A method and system for determining building energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent environmental conditions.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for verifying building energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent environmental conditions. Based on a three-dimensional building model, it calculates and obtains baseline energy data for the completed project. It then calculates the actual annual energy consumption and carbon emissions per unit area of ​​the building. This data is converted into corrected baseline values ​​for energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent operating conditions. Based on energy consumption correction methods corresponding to differences in actual operating conditions for different building types, it converts these values ​​into corrected actual energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent operating conditions. Finally, by comparing the corrected baseline values ​​with the corrected actual energy consumption and carbon emission baseline values ​​with the corrected actual carbon emissions, the actual operating energy consumption and carbon emission status of a single building or two buildings of the same type are verified. This invention can accurately determine a building's energy-saving potential and operating efficiency, and provides objective decision-making basis for improvement directions. The assessment and verification are scientific, reasonable, accurate, and reliable.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of building energy consumption and carbon emission verification, and particularly relates to a method and system for converting building energy consumption and carbon emission under equivalent environmental conditions. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous improvement of the demand for human settlement building environment, people's requirements for comfort, health and functionality are increasingly enhanced, which directly promotes the continuous growth of building energy demand. The widespread application of air conditioning systems, lighting devices, hot water supply and various electrical facilities makes the building consume a large amount of energy during operation.

[0003] However, with the continuous progress of science and technology, the energy conversion efficiency and control accuracy of building equipment have been significantly improved. The application of new high-efficiency refrigeration units, intelligent lighting systems, energy-saving electrical appliances and automated energy consumption management systems effectively reduces unit energy consumption. However, it is not easy to determine whether the energy consumption of a building is on the rise or decline. It is not only determined by a single factor such as equipment energy efficiency or total energy consumption, but also affected by many factors such as building function, use mode, indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, maintenance and management level. Even for the same public building, its energy consumption performance will be significantly different under different indoor physical environments and use conditions.

[0004] Therefore, in order to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the energy consumption level and energy-saving advantages and disadvantages of a single building or buildings of the same type during operation, it is necessary to standardize the operation data and convert the energy consumption of a single building or buildings of the same type under equivalent environmental conditions for comparative analysis. Only after considering the interference factors of physical environment difference and use condition difference, can the energy-saving potential, operation efficiency and improvement direction of the building be accurately determined. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method and system for converting building energy consumption and carbon emission under equivalent environmental conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] On the one hand, the present application provides a method for converting building energy consumption and carbon emission under equivalent environmental conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: calculating and obtaining building benchmark energy data of the project completion stage based on a three-dimensional building model, including building annual unit area energy consumption benchmark value and carbon emission benchmark value;

[0009] Step S2: Obtain the actual total energy consumption of the building for a complete year by using the energy bill, and calculate the actual energy consumption per unit area of the building and the actual carbon emissions per year;

[0010] Step S3: Convert the building annual unit area energy consumption benchmark value and carbon emission benchmark value into corrected energy consumption benchmark value and corrected carbon emission benchmark value under the same operating physical environment;

[0011] Step S4: Based on the energy consumption correction method corresponding to the difference in actual use conditions of different building types, convert the building annual unit area actual energy consumption and actual carbon emissions into corrected actual energy consumption and corrected actual carbon emissions under the same use condition;

[0012] Step S5: Based on the comparison between the corrected energy consumption benchmark value and the corrected actual energy consumption, and the comparison between the corrected carbon emission benchmark value and the corrected actual carbon emission, determine the actual operation energy consumption and carbon emission status of a single building or between two buildings of the same type.

[0013] Further, in step S1, the building energy consumption model is constructed according to the building as-built drawings by using the industry-accepted building energy consumption simulation software, including the following steps:

[0014] First, a three-dimensional building model is constructed from the building as-built drawings. The shape, size, orientation, internal space division and use function, building construction size, and insulation method of the three-dimensional building model are consistent with the as-built drawings.

[0015] Second, input the necessary building performance parameters for energy consumption calculation in the energy consumption simulation software, including the building envelope performance parameters, energy consumption equipment design parameters, indoor and outdoor design physical environment parameters, and design use conditions.

[0016] Further, the simulation calculation is performed to obtain the annual unit area energy consumption index of the building.

[0017] Among them, the building envelope performance parameters and energy consumption equipment design parameters include the thermal performance of the building envelope, the performance of heating and air conditioning equipment, lighting equipment, and renewable energy parameters, which are determined according to the on-site reinspection report or detection report.

[0018] The design use conditions include building occupancy rate, room function, number of elevators, and number of people using hot water, which are determined according to the design conditions on the building as-built drawings.

[0019] The indoor design physical environment parameters include temperature, relative humidity, fresh air volume of each room, and lighting power density, which are determined according to the standard conditions designed on the building as-built drawings.

[0020] Further, in step S3, the building annual unit area energy consumption standard condition value is simulated and calculated by using the three-dimensional building model. The required operating conditions at this time include building utilization rate, room function, number of elevators, and number of people using domestic hot water, which should be determined according to actual usage. The required indoor physical environment parameters at this time include temperature, relative humidity, fresh air volume of each room, and lighting power density, which should be determined according to the standard operating conditions designed on the building as-built drawings.

[0021] The actual physical environment of the building was obtained through on-site testing, including indoor temperature, relative humidity, fresh air volume, and lighting power density. This obtained physical environment was then imported into a 3D building model for further simulation, yielding a more accurate simulation value of the building's annual energy consumption per unit area. ;

[0022] Benchmark value for annual energy consumption per unit area of ​​buildings and carbon emission benchmark The energy consumption is adjusted and converted to a baseline value under the same operating physical environment, as follows:

[0023] ;

[0024] .

[0025] Furthermore, in step S4,

[0026] Obtain the building's design usage conditions through as-built drawings or refer to relevant standards to obtain standard usage conditions, including the total number of building users, the per capita building density of each functional room, annual usage time, and the proportion of guest room area.

[0027] The actual usage conditions of the building were obtained through on-site verification, including the actual total number of building users, the actual building density per capita in each functional room, the actual annual usage time, and the actual proportion of guest room area.

[0028] Energy consumption correction methods are applied to office buildings, school buildings, hotel buildings, shopping mall buildings, and hospital buildings based on the differences in actual usage conditions for different building types. The formula for the building energy consumption correction coefficient is expressed as follows:

[0029] ;

[0030] In the formula, Indicates the total correction factor; This represents a constant, and its value varies depending on the building type. This represents the proportion of the influence of the i-th factor affecting actual energy consumption; This represents the i-th factor affecting actual energy consumption, and its design or standard value. Let represent the actual value of the i-th factor affecting actual energy consumption.

[0031] Furthermore, energy consumption correction methods corresponding to the differences in actual usage conditions for office buildings, school buildings, hotel buildings, shopping mall buildings, and hospital buildings are applied separately, as follows:

[0032] (1) Office buildings;

[0033] The main factors affecting the energy consumption of office buildings include two types: usage time ( ), per capita building area ( ), Take 0.2, Take 0.6, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The formula is 0.2)

[0034] ;

[0035] (2) School buildings;

[0036] The main factors affecting the energy consumption of school buildings include two types: usage time ( ), number of guests ( ), Take 0.3, Take 0.3, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The formula is 0.4)

[0037] ;

[0038] (3) Hotel architecture;

[0039] The main factors affecting hotel building energy consumption include three types: occupancy rate ( ), the proportion of guest room area to total building area ( The proportion of the catering and banquet area to the total building area ( ), Take 0.2, Take 0.4, Take 0.2, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The value is set to 0.2)

[0040] ;

[0041] (4) Shopping mall building;

[0042] The main factors affecting the energy consumption of shopping mall buildings include two types: usage time ( ), the proportion of the dining area to the total building area ( ), Take 0.3, Take 0.5, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The formula is 0.2)

[0043] ;

[0044] (5) Hospital buildings;

[0045] The main factors affecting the energy consumption of hospital buildings include one: ward occupancy rate ( ), Take 0.8, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The formula is 0.2)

[0046] ;

[0047] Actual annual energy consumption per unit area of ​​buildings and actual carbon emissions After correction, the energy consumption is converted to the actual value under the same operating conditions, and expressed as follows:

[0048] ;

[0049] .

[0050] Furthermore, in step S5, based on the corrected energy consumption baseline value... With corrected actual energy consumption and revised carbon emission benchmarks With revised actual carbon emissions The comparison is used to evaluate the deviation rate between the actual energy consumption of a building under the same environmental conditions and its designed energy consumption. The formula is expressed as:

[0051] ;

[0052] ;

[0053] in: This represents the benchmark deviation rate of building energy consumption under the same environmental conditions; This represents the benchmark deviation rate of building carbon emissions based on equivalent environmental conditions;

[0054] The actual energy consumption and carbon emissions of a single building are verified:

[0055] If the deviation rate If the actual energy consumption of the building under the same environment and operating conditions is higher than the benchmark value, it is determined that the energy consumption mode of the building in the actual operation stage still has the potential for optimization and there is still room for improvement in energy saving and energy efficiency.

[0056] If the deviation rate If the actual energy consumption of the building under the same environment and operating conditions is lower than the benchmark value, it is determined that the energy consumption mode of the building in the actual operation stage meets the energy consumption benchmark level.

[0057] The assessment was conducted by comparing the actual energy consumption and carbon emissions of two similar buildings during operation.

[0058] Considering only the differences in the physical environment and operating conditions of two similar buildings, calculate the energy consumption deviation rate for each building. , If the deviation rate is smaller, it means that the actual operation of the building after being converted to the same environment and operating conditions is closer to its benchmark. It is determined that the building with a smaller deviation rate has reasonable energy-saving properties in its actual operation.

[0059] On the other hand, the present invention provides a system for verifying building energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent environmental conditions, comprising the following modules:

[0060] The benchmark calculation module is used to calculate and obtain the building benchmark energy data at the project completion stage based on the building's three-dimensional model, including the benchmark value of annual energy consumption per unit area and the benchmark value of carbon emissions.

[0061] The actual energy consumption calculation module is used to obtain the building’s actual total energy consumption for a full year using energy bills, and to calculate the building’s annual actual energy consumption per unit area and actual carbon emissions.

[0062] The first correction value calculation module is used to convert the annual energy consumption benchmark value and carbon emission benchmark value per unit area of ​​the building into the corrected energy consumption benchmark value and corrected carbon emission benchmark value under the same operating physical environment.

[0063] The second correction value calculation module is used to convert the actual annual energy consumption and actual carbon emissions per unit area of ​​a building into corrected actual energy consumption and corrected actual carbon emissions under the same usage conditions, based on the energy consumption correction method corresponding to the differences in actual use conditions of different building types.

[0064] The energy consumption verification module is used to verify the actual operating energy consumption and carbon emission status of a single building or two buildings of the same type by comparing the corrected energy consumption benchmark value with the corrected actual energy consumption and the corrected carbon emission benchmark value with the corrected actual carbon emission.

[0065] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows: The method and system for converting building energy consumption and carbon emissions under the same environmental conditions provided by this invention obtains corrected benchmark energy consumption and carbon emissions under the same physical environment by numerically simulating benchmark building energy consumption values, measuring actual building operating physical environment data, and then numerically simulating and correcting the conversion. Based on the energy consumption correction method corresponding to the differences in actual operating conditions of different building types, the corrected actual energy consumption and carbon emissions are obtained. The energy consumption of a single building or similar buildings is converted to the same environmental conditions for comparative analysis. After considering the interference factors of differences in operating physical environment and operating conditions, the energy-saving potential and operating efficiency of buildings can be accurately judged, and objective decision-making basis for improvement directions can be provided, making the verification of building energy consumption and carbon emissions more scientific, reasonable, accurate, and reliable. On the one hand, it improves the accuracy and comparability of building energy consumption verification results. Through normalization processing under the same environmental conditions, the energy consumption and carbon emission data of different buildings are converted to the same benchmark environment, making the data valuable for horizontal comparison and solving the problem of incomparability of energy consumption or carbon emission data caused by differences in building operating environments. On the other hand, it assists in energy efficiency diagnosis during the building operation phase. By comparing energy consumption and carbon emissions under the same environment with benchmark values, it can quickly determine the rationality of building energy use and carbon reduction potential, and guide operation and maintenance personnel to optimize operation strategies, such as air conditioning temperature settings. Attached Figure Description

[0066] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining building energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent environmental conditions, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 2 This is a data graph showing indoor temperature and humidity monitoring in a single-story coffee shop, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 3 This is a data graph of indoor temperature and humidity monitoring in a single-story restaurant, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 4 This is a data graph showing indoor temperature and humidity monitoring in a two-story restaurant, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 5 This is a data graph showing indoor temperature and humidity monitoring in a four-story restaurant, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 6 A dormitory-style indoor temperature and humidity monitoring data graph (I) is provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 7 A dormitory-style indoor temperature and humidity monitoring data graph (II) is provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 8 A dormitory-style indoor temperature and humidity monitoring data graph (III) provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0074] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for verifying building energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent environmental conditions, including the following steps:

[0076] Step S1: Calculate and obtain the building baseline energy data at the project completion stage based on the three-dimensional building model, including the annual energy consumption per unit area of ​​the building baseline. and carbon emission benchmark ;

[0077] Step S2: Obtain the building's actual total energy consumption for a full year using the energy bill, and calculate the building's actual energy consumption per unit area per year. and actual carbon emissions ;

[0078] Step S3: Set the benchmark value for annual energy consumption per unit area of ​​the building. and carbon emission benchmark Converted to a modified energy consumption baseline under equivalent operating physical conditions and revised carbon emission benchmarks ;

[0079] Step S4: Based on the energy consumption correction method corresponding to the differences in actual usage conditions of different building types, adjust the annual actual energy consumption per unit area of ​​the building. and actual carbon emissions Converted to corrected actual energy consumption under equivalent operating conditions and correcting actual carbon emissions ;

[0080] Step S5: Based on the corrected energy consumption baseline value With corrected actual energy consumption and revised carbon emission benchmarks With revised actual carbon emissions By comparing the data, the actual energy consumption and carbon emission status of a single building or two buildings of the same type can be verified.

[0081] In this embodiment, the building's actual annual energy consumption is affected by the physical environment of operation, such as climatic factors like temperature, humidity, sunshine, and wind, as well as the surrounding thermal and fresh air environments. It is also influenced by building occupancy rates, such as the number of users, activity levels, equipment operating time, and functional load rate. These factors, through changes in heat transfer within the building envelope, indoor load demand, and system operating efficiency, result in significant spatiotemporal differences in energy consumption. Therefore, to more reasonably compare the difference between a building's operational energy consumption and its baseline energy consumption, it is necessary to convert the energy consumption difference caused by the physical environment of operation, and also to convert the energy consumption difference caused by the building's actual operating conditions. In other words, the building's operation needs to be converted to a similar physical and usage environment before being compared with the baseline value, which is more reasonable.

[0082] In step S1, the building baseline energy data is first acquired.

[0083] The building energy consumption and carbon emissions calculated at the completion stage of any project can serve as benchmark values ​​for the building during its operation.

[0084] During the completion phase, a building energy consumption model is constructed based on the as-built drawings using industry-standard building energy consumption simulation software. First, a three-dimensional model of the building is typically built using the as-built drawings. The model's shape, size, orientation, internal spatial division and functions, building structural dimensions, and insulation methods are consistent with the as-built drawings. Then, the necessary building performance parameters for energy consumption calculations are input into the energy consumption simulation software, such as building envelope performance parameters, energy-consuming equipment design parameters, indoor and outdoor design physical environment parameters, and design operating conditions. After simulation calculations, the building's annual heating and cooling load, annual energy consumption per unit area, and building thermal performance indicators are typically obtained. This building energy consumption simulation process is a relatively common and widely used technique in the industry. In this invention, this technique is used to obtain the building's annual energy consumption indicators, a method commonly used by industry professionals.

[0085] The performance parameters of the building envelope and the design parameters of energy-consuming equipment, including the thermal performance of the building envelope, the performance of heating and air conditioning equipment, lighting equipment, and renewable energy parameters, are determined based on the on-site re-inspection report or test report.

[0086] The design usage conditions include building utilization rate, room function, number of elevators, and number of people using domestic hot water, which are determined according to the design conditions on the building as-built drawings.

[0087] The indoor design physical environment parameters include temperature, relative humidity, fresh air volume in each room, and lighting power density, which are determined according to the standard operating conditions designed on the building as-built drawings.

[0088] Therefore, the benchmark values ​​for annual energy consumption per unit area and carbon emissions of a building can be calculated and set as follows: , .

[0089] In step S2, the actual energy data of the building is obtained.

[0090] By using energy bills to obtain the building's actual total energy consumption for a full year, the actual annual energy consumption per unit area and actual carbon emissions of the building can be calculated, and set as follows: , .

[0091] In step S3, the energy consumption calculation is converted to the same operating physical environment.

[0092] First, a three-dimensional model of the building is constructed based on the as-built drawings. The parameters such as the thermal performance of the building envelope, the performance of heating and air conditioning equipment, lighting equipment, and renewable energy are determined based on the on-site re-inspection report or test report.

[0093] Building operating conditions, including building utilization rate, room function, number of elevators, and number of people using domestic hot water, are determined according to actual operating conditions; the indoor physical environment, including temperature, relative humidity, fresh air volume in each room, and lighting power density, are determined according to the standard operating conditions of the corresponding building type.

[0094] The first numerical simulation was conducted using a three-dimensional model of the building to determine the building's annual energy consumption per unit area under standard operating conditions. .

[0095] Secondly, the physical environment of the building's actual operation is obtained through on-site testing. The test parameters mainly include indoor temperature, relative humidity, fresh air volume, and lighting power density. The indoor environment is continuously monitored using the building indoor environment testing device. The device integrates the measurement of parameters such as indoor temperature, indoor relative humidity, indoor wind speed, illuminance, noise, PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10, TVOC, formaldehyde, and carbon dioxide, enabling simultaneous monitoring of the indoor physical environment and pollutant environment.

[0096] By conducting on-site tests, various indoor physical environment parameters of the building under actual operating conditions are obtained. These measured parameters can then be imported into the established 3D building model for further simulation, thereby obtaining a more accurate estimate of the building's annual energy consumption per unit area under real operating conditions. .

[0097] This section converts the building energy consumption baseline value and carbon emission baseline value, that is, the building's energy consumption baseline value after conversion to the equivalent operating physical environment is: The carbon emission factor for electricity is 0.5978, therefore the baseline value for carbon emissions is: .

[0098] In step S4, the energy consumption calculation is converted to the same operating conditions.

[0099] In addition to the differences between the physical environment and the design conditions, the building's usage conditions, including the number of users, the area used, the usage time, and the occupancy rate, will also differ from the standard or ideal design conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to correct and convert the actual energy consumption during operation to compensate for the energy consumption changes caused by abnormal operating conditions.

[0100] First, obtain the building's design usage conditions through as-built drawings or standard usage conditions by referring to relevant standards, including parameters such as the total number of users designed for the building, the per capita building density of each functional room, annual usage time, and the proportion of guest room area.

[0101] Secondly, the actual usage conditions of the building are obtained through on-site verification, including parameters such as the actual total number of building users, the actual building density per capita in each functional room, the actual annual usage time, and the actual proportion of guest room area.

[0102] This embodiment innovatively proposes a building energy consumption correction coefficient formula applicable to different building types, expressed as follows:

[0103] ;

[0104] In the formula, Total correction factor; : A constant, the value of which varies depending on the building type; : The proportion of influence of the i-th factor affecting actual energy consumption; The i-th factor affecting actual energy consumption, its design or standard value; : The actual value of the i-th factor affecting actual energy consumption.

[0105] Energy consumption correction methods based on the differences in actual usage conditions for office buildings, school buildings, hotel buildings, shopping mall buildings, and hospital buildings are applied separately, as follows:

[0106] (1) Office buildings;

[0107] The main factors affecting the energy consumption of office buildings include two types: usage time ( ), per capita building area ( ), Take 0.2, Take 0.6, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The formula is 0.2)

[0108] ;

[0109] (2) School buildings;

[0110] The main factors affecting the energy consumption of school buildings include two types: usage time ( ), number of guests ( ), Take 0.3, Take 0.3, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The formula is 0.4)

[0111] ;

[0112] (3) Hotel architecture;

[0113] The main factors affecting hotel building energy consumption include three types: occupancy rate ( ), the proportion of guest room area to total building area ( The proportion of the catering and banquet area to the total building area ( ), Take 0.2, Take 0.4, Take 0.2, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The formula is 0.2)

[0114] ;

[0115] (4) Shopping mall building;

[0116] The main factors affecting the energy consumption of shopping mall buildings include two types: usage time ( ), the proportion of the dining area to the total building area ( ), Take 0.3, Take 0.5, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The formula is 0.2)

[0117] ;

[0118] (5) Hospital buildings;

[0119] The main factors affecting the energy consumption of hospital buildings include one: ward occupancy rate ( ), Take 0.8, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The formula is 0.2)

[0120] .

[0121] Actual annual energy consumption per unit area of ​​buildings and actual carbon emissions After correction, the energy consumption is converted to the actual value under the same operating conditions, and expressed as follows:

[0122] ;

[0123] .

[0124] In step S5, the method for determining energy consumption and carbon emissions is described.

[0125] Based on the revised energy consumption benchmark With corrected actual energy consumption and revised carbon emission benchmarks With revised actual carbon emissions Comparison between the two. This invention proposes a method for calculating the benchmark deviation rate of building energy consumption under identical environmental conditions. This method is used to evaluate the deviation rate between the actual operating energy consumption and the designed operating energy consumption of a building under identical environmental conditions. The calculation method is as follows:

[0126] ;

[0127] ;

[0128] in: : Benchmark deviation rate of building energy consumption under the same environmental conditions; : Benchmark deviation rate of building carbon emissions under the same environmental conditions.

[0129] Scenario 1: Verification of the actual energy consumption and carbon emissions of a single building during operation:

[0130] If the deviation rate If the actual energy consumption of the building under the same environment and operating conditions is higher than the benchmark value, it is determined that the building's energy consumption mode in the actual operation stage still has the potential for optimization and there is still room for improvement in energy conservation and energy efficiency.

[0131] If the deviation rate If the actual energy consumption of the building under the same environment and operating conditions is lower than the benchmark value, it is determined that the energy consumption mode of the building in the actual operation stage meets the energy consumption benchmark level.

[0132] Scenario 2: Verification based on the actual energy consumption and carbon emissions of two similar buildings during operation:

[0133] Considering only the differences in the physical environment and operating conditions of two similar buildings, calculate the energy consumption deviation rate for each building. , If the deviation rate is smaller, it means that the actual operation of the building after being converted to the same environment and operating conditions is closer to its benchmark. It is determined that the building with a smaller deviation rate has reasonable energy-saving properties in its actual operation.

[0134] The following describes the working principle of the method for determining building energy consumption and carbon emissions under the same environmental conditions, using specific embodiments as examples. Example 1

[0135] Taking a restaurant building as an example, the conversion to a building energy consumption and carbon emission assessment method under the same environmental conditions includes the following steps.

[0136] (1) The first step is to obtain the building's baseline energy data. The energy consumption baseline value of the building in July during the completion stage can be obtained through numerical simulation calculation. It is 8.4201 kWh / m², the baseline value for carbon emissions. It is 5.0335 kg CO2e / ㎡.

[0137] (2) The second step is to obtain the actual energy data of the building. The main function of the building is catering. The electricity consumption per unit area in July was 9.972 kWh / ㎡, which is higher than the benchmark value, obtained from the building energy bill.

[0138] (3) The third step is to convert to energy consumption calculation under the same physical environment.

[0139] 1) Calculate the energy consumption per unit area of ​​the building under standard operating conditions. .

[0140] First, obtain the as-built drawings of the building and construct the building model. The thermal performance of each building envelope, the coefficient of performance of heating and air conditioning equipment, room functions, number of lighting fixtures, number of elevators, number of people using domestic hot water, renewable energy, and other parameters are determined according to the actual situation, as shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0141] Table 1 Actual parameters of thermal performance of building envelope

[0142] Thermal parameter Thermal parameter Thermal parameter Unit Calculated value Roof heat transfer coefficient Roof heat transfer coefficient Roof heat transfer coefficient W / (m 2 ·K) 0.31 External wall heat transfer coefficient External wall heat transfer coefficient External wall heat transfer coefficient W / (m 2 ·K) 0.37 External window Heat transfer coefficient K East facade W / (m 2 ·K) 1.48 External window Heat transfer coefficient K South facade W / (m 2 ·K) 1.40 External window Heat transfer coefficient K West facade W / (m 2 · K) 1.40 External window Heat transfer coefficient K North facade W / (m 2 · K) 1.40 External window Solar heat gain coefficient SHGC East facade -- 0.18 External window Solar heat gain coefficient SHGC South facade -- 0.19 External window Solar heat gain coefficient SHGC West facade -- 0.16 External window Solar heat gain coefficient SHGC North facade -- 0.42

[0143] Table 2 Actual performance parameters of heating and air conditioning equipment

[0144] Multi-split unit single machine rated cooling capacity (kW) Number Unit comprehensive performance coefficient (APF) 28.0 1 5.30 33.5 4 5.25 40.0 3 4.85 45.0 1 5.10 56.6 3 4.80

[0145] In this embodiment, the main functional rooms are equipped with LED lighting; there are two passenger elevators with a standby energy consumption of 200W; the standard for domestic hot water is 220 people per day, with a water consumption quota of 12L / person / day, provided by an air source heat pump unit; and approximately 40KW of solar photovoltaic panels are installed for renewable energy.

[0146] The physical environment for indoor operation, including temperature, relative humidity, fresh air volume in each room, and lighting power density, is determined according to the standard operating conditions of the corresponding functional rooms.

[0147] Therefore, based on the three-dimensional model of the building, the first numerical simulation calculation can be performed to obtain the energy consumption per unit area of ​​the building under standard operating conditions in July. It is 8.6813 kWh / m².

[0148] 2) On-site testing of the physical environment.

[0149] From June 30th to July 7th, 2025, real-time indoor environmental monitoring was conducted at the building site. Monitoring locations included the first-floor coffee shop, first-floor restaurant, second-floor restaurant, and fourth-floor restaurant. Monitoring parameters included indoor temperature, humidity, illuminance, noise, PM2.5, PM10, formaldehyde, and TVOC. Outdoor meteorological parameters were also monitored in real-time. Data was read every 30 minutes. Indoor temperature and humidity monitoring data are referenced in the monitoring results. Figure 2~Figure 5 As shown,

[0150] In this embodiment, the building's working hours are from 8:00 AM to 11:00 PM. The average indoor temperature and average humidity at each monitoring point during the working hours are calculated using monitoring data, as follows:

[0151] The average indoor temperature of the first-floor coffee shop is 26.5℃, and the average indoor humidity is 54.3%.

[0152] The average indoor temperature in the first-floor restaurant is 27.3℃, and the average indoor humidity is 54.6%.

[0153] The average indoor temperature in the second-floor restaurant was 26.8℃, and the average indoor humidity was 54.2%.

[0154] The average indoor temperature in the fourth-floor restaurant is 31.4℃, and the average indoor humidity is 54.2%.

[0155] In this embodiment, the fresh air volume test was conducted by setting up wind speed measuring points at the fresh air inlets of the first-floor restaurant. The average wind speed was 6.25 m / s. The diameter of the air inlet was 12 cm, and the normal number of users was 8. Therefore, the fresh air volume was calculated to be 32 m³ / (h·person).

[0156] In this embodiment, the main function of the lighting power density test is to measure the on-site lighting power density values ​​for the following rooms: corridor 3.5W / ㎡, dining room 6.6W / ㎡, and kitchen 6.6W / ㎡.

[0157] 3) Calculate the building's annual energy consumption per unit area under actual operating conditions. .

[0158] Based on the aforementioned three-dimensional building model, a second numerical simulation was performed using physical environmental parameters monitored during actual operation to determine the building's energy consumption per unit area in July under actual operating conditions. It is 8.4173 kWh / m².

[0159] Therefore, the building's baseline energy consumption value can be converted, that is, the building's baseline energy consumption value after conversion to the same operating physical environment is:

[0160] ;

[0161] ;

[0162] (4) Convert to energy consumption calculation under the same operating conditions.

[0163] This building is a modified version of a shopping mall building. Energy consumption is mainly affected by two factors: usage time (…). ), the proportion of the dining area to the total building area ( The standard annual usage time for general shops in a shopping mall building is 5000 hours per year, which translates to an average monthly usage time. The actual usage time of this building in July was 417 hours. The area is 465 hours; the proportion of the dining area to the total building area in this building. and Both are 100%, therefore, according to the shopping mall building energy consumption correction method, the correction factor is:

[0164] ;

[0165] The energy consumption correction value of the building when converted to the same usage conditions can be calculated. :

[0166] ;

[0167] ;

[0168] (5) The conclusions on the determination of energy consumption and carbon emissions are shown in Table 3 below.

[0169] Table 3 Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission Determination

[0170] July Energy consumption (kWh / ㎡) Carbon emissions (kgCO2e / m2) Benchmark value 8.4201 5.0335 Actual value 9.9720 5.9612 Convert the benchmark correction amount W0-W1 under the same running physical environment 0.2640 / Converted benchmark value 8.6841 5.1913 Converted actual value 9.4564 5.6530

[0171] The above comparative analysis confirms the following conclusions: Through the above calculations, it can be seen that the actual energy consumption of this building after being converted to the same environment and the same operating conditions is still higher than the benchmark value. This indicates that there is an unreasonable energy consumption phenomenon in the building during operation, and there is still room for energy-saving optimization. The start-up and shutdown of equipment such as air conditioning and lighting can be reasonably optimized according to actual needs, and the building's energy efficiency level can be improved through energy-saving operation management. Example 2

[0172] Taking a dormitory building as an example, the conversion to a building energy consumption and carbon emission verification method under the same environmental conditions includes the following steps.

[0173] (1) The first step is to obtain the building's baseline energy data. The baseline energy consumption of the building in September during the completion phase can be obtained through numerical simulation calculations. It is 10.02 kWh / m², the baseline value for carbon emissions. It is 5.9890 kg CO2e / ㎡.

[0174] (2) The second step is to obtain the actual energy data of the building. The main function of the building is dormitory. The total electricity consumption in September 2025 was 49,055 kWh, which translates to 8.96 kWh / ㎡ per unit area in September, lower than the benchmark value.

[0175] (3) The third step is to convert to energy consumption calculation under the same physical environment.

[0176] 1) Calculate the energy consumption per unit area of ​​the building under standard operating conditions. .

[0177] First, obtain the building's as-built drawings and construct the building model. The parameters such as the thermal performance of each building envelope, the performance coefficient of heating and air conditioning equipment, room functions, the number of lighting fixtures, and the number of people using domestic hot water are determined according to the actual situation, as shown in Table 4 below.

[0178] Table 4 Actual parameters of thermal performance of building envelope

[0179] Thermal parameter Thermal parameter Thermal parameter Unit Calculated value Roof heat transfer coefficient Roof heat transfer coefficient Roof heat transfer coefficient W / (m 2 ·K) 0.49 External wall heat transfer coefficient External wall heat transfer coefficient External wall heat transfer coefficient W / (m 2 ·K) 0.98 External window Heat transfer coefficient K East facade W / (m 2 ·K) 2.60 External window Heat transfer coefficient K South facade W / (m 2 ·K) 2.60 External window Heat transfer coefficient K West facade W / (m 2 K) 2.60 External window Heat transfer coefficient K North facade W / (m 2 K) 2.60 External window Solar heat gain coefficient SHGC East facade -- 0.87 External window Solar heat gain coefficient SHGC South facade -- 0.87 External window Solar heat gain coefficient SHGC West facade -- 0.87 External window Solar heat gain coefficient SHGC North facade -- 0.87

[0180] In this embodiment, the main functional rooms use LED lighting fixtures; domestic hot water is provided by two air source heat pump water heaters for a daily water demand of 320 people at a rate of 55L / person / day; there are a total of five multi-split air conditioners with an annual coefficient of performance of 4.45 (W·h) / (W·h); ten washing machines with a power of 2.35kW each are used; and five water dispensers with a power of 6kW each are used.

[0181] The physical environment for indoor operation, including temperature, relative humidity, and lighting power density, is determined according to the standard operating conditions of the corresponding functional room.

[0182] Therefore, the first numerical simulation can be performed to obtain the building's energy consumption per unit area in September under standard operating conditions. It is 10.07 kWh / m².

[0183] 2) On-site testing of the physical environment.

[0184] From 5 PM on September 16th to 5 PM on September 19th, 2025, real-time indoor environmental monitoring was conducted at the construction site. Monitoring locations included dormitories 301, 401, and 501. Monitoring parameters included indoor temperature, humidity, illuminance, noise, PM2.5, PM10, formaldehyde, and TVOC. Outdoor meteorological parameters were also monitored in real-time. Data was read every 30 minutes. Monitoring results are as follows: Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 The indoor temperature and humidity monitoring data shown are as follows.

[0185] The dormitory buildings are in use from 0:00 to 24:00. The average indoor temperature and humidity at each monitoring point were calculated based on the monitoring data, as follows: Dormitory 301: average indoor temperature 29.7℃, average indoor humidity 51.0%; Dormitory 401: average indoor temperature 27.3℃, average indoor humidity 52.3%; Dormitory 501: average indoor temperature 26.4℃, average indoor humidity 47.0%.

[0186] No fresh air system was installed in this embodiment.

[0187] In this embodiment, the main function of the lighting power density test is to measure the on-site lighting power density values ​​for the following rooms: dormitory 1.9W / ㎡, bathroom 5.5W / ㎡, and corridor 2.7W / ㎡.

[0188] 3) Calculate the building's annual energy consumption per unit area under actual operating conditions. .

[0189] Based on the aforementioned three-dimensional building model, a second numerical simulation was performed using physical environmental parameters monitored during actual operation to determine the building's energy consumption per unit area in September under actual operating conditions. It is 9.19 kWh / m².

[0190] Therefore, the building's baseline energy consumption value can be corrected, that is, the building's baseline energy consumption value when converted to the same operating physical environment is:

[0191] ;

[0192] ;

[0193] (4) The fourth step is to convert to energy consumption calculation under the same operating conditions.

[0194] The main factors affecting the energy consumption of school buildings include two types: usage time ( ), number of guests ( The building's usage time All are 6600 hours; the total number of residents in this building design is 6600. The number of people was 360, but the actual number of users was [not specified]. The number of people is 320. Therefore, according to the school building correction method, the correction factor is:

[0195] ;

[0196] The energy consumption correction value of the building when converted to the same usage conditions can be calculated. :

[0197] ;

[0198] .

[0199] (5) The conclusions on the determination of energy consumption and carbon emissions are shown in Table 5 below.

[0200] Table 5. Determination of Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions

[0201] September Energy consumption (kWh / ㎡) Carbon emissions (kgCO2e / m2) Benchmark value 10.020 5.9890 Actual value 8.9600 5.3563 Converting to the reference correction amount W0-W1 in the equivalent running physical environment 0.8800 / Converted benchmark value 10.900 6.5160 Converted actual value 9.408 5.6241

[0202] The above calculations show that the actual energy consumption of this building after conversion to the same environment and usage conditions is still lower than the benchmark value. This is because the building's function after the renovation is entirely dormitory, the building envelope has an added insulation system, and domestic hot water is provided by a renewable energy air source heat pump. The overall energy consumption pattern is relatively simple. In addition, the school has formulated a management system for students to pay for excess air conditioning electricity, which is conducive to energy conservation.

[0203] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining building energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent environmental conditions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Calculate and obtain the building baseline energy data at the project completion stage based on the three-dimensional building model, including the annual energy consumption per unit area baseline value and carbon emission baseline value of the building; Step S2: Use the energy bill to obtain the building's actual total energy consumption for a full year, and calculate the building's actual energy consumption per unit area and actual carbon emissions per year; Step S3: Convert the annual energy consumption per unit area benchmark and carbon emission benchmark of the building into the corrected energy consumption benchmark and corrected carbon emission benchmark under the same operating physical environment; Step S4: Based on the energy consumption correction method corresponding to the differences in actual usage conditions of different building types, convert the actual annual energy consumption and actual carbon emissions per unit area of ​​the building into corrected actual energy consumption and corrected actual carbon emissions under the same usage conditions. Step S5: Based on the comparison between the corrected energy consumption benchmark value and the corrected actual energy consumption and the corrected carbon emission benchmark value and the corrected actual carbon emission, determine the actual operating energy consumption and carbon emission status of a single building or two buildings of the same type. In step S1, a building energy consumption model is constructed based on the building as-built drawings using industry-standard building energy consumption simulation software, including the following steps: First, a three-dimensional model of the building is constructed using the as-built drawings. The shape, size, orientation, internal spatial division and functions, building structural dimensions, and insulation methods of the three-dimensional model are consistent with the as-built drawings. Secondly, input the necessary building performance parameters for energy consumption calculation into the energy consumption simulation software, including building envelope performance parameters, energy consumption equipment design parameters, indoor and outdoor design physical environment parameters, and design operating conditions; Then, simulation calculations are performed to obtain the annual energy consumption per unit area of ​​the building; The performance parameters of the building envelope and the design parameters of the energy-consuming equipment include the thermal performance of the building envelope, the performance of heating and air conditioning equipment, lighting equipment, and renewable energy parameters, which are determined based on the on-site re-inspection report or test report. The design usage conditions include building utilization rate, room function, number of elevators, and number of people using domestic hot water, which are determined according to the design conditions on the building as-built drawings. The indoor design physical environment parameters include temperature, relative humidity, fresh air volume in each room, and lighting power density, which are determined according to the standard working conditions designed on the building as-built drawings; In step S3, the standard operating condition value of annual energy consumption per unit area of ​​the building is calculated using a three-dimensional model of the building. The required operating conditions at this time include building utilization rate, room function, number of elevators, and number of people using domestic hot water, which should be determined according to actual usage. The required indoor physical environment parameters at this time include temperature, relative humidity, fresh air volume of each room, and lighting power density, which should be determined according to the standard operating conditions designed on the building as-built drawings. The actual physical environment of the building was obtained through on-site testing, including indoor temperature, relative humidity, fresh air volume, and lighting power density. This obtained physical environment was then imported into a 3D building model for further simulation, yielding a more accurate simulation value of the building's annual energy consumption per unit area. ; Benchmark value for annual energy consumption per unit area of ​​building and carbon emission benchmark The energy consumption is adjusted and converted to a baseline value under the same operating physical environment, as follows: ； ； In step S4, the design usage conditions of the building are obtained through the as-built drawings or the standard usage conditions are obtained by referring to relevant standards, including the total number of users of the building, the per capita building density of each functional room, the annual usage time, and the proportion of guest room area. The actual usage conditions of the building were obtained through on-site verification, including the actual total number of building users, the actual building density per capita in each functional room, the actual annual usage time, and the actual proportion of guest room area. Energy consumption correction methods are applied to office buildings, school buildings, hotel buildings, shopping mall buildings, and hospital buildings based on the differences in actual usage conditions for different building types. The formula for the building energy consumption correction coefficient is expressed as follows: ； In the formula, Indicates the total correction factor; This represents a constant, and its value varies depending on the building type. This represents the proportion of the influence of the i-th factor affecting actual energy consumption; This represents the i-th factor affecting actual energy consumption, and its design or standard value. Let represent the actual value of the i-th factor affecting actual energy consumption.

2. The method for determining building energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent environmental conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Energy consumption correction methods based on the differences in actual usage conditions for office buildings, school buildings, hotel buildings, shopping mall buildings, and hospital buildings are applied separately, as follows: (1) Office buildings; The main factors affecting the energy consumption of office buildings include two types: usage time ( ), per capita building area ( ), Take 0.2, Take 0.6, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The value is set to 0.2) ； (2) School buildings; The main factors affecting the energy consumption of school buildings include two types: usage time ( ), number of guests ( ), Take 0.3, Take 0.3, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The formula is 0.4) ； (3) Hotel architecture; The main factors affecting hotel building energy consumption include three types: occupancy rate ( ), the proportion of guest room area to total building area ( The proportion of the catering and banquet area to the total building area ( ), Take 0.2, Take 0.4, Take 0.2, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The value is set to 0.2) ； (4) Shopping mall building; The main factors affecting the energy consumption of shopping mall buildings include two types: usage time ( ), the proportion of the dining area to the total building area ( ), Take 0.3, Take 0.5, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The value is set to 0.2) ； (5) Hospital buildings; The main factors affecting the energy consumption of hospital buildings include one: ward occupancy rate ( ), Take 0.8, Therefore, the correction factor formula is: (The value is set to 0.2) ； Actual annual energy consumption per unit area of ​​buildings and actual carbon emissions After correction, the energy consumption is converted to the actual value under the same operating conditions, and expressed as follows: ； 。 3. The method for determining building energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent environmental conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S5, based on the corrected energy consumption baseline value With corrected actual energy consumption and revised carbon emission benchmarks With revised actual carbon emissions The comparison is used to evaluate the deviation rate between the actual energy consumption of a building under the same environmental conditions and its designed energy consumption. The formula is expressed as: ； ； in: This represents the benchmark deviation rate of building energy consumption under the same environmental conditions; This represents the benchmark deviation rate of building carbon emissions based on equivalent environmental conditions; The actual energy consumption and carbon emissions of a single building are verified: If the deviation rate If the actual energy consumption of the building under the same environment and operating conditions is higher than the benchmark value, it is determined that the energy consumption mode of the building in the actual operation stage still has the potential for optimization and there is still room for improvement in energy saving and energy efficiency. If the deviation rate If the actual energy consumption of the building under the same environment and operating conditions is lower than the benchmark value, it is determined that the energy consumption mode of the building in the actual operation stage meets the energy consumption benchmark level. The assessment was conducted by comparing the actual energy consumption and carbon emissions of two similar buildings during operation. Considering only the differences in the physical environment and operating conditions of two similar buildings, calculate the energy consumption deviation rate for each building. , If the deviation rate is smaller, it means that the actual operation of the building after being converted to the same environment and operating conditions is closer to its benchmark. It is determined that the building with a smaller deviation rate has reasonable energy-saving properties in its actual operation.

4. A system for verifying building energy consumption and carbon emissions under equivalent environmental conditions, characterized in that, Performing the method as described in any one of claims 1-3, comprising the following modules: The benchmark calculation module is used to calculate and obtain the building benchmark energy data at the project completion stage based on the building's three-dimensional model, including the benchmark value of annual energy consumption per unit area and the benchmark value of carbon emissions. The actual energy consumption calculation module is used to obtain the building’s actual total energy consumption for a full year using energy bills, and to calculate the building’s annual actual energy consumption per unit area and actual carbon emissions. The first correction value calculation module is used to convert the annual energy consumption benchmark value and carbon emission benchmark value per unit area of ​​the building into the corrected energy consumption benchmark value and corrected carbon emission benchmark value under the same operating physical environment. The second correction value calculation module is used to convert the actual annual energy consumption and actual carbon emissions per unit area of ​​a building into corrected actual energy consumption and corrected actual carbon emissions under the same usage conditions, based on the energy consumption correction method corresponding to the differences in actual use conditions of different building types. The energy consumption verification module is used to verify the actual operating energy consumption and carbon emission status of a single building or two buildings of the same type by comparing the corrected energy consumption benchmark value with the corrected actual energy consumption and the corrected carbon emission benchmark value with the corrected actual carbon emission.

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