Battery pack and vehicle including the same

Abstract

The battery pack according to the present disclosure comprises: a plurality of battery cells; a bus bar assembly connected to the battery cell; and at least one sensing assembly connected to the bus bar assembly, the sensing assembly comprising: a sensing member comprising at least one sensing branch for sensing at least some of the plurality of battery cells; and at least one support member connected to the sensing branch and supporting the sensing branch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a battery pack and a carrier including the battery pack, and more specifically, to a battery pack and a carrier including the battery pack, wherein the stiffness of the sensing components is enhanced to improve energy density and assembly efficiency and reduce failure rate.

[0002] This application is based on and claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0076631, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on June 12, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Background Technology

[0003] Recently, the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, cameras, and mobile phones has increased rapidly, and the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites has accelerated. Therefore, in response to this, high-performance rechargeable batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged are being actively researched.

[0004] Currently, commercially available rechargeable batteries include nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), nickel-zinc (NiZn), and lithium-ion batteries. Among them, lithium-ion batteries have become the focus of attention due to their advantages of almost no memory effect, very low self-discharge rate, high energy density, and flexible charging and discharging.

[0005] These lithium-ion secondary batteries typically use lithium-based oxides and carbon materials as the positive and negative electrode active materials, respectively. Furthermore, a lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly, in which positive and negative electrode plates, coated with positive and negative electrode active materials respectively, are separated by a separator, and a housing that stores the electrode assembly containing the electrolyte in a sealed manner.

[0006] Furthermore, based on the shape of the battery casing, lithium-ion secondary batteries can be divided into pouch-type secondary batteries, which store the electrode components in a pouch of aluminum laminates, and can-type secondary batteries, which store the electrode components in a metal can. Additionally, based on the shape of the metal can, can-type secondary batteries can be further divided into cylindrical batteries and prismatic batteries. To provide high voltage and high current, these lithium-ion secondary batteries are assembled into a dense structure by stacking multiple battery cells, overlapping each other with or without a casing, and then electrically connected to form a battery module or battery pack.

[0007] Recently, there has been active research and development on battery packs configured as individual modules or unit components. These packs achieve structural rigidity by densely stacking multiple cylindrical battery cells to stand upright, along with a battery pack frame surrounding them. In particular, the size of individual modules or battery components is increasing to increase energy capacity.

[0008] Sensing components that detect the voltage or temperature of multiple battery cells can be connected to a single module or battery assembly. These sensing components can be provided in a thin form to increase the energy density of the battery pack. However, because they are provided in this thin form, the sensing components may deform or bend during the connection process to a single module or battery assembly, which reduces the assembly efficiency of the battery pack and increases the failure rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop battery packs that can increase energy density while improving assembly efficiency and reducing failure rates. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Technical issues

[0010] This disclosure aims to address the problems of the prior art, and therefore aims to provide a battery pack with improved energy density and a vehicle including the battery pack.

[0011] Furthermore, this disclosure provides a battery pack with improved assembly efficiency and a carrier including the battery pack.

[0012] Furthermore, this disclosure provides a battery pack with reduced failure rate and a vehicle including the battery pack.

[0013] Furthermore, this disclosure provides a miniaturized battery pack and a carrier including the battery pack.

[0014] In addition, this disclosure provides a lightweight battery pack and a vehicle including the battery pack.

[0015] Furthermore, this disclosure provides a battery pack with improved welding efficiency and a carrier including the battery pack.

[0016] Furthermore, this disclosure provides a battery pack with a simplified assembly process and a carrier including the battery pack.

[0017] The technical problems to be solved by this disclosure are not limited to those described above, and those skilled in the art will clearly understand other problems not mentioned above based on the following description of the invention.

[0018] Technical solution

[0019] In one aspect of this disclosure, a battery pack is provided, the battery pack comprising: a plurality of battery cells; a busbar assembly connected to the battery cells; and at least one sensing component connected to the busbar assembly, wherein the sensing component may include: a sensing member including at least one sensing branch configured to sense at least some of the plurality of battery cells; and at least one support member coupled to the sensing branch and configured to support the sensing branch.

[0020] The sensing component and the busbar component can be configured as an integrated component.

[0021] The sensing component can be a flexible printed circuit board.

[0022] The supporting member may include an insulating material with rigidity.

[0023] The support member and the sensing branch can be configured to correspond to each other in shape.

[0024] The support component can be manufactured by injection molding.

[0025] The support member and the sensing branch can be bonded together.

[0026] The sensing branch may be configured to extend in one direction, and the support member may be configured to extend in the longitudinal direction of the sensing branch.

[0027] The support member can be positioned on the opposite side of the busbar assembly relative to the sensing branch.

[0028] The sensing branch may include a first periphery configured to expose the electrodes of the battery cell to the outside and surround the electrodes of the battery cell, and the support member may include a second periphery having a shape corresponding to the first periphery.

[0029] The busbar assembly may include sub-busbar units connected to the electrodes of the battery cell. The sensing branch and the sub-busbar units may be welded to each other at a first weld point, and the sub-busbar units and the electrodes of the battery cell may be welded to each other at a second weld point. The first and second perimeters may not cover the first and second welds.

[0030] The sensing branch may include a metal plate configured to guide a welding connection with the sub-busbar unit, and the support member may be configured to support the metal plate.

[0031] The metal plate can be configured as a nickel plate.

[0032] The sensing branch may include: a plurality of first peripheries arranged in a row; and at least one first bridge configured to connect the plurality of first peripheries, and the support member may include: a plurality of second peripheries corresponding to the plurality of first peripheries; and at least one second bridge corresponding to the at least one first bridge.

[0033] The width of the second bridge can be made to be greater than the width of the first bridge.

[0034] The busbar assembly

[0035] It can be connected to the battery cell and the sensing component, and

[0036] It can be pre-connected to the sensing component before being connected to the battery cell and then provided.

[0037] The busbar assembly may include a sub-busbar unit, the sub-busbar unit including a plurality of connecting busbars, the plurality of connecting busbars being connected to the electrodes of the battery cell, and the sensing component being connected to the plurality of connecting busbars.

[0038] In another aspect of this disclosure, a vehicle is provided that includes at least one battery pack according to this disclosure.

[0039] Beneficial effects

[0040] According to this disclosure, a battery pack with increased energy density and a carrier including the sensing component can be provided by means of a sensing component including a support member.

[0041] Furthermore, by using a sensing component that includes a support member, a battery pack with improved assembly efficiency and a carrier that includes the sensing component can be provided.

[0042] Furthermore, by using a sensing component that includes a support member, a battery pack with a reduced failure rate and a vehicle that includes the sensing component can be provided.

[0043] In addition, a miniaturized battery pack comprising a sensing component including a support member and a carrier including the sensing component can be provided.

[0044] Furthermore, a lightweight battery pack and a vehicle including the battery pack can be provided by a sensing component that includes a supporting member.

[0045] Furthermore, by using a sensing component that includes a support member, a battery pack with improved welding efficiency and a carrier that includes the sensing component can be provided.

[0046] Furthermore, a battery pack with a simplified assembly process and a vehicle including the battery pack can be provided by pre-connected and supplied busbar components and sensing components.

[0047] The effects that can be obtained under this disclosure are not limited to those described above, and other effects not mentioned above will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art based on the following description of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the foregoing disclosure, serve to provide a further understanding of the technical features of the present disclosure; therefore, the present disclosure is not to be construed as limited to the drawings.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a perspective view illustrating a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a perspective view showing a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the busbar assembly and the sensing assembly are connected to the cell array structure.

[0051] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An exploded 3D view of the cell array structure, busbar assembly, and sensing assembly.

[0052] Figure 4 This is an exploded perspective view of a sensing component in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the sensing component and the busbar component are configured as an integrated component.

[0054] Figure 6 This is an exploded perspective view showing the cell array structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] Figure 7 This is an exploded perspective view showing the busbar assembly of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] Figure 8 This is a plan view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the busbar assembly and the sensing assembly are connected to the cell array structure.

[0057] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 An enlarged top view of area A.

[0058] Figure 10 This is an enlarged plan view showing the sensing branch in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] Figure 11 This is an enlarged top view showing a support member in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0060] Figure 12 This is an enlarged top view of a support member in a battery pack, illustrating a modified embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0061] Figure 13 yes Figure 9 An enlarged top view of region B.

[0062] Figure 14 It is shown in Figure 13 A top view of the metal plate added to the middle.

[0063] Figure 15 This is an enlarged plan view showing a portion of a sensing component according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0064] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Before the description, it should be understood that the terminology used in the specification and appended claims should not be construed as limited to its general and dictionary meaning, but rather is interpreted based on the principle of allowing the inventors to appropriately define the terminology for the best interpretation, and on the meaning and concepts corresponding to the technical aspects of this disclosure.

[0066] Therefore, the description presented herein is merely a preferred example for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. It should be understood that other equivalents and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0067] Figure 1 This is a perspective view showing a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 This is a perspective view showing a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the busbar assembly and the sensing assembly are connected to the battery array structure. Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An exploded 3D view of the battery array structure, busbar assembly, and sensing components. Figure 4 This is an exploded perspective view of a sensing component in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0068] The following is for reference Figures 1 to 4 The battery pack 10 according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail. The battery pack 10 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a plurality of battery cells 110, a busbar assembly 200 and a sensing assembly 300.

[0069] The battery pack 10 can also be configured as a three-dimensional structure with a specified width, length, and height in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The battery pack 10 can have a structure suitable for mounting on the vehicle body.

[0070] The battery cell 110 is a secondary battery and can be configured as a cylindrical secondary battery, a pouch-shaped secondary battery, or a prismatic secondary battery. Hereinafter, in this embodiment, a secondary battery in which multiple battery cells 110 are configured as cylindrical will be described, but it is not limited thereto. Obviously, pouch-shaped or prismatic secondary batteries can also be used in the battery cell 110.

[0071] Multiple battery cells 110 can be configured into a cell array structure 100. The cell array structure 100 can be understood as a single component or structure in which multiple battery cells 110 are arranged as follows. For example, multiple battery cells 110 can be arranged in the cell array structure 100 in a horizontal direction parallel to the XY plane and perpendicular to the Z direction. The cell array structure 100 can have predetermined length, width, and height in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The battery pack 10 including the cell array structure 100 can be configured as a so-called battery-to-battery pack structure without a separate module housing, thereby increasing space efficiency and improving energy density. The cell array structure 100 can also be configured to have a large area by increasing the number of configured battery cells 110.

[0072] The busbar assembly 200 can be connected to the battery cell 110. The busbar assembly 200 can be connected to each of the multiple battery cells 110. Here, connection can be understood as electrical connection and / or physical connection. The busbar assembly 200 can be disposed on one side of the battery cell 110. For example, the busbar assembly 200 can be disposed above the battery cell 110 (in the +Z direction). The busbar assembly 200 can also be disposed on one side of the cell array structure 100. For example, the busbar assembly 200 can be disposed above the cell array structure 100 (in the +Z direction).

[0073] The sensing component 300 can be connected to the busbar assembly 200. Here, connection can be understood as electrical connection and / or physical connection. The sensing component 300 can be disposed on one side of the busbar assembly 200. For example, the sensing component 300 can be disposed on the upper side of the busbar assembly 200 (in the +Z direction). The battery pack 10 according to this disclosure may include at least one sensing component 300. The battery pack 10 according to this disclosure may include multiple sensing components 300.

[0074] The sensing component 300 may include a sensing member 400 and a support member 500. The sensing member 400 may be configured to sense at least some of the battery cells 110. The sensing member 400 may sense the voltage or temperature of the battery cells 110. Here, the sensing may be LV (low voltage) sensing for detecting the voltage or temperature of the battery cells 110. The sensing information, such as the voltage or temperature information of the battery cells 110 obtained by the LV sensing of the sensing member 400, may be sent to the BMS (Battery Management System) described later.

[0075] The sensing component 400 may include at least one sensing branch 410. The sensing branch 410 may be configured to sense at least some of the plurality of battery cells 110. The sensing branch 410 may sense the voltage or temperature of the battery cells 110, and the sensing may be LV sensing.

[0076] Alternatively, a sensing member 400 may include multiple sensing branches 410. In this case, a battery cell 110 sensed by one of the multiple sensing branches 410 may not overlap with a battery cell 110 sensed by another sensing branch 410. The sensing branches 410 may be configured to be thin. When the sensing branches 410 are configured to be thin, the energy density of the battery pack 10 can be increased.

[0077] The support member 500 can be connected to the sensing branch 410. Here, connection can be understood as physical connection. The support member 500 can be fixed to the sensing branch 410. The support member 500 can support the sensing branch 410. The support member 500 can be connected to the sensing branch 410 to enhance the rigidity of the sensing branch 410. The sensing assembly 300 may include at least one support member 500. The support member 500 can be configured to correspond to the sensing branch 410 of the sensing assembly 400, and the support member 500 can be connected to the sensing branch 410 to correspond to each sensing branch 410.

[0078] In a battery pack 10 comprising multiple battery cells 110, a busbar assembly 200, and a sensing component 400, the process of assembling the battery pack 10 may include connecting the multiple battery cells 110 and the busbar assembly 200, and connecting the busbar assembly 200 and the sensing component 400. The process of connecting the busbar assembly 200 and the sensing component 400 may include loading and aligning the sensing component 400 onto the busbar assembly 200, and connecting the loaded and aligned sensing component 400 to the busbar assembly 200. In conventional battery packs, due to insufficient rigidity of the sensing component, it may deform or bend during the loading and alignment process onto the busbar assembly, thereby reducing the assembly efficiency of the battery pack and increasing the failure rate.

[0079] In the battery pack 10 according to this disclosure, the support member 500 can be coupled to the sensing member 400 and provided as a sensing component 300. Therefore, the assembly process of the battery pack 10 according to this disclosure can include connecting a plurality of battery cells 110 and a busbar assembly 200, and connecting the busbar assembly 200 and the sensing component 300. The support member 500 can enhance the rigidity of the sensing member 400. Therefore, when the sensing member 400 is loaded and aligned during the process of connecting the busbar assembly 200 and the sensing component 300 in the assembly process of the battery pack 10, deformation or bending of the sensing member 400 can be prevented. As a result, compared with conventional battery packs, the battery pack 10 according to this disclosure has the effect of significantly improving assembly efficiency and reducing failure rate. Furthermore, in the battery pack 10 according to this disclosure, since the support member 500 can enhance the rigidity of the sensing member 400, the sensing member 400 can be manufactured thinner, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery pack 10.

[0080] Additionally, the sensing component 300 can be configured such that the busbar assembly 200 is disposed between the plurality of battery cells 110 or the cell array structure 100 and the sensing component 300. For example, the plurality of battery cells 110 or the cell array structure 100 can be disposed on the lower side of the busbar assembly 200 (in the -Z direction), and the sensing component 300 can be disposed on the upper side of the busbar assembly 200 (in the +Z direction).

[0081] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the sensing component and the busbar component are configured as an integrated component.

[0082] Reference Figure 5 In another embodiment of the battery pack 10 according to this disclosure, the sensing component 300 and the busbar assembly 200 can be configured as an integrated component. Specifically, the sensing component 300 and the busbar assembly 200 can be configured as an integrated component at one time.

[0083] Therefore, the assembly of the battery pack 10 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure can be performed by a process of connecting a plurality of battery cells 110 and an integrated assembly of a sensing component 300 and a busbar assembly 200.

[0084] As described above, the assembly process of the battery pack 10 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include connecting a plurality of battery cells 110 and a busbar assembly 200, and connecting the busbar assembly 200 and a sensing assembly 300. However, the battery pack 10 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure can be assembled by a single process of connecting a plurality of battery cells 110 to an integrated assembly of the sensing assembly 300 and the busbar assembly 200. This further improves the assembly efficiency of the battery pack 10.

[0085] Furthermore, the support member 500 of the sensing component 300 can also enhance the rigidity of the busbar assembly 200. Therefore, when the busbar assembly 200 is connected to multiple battery cells 110, the support member 500 can prevent the busbar assembly 200 from deforming or bending. Thus, the assembly efficiency of the battery pack 10 can be further improved, and the defect rate can be further reduced.

[0086] In the following text, reference will be made to Figures 1 to 4 A battery pack according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail.

[0087] The sensing component 400 can be a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB). A flexible printed circuit board can be understood as a printed circuit board (PCB) that is flexible by using polymer materials.

[0088] When the sensing component 400 is used as a flexible circuit board, it has the following advantages: the sensing component 400 can be manufactured into various thin shapes and structures, and the sensing component 400 can be miniaturized and lightweight. However, when the sensing component 400 becomes flexible, there may be a disadvantage that the stiffness of the sensing component 400 becomes lower.

[0089] The battery pack 10 according to this disclosure may have a support member 500 connected to a sensing member 400, which is a flexible printed circuit board. Therefore, the battery pack 10 according to this disclosure can solve all the disadvantages of conventional battery packs described above, while possessing all the advantages of a flexible printed circuit board as described above.

[0090] The support member 500 may include a rigid insulating material. As a result, the support member 500 can ensure insulation performance while maintaining rigidity. For example, the support member 500 may include FR4 (glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate) material. FR4 is a glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate with excellent electrical insulation properties, excellent mechanical, chemical and thermal stability, and ease of molding and processing.

[0091] When the support member 500 includes a rigid insulating material, the support member 500 can firmly support the sensing member 400 and effectively prevent electricity from being transmitted to the outside through the sensing member 400.

[0092] The support member 500 and the sensing branch 410 can be configured to have corresponding shapes. For example, the support member 500 and the sensing branch 410 can be configured to have at least partially the same shape. For example, the second periphery 510 of the support member 500 and the first periphery 411 of the sensing branch 410, which will be described below, can be configured to have at least partially the same shape. The support member 500 and the sensing branch 410, configured to have corresponding shapes, can be arranged to overlap each other. For example, when viewed in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction), the support member 500 and the sensing branch 410 can be arranged to overlap each other.

[0093] As described above, when the support member 500 and the sensing branch 410 are configured to have corresponding shapes, there is an advantage that the support member 500 can firmly support the sensing branch 410, and that the support member 500 can be miniaturized and lightweight.

[0094] The support component 500 can be manufactured by injection molding. Specifically, the support component 500 can be manufactured by injection molding. The advantage of injection molding is that it can produce complex and precise shapes with very small molding errors, and can manufacture products quickly at low cost.

[0095] Therefore, when the support member 500 is manufactured by injection molding, even support members 500 with complex and precise shapes can be manufactured with very small molding errors, and support members 500 can be manufactured quickly at low cost, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency of support members 500.

[0096] The support member 500 and the sensing branch 410 can be bonded together. Specifically, the support member 500 and the sensing branch 410 can be bonded together and fixed to each other while facing each other. To bond the support member 500 and the sensing branch 410 together, a structural adhesive can be applied between the support member 500 and the sensing branch 410.

[0097] When the support member 500 and the sensing branch 410 are bonded together, they can be joined without separate components, making the battery pack 10 lighter and increasing its productivity. Furthermore, since the support member 500 can be firmly fixed and bonded to the sensing branch 410, it can support the sensing branch 410 more stably. Moreover, even if the support member 500 and the sensing branch 410 are configured to include different materials, they can be effectively bonded together.

[0098] The sensing branch 410 can be formed to extend in one direction. The sensing branch 410 extending in one direction can be configured to intersect at least some of the plurality of battery cells 110 of the cell array structure 100. For example, the sensing branch 410 can be formed to extend along the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the cell array structure 100 and intersect with a plurality of corresponding battery cells 110 on the upper side of the cell array structure 100 (in the +Z direction). The support member 500 can be formed to extend longitudinally along the sensing branch 410. For example, when the sensing branch 410 is formed to extend along the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the cell array structure 100, the support member 500 can also be formed to extend along the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the cell array structure 100.

[0099] When the sensing branch 410 is formed to extend in one direction, the stiffness of the sensing branch 410 may be reduced, making the sensing branch 410 prone to deformation or bending. However, if the support member 500 is formed to extend along the longitudinal direction of the sensing branch 410, the support member 500 can effectively support the sensing branch 410 with reduced stiffness, thereby preventing the support member 500 from easily deforming or bending.

[0100] The support member 500 can be disposed on the opposite side of the busbar assembly 200 relative to the sensing branch 410. Specifically, the support member 500 can be arranged such that the sensing branch 410 is located between the busbar assembly 200 and the support member 500. For example, the busbar assembly 200 can be disposed below the sensing branch 410 (in the -Z direction), and the support member 500 can be disposed above the sensing branch 410 (in the +Z direction).

[0101] As described above, if the support member 500 is disposed on the opposite side of the busbar assembly 200 relative to the sensing branch 410, the sensing branch 410 can be connected to the busbar assembly 200 more directly, and the connection between the sensing branch 410 and the busbar assembly 200 can be prevented from interfering with the support member 500.

[0102] Figure 6 This is an exploded perspective view showing the cell array structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0103] In the following text, reference will be made to Figure 6 The cell array structure 100 is described in more detail below. The battery cell 110 of the cell array structure 100 may include electrodes 111 and 112. Electrodes 111 and 112 may include a positive electrode 111 and a negative electrode 112. Electrodes 111 and 112 may be disposed on the upper side (in the +Z direction) of the battery cell 110. The positive electrode 111 may be disposed inside electrodes 111 and 112, and the negative electrode 112 may be disposed along the outer periphery of the positive electrode 111.

[0104] Multiple battery cells 110 can be arranged along one direction (hereinafter referred to as a row of battery cells 110). For example, the rows of battery cells 110 can be arranged to form a row along the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the cell array structure 100.

[0105] The cell array structure 100 may include side frames 120 and 130. The side frames 120 and 130 may be configured to store and support multiple battery cells 110.

[0106] Side frames 120 and 130 may include sidewalls 120 and side structures 130. Sidewalls 120 may be located on the outermost side of side frames 120 and 130 and may store and support multiple battery cells 110 on one side. Sidewalls 120 may extend along the longitudinal direction of the rows of battery cells 110. For example, sidewalls 120 may extend along the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the cell array structure 100. Side structures 130 may be located outside the outermost side of side frames 120 and 130 and may store and support multiple battery cells 110 on both sides. Side structures 130 may extend along the longitudinal direction of the rows of battery cells 110. For example, side structures 130 may extend along the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the cell array structure 100.

[0107] Additionally, as described above, the sensing branch 410 can be formed to extend along one direction, and the sensing branch 410 can be formed to extend in a direction that intersects the longitudinal direction of the sidewall 120 and the side structure 130. Furthermore, the sensing branch 410 can be formed to extend in a direction that intersects the row of battery cells 110.

[0108] The sensing component 400 may include a connection portion 420. At least one sensing branch 410 may be connected to the connection portion 420. For example, multiple sensing branches 410 may be connected to a single connection portion 420. Sensing information of the battery cell 110 obtained from the respective sensing branches 410 may be transmitted to the connection portion 420 and integrated.

[0109] The connecting portion 420 can be formed to extend in a direction intersecting the sensing branch 410. For example, if the sensing branch 410 is formed to extend in the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the cell array structure 100, the connecting portion 420 can be formed to extend in the length direction (X-direction) of the cell array structure 100. The connecting portion 420 can be provided on the outermost part of the cell array structure 100. For example, the connecting portion 420 can be provided on the sidewall 120.

[0110] The sensing component 400 may also include a connector 430. The connector 430 can be sent to the BMS described below. The connector 430 can be connected to the connection portion 420.

[0111] Figure 7 This is an exploded perspective view showing the busbar assembly of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0112] The following is for reference Figure 7 The busbar assembly 200 will be described in detail below. The busbar assembly 200 may include sub-busbar units 210.

[0113] The sub-busbar unit 210 can be connected to the electrodes 111 and 112 of each of the multiple battery cells 110. The sub-busbar unit 210 may include a bidirectional busbar 211 and a unidirectional busbar 212.

[0114] The bidirectional busbar 211 can be connected to the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 on both sides. The bidirectional busbar 211 can be formed to extend integrally in the length direction (X-axis direction) of the cell array structure 100, but it can also be connected to the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 on both sides (-Y direction and +Y direction) in the width direction of the cell array structure 100.

[0115] The unidirectional busbar 212 can be connected to the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 on one side. The unidirectional busbar 212 can be formed to extend along the length direction (X-axis direction) of the cell array structure, but can also be connected to the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 on one side along the width direction (-Y direction or +Y direction) of the cell array structure 100. The bidirectional busbar and the unidirectional busbar 212 can each include the positive electrode connection portion 213 and / or the negative electrode connection portion 214, as described later.

[0116] The busbar assembly 200 may include busbar covers 220 and 230. Busbar covers 220 and 230 may also be configured to cover the upper side (+Z direction) of a plurality of battery cells 110. Busbar covers 220 and 230 may be configured to be made of insulating material.

[0117] Busbar covers 220 and 230 may be configured to be connected to each other between sub-busbar units 210. Specifically, busbar covers 220 and 230 may include a first busbar cover 220 and a second busbar cover 230. The first busbar cover 220 may cover the upper side (in the Z direction) of the sub-busbar unit 210. The second busbar cover 230 may cover the lower side (in the -Z direction) of the sub-busbar unit 210.

[0118] Guide openings 221 and 231 may be formed in busbar covers 220 and 230. Guide openings 221 and 231 may expose the connection portions between the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 and the sub-busbar unit 210, thereby guiding the connection between the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 and the sub-busbar unit 210. Guide openings 221 and 231 may include a first guide opening 221 and a second guide opening 231. The first guide opening 221 may be formed in the first busbar cover 220, and the second guide opening 231 may be formed in the second busbar cover 230. The first guide opening 221 and the second guide opening 231 may be formed in corresponding shapes.

[0119] Figure 8 This is a plan view illustrating a battery pack with a busbar assembly and a sensing assembly connected to a cell array structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Enlarged plan view of region A in the diagram. Figure 10 This is an enlarged plan view showing the sensing branch in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 11 This is an enlarged plan view showing a support member in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0120] In the following text, reference will be made to Figures 8 to 11 The sensing component 300 according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail.

[0121] The sensing branch 410 may include a first periphery 411. The first periphery 411 exposes the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 to the outside. The first periphery 411 may have at least a partial opening, allowing the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 to be exposed to the outside. For example, the central portion of the first periphery 411 may be formed to have an opening in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). The first periphery 411 may be formed at a position corresponding to the guide openings 221 and 231 of the busbar covers 220 and 230. The electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 can be exposed to the outside through the first periphery 411 and the guide openings 221 and 231.

[0122] The first periphery 411 may surround the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110. Specifically, the first periphery 411 may surround the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110, such that the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 are exposed to the outside. The first periphery 411 may be formed to surround the guide openings 221 and 231 of the busbar covers 220 and 230. The first periphery 411 may be formed to be larger than the guide openings 221 and 231 of the busbar covers 220 and 230. The sub-busbar unit 210 may include a positive electrode connection portion 213 and a negative electrode connection portion 214 connected to the positive electrode 111 and the negative electrode 112 of the battery cell 110. The positive electrode connection portions 213 and 214 connected to the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 may be exposed through the guide openings 221 and 231. The guide openings 221 and 231 may be exposed through the first periphery 411. Therefore, the positive electrode connection portion 213 and the negative electrode connection portion 214 of the electrodes 111 and 112 connected to the battery cell 110 can be exposed through the guide openings 221 and 231 and the first periphery 411.

[0123] The support member 500 may include a second periphery 510. The second periphery 510 may be configured to correspond to the shape of the first periphery 411. For example, the second periphery 510 may be configured to have at least partially the same shape as the first periphery 411. For example, the inner periphery (excluding certain portions) of the second periphery 510 may be configured to have the same shape as the inner periphery of the first periphery 411. For example, the outer periphery of the second periphery 510 may be configured to have the same shape as the outer periphery of the first periphery 411. Similar to the first periphery 411, the second periphery 510 may surround the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110, such that the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 may be exposed to the outside.

[0124] As described above, when the sensing branch 410 includes a first periphery 411 and the support member 500 includes a second periphery 510, the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 can be effectively exposed. Furthermore, the stress applied to the sensing branch 410 can be dispersed, and the support member 500 can support the sensing branch 410 over a larger area, thereby further enhancing the rigidity of the sensing member 400.

[0125] Figure 12 This is an enlarged top view of a support member in a battery pack, illustrating a modified embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0126] The following is for reference Figure 12A modified battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. The modified battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a first periphery 411 of a sensing branch 410 formed in a polygonal or circular shape and a second periphery 510 of a support member 500.

[0127] For example, the second periphery 510 can be formed as a hexagon, in which case the stiffness of the support member 500 can be further increased (see...). Figure 11 For example, the second perimeter 510 can be formed as a square, such as... Figure 12 As shown in (a). However, the second periphery 510 is not limited to the shape described above, and can be formed into a polygonal shape other than a hexagon or a square. Additionally, the second periphery 510 can be formed into a circle, such as... Figure 12 As shown in (b). In addition, although not shown in the figure, some portions of the second periphery 510 can be formed into a polygonal shape, and the remaining portions can be configured into a circular shape.

[0128] The first periphery 411 can be formed into a shape corresponding to the second periphery 510. Therefore, although in Figure 12 Only the second periphery 510 is shown in the diagram, but in a variant of the battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the shape of the first periphery 411 can be understood as corresponding to the shape of the second periphery 510.

[0129] As described above, when the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510 are formed as polygons or circles, the sensing member 400 and the support member 500 can be configured in various shapes. Therefore, there is an advantage that the sensing member 400 and the support member 500 can be configured in shapes optimized for the structure of the cell array structure 100 or the busbar assembly 200.

[0130] Additionally, multiple first perimeters 411 and multiple second perimeters 510 can be provided, and the multiple first perimeters 411 and multiple second perimeters 510 can be connected to each other via first bridge 412 and second bridge 520, which will be described later.

[0131] Figure 13 yes Figure 9 An enlarged top view of area B. Figure 14 It is shown in Figure 13 A top view of the metal plate added to the middle.

[0132] The following is for reference Figure 12 and Figure 13 The first weld W1 and the second weld W2 of the battery pack 10 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail.

[0133] Reference Figure 13The sensing branch 410 and the sub-busbar unit 210 can be welded to each other at the first weld W1, and the electrodes 111 and 112 of the sub-busbar unit 210 and the battery cell 110 can be welded to each other at the second weld W2.

[0134] The first weld W1 can be understood as the portion where the sensing branch 410 and the sub-busbar unit 210 are welded together. Here, the weld can be laser welding. The first weld W1 can be formed at a location adjacent to the sensing branch 410. For example, the first weld W1 can be formed within the first perimeter 411. In the case where the busbar assembly 200 includes a first busbar cover 220, the first busbar cover 220 can be disposed between the sensing branch 410 and the sub-busbar unit 210. A weld opening 222 can be formed in the first busbar cover 220 to expose the sub-busbar unit 210. As shown in the figures, the first weld W1 can be understood as the area or portion surrounding the weld opening 222.

[0135] The second weld W2 can be understood as the portion where the sub-busbar unit 210 and the electrodes 111 and 112 of the battery cell 110 are welded together. Here, the weld can be laser welding. The second weld W2 can also be understood as the portion where the positive electrode 111 of the battery cell 110 is welded to the positive electrode connection portion 213 of the sub-busbar unit 210, and the portion where the negative electrode 112 of the battery cell 110 is welded to the negative electrode connection portion 214 of the sub-busbar unit 210. When the busbar assembly 200 includes busbar covers 220 and 230, the second weld W2 can be formed inside the guide openings 221 and 231.

[0136] The first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510 may not cover the first weld W1 and the second weld W2. Specifically, when viewed from the direction in which the welding equipment for welding is introduced, the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510 may not cover the first weld W1 and the second weld W2. For example, if the welding equipment is introduced along the vertical direction (Z-axis direction), then when viewed along the vertical direction (Z-axis direction), the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510 may not cover the first weld W1 and the second weld W2.

[0137] Furthermore, the first weld W1 may be formed within a portion of the inner periphery of the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510. For example, if the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510 are polygonal in shape, the first weld W1 may be formed in a region adjacent to the inner edges of the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510. For example, if the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510 are circular, the first weld W1 may be formed in a region adjacent to the inner edges of the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510. Additionally, the second weld W2 may be formed spaced apart from the inner periphery of the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510.

[0138] As described above, when the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510 are configured not to cover the first weld W1 and the second weld W2, the first weld W1 and the second weld W2 will not interfere with the first periphery 411 and the second periphery 510 during the welding operation, thereby maximizing the efficiency of the welding operation. Alternatively, a relatively wide gap can be formed around the first weld W1 and the second weld W2, thereby maximizing the efficiency of the welding action.

[0139] Reference Figure 14 The sensing branch 410 may include a metal plate N. The metal plate N can guide the welding connection between the sensing branch 410 and the sub-busbar unit 210. The metal plate N can be disposed at the first weld W1. Therefore, the sensing branch 410 and the sub-busbar unit 210 can be welded to each other at the first weld W1 via the metal plate N. The metal plate N can be disposed on the welding opening 222. Therefore, the sensing branch 410 and the sub-busbar unit 210 can be welded to each other at the welding opening 222 via the metal plate N.

[0140] The metal plate N can be connected to a portion of the inner periphery of the first periphery 411. The metal plate N can be formed to extend from the first periphery 411 to the sub-busbar unit 210. The metal plate N can also be configured as a thin plate containing metallic material.

[0141] The support member 500 can support the metal plate N. Specifically, the support member 500 can directly support the metal plate N, and in this case, the metal plate N can be configured to be directly connected to the second periphery 510.

[0142] Alternatively, the support member 500 may indirectly support the metal plate N, and in this case, the metal plate N may be configured to be connected to the first periphery 411 instead of the second periphery 510. In the case where the support member 500 indirectly supports the metal plate N, the support member 500 can indirectly support the metal plate N by supporting the first periphery 411 connected to the metal plate N.

[0143] In addition, in order to effectively support the metal plate N, the support member 500 can also be constructed as a polygon or a circle as described above. In particular, when the support member 500 is constructed as a hexagon, the metal plate N can be supported more effectively.

[0144] The support member 500 can support the metal plate N, which may deform or bend during the welding process, thereby firmly supporting the metal plate N. Therefore, the workability and quality of the weld can be maximized during the welding process.

[0145] Metal plate N can also be configured as a nickel plate. The nickel plate may include nickel (Ni) material. Nickel has excellent strength and corrosion resistance, as well as excellent resistance to high-temperature cracking and cooling cracking, thus having the advantage of being able to form high-quality weld beads.

[0146] Figure 15 This is an enlarged plan view showing a portion of a sensing component according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0147] In the following text, reference will be made to Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 15 The sensing branch 410 and the support member 500 according to embodiments of the present disclosure are described in more detail.

[0148] The sensing branch 410 may include a plurality of first peripheries 411. The plurality of first peripheries 411 may be arranged in a row. For example, the plurality of first peripheries 411 may be arranged in a row along the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the cell array structure 100. The sensing branch 410 may include at least one first bridge 412. The first bridge 412 may connect the plurality of first peripheries 411. Specifically, the first bridge 412 may be disposed between two first peripheries 411 to connect the two first peripheries 411 to each other. The first bridge 412 may be integrally formed with the first peripheries 411.

[0149] The support member 500 may include a plurality of second peripheries 510 corresponding to the first periphery 411. That is, the support member 500 may include a plurality of second peripheries 510, the number, position and shape of which correspond to the number and shape of the first periphery 411.

[0150] The support member 500 may include at least one second bridge 520 corresponding to the first bridge 412. That is, the support member 500 may include at least one second bridge 520, the number, position, and shape of which correspond to the number and shape of the first bridge 412. The second bridge 520 may connect multiple second peripheries 510. Specifically, the second bridge 520 may be disposed between two second peripheries 510 to connect the two second peripheries 510 to each other. The second bridge 520 may be integrally formed with the second peripheries 510.

[0151] As described above, when the sensing branch 410 and the support member 500 include the first bridge 412 and the second bridge 520, the rigidity of the sensing member 400 can be maintained, while the sensing member 400 can be miniaturized and its weight reduced.

[0152] The first bridge 412 may have a width L1. The second bridge 520 may have a width L2. The width L2 of the second bridge 520 may be configured to be greater than the width L1 of the first bridge 412. In this case, when viewed from above (in the +Z direction), the second bridge 520 may be configured to cover the first bridge 412.

[0153] When the first bridge 412 and the second bridge 520 are configured as described above, the second bridge 520 can more firmly support the first bridge 412, thereby further enhancing the rigidity of the sensing component 400.

[0154] The following is for reference Figure 5 The following describes a battery pack 10 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. In the battery pack 10 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the busbar assembly 200 can be connected to the battery cell 110 and the sensing assembly 300, and the busbar assembly 200 can be pre-connected to the sensing assembly 300 and then provided before being connected to the battery cell 110.

[0155] Specifically, in the battery pack 10, the battery cells 110 of the cell array structure 100 and the busbar assembly 200 can be connected, and the busbar assembly 200 can be connected to the sensing component 300. That is, the battery cells 110, the busbar assembly 200, and the sensing component 300 of the cell array structure 100 can be connected to each other. For example, as described above, the battery cells 110 and the busbar assembly 200 can be soldered, and the busbar assembly 200 and the sensing component 300 can be soldered.

[0156] In this configuration, the number of steps required to assemble the battery pack 10 can be reduced, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the battery pack 10. Furthermore, since a sensing component 300 is provided connected to the busbar assembly 200, the support member 500 of the sensing component 300 can also enhance the rigidity of the busbar assembly 200. Therefore, when assembling the battery pack 10, the support member 500 can enhance the rigidity of the busbar assembly 200, thereby preventing the busbar assembly 200 from deforming or bending, thus improving the assembly efficiency of the battery pack 10 and significantly reducing the failure rate.

[0157] Busbar assembly 200 may include multiple connecting busbars 211 and 212. Specifically, as described above, busbar assembly 200 may include sub-busbar units 210, which may include multiple connecting busbars 211 and 212, such as bidirectional connecting busbar 211 and unidirectional connecting busbar 212. Sensing component 300 may be coupled to multiple connecting busbars. Preferably, sensing component 300 may be coupled to all of the multiple connecting busbars.

[0158] The cell array structure 100 can be configured over a large area to improve energy density. The sub-busbar unit 210 may include multiple connecting busbars 211 and 212 corresponding to the large-area cell array structure 100. As described above, when the sub-busbar unit 210 has multiple connecting busbars 211 and 212, the sub-busbar unit 210 is most prone to deformation or bending during battery pack 10 assembly.

[0159] However, as described above, if the sensing component 300 is connected to multiple connecting busbars 211 and 212, the sensing component 300 can stably support the high-rigidity busbar assembly 200, thereby maximizing the energy density of the battery pack 10, while improving the assembly efficiency of the battery pack 10 and reducing the failure rate of the battery pack 10.

[0160] Return to reference Figure 1 The battery pack housing 600 of the battery pack 10 according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail. The battery pack 10 according to the present disclosure may include the battery pack housing 600. The battery pack housing 600 may be configured to store a cell array structure 100. Storage space for the cell array structure 100 may be formed inside the battery pack housing 600. The battery pack housing 600 may include a structure of sidewalls, a bottom plate, and a battery pack cover.

[0161] Return to reference Figure 6 The cell array structure 100 will be described in more detail below. The cell array structure 100 may also include a cooling unit 140. The cooling unit 140 may be configured to cool a plurality of battery cells 110 and may be configured to contact the sides of the battery cells 110. The cooling unit 140 may be disposed between two rows of adjacent battery cells 110. The cooling unit 140 may be configured to extend along the length direction (X-axis direction) of the cell array structure 100.

[0162] Additionally, although not shown, the battery pack 10 according to this disclosure may also include various devices for controlling the charging and discharging of the battery cells 100, such as a BMS (Battery Management System), a current sensor, and a fuse.

[0163] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0164] The following reference Figure 16The battery pack 10 according to this disclosure can be applied to a vehicle V such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. That is, the vehicle V of this disclosure may also include the battery pack 10 of this disclosure. The battery pack 10 may be installed in the vehicle body frame under the vehicle seat or in the luggage compartment space. In addition to the battery pack 10, the vehicle V according to embodiments of this disclosure may also include various other components included in the vehicle. For example, in addition to the battery pack 10 according to embodiments of this disclosure, the vehicle V according to embodiments of this disclosure may also include a vehicle body, a motor, an ECU (electronic control unit), and other control devices.

[0165] Furthermore, it is obvious that, in addition to the vehicle V, the battery pack 10 according to the embodiments of this disclosure can also be installed in other equipment, devices and facilities such as energy storage systems using secondary batteries.

[0166] Furthermore, although terms indicating directions such as up, down, left, right, front, and back are used in this specification, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains that these terms are merely for convenience of interpretation with reference to the accompanying drawings and may vary depending on the position of the target object or the observer's position.

[0167] As described above, although this disclosure has been described with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and various modifications and variations are possible without departing from the technical spirit of this disclosure and the equivalent scope of the claims described below by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0168] [Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures]

[0169] 10: Battery Pack

[0170] 100: Cell array structure

[0171] 110: Battery Cells

[0172] 111: Positive electrode

[0173] 112: Negative electrode

[0174] 120: Side wall

[0175] 130: Side structure

[0176] 140: Cooling unit

[0177] 200: Busbar Component

[0178] 210: Sub-busbar unit

[0179] 211: Bidirectional connection bus bar

[0180] 212: One-way connection bus bar

[0181] 213: Positive electrode connection part

[0182] 214: Negative electrode connection part

[0183] 220: First busbar cover

[0184] 221: First guide opening

[0185] 222: Welding opening

[0186] 230: Second busbar cover

[0187] 231: Second guide opening

[0188] 300: Sensing Components

[0189] 400: Sensing component

[0190] 410: Sensing Branch

[0191] 411: First Surrounding Area

[0192] 412: The First Bridge

[0193] 420: Connection part

[0194] 430: Connector

[0195] 500: Supporting component

[0196] 510: Second Surrounding Area

[0197] 520: The Second Bridge

[0198] 600: Battery pack casing

[0199] W1: First Weld

[0200] W2: Second weld

[0201] N: Metal plate

[0202] V: Vehicle

Claims

1. A battery pack, the battery pack comprising: Multiple battery cells; A busbar assembly connected to the battery cell; as well as At least one sensing component connected to the busbar assembly, The sensing component includes: A sensing component, the sensing component including at least one sensing branch, the at least one sensing branch being configured to sense at least some of the plurality of battery cells; and At least one support member is connected to the sensing branch and configured to support the sensing branch.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, in, The sensing component and the busbar component are configured as an integrated component.

3. The battery pack according to claim 1, in, The sensing component is a flexible printed circuit board.

4. The battery pack according to claim 1, in, The supporting member comprises a rigid insulating material.

5. The battery pack according to claim 1, in, The support member and the sensing branch are configured to correspond to each other in shape.

6. The battery pack according to claim 1, in, The support component is manufactured by injection molding.

7. The battery pack according to claim 1, in, The support member and the sensing branch are bonded together.

8. The battery pack according to claim 1, in, The sensing branches are formed to extend in one direction, and The support member is formed to extend along the longitudinal direction of the sensing branch.

9. The battery pack according to claim 1, in, The support member is positioned on the opposite side of the busbar assembly relative to the sensing branch.

10. The battery pack according to claim 1, in, The sensing branch includes a first periphery configured to expose the electrodes of the battery cell to the outside and surround the electrodes of the battery cell. The supporting member includes a second periphery, which has a shape corresponding to the first periphery.

11. The battery pack according to claim 10, in, The busbar assembly includes sub-busbar units, which are connected to the electrodes of the battery cell. The sensing branch and the sub-busbar unit are welded together at the first weld point. The electrodes of the sub-busbar unit and the battery cell are welded together at the second welding point, and Wherein, the first periphery and the second periphery do not cover the first weld and the second weld.

12. The battery pack according to claim 11, in, The sensing branch includes a metal plate configured to guide a welding connection with the sub-busbar unit, and The supporting member is configured to support the metal plate.

13. The battery pack according to claim 12, in, The metal plate is configured as a nickel plate.

14. The battery pack according to claim 10, in, The sensing branch includes: The plurality of first peripheries arranged in a row; and At least one first bridge, the at least one first bridge being configured to connect a plurality of first perimeters, and The supporting components include: A plurality of second peripheries corresponding to a plurality of first peripheries; and At least one second bridge corresponding to the at least one first bridge.

15. The battery pack according to claim 14, in, The width of the second bridge is made to be greater than the width of the first bridge.

16. The battery pack according to claim 1, in, The busbar assembly is connected to the battery cell and the sensing assembly, and The busbar assembly is pre-connected to the sensing assembly before being connected to the battery cell and then provided.

17. The battery pack according to claim 16, in, The busbar assembly includes a sub-busbar unit, which includes multiple connecting busbars connected to the electrodes of the battery cell. The sensing component is connected to the plurality of connection busbars.

18. A vehicle comprising at least one battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

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