Lightweight monitoring device based on MEMS electric field sensor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of overhead line and substation voltage measurement, and particularly relates to a lightweight monitoring device based on an MEMS electric field sensor, which comprises an equipotential shielding shell, a sensing unit, an analysis processing unit and a power supply unit, the equipotential shielding shell is made of a high-conductivity material and is provided with a mounting hole through which a to-be-tested overhead conductor penetrates, so that the equipotential shielding shell and the to-be-tested overhead conductor are coaxially arranged; the sensing unit comprises an MEMS electric field sensor for measuring the electric field intensity of the overhead conductor to be measured; the analysis processing unit is used for receiving, processing and transmitting signals generated by the sensing unit; the power supply unit is used for supplying power to the sensing unit and the analysis processing unit. The monitoring device is small in size, convenient to install and high in electromagnetic coupling crosstalk resistance, high-precision online monitoring of the overhead line voltage can be achieved, the wide-area distributed long-term monitoring requirement is met, and the problems that a traditional device is limited in deployment and an existing non-intrusive device is insufficient in precision are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of voltage measurement technology for overhead lines and substations, and specifically relates to a lightweight monitoring device based on a MEMS electric field sensor. Background Technology

[0002] In power systems, accurate monitoring of line voltage is crucial for ensuring the safe, stable, and efficient operation of the power grid. Currently, voltage monitoring in the power grid mainly relies on electromagnetic voltage transformers (PTs) or capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs). Although these traditional devices are technologically mature, they are bulky, expensive, and complex to install. Furthermore, they require direct electrical connection to the high-voltage side during installation, resulting in extremely high insulation requirements. These drawbacks severely limit their distributed deployment over a wide area, making it difficult to comprehensively and accurately monitor electrical parameters in typical environments such as lines and substations, thus limiting fault identification and location capabilities.

[0003] In recent years, non-invasive measurement methods have become a research hotspot due to their higher safety and ease of deployment. These methods typically indirectly invert conductor voltage by measuring the electric field around the conductor, without requiring direct electrical connection to the high-voltage side. However, existing non-invasive devices still struggle to meet the needs of large-scale transmission line deployments, especially in complex scenarios where multiple lines share towers or AC / DC lines are erected in the same corridor. The complex electromagnetic coupling effects between conductors can severely interfere with the measurement signal, leading to increased voltage reconstruction errors in the inversion algorithm and failing to provide effective and reliable data support for the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an online voltage monitoring device that can overcome the above-mentioned defects, and is lightweight, highly accurate, has strong anti-interference capabilities, and is easy to deploy in a distributed manner. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightweight monitoring device based on MEMS electric field sensors to solve the problems of traditional voltage transformers being unable to be deployed in a lightweight and distributed manner, and existing non-invasive measurement devices being susceptible to interference and having insufficient measurement accuracy in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A lightweight monitoring device based on a MEMS electric field sensor includes an equipotential shielded shell and a sensing unit, an analysis and processing unit, and a power supply unit sequentially integrated inside the equipotential shielded shell.

[0008] The equipotential shielding shell is made of a high conductivity material. The equipotential shielding shell is provided with mounting holes for passing through the overhead conductor to be tested. The equipotential shielding shell includes an upper shell that is semi-cylindrical and a lower shell that is rectangular. The mounting holes are located on the central axis of the upper shell.

[0009] The sensing unit includes a MEMS electric field sensor, which is used to measure the electric field strength around the overhead conductor under test.

[0010] The analysis and processing unit is electrically connected to the sensing unit, and the analysis and processing unit is used to receive, process and transmit signals generated by the sensing unit.

[0011] The power supply unit is electrically connected to the sensing unit and the analysis and processing unit respectively, and is used to supply power to the sensing unit and the analysis and processing unit.

[0012] Preferably, the analysis and processing unit includes a signal conditioning circuit, a main control module, and a communication module; the signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the MEMS electric field sensor, and is used to amplify, filter, isolate, and linearize the signal sent by the MEMS electric field sensor; the main control module is used to sample, adjust, and perform voltage inversion calculation on the signal conditioned by the signal conditioning circuit; and the communication module is used to transmit the processed data to a remote monitoring terminal.

[0013] Preferably, the power supply unit includes a CT power acquisition module, a solar panel, and a power module; the CT power acquisition module is sleeved on the overhead conductor under test, and the CT power acquisition module can obtain electrical energy from the current of the overhead conductor under test through the principle of electromagnetic induction; the solar panel is set on the top outer side of the upper shell; the power module is electrically connected to the CT power acquisition module, the solar panel, the sensing unit, and the analysis and processing unit, and the power module is used to convert the electrical energy acquired by the CT power acquisition module and the solar panel, and output it to the sensing unit and the analysis and processing unit after forming a stable voltage or current.

[0014] To further reduce the measurement blind zone, cover the full-dimensional electric field, and improve the anti-interference capability and the accuracy and stability of voltage inversion in complex circuit environments, multiple MEMS sensors are provided. These multiple MEMS sensors are arranged at multiple points along the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the mounting hole, and are uniformly and symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the mounting hole as the center.

[0015] To reduce the impact of environmental factors on the measurement and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measurement data, the outer surface of the equipotential shielding shell is coated with a hydrophobic and antifouling coating.

[0016] To improve the mechanical strength, vibration resistance, and anti-interference capability of the monitoring device, the internal cavity of the equipotential shielding shell is filled with insulating material, and the sensing unit, analysis and processing unit, and power supply unit are embedded and fixed in the insulating material.

[0017] To improve the ease of installation and disassembly of the monitoring device, the upper and lower shells of the equipotential shielding shell are detachably connected using snap-fit ​​or threaded fasteners.

[0018] Preferably, the high conductivity material is one of silver, copper, aluminum, gold and their alloys, and the insulating material is one of epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone rubber.

[0019] Preferably, the power supply unit further includes a battery capable of storing redundant electrical energy for auxiliary power supply to the sensing unit and the analysis and processing unit. The battery is disposed inside the power module and electrically connected to the power module.

[0020] Preferably, the signal conditioning circuit, the main control module, and the communication module are linearly distributed inside the lower housing, and the communication module adopts wireless technology that supports bidirectional communication.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0022] 1. The monitoring device of this invention uses an equipotential shielded shell made of high conductivity material and coaxial with the overhead conductor under test. Based on the principle of electrostatic shielding, a pure measurement environment with near-zero electric field is created inside the monitoring device. This effectively suppresses electromagnetic coupling crosstalk in complex scenarios with multiple conductors and suppresses external structural discharge, fundamentally reducing measurement errors and providing a stable and reliable hardware foundation for accurate voltage inversion. Compared with existing non-intrusive devices, its anti-interference effect is improved by more than 50%. By filling the equipotential shielded shell with insulating material and setting a hydrophobic and anti-fouling coating on the outer surface, signal crosstalk of internal components is avoided, further improving the internal insulation strength and anti-electromagnetic interference performance. It also reduces the impact of rainwater and dust on the measurement environment, ensuring the long-term operational stability and data accuracy of the monitoring device under harsh conditions, and controlling the voltage inversion error to within 3%, which is far superior to existing non-intrusive devices.

[0023] 2. The monitoring device of the present invention has a compact overall structure and small size, with an overall weight controlled within 2kg and a volume only 1 / 10 of that of a traditional voltage transformer. It adopts a split structure with snap-fit ​​or threaded connection, which makes it easy to install, disassemble and maintain quickly in complex overhead lines and substation environments, greatly reducing deployment difficulty and time costs. Moreover, it does not require direct electrical connection with the high-voltage side, and the insulation process requirements are greatly reduced, meeting the deployment needs of smart grids for wide-area and distributed monitoring nodes, and making up for the shortcomings of traditional voltage transformers, such as large size, high cost and difficult installation.

[0024] 3. The monitoring device of the present invention adopts a composite power supply mode of CT induction power, solar power and battery assistance. It can intelligently switch between the three energy sources according to the actual working conditions, ensuring that the monitoring device can obtain a continuous and stable power supply under different weather conditions and line loads, realizing long-term, unattended online monitoring, avoiding data loss due to power supply problems. Compared with existing monitoring devices powered by a single battery or solar power, its endurance reliability is improved by more than 3 times. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a partial exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is an installation diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] Equipotential shielding shell 1, upper shell 11, lower shell 12, mounting hole 13, snap fastener 14, insulating material 15;

[0031] Sensing unit 2;

[0032] Analysis and processing unit 3, signal conditioning circuit 31, main control module 32, communication module 33;

[0033] Power supply unit 4, CT power extraction module 41, solar panel 42, power module 43, battery 44;

[0034] The overhead conductor to be tested is 5. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0036] Example

[0037] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a lightweight monitoring device based on a MEMS electric field sensor includes an equipotential shielded shell 1 and a sensing unit 2, an analysis and processing unit 3, and a power supply unit 4 sequentially integrated inside the equipotential shielded shell 1.

[0038] The equipotential shielding shell 1 is made of a high-conductivity material, such as silver, copper, aluminum, gold, or their alloys; for example... Figure 1-3As shown, the equipotential shielding shell 1 includes a detachably connected upper shell 11 and a lower shell 12. The upper shell 11 is semi-cylindrical, and the lower shell 12 is cuboid. A mounting hole 13 for mounting the overhead conductor 5 to be tested is provided along the central axis of the upper shell 11. Based on the principle of electrostatic shielding, the equipotential shielding shell 1 and the coaxially arranged overhead conductor 5 to be tested form an equipotential body, thereby making the electric field of the internal cavity formed by the two zero. This can not only effectively suppress the coupling crosstalk phenomenon of the external electromagnetic field, but also suppress the discharge of the external structure of the equipotential shielding shell 1, effectively reducing the measurement error.

[0039] The outer surface of the equipotential shielding shell 1 is coated with a hydrophobic and anti-fouling coating. The hydrophobic properties of the coating make it difficult for rainwater and other liquids to remain on the surface of the equipotential shielding shell 1, thereby reducing the impact on the surface electric field. The anti-fouling properties of the coating can effectively prevent dust, pollutants and other contaminants from adhering to the surface of the equipotential shielding shell 1, maintain the stability of its surface physical properties, and ensure its electrostatic shielding function and the relatively stable measurement environment of its internal sensing unit 2. This reduces the impact of environmental factors on the measurement and ensures the accuracy and reliability of the measurement data.

[0040] The connection method between the upper housing 11 and the lower housing 12 can be selected according to the actual application scenario and requirements. For example, when the monitoring device is used for short-term monitoring, the upper housing 11 and the lower housing 12 are connected by a snap-fit ​​14, so that the staff can quickly install and deploy the monitoring device and carry out subsequent recycling work, saving time and improving work efficiency. When the monitoring device is used for long-term monitoring, the upper housing 11 and the lower housing 12 can be connected by screws, which are more stable and reliable, to ensure that the measurement environment inside the equipotential shielded shell 1 is always in a stable state and improve measurement accuracy.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the interior of the upper housing 11 and the lower housing 12 is filled with insulating material 15. Depending on the actual needs, the insulating material 15 can be selected from epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone rubber. The aforementioned sensing unit 2, analysis and processing unit 3 and power supply unit 4 are all embedded and fixed inside the insulating material 15 to prevent displacement of the components during use of the monitoring device and to improve the mechanical strength, vibration resistance and anti-interference ability of the monitoring device.

[0042] The sensing unit 2 includes multiple MEMS electric field sensors for measuring the electric field strength around the overhead conductor 5 under test. The multiple MEMS electric field sensors are arranged at multiple points along the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the mounting hole 13, and the multiple MEMS sensors are uniformly and symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the mounting hole 13 as the center. By capturing electric field signals in different spatial dimensions through multiple MEMS electric field sensors, the blind zone of single-direction measurement is reduced. Furthermore, when there is slight electromagnetic interference in the external environment or the monitoring device undergoes slight displacement due to vibration or other factors, the symmetrically distributed MEMS electric field sensors can effectively reduce the impact of interference on the overall measurement through mutual verification and compensation of signals, thereby further improving the accuracy and stability of voltage inversion.

[0043] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the analysis and processing unit 3 includes a signal conditioning circuit 31, a main control module 32, and a communication module 33. The signal conditioning circuit 31, the communication module 33, and the main control module 32 are linearly and evenly distributed inside the lower housing 12 along the axial direction of the mounting hole 13. Furthermore, the analysis and processing unit 3 is positioned close to the sensing unit 2 to shorten the signal transmission path and further reduce the introduction of noise during signal transmission.

[0044] The signal conditioning circuit 31 is electrically connected to the MEMS electric field sensor. The signal conditioning circuit 31 is used to amplify, filter, isolate, and linearize the signal transmitted by the MEMS electric field sensor. Specifically, signal amplification involves using a suitable amplifier to linearly amplify the signal from the MEMS electric field sensor, increasing the signal amplitude to a suitable range for subsequent processing and transmission. Signal filtering involves suppressing low-frequency drift noise through a high-pass filter, and then using a band-pass filter to lock the effective signal frequency band, including the 50Hz power frequency and harmonics, while shielding against high-frequency electromagnetic interference, further improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Signal isolation involves using opto-isolation, transformer isolation, and other isolation methods to allow the signal to be transmitted only in a specific, interference-free manner, achieving electrical isolation between the sensing unit 2 and subsequent circuits, ensuring signal stability during transmission and the independence of each module's operation. Linearization compensation involves linearizing the output signal based on the inherent nonlinear output characteristics of the MEMS electric field sensor to correct the sensor's nonlinear response or environmental drift.

[0045] The main control module 32 is used to sample, adjust and perform voltage inversion calculations on the signal conditioned by the signal conditioning circuit 31.

[0046] The communication module 33 is used to transmit the processed data to the remote monitoring terminal. In this embodiment, the communication module 33 can adopt wireless communication technology, such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, 4G / 5G, etc. According to actual work requirements, the communication module 33 supports bidirectional communication and can receive control commands (such as parameter configuration, sampling frequency adjustment, etc.) issued by the terminal to realize remote management of the monitoring device. The terminal includes the server of the monitoring center, the mobile terminal device of the staff, etc., so that relevant personnel can obtain relevant data on the electric field and magnetic field of the overhead conductor 5 under test in a timely manner, and then perform line status analysis, fault judgment and subsequent operation and maintenance decision-making based on these data, thereby realizing remote and efficient monitoring and management of the overhead conductor 5 under test.

[0047] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the power supply unit 4 includes a CT power extraction module 41, a solar panel 42, and a power module 43. The CT power extraction module 41 is used to be mounted on the overhead conductor 5 under test to obtain electrical energy from the current of the overhead conductor 5 under test through the principle of electromagnetic induction. Multiple solar panels 42 are provided, and the multiple solar panels 42 are evenly distributed on the outer side of the upper shell 11. The power module 43 is electrically connected to the CT power extraction module 41, the solar panel 42, the sensing unit 2, and the analysis and processing unit 3. The power module 43 is used to convert the electrical energy obtained by the CT power extraction module 41 and the solar panel 42, and output it to the sensing unit 2 and the analysis and processing unit 3 after forming a stable voltage or current. The power supply unit 4 is directly electrically connected to each component (MEMS electric field sensing unit 2 signal conditioning circuit 31, communication module 33), ensuring the timeliness of power supply and avoiding data loss due to power supply delay.

[0048] When an alternating current flows through the overhead conductor 5 under test, an alternating magnetic field is generated around it. The core of the CT power-taking module 41 is a closed iron core (or magnetic core) with a secondary coil wound around it. When the CT power-taking module 41 is fixed on the overhead conductor 5 under test, the overhead conductor 5 under test is equivalent to the primary coil of the current transformer, passing through the center of the iron core and becoming the source of the magnetic field. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the changing magnetic field will generate an induced electromotive force in the secondary coil. The alternating current in the overhead conductor 5 under test generates an alternating magnetic field, which passes through the iron core and induces a secondary current or voltage in the secondary coil that is proportional to the primary current. The CT power-taking module 41 outputs induced electrical energy through the secondary coil and transmits it to the power supply module 43. After processing by the power supply module 43, it supplies power to the entire monitoring device. This process realizes the energy transfer from the high-voltage conductor to the low-voltage side, and there is no direct electrical connection between the two, ensuring the safety of power taking. It not only realizes non-contact safe power taking, but also adapts to the dynamic changes of the line current, providing continuous energy for the monitoring device.

[0049] After receiving the induced electrical energy transmitted by the CT power supply module 41, the power supply module 43 first converts it into unidirectional pulsating DC power through a rectifier circuit, then smooths the ripple through a filter circuit to reduce fluctuations, and then stabilizes the voltage at the rated value required by each component with the help of a voltage regulator chip, and finally outputs stable electrical energy to supply the core components such as the signal conditioning circuit 31 of the sensing unit 2 and the wireless communication module 33.

[0050] The solar panel 42 converts solar energy into unstable direct current. After the power is transmitted to the power module 43, it first undergoes maximum power point tracking by the MPPT controller to optimize energy capture. Then, it undergoes voltage conversion and preliminary voltage regulation through the DC-DC converter circuit, and finally outputs stable power to supply core components such as the signal conditioning circuit 31 of the sensing unit 2 and the wireless communication module 33.

[0051] The power module 43 integrates overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions. When the input power is abnormal (such as instantaneous high voltage), it can automatically cut off the output or limit the current to ensure circuit safety.

[0052] The power supply unit 4 also includes a battery 44 for auxiliary power supply. The battery 44 is located inside the power module 43 and is electrically connected to the power module 43. By placing the battery 44 inside the power module 43, it is not only easy to form a compact circuit connection with the power module 43, reducing the complexity of the internal wiring of the monitoring device, but also to make full use of the limited space inside the equipotential shielding shell 1, making the overall layout more balanced and easy to install and fix.

[0053] When the CT power module 41 has sufficient induced electrical energy and solar power, the power module 43 supplies power to the core components of the device and also replenishes the battery 44, storing excess energy to ensure that the battery 44 is always in a fully charged or nearly fully charged standby state. When the power is insufficient or interrupted, the battery 44 can quickly switch to the power supply state through the power module 43 to continuously provide power to the core components of the device (sensing unit 2, signal conditioning circuit 31, communication module 33, etc.), avoiding data loss or device shutdown due to power outage. This not only achieves efficient storage and utilization of electrical energy, but also ensures the stability and endurance of the power supply system through the intelligent charging and discharging control of the power module 43, further improving the reliability of the entire monitoring device under complex working conditions.

[0054] The installation and operation process of the monitoring device in this embodiment is as follows:

[0055] 1. Assemble the detection device: Embed the sensing unit 2 (MEMS electric field sensor), signal conditioning circuit 31, communication module 33, main control module 32, CT power supply module 41, and power supply module 43 into the insulating material 15, then put the insulating material 15 into the equipotential shielding shell 1, and connect the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 into a whole by the buckle 14 to complete the assembly of the monitoring device.

[0056] 2. Installation and Deployment: Open the equipotential shielding housing 1 using the snap-fit ​​14, place the overhead conductor 5 to be tested 5 into the mounting hole 13, and fix the CT power supply module 41 to the outside of the overhead conductor 5. Then close the equipotential shielding housing 1 using the snap-fit ​​14, ensuring that the equipotential shielding housing 1 and the overhead conductor 5 to be tested are coaxial (e.g., Figure 4 (as shown), and ensure stable inductive power supply to the CT power module;

[0057] 3. Start-up and Operation: The power supply unit 4 generates electrical energy by sensing the current of the overhead conductor 5 under test through the CT power extraction module 41, and the solar panel 42 collects solar energy simultaneously. The two work together to power the power module 43 and the auxiliary battery 44. At the same time, the power module 43 provides stable power to each unit. The MEMS electric field sensor collects the electric field signal around the overhead conductor 5 under test in real time and transmits it to the signal conditioning circuit 31 for amplification, filtering and isolation. The processed signal is processed by the main control module 32 and then transmitted to the terminal through the communication module 33. When the current of the overhead conductor 5 under test is insufficient or in rainy weather, the auxiliary battery 44 automatically switches to power supply to ensure the continuous operation of the monitoring device.

[0058] 4. Remote Management: The terminal can send control commands such as parameter configuration and sampling frequency adjustment to the main control module 32 through the communication module 33 to realize remote management of the monitoring device.

[0059] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A lightweight monitoring device based on a MEMS electric field sensor, comprising an equipotential shielded shell (1) and a sensing unit (2), an analysis and processing unit (3), and a power supply unit (4) sequentially integrated inside the equipotential shielded shell (1), characterized in that: The equipotential shielding shell (1) is made of a high conductivity material. The equipotential shielding shell (1) is provided with mounting holes (13) for passing through the overhead conductor (5) to be tested. The equipotential shielding shell includes an upper shell (11) in the shape of a semi-cylinder and a lower shell (12) in the shape of a cuboid. The mounting holes (13) are located on the central axis of the upper shell (11). The sensing unit (2) includes a MEMS electric field sensor, which is used to measure the electric field strength around the overhead conductor (5) to be tested. The analysis and processing unit (3) is electrically connected to the sensing unit (2), and the analysis and processing unit (3) is used to receive, process and transmit the signals generated by the sensing unit (2); The power supply unit (4) is electrically connected to the sensing unit (2) and the analysis and processing unit (3) respectively, and the power supply unit (4) is used to supply power to the sensing unit (2) and the analysis and processing unit (3).

2. The lightweight monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis and processing unit (3) includes a signal conditioning circuit (31), a main control module (32), and a communication module (33). The signal conditioning circuit (31) is electrically connected to the MEMS electric field sensor. The signal conditioning circuit (31) is used to amplify, filter, isolate, and linearize the signal sent by the MEMS electric field sensor. The main control module (32) is used to sample, adjust, and perform voltage inversion calculation on the signal conditioned by the signal conditioning circuit (31). The communication module (33) is used to transmit the processed data to the remote monitoring terminal.

3. The lightweight monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The power supply unit (4) includes a CT power acquisition module (41), a solar panel (42), and a power module (43). The CT power acquisition module (41) is sleeved on the overhead conductor (5) to be tested. The CT power acquisition module (41) can obtain electrical energy from the current of the overhead conductor (5) to be tested through the principle of electromagnetic induction. The solar panel (42) is set on the top outer side of the upper shell (11). The power module (43) is electrically connected to the CT power acquisition module (41), the solar panel (42), the sensing unit (2), and the analysis and processing unit (3). The power module (43) is used to convert the electrical energy obtained by the CT power acquisition module (41) and the solar panel (42) and output it to the sensing unit (2) and the analysis and processing unit (3) after forming a stable voltage or current.

4. The lightweight monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The MEMS sensor is provided in multiple ways. The multiple MEMS sensors are arranged at multiple points along the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the mounting hole (13), and the multiple MEMS sensors are uniformly and symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the mounting hole (13) as the center.

5. The lightweight monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer surface of the equipotential shielding shell (1) is coated with a hydrophobic and antifouling coating.

6. The lightweight monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The internal cavity of the equipotential shielding shell (1) is filled with insulating material (15), and the sensing unit (2), analysis and processing unit (3) and power supply unit (4) are embedded and fixed in the insulating material (15).

7. The lightweight monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper shell (11) and lower shell (12) of the equipotential shielding shell (1) are detachably connected by snap-fit ​​(14) or threaded connectors.

8. The lightweight monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high conductivity material is one of silver, copper, aluminum, gold and their alloys, and the insulating material (15) is one of epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone rubber.

9. The lightweight monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power supply unit (4) also includes a battery (44), which can store redundant electrical energy for auxiliary power supply to the sensing unit (2) and the analysis and processing unit (3). The battery (44) is located inside the power module (43) and is electrically connected to the power module (43).

10. The lightweight monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The signal conditioning circuit (31), the main control module (32) and the communication module (33) are linearly distributed inside the lower housing (12), and the communication module (33) adopts wireless technology that supports bidirectional communication.

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