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, and ferric sulfate; Alternatively, the gallium source may be one or more of gallium nitrate, gallium chloride, and gallium sulfate; Alternatively, the platinum source may be one or more of chloroplatinic acid, potassium chloroplatinate, and platinum acetylacetonate.

6. The method for preparing the highly stable water electrolysis catalyst as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In S1, the carbon cloth undergoes pretreatment, and the pretreatment method includes: immersing the carbon cloth in a mixed solution of acetone and ethanol, vacuum drying it, then immersing it in a sulfuric acid solution, washing it with water until neutral, and then vacuum drying it. Alternatively, in S1, the dispersant of the dispersion is one or more of water, ethanol, and isopropanol; Alternatively, in S1, the dispersion method includes: ultrasonic dispersion for 10-30 minutes; Alternatively, in S1, the immersion time is 10-15 hours.

7. The method for preparing the highly stable water electrolysis catalyst as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The concentrations of each component in the dispersion are as follows: nickel source 50~55 mmol / L, iron source 50~55 mmol / L, gallium source 25~30 mmol / L, and platinum source 5~10 mmol / L.

8. The method for preparing the highly stable water electrolysis catalyst as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In S2, the drying method includes: drying at 80~120℃ for 10~15 hours; Alternatively, in S2, the reduction method includes: reduction in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture for 1-5 hours; Alternatively, in the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture, the volume fraction of hydrogen is 10-20%.

9. The application of a highly stable water electrolysis catalyst as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: Applications in the OER or HER reaction during catalytic water electrolysis under alkaline conditions.

10. The application of the highly stable water electrolysis catalyst as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The alkaline conditions refer to a KOH concentration of 1~1.5M.

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