Method and special equipment for sampling and collecting shrub penetrating rain in arid region

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and special equipment for sampling and collecting penetrating rain of shrubs in an arid region, and relates to the technical field of sampling and collecting of penetrating rain. The special equipment comprises a support, a detachable soil sampling barrel, a water funnel and a water tank are integrated on the support, and the soil sampling barrel is controlled by a solenoid and a hand wheel to vertically move and is adaptive to soil sampling; the angle of the water channel can be adjusted, and the water channel can be matched with a water channel tank, so that fixed-point and regional rainwater can be synchronously collected; positioning piles are arranged at the bottom of the bracket to guarantee stability. The sampling method comprises the steps of standardized sampling point selection, equipment layout, process monitoring, soil sampling after raining and sample treatment. Integrated synchronous sampling of multi-dimensional samples is achieved, the problems that a traditional split type instrument is complex in operation and poor in stability are solved, the time-space relevance and data accuracy of the samples are guaranteed through a standardized process, the device adapts to the special habitat of the arid region, the field working efficiency and sampling reliability are improved, and the device is suitable for arid region shrub hydrology and soil science research.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of penetrating rain sampling and collecting, in particular to a method for sampling and collecting penetrating rain of shrubs in arid regions and a special device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field investigation of forest hydrology and soil science, physical sampling of shrub penetrating rain and its subsequent effects is the basis for indoor quantitative and qualitative analysis. The special habitat in arid regions brings unique challenges to sampling work: the existing technology relies on multiple split-type appliances, which need to be carried, transported and scattered separately. Not only is the operation cumbersome and the field work inefficient, but it is also difficult to achieve synchronous and co-located sampling of the same shrub ecological unit, which destroys the temporal and spatial correlation of the canopy, penetrating rain and soil. At the same time, factors such as strong winds and uneven terrain in arid regions can easily cause traditional simple sampling appliances to tilt and fall, and there is a lack of standardized sample point selection and layout specifications, making it difficult to ensure the level and consistency of the sampling surface, which in turn leads to sample loss, data deviation and other problems, seriously affecting the accuracy and integrity of the monitoring results. In addition, the traditional method does not fully adapt to the precise monitoring of sampling points in arid regions, and cannot meet the fine needs of arid shrub hydrological process research.

[0003] Currently, to achieve comprehensive sampling of such ecological processes relies on multiple single-function split-type appliances. Specifically, in research practice, three main types of appliances are usually needed to be placed together: long strip-shaped rain gutters for collecting penetrating rainwater samples in a specific linear area, cylindrical rain gutters for fixed-point water sampling at discrete points under the canopy, and cylindrical soil collection gutters for synchronous sampling of soil solution or undisturbed soil at the corresponding points.

[0004] This sampling mode relying on multiple types of split-type appliances faces serious challenges in field work. First, from the perspective of sampling methods, long strip-shaped rain gutters, cylindrical rain gutters and soil collection gutters are independent appliances that need to be carried, transported and scattered by researchers in the field. This process not only makes it extremely inconvenient to carry, transport and set up in the field, but also makes it difficult to achieve synchronous and co-located sampling of the same shrub ecological functional unit due to the separation of various appliances in physical space, thus destroying the temporal and spatial correlation between samples.

[0005] In addition, in a complex forest environment, the stability and standardization of the sampling device are also severely tested. Especially in the typical shrub habitat with uneven terrain and dense vegetation, it is very difficult to ensure that each collection surface remains horizontal, uniform in orientation and not easily disturbed by external forces in actual operation. Common situations include tilting of the collection cylinder due to wind action, especially under high wind conditions. The simple structure of the sampling device, which is mostly composed of a funnel and a PVC pipe, is prone to tilting or even falling due to its high overall center of gravity and insufficient structural strength, thereby interrupting the sampling process or causing sample loss, affecting the integrity and accuracy of the data. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method and special equipment for sampling and collecting rainwater penetrating shrubs in arid regions to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: A special device for sampling and collecting rainwater penetrating shrubs in arid regions, comprising a support, the support is integrated with a detachable soil sampling cylinder and a water funnel, which correspond to the collection of soil after penetrating rain and fixed-point rainwater respectively, thereby realizing the overall collection of rainwater penetrating shrubs. The soil sampling cylinder is arranged below the support, the upper end of the soil sampling cylinder is threadedly connected to the lower end of an inner pipe and is internally communicated, the inner pipe is externally sleeved with a screw pipe, the screw pipe is threadedly connected to the support at the middle part, the screw pipe drives the soil sampling cylinder to move in the vertical direction, the upper end of the screw pipe is fixedly connected with a hand wheel, the upper end of the inner pipe is inserted into the neck part of the soil funnel, and the soil funnel is communicated with the inner pipe. A plurality of water funnels are arranged above the support, and the lower end of the water funnel is communicated with a fixed-point water collecting tank. At least one positioning pile is fixedly connected below the support, and the positioning pile is used for inserting into the ground to stabilize the support.

[0008] Preferably, the soil sampling cylinder is threadedly connected with a cylinder cover, the cylinder cover is fixedly connected to the lower end of the inner pipe and is communicated with the inner pipe, the inner diameter of the soil funnel is consistent with that of the soil sampling cylinder, so that rainwater corresponding to the area can fall into the soil in the soil sampling cylinder, and the accuracy of the measurement result is ensured.

[0009] Preferably, the fixed-point water collecting tank is threadedly connected with a tank cover, the tank cover is communicated with a water pipe, the upper end of the water pipe is inserted into the neck part of the water funnel, and the middle part of the water pipe is fixedly connected to the support.

[0010] Preferably, the support is further integrated with a detachable water tank for collecting regional rainwater, a water tank tank is detachably installed below the water tank, one end of the water tank is hingedly connected to the support, and the side of the water tank away from the hinged point is connected to the support through a water tank support rod, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the included angle between the water tank and the support.

[0011] Preferably, one end of the water tank is hinged to a water tank support rod, the other end of the water tank support rod is slidably and hingedly arranged in a support rod groove arranged on the side of the support, and the water tank support rod can be completely retracted into the support.

[0012] A method for collecting rainwater samples penetrating shrubs in arid regions, comprising the following steps: Step one, sampling point selection; according to the distribution characteristics of shrubs in arid regions, select shrub plants with complete crown layer and no obvious shelter, avoid low-lying water, strong wind outlet and frequent human disturbance area, and ensure the representativeness of sample points; 4-8 sets of equipment are uniformly arranged around the crown layer projection edge of single shrub, and the clump shrub is arranged in a ring shape; Step two, layout of sampling equipment; according to the selected sampling point in step one, the sampling equipment is carried to the sample point, the positioning stake at the bottom of the sampling equipment is vertically inserted into the soil in arid regions, the insertion depth of the positioning stake is adjusted according to the terrain to ensure that the support is stable and horizontal, and sampling deviation caused by uneven ground is avoided; the cleaned fixed-point water collector is installed; Step three, according to the distribution characteristics of the sampling point and the shrub, the rainwater assembly of the collection area is arranged, and the included angle between the rainwater assembly of the collection area and the support is adjusted to adapt to the projection range of the crown layer; Step four, sampling process monitoring; during rainfall, the equipment state is regularly checked, and the water leakage funnel, wind sand, fallen leaves and other sundries in the water tank are cleaned in time to avoid blocking the water flow channel; the stability of the support is checked, and the equipment is prevented from being tilted or falling down due to external force such as strong wind; key information is recorded, including the start and end time of rainfall, rainfall, shrub species, sample point terrain characteristics and equipment layout position, to ensure the space-time correlation of the sample; Step five, soil sampling after rain; the soil sampling cylinder is vertically inserted into the soil at a predetermined depth, the upper edge of the soil sampling cylinder is kept parallel to the ground surface, and the corresponding area of rainwater is accurately dropped into the soil area covered by the soil sampling cylinder; the soil sampling cylinder is pulled out to separate from the soil, and the soil sampling cylinder is removed and sealed to keep the original soil and soil solution in the cylinder; Step six, subsequent sample treatment; the sample is taken back to the laboratory as soon as possible, the soil sample is analyzed according to the relevant standards for moisture content, nutrient content and other indicators, and the water sample is detected for water quality composition, pollutant content and the like.

[0013] Preferably, in step one, the sampling point is arranged in the 2 / 3 area of the crown layer projection area, away from the edge of the crown layer and far away from the base of the trunk.

[0014] Preferably, in step one, the terrain condition is selected in the gentle area with a slope of ≤15°, avoiding steep slope, low-lying water or convex slope top; the soil type of the sample point needs to be consistent with the dominant soil type of the sample site, and there is no obvious stone accumulation on the soil surface and the thickness of the fallen branch and leaf layer is uniform, to ensure the comparability of the soil sample.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that: The present application realizes the double synergy of the method and the device, greatly improves the sampling efficiency: the present application integrates the soil sampling cylinder, the fixed-point water collecting tank and the regional water collecting tank in the same support, cooperates with the standardized sampling method, and only needs to be laid once to simultaneously complete the multi-dimensional sampling of regional rainwater, fixed-point rainwater, soil and soil solution, solves the disadvantages of the traditional split type appliance, such as inconvenience to carry and step-by-step installation, simplifies the operation process, and significantly improves the field work efficiency in arid areas.

[0016] By defining the quantitative standard of sample point selection: 2 / 3 core area of canopy projection, gentle terrain with slope ≤15°, away from interference source, etc., combined with the stable fixing effect of the positioning pile, the sampling surface always maintains a horizontal standard posture, reduces the error caused by uneven ground and edge effect; all sampling units are based on the same rigid support, which ensures that different samples are derived from the same space-time clear correlation point, and provides reliable data support for building a complete hydrological-soil response chain.

[0017] The anti-interference ability and data integrity of the sampling system in the field are enhanced. The present application cooperates with the positioning pile through the overall structure design, so that the sampling platform can be fixed on the ground, which significantly improves the wind resistance and stability of the sampling platform in the field environment. Thus, the problems of tilting and falling of the sampling appliance caused by external interference such as strong wind and bird collision are effectively avoided, thereby ensuring the continuity of the sampling process and the integrity of the collected samples, reducing the data deviation caused by sample loss, and improving the accuracy and reliability of the field monitoring data.

[0018] The components of the device are designed to be detachable, the angle of the water tank can be flexibly adjusted through the support rod, and it is suitable for different canopy projection ranges; after sampling, the components can be quickly detached, sorted and arranged, which is convenient for transportation and repeated use, and reduces the labor and material costs of field sampling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the special device of the present application in the use state under shrubs; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sampling penetrating rain part assembly of the special device of the present application; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the special device of the present application; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the special device of the present application from another angle; Figure 5 It is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the special device of the present application; Figure 6 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the special device of the present application; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the slide groove of the present application; Figure 8 Structure diagram of the pin of the present application; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the present application in the use state of the bushy plant; Figure 10 Method step diagram proposed by the present application; Figure 11 Reference standard diagram for selecting sampling points of the method proposed by the present application.

[0020] In the figure: 1, support, 101, positioning pile, 2, soil taking cylinder, 201, cylinder cover, 202, inner tube, 203, screw pipe, 204, hand wheel, 205, soil funnel, 3, fixed-point water collecting tank, 301, tank cover, 302, water pipe, 303, water funnel, 4, water tank, 401, water tank tank, 402, water tank support, 403, support groove, 404, pin, 405, sliding sheet, 406, sliding sheet groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] The present application provides a special device for collecting rain samples of shrubs in arid areas. To solve the problem of dependence on various types of sampling mode of split type devices and the problem of insufficient resistance to wind, the present application provides a technical solution to realize high integration and synchronous sampling, integrate the sampling functions of fixed-point rainwater and soil into one, greatly simplify the operation process, reduce the sampling error caused by uneven ground, avoid the problems of tilting and dumping of the sampling device caused by external interference such as strong wind and bird collision, improve the field work efficiency, and adopt a detachable fixed-point water collecting tank, soil taking cylinder and water tank which can be easily taken out for inspection after single sampling. Please refer to Figures 1-2The utility model provides a special device for arid region shrub penetrating rain sampling collection, including support 1, integrated installation soil taking cylinder 2, fixed point water collecting tank 3 on support 1, the collection of soil, fixed point rainwater in turn corresponding to the rain after penetrating, to realize the all -round collection of shrub penetrating rainwater, support 1 can detachably connect fixed point water collecting tank 3 and soil taking cylinder 2, support 1 is fixedly connected with at least one positioning pile 101 below, and positioning pile 101 can be inserted into the land.According to need, a plurality of supports 1 can be arranged below each shrub to carry out sampling at different positions, and each support 1 comprises at least one soil taking cylinder 2 and one fixed point water collecting tank 3, of course, a plurality of fixed point water collecting tanks 3 can be arranged simultaneously when manufacturing to match different needs, and a trunk runoff device can be additionally arranged on the trunk, and the trunk runoff device adopts prior art.When arranging, the angle of support 1 is adjusted by positioning pile 101 to ensure that the collection of penetrating rain can not be influenced by whether the land topography is flat or not.After installing support 1, soil funnel 205, water funnel 303, fixed point water collecting tank 3 and soil taking cylinder 2 are installed in the corresponding position to ensure the collection of rainwater, and soil taking cylinder 2 is pressed down and inserted into the soil.After that, waiting for rainfall can complete sampling.When rainfall is finished, fixed point water collecting tank 3 and soil taking cylinder 2 are taken away and sent to the laboratory for inspection. Figure 1 As shown in the state of use under the forest, the position of fixed point water collecting tank 3 should be paid attention to when collecting penetrating rainwater, and should be placed in the four corners of southeast, southwest and northwest respectively to ensure the overall integrity of sampling.According to the terrain and the environment of collection, the integrated use between supports 1 can also be carried out, that is, the integrated fixed whole of each support is integrated to improve the firmness of installation.

[0023] For the convenience of collecting soil sample, the soil sampling cylinder 2 is arranged below the support 1 and can be inserted into the soil, the soil sampling cylinder 2 is connected with the soil funnel 205, the soil funnel 205 has the same inner diameter as the soil sampling cylinder 2, so that the rainwater of the corresponding area can fall into the soil in the soil sampling cylinder 2, and the accuracy of the measurement result is ensured; the soil sampling cylinder 2 is screw-connected with the cylinder cover 201, the cylinder cover 201 is connected with the lower end of the inner tube 202, the upper end of the inner tube 202 is inserted into the neck of the soil funnel 205, the inner tube 202 is sleeved with the screw pipe 203, the screw pipe 203 can drive the inner tube 202 to move vertically, the screw pipe 203 is screw-connected with the support 1, and the upper end of the screw pipe 203 is fixedly connected with the hand wheel 204. The inner tube 202 and the screw pipe 203 are provided with bearings. The inner tube 202 and the screw pipe 203 are limited by the groove block and the like to ensure that the screw pipe 203 can always drive the inner tube 202 to move up and down, and whether the inner tube 202 rotates or not is not specially limited, the inner tube 202 can rotate or not rotate with the screw pipe 203. During use, the hand wheel 204 is rotated, the screw pipe 203 is driven to rotate by the hand wheel 204, the screw pipe 203 is driven to move downward through the screw thread thereon, the inner tube 202 is driven to move downward by the screw pipe 203, the cylinder cover 201 and the soil funnel 205 are driven to move downward by the inner tube 202, and the soil sampling cylinder 2 is inserted into the soil by the cylinder cover 201. After the sampling is completed, the soil sampling cylinder 2 is screw-disconnected, dug out and taken away, and the screw pipe 203 is reversed by reversing the hand wheel 204.

[0024] For the convenience of collecting water sample at a fixed point, the fixed-point water collecting tank 3 is screw-connected with the tank cover 301, the tank cover 301 is connected with the water pipe 302, the upper end of the water pipe 302 is inserted into the neck of the water funnel 303, and the middle part of the water pipe 302 is fixedly connected to the support 1. After the collection is completed, the fixed-point water collecting tank 3 is screwed off and taken away.

[0025] Please refer to Figures 3-8, according to the collected needs also need to match the water tank 4, in order to facilitate the area to collect water sample, water tank 4 under the threaded connection water tank 401. Water tank 4 one end with the bracket 1 hinged, so that the water tank 4 can adjust with the bracket 1 included angle, in order to adjust the collection position of the penetrating rain. Water tank 4 side hinged water tank support rod 402 one end, the other end of water tank support rod 402 slide and hinge in the support rod groove 403, support rod groove 403 is arranged in the side of the bracket 1, water tank support rod 402 can be completely retracted in the bracket 1. Water tank support rod 402 end of pin 404, the upper and lower ends of pin 404 fixedly connected with slide 405, slide 405 in slide groove 406 slide, slide groove 406 is arranged in the upper and lower sides of the support rod groove 403, slide 405 diameter is greater than pin 404. When not needed, remove the bracket 1 and water tank 4 hinged position, water tank 4 and water tank support rod 402 hinged position of the pin can be removed and the water tank 4, and the water tank support rod 402 is pushed back in the support rod groove 403 good. When needed, according to the needs of the adjustment of the water tank 4 and the bracket 1 included angle, to ensure collection. Pull the water tank 4, water tank 4 drive water tank support rod 402 one end, the other end of water tank support rod 402 in the support rod groove 403 slide. Water tank 4 can be completely with the bracket 1, at this time the water tank support rod 402 is completely retracted in the support rod groove 403 of the bracket 1, when the collection is completed, in order to ensure that the position of the water tank 4 can be fixed, water tank support rod 402 and support rod groove 403 can be used in the way of friction greater slide limit, or the friction between the slide 405 and the slide groove 406 is greater, or other ways to achieve limiting. In order to ensure that the rainwater is concentrated into the water tank 401, the bottom surface of the water tank 4 can be provided with inclined surface to the water tank 401 direction.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 9 , the device can also be set under the bush type plants for penetrating rain collection, because the bush type plants less shielding, so it will increase the area of penetrating rain collection, that is, the water tank 4 is installed in the state, and a plurality of water tanks 4 are arranged around the bush type plants.

[0027] The present application provides a kind of for arid zone shrub penetrating rain sampling collection method, as shown in Figure 10 , comprising the following steps: Step one, sampling point selection;According to the distribution characteristics of arid zone shrub, select crown layer complete, no obvious shelter shrub, avoid low-lying water, strong wind and human interference frequent area, to ensure that sample point is representative;Single shrub around crown layer projection edge evenly distributes 4-8 sets of equipment, and the bush type shrub is arranged in a ring shape around. Healthy plants with medium growth conditions, complete canopy and no obvious pests and diseases are preferred in the dominant shrub population in arid areas. Avoid selecting young plants, dead plants or individuals with damaged canopy; the diameter at breast height of single shrub should meet the average level of the species in the region, the crown size is uniform (the ratio of long diameter to short diameter is ≤1.2), and the process of throughfall formation is representative of the population.

[0028] As Figure 11 , the sampling points should be arranged in the 2 / 3 area of the canopy projection area, avoiding the edge of the canopy, and the distance from the edge should be ≥0.5m. If the distance is less than 0.5m, the small crown width plant should be taken from the central area. This area is the core area of the most uniform throughfall distribution, which can avoid the sampling deviation caused by edge effect. At the same time, it is far away from the base of the trunk, and the distance is controlled at 1.5-2 times the radius of the crown width, to prevent the trunk runoff from mixing into the throughfall sample and destroying the causal relationship of canopy-throughfall-soil.

[0029] The terrain condition should be selected in the gentle area with slope ≤15°, avoiding steep slope, low-lying water or convex slope top. Such areas are prone to rainwater convergence or loss, resulting in uneven distribution of soil moisture and throughfall; the soil type of sample point should be consistent with the dominant soil type of the sample site, and there should be no obvious stone accumulation on the surface of the soil, and the thickness of the litter layer should be uniform, with thickness ≤3cm. If the thickness is too thick, the surface litter should be cleaned to ensure the comparability of the soil sample.

[0030] Avoid strong wind outlets such as forest edge open space, valley wind outlet and other strong wind outlets, as well as areas with frequent human activities and areas with dense animal activities; the distance from the surrounding tall vegetation should be ≥2 times the tree height to prevent other vegetation from blocking or interfering with the formation of throughfall; away from the surface runoff channel to avoid the mixing of external water flow into the sampling system.

[0031] Step two, layout of sampling equipment; according to the selected sampling points in step one, the sampling equipment is transported to the sample point, and the integrity of the support, positioning pile, soil sampling cylinder, water funnel, fixed-point water collection tank, water tank and water tank support and other detachable parts is checked to ensure that the threaded connection and hinged structure are flexible, the inner diameter of the soil funnel and the soil sampling cylinder is consistent, and there is no damage and leakage. The positioning pile at the bottom of the sampling equipment is vertically inserted into the arid area soil, and the insertion depth of the positioning pile is adjusted according to the terrain to ensure that the support is stable and horizontal, and to avoid sampling deviation caused by uneven ground; install the cleaned fixed-point water collection tank: connect the fixed-point water collection tank with the water pipe through the tank cover, insert the upper end of the water pipe into the neck of the water funnel, and fix the middle part of the water pipe on the support to ensure that the water funnel is consistent and has no inclination. Multiple water funnels are evenly distributed above the support, covering the discrete points below the canopy; Three to five repeated sampling points should be set in a single sample plot, with a distance of ≥5m between the sampling points, and evenly distributed in the sample plot to avoid spatial heterogeneity deviation caused by the concentration of sampling points; for clump shrubs, the sampling points should be arranged in a ring around the edge of the shrub community 1-2m inward to ensure that the throughfall influence range of different plants in the community is covered.

[0032] Step three, according to the point and shrub distribution characteristics, the collection area rainwater assembly is arranged, and the included angle between the collection area rainwater assembly and the support is adjusted to adapt to the crown projection range; one end of the water tank is hinged to the support, the water tank support rod is pulled to make the sliding plate slide in the sliding plate groove, the included angle between the water tank and the support is adjusted to adapt to the crown projection range, after the water tank support rod is fixed, it is ensured that the bottom surface of the water tank is slightly inclined to the water tank tank direction, and then the water tank tank is detachably installed below the water tank.

[0033] Step four, sample process monitoring; during rainfall, the equipment state is regularly patrolled, and sundries such as wind sand and fallen leaves in the water funnel and the water tank are cleaned in time to avoid blocking the water flow channel; the stability of the support is mainly checked to prevent external forces such as strong winds from causing the equipment to be tilted and overturned; key information including the start and end time of rainfall, rainfall, shrub species, sample point topographic features and equipment arrangement position is recorded to ensure the space-time correlation of the sample; Step five, soil sampling after rain; the soil sampling tube is vertically inserted into the soil at a preset depth, it is ensured that the upper edge of the soil sampling tube is parallel to the ground surface, and it is ensured that the rainwater of the corresponding area accurately falls into the soil area covered by the soil sampling tube; the sampling steps are as follows: the hand wheel is rotated to drive the screw pipe to move downward, the soil sampling tube is vertically inserted into the soil at a preset depth, it is ensured that the cylinder cover is closely communicated with the inner tube and the soil funnel, the upper edge of the soil funnel is parallel to the ground surface, and it is ensured that the rainwater of the corresponding area accurately falls into the soil area covered by the soil sampling tube; the hand wheel is reversely rotated, the soil sampling tube is pulled out, the soil sampling tube is separated from the soil, the soil sampling tube is detached and sealed, and the original soil and soil solution in the cylinder are reserved.

[0034] After the soil sampling is completed, the water tank support rod is retracted into the support rod groove, the water tank is detached, and then the water funnel, the soil funnel and other assemblies are sequentially detached, all the parts are classified and arranged, transportation and reuse are facilitated, the equipment is cleaned and dried, then it is properly stored, the part wear is checked, damaged parts are replaced in time, and the accuracy of next sampling is ensured.

[0035] Step six, subsequent sample processing; the sample is taken back to the laboratory as soon as possible, the soil sample is analyzed according to relevant standards in terms of water content, nutrient content and the like, and the water sample is detected in terms of water quality composition, pollutant content and the like.

[0036] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A specialized device for collecting shrub penetration rain samples in arid areas, characterized in that: Includes a support (1), on which a detachable soil sampling tube (2) and a water funnel (303) are integrated, which are used to collect soil and rainwater from the shrubs after the rain, thereby achieving comprehensive collection of rainwater from the shrubs. The soil sampling cylinder (2) is set below the support (1). Its upper end is threaded to the lower end of the inner tube (202) and the inside is connected. The inner tube (202) is covered with a spiral tube (203). The middle part of the spiral tube (203) is threaded to the support (1). The spiral tube (203) drives the soil sampling cylinder (2) to move vertically, so that the soil sampling cylinder (2) is inserted into the soil. A handwheel (204) is fixed at the upper end of the spiral tube (203). The upper end of the inner tube (202) is inserted into the neck of the soil funnel (205). The soil funnel (205) is connected to the inner tube (202). Multiple water funnels (303) are provided above the support (1), and the lower end of the water funnels (303) is connected to the fixed-point water collection tank (3). At least one positioning pile (101) is fixedly connected to the support (1) below, and the positioning pile (101) is used to insert into the soil to stabilize the support (1).

2. The specialized equipment for collecting shrub penetration rain samples in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil sampling cylinder (2) is threadedly connected to the cylinder cover (201), and the cylinder cover (201) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the inner tube (202) and communicates with the inner tube (202). The soil funnel (205) has the same inner diameter as the soil sampling cylinder (2), so that rainwater of the corresponding area can fall into the soil in the soil sampling cylinder (2) to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results.

3. A specialized device for collecting shrub penetration rain samples in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed-point water collection tank (3) is threadedly connected to the tank cover (301), the tank cover (301) is connected to the water pipe (302), the upper end of the water pipe (302) is inserted into the neck of the water funnel (303), and the middle part of the water pipe (302) is fixedly connected to the bracket (1).

4. A specialized device for collecting shrub penetration rain samples in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bracket (1) also integrates a detachable water tank (4) for collecting rainwater in the area. A water tank (401) can be detachably installed under the water tank (4). One end of the water tank (4) is hinged to the bracket (1). The side of the water tank (4) away from the hinge point is connected to the bracket (1) through a water tank support rod (402) to facilitate adjustment of the angle between the water tank (4) and the bracket (1).

5. A specialized device for collecting shrub penetration rain samples in arid areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the water tank support rod (402) is hinged to one side of the water tank (4), and the other end of the water tank support rod (402) slides and is hinged in the support rod groove (403). The support rod groove (403) is set on the side of the bracket (1), and the water tank support rod (402) can be completely retracted into the bracket (1).

6. A method for collecting shrub penetration rain samples in arid areas according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Sampling point selection: Based on the distribution characteristics of shrubs in arid areas, select shrubs with intact canopies and no obvious obstructions, avoiding low-lying waterlogged areas, strong wind gaps, and areas frequently disturbed by humans to ensure that the sampling points are representative; 4-8 sets of equipment are evenly distributed around the edge of the canopy projection of a single shrub, and clump-forming shrubs are arranged in a ring around it. Step 2: Deploy the sampling equipment; Based on the sampling points selected in Step 1, transport the sampling equipment to the sampling points, vertically insert the positioning stakes at the bottom of the sampling equipment into the arid soil, adjust the insertion depth of the positioning stakes according to the terrain, ensure that the support is horizontal and stable, and avoid sampling deviation due to uneven ground; install the cleaned fixed-point water collection tank. Step 3: Based on the characteristics of the points of application and the distribution of shrubs, set up rainwater collection components in the collection area and adjust the angle between the rainwater collection components and the support to adapt to the canopy projection range. Step 4: Monitoring the sampling process; During rainfall, regularly inspect the equipment status, promptly clean up sand, fallen leaves, and other debris in the water funnels and troughs to avoid clogging the water flow channels; focus on checking the stability of the support frame to prevent the equipment from tilting or tipping over due to external forces such as strong winds; record key sampling information, including the start and end times of rainfall, rainfall amount, shrub type, topographic features of the sampling points, and equipment deployment location to ensure the spatiotemporal correlation of the samples; Step 5: Soil sampling after rain; Insert the soil sampling tube vertically into the soil to the preset depth, ensuring that the upper edge of the sampling tube is parallel to the ground surface, so that the rainwater in the corresponding area falls accurately into the soil area covered by the sampling tube; Pull out the sampling tube to remove it from the soil, remove the sampling tube and seal it, retaining the original soil and soil solution inside the tube. Step 6, subsequent sample processing: Bring the samples back to the laboratory as soon as possible. Soil samples are analyzed according to relevant standards for indicators such as water content and nutrient content, while water samples are tested for water quality components and pollutant content.

7. A method for collecting shrub penetration rain samples in arid areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step one, sampling points should be placed in an area covering 2 / 3 of the canopy projection area, avoiding the edge of the canopy and away from the base of the trunk.

8. A method for collecting shrub penetration rain in arid areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step one, the terrain conditions should be selected in a gentle area with a slope of ≤15°, avoiding steep slopes, low-lying waterlogged areas or the top of convex slopes; the soil type of the sampling point should be consistent with the dominant soil type of the sampling plot, and there should be no obvious accumulation of stones on the soil surface and the thickness of the dead branches and fallen leaves should be uniform to ensure the comparability of soil samples.

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