Intelligent physical sign monitoring system for pet anesthesia period and drying system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedical engineering, and particularly relates to intelligent sign monitoring for a pet anesthesia period and a drying system, which comprises a non-intrusive multi-band biological impedance spectroscopy technology, fusion of vital signs and environmental parameter monitoring, real-time evaluation of pet hydration state and electrolyte balance through a core processing module, and real-time monitoring of pet drying. And the environmental parameters are adaptively regulated and controlled. By means of the biological impedance spectroscopy technology, dynamic changes of extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid in a pet body can be directly perceived, and therefore the dehydration risk is recognized in the early stage before hysteresis changes of traditional vital signs occur; through a self-adaptive regulation and control strategy, rapid dehydration and electrolyte disorder caused by drying or anesthesia are actively prevented, the system has high integration, intelligence and safety, and the physiological safety of small pets in the anesthesia period and the drying process can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biomedical engineering technology, specifically an intelligent vital sign monitoring system for pets during anesthesia and drying. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of pet medical care, the management of pets during anesthesia and the drying process are of paramount importance. Anesthesia inhibits a pet's autoregulatory functions, making them more sensitive to environmental changes. During the drying process, especially for small pets with a larger surface area to volume ratio, hot air circulation can accelerate the evaporation of surface moisture, leading to physiological imbalances. Therefore, developing an intelligent vital sign monitoring system adapted to these scenarios is a key requirement for mitigating risks such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

[0003] Current monitoring technologies are mostly based on multi-sensor integration solutions, collecting core vital signs of pets such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature. For example, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation are monitored using electrocardiogram sensors and pulse oximeters, body temperature is detected using infrared thermometers, and respiratory status is assessed using respiratory sensors. These solutions can identify acute critical conditions such as high fever and cardiac arrest through threshold warning mechanisms, providing basic safety assurance for pets, and are widely used in clinical and nursing settings.

[0004] However, existing technologies have core limitations: they only focus on early warning of overt vital signs such as cardiopulmonary function and body temperature, neglecting real-time and accurate monitoring of pets' hydration status, and are particularly unsuitable for the rapid dehydration risks of small pets. Existing monitoring parameters show a significant lag in responding to changes in hydration status. Specifically, in the early stages of dehydration, indicators such as body temperature and heart rate do not fluctuate significantly; by the time these indicators become abnormal, the pet is already in a state of moderate to severe dehydration, missing the opportunity for intervention. More importantly, existing technologies lack the ability to perceive dynamic changes in fluid compartments such as extracellular and intracellular fluid within the pet's body, making it impossible to directly assess the degree of dehydration and the risk of electrolyte imbalance, thus failing to meet the needs of scenario-specific, precise protection.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an intelligent vital sign monitoring system for pets during anesthesia and drying. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: The present invention provides an intelligent vital sign monitoring system for pet anesthesia and drying, comprising a pet carrying module, a multi-band bioimpedance spectrum sensing module, a traditional vital sign monitoring module, an environmental parameter sensing module, a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a core processing and control module, and an environmental regulation execution module.

[0008] The pet-bearing module is located in the anesthesia area or inside the drying chamber. Its design conforms to the physiological characteristics of pets and ensures that the pet maintains a stable and comfortable posture during monitoring and control. The surface of the module integrates multiple bioimpedance spectroscopy electrodes. Each bioimpedance spectroscopy electrode consists of at least four sheet-like electrodes made of medical-grade stainless steel or silver chloride (Ag / AgCl) arranged in a planar array to ensure reliable contact with the pet's skin. The electrode array includes at least two excitation electrodes and at least two measurement electrodes, with an optimized geometry to achieve bioelectrical impedance measurements of the pet's entire body or specific areas.

[0009] The multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy sensing module is electrically connected to the bioimpedance spectroscopy electrodes integrated into the pet carrier module. The multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy sensing module includes a multi-frequency excitation signal generator and an impedance measurement unit. The multi-frequency excitation signal generator applies a safe AC constant current signal in the microampere range (10 μA to 100 μA peak-to-peak) to the excitation electrode. This signal's frequency range covers from low frequency (1 kHz) to high frequency (1 MHz) to characterize the impedance characteristics of extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF). The impedance measurement unit includes a high-input-impedance, low-noise differential amplifier for receiving voltage signals from the measurement electrodes and is further connected to a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a digital signal processor (DSP). The DSP performs phase-sensitive detection (based on the lock-in amplifier principle) to accurately extract resistance at different frequencies from the complex voltage signal. and reactance Quantity.

[0010] The conventional vital signs monitoring module is used to acquire the pet's core vital signs parameters. The module includes: a non-contact or contact infrared temperature sensor for real-time monitoring of the pet's core body temperature; a respiratory sensor, either a piezoelectric sensor based on chest and abdominal movement or an airflow sensor based on a thermistor, for monitoring respiratory rate; and a pulse oximeter for monitoring heart rate and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). The pulse oximeter can be a finger clip or tongue clip design and includes red and infrared light emitting diodes and a photodetector. The data collected by the conventional vital signs monitoring module is transmitted to the data acquisition and preprocessing module after analog-to-digital conversion.

[0011] The environmental parameter sensing module is used to monitor the environmental conditions of the drying chamber or anesthesia operation area in real time. The module includes: a high-precision digital temperature and humidity sensor for measuring ambient temperature and relative humidity; and an airflow velocity sensor for measuring the drying airflow velocity. The data collected by the environmental parameter sensing module is transmitted to the data acquisition and preprocessing module after analog-to-digital conversion.

[0012] The data acquisition and preprocessing module is responsible for receiving raw data from the multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy sensing module, the traditional vital signs monitoring module, and the environmental parameter sensing module.

[0013] The module performs precise analog-to-digital conversion on the received analog signal and preprocesses the digital signal, including but not limited to: The data acquisition and preprocessing module performs denoising filtering (Kalman filtering or wavelet denoising), baseline drift correction, power frequency interference suppression, and data formatting. It further performs data synchronization to ensure the consistency of timestamps across all sensor data, providing an accurate data foundation for subsequent fusion analysis.

[0014] The core processing and control module is the core intelligent unit of this system, electrically connected to the data acquisition and preprocessing module and the environmental control execution module. The core processing and control module includes a high-performance microprocessor or embedded controller, and incorporates dedicated software algorithms. The functions of the core processing and control module include: Bioimpedance Spectrum Data Analysis Unit: Receives the resistance and reactance data processed by the multi-band bioimpedance spectrum sensing module, and calculates the equivalent circuit parameters of the pet's body, including extracellular fluid resistance (Re) and intracellular fluid resistance, based on the Pet-Specific Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (PS-BIA) model. and cell membrane capacitance The PS-BIA model is based on a large amount of pet physiological data and uses nonlinear regression or neural network algorithms to correlate vital signs (such as weight, body size, and breed) with impedance model parameters.

[0015] The bioimpedance spectroscopy data analysis unit further utilizes the Hanai or Grahame model from... and The system inverts the extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and intracellular fluid volume (ICFV) of a pet, and calculates the ECFV / ICFV ratio and total body water content (TBW). The inversion process is calibrated based on preset pet species and weight coefficients.

[0016] The multi-parameter fusion and status assessment unit receives ICFV, ECFV, and TBW data from the bioimpedance spectroscopy data analysis unit, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation data from the traditional vital signs monitoring module, and environmental temperature, humidity, and wind speed data from the environmental parameter sensing module. This unit utilizes a multimodal data fusion algorithm, based on a classification and regression model using support vector machine (SVM), random forest, or deep learning, to assess the pet's overall hydration and electrolyte balance in real time. The model learns the complex nonlinear relationships between various parameters and the degree of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance in historical data to identify early signs of dehydration. The model outputs a quantified hydration status index (HSI) and a risk level, simultaneously assessing the likelihood of electrolyte imbalance. A significant decrease in ECFV relative to its baseline or normal range, or an HSI value exceeding a preset safety threshold, indicates a risk of dehydration.

[0017] Intelligent regulation strategy generation unit: Based on the hydration state index and risk level output by the multi-parameter fusion and state assessment unit, and the pet's current anesthesia or drying stage, it dynamically generates environmental parameter regulation strategies. These strategies are based on a preset rule engine and adaptive control algorithm.

[0018] When a mild risk of dehydration is assessed, the strategy will trigger one or more of the following actions: slightly reduce the power of the drying chamber heater or the drying temperature, increase the ambient relative humidity, or slightly reduce the drying air velocity.

[0019] When a moderate risk of dehydration is assessed, the strategy will trigger one or more of the following actions: significantly reduce the power of the drying chamber heater or the drying temperature, significantly increase the ambient relative humidity, drastically reduce the drying air velocity, and activate the atomized water replenishment module to replenish the pet with small doses of water intermittently.

[0020] When a severe dehydration risk is assessed, the strategy will trigger one or more of the following actions: immediately stop the drying heating function, reduce the drying chamber temperature to a safe range, maximize the ambient relative humidity, stop the drying fan, and continuously activate the atomizing hydration module at maximum dosage. Simultaneously, the strategy will immediately trigger an audible and visual alarm and send an emergency notification to the caregiver's mobile terminal via a wireless communication module.

[0021] Safety monitoring and alarm unit: continuously monitors all vital signs and environmental parameters and compares them with preset safety thresholds.

[0022] When any parameter exceeds the safe range, an audible and visual alarm is immediately triggered and a notification is sent. The unit also includes a system self-test function to detect sensor malfunctions or system abnormalities and issue an alarm when a malfunction occurs.

[0023] Data storage and communication unit: Stores all collected, processed and analyzed data in built-in non-volatile memory for later review and analysis.

[0024] The data storage and communication unit also includes a wireless communication module for data transmission and remote control with external devices.

[0025] The environmental control execution module is electrically connected to the core processing and control module and receives control commands issued by it.

[0026] The environmental control module includes: an intelligent heating unit, composed of multiple power-adjustable PTC ceramic heating elements or infrared heating plates, used to regulate the temperature inside the drying chamber; a variable frequency fan unit, composed of multiple DC brushless fans, used to regulate the drying airflow speed and mode; a high-efficiency humidification unit, composed of an ultrasonic atomizer, used to inject water vapor into the drying chamber to increase humidity; and an atomization water replenishment unit, composed of a piezoelectric microporous mesh atomizer or ultrasonic atomizer, designed to spray fine water mist or saline mist onto the pet's body surface or respiratory area to directly replenish surface moisture or for absorption through the respiratory tract. The spray direction and flow rate of the atomization water replenishment unit can be precisely controlled to ensure uniform distribution of the water mist and that the water mist particle size is suitable for pet absorption.

[0027] Preferably, the system also includes a human-machine interface. This interface is implemented via a high-resolution touchscreen display, used to display real-time trend graphs and current values ​​of key parameters such as the pet's core body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, and the invention's unique hydration state index (HSI), ICFV, ECFV, and TBW. The interface also displays parameters such as ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The human-machine interface allows caregivers to set basic information such as the pet's breed and weight via touch operation, manually adjust drying or anesthesia environment parameters, and set alarm thresholds. The interface also provides historical data query and report generation functions.

[0028] Preferably, the intelligent vital sign monitoring method for pet anesthesia and drying systems includes the following steps: Bioimpedance spectroscopy data acquisition steps: A preset multi-band (1kHz to 1MHz) microampere-level AC constant current signal is applied to the pet's body through the multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy electrode integrated in the pet carrier module. The multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy sensing module simultaneously measures the voltage signal at different frequencies and calculates the corresponding resistance and reactance values.

[0029] Traditional vital signs and environmental parameter acquisition steps: The traditional vital signs monitoring module collects the pet's core body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation in real time. The environmental parameter sensing module collects ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed in real time.

[0030] Data preprocessing and feature extraction steps: The data acquisition and preprocessing module performs noise reduction, filtering, correction and synchronization processing on all acquired raw data to extract effective physiological and environmental feature parameters.

[0031] Hydration status and electrolyte balance assessment steps: The bioimpedance spectroscopy data analysis unit of the core processing and control module calculates extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), intracellular fluid volume (ICFV), and total body water content (TBW) based on the resistance and reactance values, combined with the pet's individual physiological parameters, using the Pet-Specific Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (PS-BIA) model, and calculates the ECFV / ICFV ratio. The multi-parameter fusion and status assessment unit further integrates parameters such as ECFV, ICFV, TBW, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, ambient temperature and humidity, and wind speed, and uses a pre-trained multimodal data fusion algorithm to assess the pet's overall hydration status index (HSI) and potential electrolyte imbalance risk level in real time.

[0032] Intelligent control strategy generation and execution steps: When the assessed hydration status index (HSI) or ECFV / ICFV ratio indicates that the pet is within the normal range, the intelligent control strategy generation unit maintains the current anesthesia or drying environment parameters unchanged, or makes routine adjustments according to a preset program.

[0033] When the assessed Hydration Status Index (HSI) or ECFV / ICFV ratio indicates that the pet is at mild risk of dehydration, the intelligent control strategy generation unit immediately generates and sends instructions to the environmental control execution module to reduce the power of the drying chamber heater or the drying temperature, increase the relative humidity of the environment, or reduce the drying wind speed to slow down moisture evaporation.

[0034] When the assessed Hydration Status Index (HSI) or ECFV / ICFV ratio indicates that the pet is at moderate risk of dehydration, the intelligent control strategy generation unit generates stronger control commands, significantly reducing the drying temperature, significantly increasing the ambient humidity, greatly reducing the wind speed, and activating the atomizing water replenishment unit for intermittent water replenishment.

[0035] When the assessed Hydration Status Index (HSI) or ECFV / ICFV ratio indicates a severe risk of dehydration in the pet, the intelligent control strategy generation unit immediately generates an emergency control command to stop the drying and heating function, maximize the ambient humidity, stop the fan operation, and activate the atomizing water replenishment unit for continuous water replenishment. Simultaneously, the safety monitoring and alarm unit immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm and sends an emergency notification.

[0036] Safety monitoring and early warning procedures: The safety monitoring and alarm unit continuously monitors all parameters. Once any parameter exceeds the preset safety threshold, or the system detects a potential danger, it immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm and a remote notification to prompt operators to intervene.

[0037] Data storage and analysis steps: All collected raw data, processed physiological parameters, evaluation results, control actions, and alarm records are stored in real time. This data can be used for historical trend analysis, system performance evaluation, and future algorithm optimization.

[0038] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through the above technical solution, this invention achieves real-time, non-invasive, and accurate monitoring of pet hydration status. By using bioimpedance spectroscopy, this invention can directly sense the dynamic changes in extracellular and intracellular fluids in pets, thereby identifying dehydration risks early, before traditional vital signs show delayed changes. This invention further integrates hydration status monitoring results with environmental parameters intelligently. Through an adaptive control strategy, it proactively prevents rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance caused by drying or anesthesia. The system is highly integrated, intelligent, and safe, and can significantly improve the physiological safety of small pets during anesthesia and drying processes, reduce the risk of complications, and improve animal welfare. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the intelligent vital sign monitoring system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pet carrying module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-band bioimpedance spectrum sensing module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the intelligent vital sign monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conventional vital signs monitoring module of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the environmental parameter sensing module of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition and preprocessing module of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the core processing and control module of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the environmental control execution module of the present invention.

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Pet carrying module; 2. Multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy sensing module; 3. Traditional vital sign monitoring module; 4. Environmental parameter sensing module; 5. Data acquisition and preprocessing module; 6. Core processing and control module; 7. Environmental regulation execution module; 8. Bioimpedance spectroscopy electrode; 9. Excitation electrode; 10. Measurement electrode; 11. Multi-frequency excitation signal generator; 12. Impedance measurement unit; 13. Differential amplifier; 14. High-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC); 15. Digital signal processor (DSP); 16. Non-contact or contact infrared sensor. 17. Temperature sensor; 18. Respiratory sensor; 19. Pulse oximeter; 20. High-precision digital temperature and humidity sensor; 21. Airflow sensor; 22. High-performance microprocessor or embedded controller; 23. Bioimpedance spectroscopy data analysis unit; 24. Multi-parameter fusion and status assessment unit; 25. Intelligent control strategy generation unit; 26. Safety monitoring and alarm unit; 27. Data storage and communication unit; 28. Intelligent heating unit; 29. ​​Variable frequency fan unit; 30. High-efficiency humidification unit; 31. Atomized water replenishment unit; 22. Human-machine interface. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an intelligent vital sign monitoring system for pet anesthesia and drying processes according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a pet support module 1. Its design fully considers the physiological characteristics and comfort of small pets (such as cats, dogs, and ferrets), ensuring that the pet maintains a stable and stress-free posture throughout the anesthesia or drying process. The substrate of the support module 1 is typically made of medical-grade polymer materials, such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK). These materials have good biocompatibility, chemical stability, and mechanical strength, and are easy to clean and disinfect. The surface of the support module 1 is integrally formed with multiple reinforcing ribs to enhance structural rigidity and a platform providing a mounting base for internal electronic modules.

[0044] The surface of the carrier module 1 is strategically integrated with multiple bioimpedance spectroscopy electrodes 8, which are in direct contact with the pet's skin to enable accurate bioimpedance measurements.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, these bioimpedance spectroscopy electrodes 8 consist of at least four sheet electrodes made of medical-grade stainless steel or silver chloride (Ag / AgCl). When stainless steel electrodes are selected, their thickness is typically 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm, and the surface is mirror-polished to ensure good contact with the skin and minimize contact resistance. When using Ag / AgCl electrodes, they are typically deposited on a flexible substrate using screen printing or coating processes, resulting in superior electrochemical stability in low-frequency measurements. These electrodes are arranged in a planar array, for example, a tetrapolar arrangement, where two excitation electrodes 9 are positioned at the distal ends of the pet's body (e.g., the roots of the forelimbs and hindlimbs), while the other two measurement electrodes 10 are positioned in the middle region of the body (e.g., the sides of the chest), enabling the measurement of bioelectrical impedance of the whole body or trunk region. This arrangement minimizes the influence of electrode-skin contact impedance on the measurement results. The excitation electrodes 9 are connected to the multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy sensing module 2 via ultra-low impedance wires, while the measurement electrodes 10 are connected via high input impedance shielded cables to minimize external noise interference. The electrode-pet skin contact surfaces are typically pre-coated with medical conductive gel to ensure stable and low-impedance electrical contact.

[0046] Furthermore, such as Figure 3As shown, this system integrates a multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy sensing module 2, which is electrically connected to the bioimpedance spectroscopy electrode 8 on the pet carrier module 1. This module is the core for achieving accurate assessment of hydration status. The multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy sensing module 2 mainly consists of a multi-frequency excitation signal generator 11 and an impedance measurement unit 12. The multi-frequency excitation signal generator 11 is based on a high-precision direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) chip (such as the ADIAD9833 or a similar chip) combined with a precision constant current source circuit (such as a Howland current pump circuit or an improved constant current source based on a high-precision operational amplifier) ​​to apply a safe AC constant current signal in the microamplitude range (typically set to 10 to 100 microamps peak-to-peak) to the excitation electrode 9. The output impedance of this constant current source is designed in the megaohm (MΩ) range to ensure a stable current even when the electrode contact impedance changes. The frequency range of the AC signal covers from low frequencies (e.g., 1 kHz) to high frequencies (e.g., 1 MHz), specifically including multiple discrete frequency points such as 1 kHz, 5 kHz, 10 kHz, 50 kHz, 100 kHz, 200 kHz, 500 kHz, and 1 MHz. These frequencies are chosen to characterize the impedance properties of extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF), respectively: low-frequency currents mainly pass through the extracellular fluid, while high-frequency currents can penetrate the cell membrane and enter the intracellular fluid.

[0047] The impedance measurement unit 12 is further composed of a high-input-impedance, low-noise differential amplifier 13, a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 14, and a digital signal processor (DSP) 15. The differential amplifier 13 (e.g., TIINA128 or AD8421) has extremely high input impedance (typically higher than 10 GΩ) to avoid loading the measurement circuitry and excellent common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR, typically higher than 100 dB) to effectively suppress common-mode noise. This amplifier receives the voltage signal from the measurement electrode 10, and after appropriate gain adjustment and anti-aliasing filtering, sends it to the high-precision ADC 14. The ADC 14 is typically a 24-bit or higher precision Σ-Δ ADC (e.g., AD7760 or ADS1299), with a sampling rate set between 20 kSPS and 200 kSPS to ensure accurate digitization of signals at different frequencies. The digitized voltage signal is then transmitted to the digital signal processor 15. DSP15 (such as the TITMS320C67x series or high-performance ARM Cortex-M series microcontrollers) performs complex signal processing tasks; The key component is the phase-sensitive detection algorithm based on the lock-in amplifier principle. This algorithm synchronously demodulates the input voltage signal with a reference signal of the same frequency, enabling it to accurately extract the resistance (R) component in phase with the excitation current and the quadrature reactance (X) component from a complex voltage signal filled with noise. In addition, the DSP15 performs functions such as digital filtering, gain calibration, and temperature compensation to ensure the accuracy and stability of impedance measurement results.

[0048] In order to obtain the pet's core vital signs parameters, such as Figure 5 As shown, this system is configured with a traditional vital signs monitoring module 3.

[0049] The vital signs monitoring module 3 includes: a non-contact or contact infrared temperature sensor 16, employing high-precision medical-grade infrared sensors such as the MLX90614 or ADT7320, for real-time monitoring of the pet's core body temperature, with a measurement accuracy of ±0.2°C. Non-contact sensors measure surface temperature via infrared radiation, while contact sensors (such as rectal probes) provide more accurate core body temperature.

[0050] Secondly, a respiratory sensor 17 is included, which is either a piezoelectric thin-film sensor (PVDF sensor) based on chest and abdominal movements or a high-sensitivity thermistor airflow sensor. The piezoelectric sensor detects respiratory rate and depth by capturing minute movements of the pet's chest and abdomen. Its sensing element is typically wrapped in flexible silicone or medical-grade fabric and attached to the pet's chest. The thermistor airflow sensor, on the other hand, calculates respiratory rate by measuring temperature changes in exhaled airflow from the nasal cavity or trachea. It has a fast response time and can detect respiratory rates of 10 to 100 breaths per minute.

[0051] Furthermore, a pulse oximeter 18, which can adopt a finger clip or tongue clip structure specifically designed for small animals, includes red and infrared emitting diodes (wavelengths of 660nm and 940nm, respectively) and a high-sensitivity photodetector. By measuring the difference in absorption of different wavelengths of light by oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin in the blood, the pulse oximeter can monitor the pet's heart rate and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in real time, with an accuracy of ±2% for blood oxygen saturation measurement and ±1 bpm for heart rate measurement. All analog signal data collected by the traditional vital signs monitoring module 3 undergoes independent analog-to-digital conversion (if the sensor output is analog) or is directly transmitted to the data acquisition and preprocessing module 5 for further processing via a digital interface (such as I2C, SPI).

[0052] In addition, such as Figure 6 As shown, this system also includes an environmental parameter sensing module 4 for real-time monitoring of the environmental conditions in the drying chamber or anesthesia operation area. This module includes a high-precision digital temperature and humidity sensor 19 (e.g., BME280 or SHT3x), which can simultaneously measure ambient temperature and relative humidity, with a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.5°C and a humidity measurement accuracy of ±2%RH. This sensor is typically integrated in a well-ventilated location to avoid the influence of local heat sources or pet breathing.

[0053] Simultaneously, an airflow sensor 20, such as a miniature hot-wire anemometer based on MEMS technology, is used to measure the drying airflow speed. This type of sensor features high sensitivity and a wide measurement range (0.01 m / s to 10 m / s), enabling precise sensing of airflow intensity within the drying chamber with an accuracy of ±0.1 m / s. The digital signals acquired by the environmental parameter sensing module 4 are directly transmitted to the data acquisition and preprocessing module 5 via a standard digital communication interface (such as I2C or SPI).

[0054] like Figure 7 As shown, the data acquisition and preprocessing module 5 serves as the system's data hub, responsible for receiving all raw data from the multi-band bioimpedance spectrum sensing module 2, the traditional vital signs monitoring module 3, and the environmental parameter sensing module 4.

[0055] The data acquisition and preprocessing module 5 uses a multi-channel, high-resolution (e.g., 16-bit or 24-bit) ADC chipset to perform precise analog-to-digital conversion on all received analog signals (such as signals from some traditional vital signs sensors) and preprocess all digital signals. Preprocessing operations include, but are not limited to: denoising filtering for noisy signals, which can employ adaptive Kalman filtering or wavelet denoising algorithms to effectively remove random noise and high-frequency interference; correcting baseline drift caused by electrode contact or sensor drift, typically using polynomial fitting or moving average algorithms; suppressing power frequency interference caused by grid frequencies (50Hz / 60Hz), which can employ narrowband notch filters; and formatting all data into a standard data packet structure (e.g., JSON or Protobuf) to facilitate parsing and processing by subsequent modules. Furthermore, the data acquisition and preprocessing module 5 also performs a crucial data synchronization function. Through a high-precision real-time clock (RTC) chip and a unified timestamp mechanism, it ensures the consistency of timestamps across all sensor data, providing an accurate data foundation for the core processing and control module 6 to perform precise multimodal data fusion analysis. The data synchronization accuracy requirement is at the millisecond level to avoid misjudgments caused by timing discrepancies.

[0056] like Figure 8 As shown, the core intelligent unit of this system is the core processing and control module 6, which is electrically connected to the data acquisition and preprocessing module 5 and the environmental control execution module 7. The core processing and control module 6 contains a high-performance microprocessor or embedded controller (based on a multi-core processor of the ARM Cortex-A series, such as the NXP / MXRT series or Renesas RZ / A series), runs an embedded Linux or real-time operating system (RTOS, such as FreeRTOS), and incorporates dedicated software algorithms. The module's functions can be further subdivided into the following units: First, there is the bioimpedance spectroscopy data analysis unit 22, which receives resistance (R) and reactance (X) data at different frequencies from the multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy sensing module 2. Based on these raw impedance data, and combined with the pet's specific physiological parameters (such as weight, age, breed, sex, body mass index, etc.), this unit uses the Pet-Specific Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (PS-BIA) model to calculate the equivalent circuit parameters of the pet's body, such as extracellular fluid resistance (Re), intracellular fluid resistance (Ri), and cell membrane capacitance (Cm). The PS-BIA model is established through nonlinear regression analysis or neural network training on experimental data of bioimpedance measurement and body fluid analysis (e.g., dilution method) of a large number of pets of different species, body sizes, and physiological states. Its model parameters (such as regression coefficients and network weights) can accurately correlate the pet's individual physiological parameters with the impedance model parameters. Multi-frequency impedance data can be fitted using the Cole-Cole model or its simplified form to obtain the characteristic frequency f_c and dispersion coefficient α, and then Re, Ri and Cm can be derived.

[0057] Furthermore, this unit utilizes the Hanai or Grahame model to invert the pet's extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and intracellular fluid volume (ICFV) from Re and Ri, and then calculates the total body water content (TBW = ECFV + ICFV). The Hanai model is typically used to calculate the relative proportions of extracellular and intracellular fluid, while the Grahame model focuses on cell membrane permeability. The inversion process is calibrated based on preset pet species and weight coefficients. For small dogs, their ECFV and body weight typically have a specific linear or nonlinear relationship. These coefficients are stored in the system's non-volatile memory and can be updated as needed. The ECFV / ICFV ratio is an important indicator for assessing fluid balance.

[0058] Secondly, the multi-parameter fusion and state assessment unit 23. This unit, as the core of the system's intelligent decision-making, receives ICFV, ECFV, and TBW data from the bioimpedance spectroscopy data analysis unit 22, as well as body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation data from the traditional vital signs monitoring module 3, and environmental temperature, humidity, and wind speed data from the environmental parameter sensing module 4. This unit uses a multimodal data fusion algorithm, such as a classification and regression model based on Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, or Deep Learning, to assess the pet's overall hydration and electrolyte balance in real time. The model is pre-trained by learning the complex nonlinear relationships between various physiological and environmental parameters and the actual degree of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance (confirmed by blood biochemical indicators) from a large amount of historical data. The model input is a multidimensional feature vector, including the current values ​​and short-term trends of all the aforementioned collected physiological and environmental parameters. The output is a quantified hydration state index (HSI) and a risk level (normal, mild dehydration risk, moderate dehydration risk, severe dehydration risk). HSI is typically an index ranging from 0 to 100, where 100 represents optimal hydration and 0 represents severe dehydration. A risk of dehydration is considered when ECFV decreases significantly relative to an individual's baseline or normal range (a decrease exceeding 3%), or when the HSI value falls below a preset safety threshold (below 70).

[0059] Simultaneously, the unit will also assess the possibility of electrolyte disturbances, for example by monitoring abnormal changes in the ECFV / ICFV ratio and the correlation between specific vital signs (such as heart rate and body temperature) and changes in body fluid volume.

[0060] Furthermore, there is the intelligent regulation strategy generation unit 24. This unit dynamically generates environmental parameter regulation strategies based on the hydration state index (HSI) and risk level output by the multi-parameter fusion and state assessment unit 23, as well as the pet's current anesthesia or drying stage. The strategy is based on a preset rule engine and adaptive control algorithm (fuzzy logic control or model predictive control, MPC).

[0061] When a mild risk of dehydration is assessed (HSI between 60-70, ECFV decrease of 3-5%), the strategy will trigger one or more of the following actions: Slightly reduce the power of the drying chamber heater or the drying temperature (from the initial set temperature of 38°C, reduce by 2-3°C to 35-36°C), increase the ambient relative humidity (from the initial set humidity of 55% to 60-65%), or slightly reduce the drying air velocity (from 2.5m / s to 2.0m / s). These adjustments are designed to gently slow down the rate of moisture evaporation.

[0062] When a moderate risk of dehydration is assessed (HSI between 40-60, ECFV decrease of 5-10%), the strategy will trigger one or more of the following actions: significantly reduce the power of the drying chamber heater or the drying temperature (from the initial set temperature of 38°C, reduce by 5-8°C to 30-33°C), significantly increase the ambient relative humidity (from the initial set humidity of 55% to 70-80%), drastically reduce the drying air velocity (reduce the air velocity from 2.5m / s to 1.0-1.5m / s), and activate the atomized water replenishment module 30 to replenish the pet with small doses of water intermittently (spraying for 5 seconds every 30 seconds, with the spray flow rate controlled at 0.5-1.0mL / min).

[0063] When a severe dehydration risk is assessed (HSI below 40, ECFV decrease exceeding 10%), the strategy will trigger one or more of the following actions: emergency shutdown of the drying heating function, reduction of the drying chamber temperature to a safe range (rapidly reducing the temperature to around 25°C room temperature through the ventilation system), maximization of the ambient relative humidity (increasing it to 85-95%), shutdown of the drying fan, and continuous activation of the atomized water replenishment module 30 at the maximum dose (continuous spraying, with the spray flow rate increased to 2.0-3.0 mL / min).

[0064] At the same time, the strategy will immediately trigger an audible and visual alarm and send an emergency notification to the caregiver's mobile terminal (smartphone, tablet) via a wireless communication module, clearly indicating that the pet is at risk of severe dehydration and requires immediate human intervention.

[0065] In addition, the safety monitoring and alarm unit 25 continuously monitors all vital signs parameters (core body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation) and environmental parameters (ambient temperature and humidity), comparing them with preset safety thresholds. These thresholds include body temperature below 36.0°C or above 39.5°C, heart rate below 60 beats / minute or above 180 beats / minute, and blood oxygen saturation below 90%. When any parameter exceeds the safe range, an audible and visual alarm (high-decibel buzzer and high-brightness LED indicator) is immediately triggered, and a notification is sent to the human-machine interface 31 and the caregiver's mobile terminal. The unit also includes a system self-test function to periodically or upon startup detect sensor malfunctions (sensor disconnection, abnormal readings) or system operational abnormalities (e.g., communication link interruption, processor overload), and issues an alarm to prompt maintenance in case of a malfunction.

[0066] Finally, there is the data storage and communication unit 26. This unit is responsible for storing all collected, processed, and analyzed data (including raw sensor data, calculated physiological parameters, evaluation results, control commands, alarm records, system logs, etc.) in real time in the built-in non-volatile memory (such as a 32GB eMMC storage module or an industrial-grade SD card) for subsequent review, auditing, and system performance analysis.

[0067] It should be noted that the unit also integrates a wireless communication module (a Wi-Fi module supporting the IEEE 802.11b / g / n standard or a Bluetooth module supporting the BLE 5.0 standard) for data transmission, remote monitoring and remote control with external devices (such as veterinary workstations, hospital information systems, and mobile applications), enabling cloud-based data synchronization and remote diagnostic support.

[0068] like Figure 9 As shown, the environmental control execution module 7 is electrically connected to the core processing and control module 6 and receives its control commands. This module is the physical actuator for realizing intelligent environmental control, and includes: The intelligent heating unit 27 consists of multiple power-adjustable PTC ceramic heating elements or high-efficiency infrared heating plates, with a total heating power of 500–1000W. This unit uses a high-precision solid-state relay (SSR) or PWM power control circuit for precise power output control, combined with a PID control algorithm, to achieve ±0.5°C precision adjustment of the drying chamber temperature within the range of 25°C to 45°C, ensuring the pet is in the optimal thermal comfort zone.

[0069] The variable frequency fan unit 28 consists of multiple DC brushless fans, each with a rated voltage of 12V, a maximum speed of 5000RPM, and an airflow of 30CFM. This unit controls the fan speed via a PWM signal, enabling precise adjustment of the drying speed and airflow mode. The airflow speed can be adjusted from 0.1m / s to 5.0m / s, and it features multi-level adjustable speeds to suit the needs of different pets and their dehydration risk levels.

[0070] The high-efficiency humidification unit 29 consists of a 2.4MHz high-frequency ultrasonic atomizer with an atomization rate of 200-300mL / h, and integrates a 5L pure water tank. This unit injects fine water vapor into the drying chamber by precisely controlling the drive power of the ultrasonic transducer, rapidly increasing the relative humidity from 30% to 95%, with fast response time and uniform humidification.

[0071] The nebulizing hydration unit 30 consists of a piezoelectric mesh nebulizer or a small ultrasonic nebulizer. This unit is specifically designed to spray a fine mist of saline solution or pure water onto the pet's body surface or respiratory area to directly replenish surface moisture or facilitate absorption through the respiratory tract, effectively preventing and alleviating dehydration. The spray direction and flow rate (e.g., 0.2–0.7 mL / min, up to 3.0 mL / min) of the nebulizing hydration unit can be precisely controlled by a stepper motor-driven nozzle, ensuring uniform mist distribution and optimized mist particle size (e.g., 1–5 micrometers) suitable for absorption through the pet's skin and respiratory tract without causing discomfort. The nebulizing hydration unit is typically equipped with a separate reservoir for storing saline solution or pure water.

[0072] Preferably, the system also includes a human-computer interaction interface 31. The human-computer interaction interface is implemented through a high-resolution color touchscreen display (7-inch or 10.1-inch, resolution 1024x600 or higher, using capacitive touch technology). This interface displays in a user-friendly manner real-time trend graphs and current values ​​of key parameters such as the pet's core body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, and the hydration status index (HSI), ECFV, ICFV, and TBW, which are unique to this invention.

[0073] Meanwhile, the interface clearly displays environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The user-friendly interface allows caregivers to easily set basic information about the pet, such as breed, weight, age, and type of anesthetic medication, via touch operation. They can also manually adjust drying or anesthesia environment parameters (such as setting target temperature, humidity, and wind speed) and personalize alarm thresholds. Furthermore, the interface provides historical data query, export, and report generation functions, facilitating veterinarians' comprehensive review and assessment of the pet's physiological condition throughout the entire process.

[0074] This invention also provides an intelligent vital sign monitoring method for pets during anesthesia and in drying systems, the detailed steps of which are as follows, and refer to... Figure 4 Explanation: In the bioimpedance spectroscopy data acquisition step, a preset multi-band (from 1kHz to 1MHz, a total of 8 discrete frequency points) microampere-level AC constant current signal is applied to the pet's body through the multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy electrode 8 integrated on the pet carrier module 1. The excitation signal generator 11 of the multi-band bioimpedance spectroscopy sensing module 2 precisely controls the amplitude and frequency of the current; Simultaneously, the impedance measurement unit 12 synchronously receives and measures voltage signals at different frequencies from the measuring electrode 10, and then calculates the bioresistance at the corresponding frequency through its internal differential amplifier 13, high-precision analog-to-digital converter 14, and digital signal processor 15. and bioelectric resistance Value. This process continues to provide a continuous stream of impedance spectrum data.

[0075] The next step is the collection of traditional vital signs and environmental parameters. The traditional vital signs monitoring module 3 collects the pet's core body temperature (via a non-contact or contact infrared temperature sensor 16), heart rate and blood oxygen saturation (via a pulse oximeter 18), and respiratory rate (via a respiratory sensor 17) in real time and continuously. Meanwhile, the environmental parameter sensing module 4 collects the ambient temperature, relative humidity (via a high-precision digital temperature and humidity sensor 19), and drying air velocity (via an airflow sensor 20) of the drying chamber or anesthesia operation area in real time. All these physiological and environmental data are continuously acquired at a preset sampling frequency (e.g., 10 times per second for vital signs data and 1 time per second for environmental data).

[0076] Next, the data preprocessing and feature extraction steps begin. Data acquisition and preprocessing module 5 receives all acquired raw analog and digital data. A series of preprocessing operations are performed on this data, including but not limited to: denoising the raw signals using Kalman filtering or wavelet denoising algorithms to improve the signal-to-noise ratio; correcting sensor drift and baseline drift using moving average or polynomial fitting methods; effectively suppressing 50Hz / 60Hz power frequency interference using a notch filter; and synchronizing all processed data according to a unified timestamp to form a consistent data stream.

[0077] Based on this, effective physiological characteristic parameters (such as heart rate variability and respiratory rhythm characteristics) and environmental characteristic parameters (such as temperature change rate and humidity gradient) are extracted.

[0078] The core lies in the assessment steps of hydration status and electrolyte balance. The bioimpedance spectroscopy data analysis unit 22 in the core processing and control module 6 calculates the pet's extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), intracellular fluid volume (ICFV), and total body water content (TBW) based on the resistance (R) and reactance (X) values ​​obtained in step 1, combined with the pet's individual physiological parameters (such as weight, breed, etc.) using a pre-trained Pet-Specific Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (PS-BIA) model.

[0079] Simultaneously, this unit also calculates the ECFV / ICFV ratio. Subsequently, the multi-parameter fusion and state assessment unit 23 further fuses all parameters, including ECFV, ICFV, TBW, pet core body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, and environmental temperature, humidity, and wind speed. Using a pre-trained multimodal data fusion algorithm (such as a deep learning-based neural network model), this unit assesses the pet's overall hydration status index (HSI) in real time and determines the potential electrolyte imbalance risk level (normal, mild, moderate, or severe). The assessment results serve as the basis for generating subsequent regulatory strategies.

[0080] The next step is the generation and execution of intelligent control strategies: When the assessed hydration status index (HSI) or ECFV / ICFV ratio indicates that the pet is within the normal range, the intelligent control strategy generation unit 24 maintains the current anesthesia or drying environment parameters unchanged, or makes standard adjustments according to the preset routine drying program. The drying temperature is maintained at 38°C, humidity at 55%, and air velocity at 2.5 m / s.

[0081] When the assessed Hydration Status Index (HSI) or ECFV / ICFV ratio indicates that the pet is at mild risk of dehydration (HSI below 70 but above 60), the intelligent control strategy generation unit 24 immediately generates and sends an instruction to the environmental control execution module 7. The instruction will reduce the power of the drying chamber heater (by 20%, lowering the temperature from 38°C to 36°C), increase the output of the high-efficiency humidification unit 29 (by 30%, raising the relative humidity from 55% to 65%), or reduce the wind speed of the variable frequency fan unit 28 (by 15%, lowering the wind speed from 2.5m / s to 2.0m / s) to gently slow down the rate of moisture evaporation from the pet's body.

[0082] When the assessed Hydration Status Index (HSI) or ECFV / ICFV ratio indicates that the pet is at moderate risk of dehydration (HSI below 60 but above 40), the intelligent control strategy generation unit 24 generates stronger control commands, significantly reducing the drying temperature (reducing it by 5°C to 33°C), significantly increasing the ambient humidity (increasing it to 75%), drastically reducing the wind speed (reducing it by 40% to 1.5 m / s), and activating the atomizing water replenishment unit 30 to provide intermittent water replenishment (spraying intermittently for 10 seconds at a flow rate of 0.8 mL / min, followed by a 20-second pause).

[0083] When the assessed Hydration Status Index (HSI) or ECFV / ICFV ratio indicates that the pet is at risk of severe dehydration (HSI below 40), the intelligent control strategy generation unit 24 immediately generates an emergency control command, stops the drying and heating function of the intelligent heating unit 27 (rapidly lowering the temperature to room temperature), maximizes the humidity output of the high-efficiency humidification unit 29 (increasing it to 90%), stops the operation of the variable frequency fan unit 28, and activates the atomizing water replenishment unit 30 to provide continuous, maximum-dose water replenishment (continuous spraying at a flow rate of 2.5 mL / min). At the same time, the safety monitoring and alarm unit 25 immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm and sends an emergency notification to the nursing staff's mobile terminal, requesting immediate manual intervention.

[0084] Throughout the monitoring and control process, safety monitoring and early warning procedures are continuously implemented. The safety monitoring and alarm unit 25 continuously monitors all monitoring parameters (including BIS parameters, traditional vital sign parameters, and environmental parameters). If any parameter exceeds the preset safety threshold (excessively high or low body temperature, abnormal heart rate, decreased SpO2, abnormal ambient temperature), or if the system detects a potential danger through its self-test function (sensor malfunction, communication anomaly), an audible and visual alarm will be immediately triggered, and a remote notification will be sent to nursing staff via the wireless communication module to prompt the operator to intervene in a timely manner.

[0085] Finally, there is the data storage and analysis step. All collected raw data, processed physiological parameters, evaluation results, control action records, and any alarm records are stored in real time in the data storage and communication unit 26 of the core processing and control module 6. This historical data can be used for subsequent historical trend analysis, system performance evaluation, continuous algorithm optimization, and retrospective research on pet cases by veterinarians.

[0086] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent vital sign monitoring for pet anesthesia and drying system, characterized in that, The application relates to a pet physiological parameter monitoring and control system. The pet physiological parameter monitoring and control system comprises a pet carrying module (1), a multi-frequency biological impedance spectrum sensing module (2), a traditional vital sign monitoring module (3), an environmental parameter sensing module (4), a data acquisition and preprocessing module (5), a core processing and control module (6) and an environmental regulation and control execution module (7). The pet carrying module (1) is adapted to the physiological characteristics of pets, guarantees the stable and comfortable posture of pets during monitoring and control, and is provided with a plurality of biological impedance spectrum electrodes (8) on the surface. The multi-frequency biological impedance spectrum sensing module (2) is electrically connected with the biological impedance spectrum electrodes (8), comprises a multi-frequency excitation signal generator (11) and an impedance measuring unit (12), is used for applying a multi-frequency alternating current signal to the electrodes and measuring the biological impedance values at different frequencies, and is used for measuring the core temperature, respiratory frequency, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation of pets. The traditional vital sign monitoring module (3) is used for acquiring the core temperature, respiratory frequency, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation of pets. The environmental parameter sensing module (4) is used for monitoring the environmental temperature, relative humidity and air flow rate of a drying cabin or an anesthesia operation area. The data acquisition and preprocessing module (5) is electrically connected with the pet carrying module (1), the multi-frequency biological impedance spectrum sensing module (2) and the traditional vital sign monitoring module (3), is used for receiving original data, performing analog-digital conversion on analog signals, performing denoising filtering, baseline drift correction, power frequency interference suppression and data synchronization on digital signals, and the like. The core processing and control module (6) is electrically connected with the data acquisition and preprocessing module (5), comprises a biological impedance spectrum data analysis unit (22), a multi-parameter fusion and state evaluation unit (23), an intelligent regulation and control strategy generation unit (24), a safety monitoring and alarm unit (25) and a data storage and communication unit (26).

2. The intelligent vital sign monitoring for pet anesthesia and drying system according to claim 1, wherein: The environmental regulation and control execution module (7) is electrically connected with the core processing and control module (6), is used for receiving regulation and control instructions, adjusting the environmental temperature, humidity, wind speed and executing atomization water supplementing, and the like.

3. The intelligent vital sign monitoring for pet anesthesia and drying system of claim 1, wherein: The multi-frequency excitation signal generator (11) applies a microampere-level AC constant current signal to the excitation electrode (9); the impedance measurement unit (12) comprises a high-input-impedance low-noise differential amplifier (13), a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (14) and a digital signal processor (15), and the digital signal processor (15) extracts resistance and reactance components at different frequencies from the voltage signal through phase-sensitive detection based on the phase-locked amplifier principle.

4. The intelligent vital sign monitoring for pet anesthesia and drying system of claim 1, wherein: The biological impedance spectrum electrode (8) is composed of at least four sheet-shaped electrodes made of medical-grade stainless steel or silver chloride, and is arranged in a planar array. Receive resistance And reactance Data; In combination with physiological parameters of pet, such as weight, size, breed, etc., the equivalent circuit parameters of the body are calculated through a pet-specific bioelectrical impedance analysis model, including extracellular fluid resistance , intracellular fluid resistance and cell membrane capacitance ; The extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), intracellular fluid volume (ICFV) and total body water (TBW) were inversed from the Hanai model or Grahame model, and the ratio of ECFV / ICFV was calculated. The inversion process was calibrated according to the pet species and body weight coefficient. and The extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), intracellular fluid volume (ICFV) and total body water (TBW) were inversed from the Hanai model or Grahame model, and the ratio of ECFV / ICFV was calculated. The inversion process was calibrated according to the pet species and body weight coefficient.

5. The intelligent vital sign monitoring for pet anesthesia and drying system of claim 4, wherein: The biological impedance spectrum data analysis unit (22) is used for: The multi-parameter fusion and state evaluation unit (23) is used for: receiving ICFV, ECFV and TBW data, and traditional vital sign and environmental parameter data; evaluating the overall hydration state and electrolyte balance state of pets in real time through a classification regression model of a support vector machine, a random forest or deep learning, outputting a quantitative hydration state index (HSI) and a risk level, and synchronously evaluating the possibility of electrolyte disorder; 6. The intelligent vital sign monitoring for pet anesthesia and drying system of claim 5, wherein: when the ECFV is lower than the individual baseline value or the normal range, or the HSI is lower than a preset safety threshold value, it is determined that there is a dehydration risk. The intelligent regulation and control strategy generation unit (24) dynamically generates a regulation and control strategy according to the HSI, the risk level and the anesthesia period or the drying stage of the pet: for a mild dehydration risk, the power or temperature of a drying cabin heater is reduced, the relative humidity of the environment is increased, or the drying wind speed is reduced; for a moderate dehydration risk, the power or temperature of the drying cabin heater is significantly reduced, the relative humidity of the environment is significantly increased, the drying wind speed is greatly reduced, and a small-dose intermittent water supplementing unit (30) is activated to perform small-dose intermittent water supplementing. Severe dehydration risk: emergency stop the drying heating function, reduce the drying cabin temperature to a safe range, maximize the relative humidity of the environment, stop the drying fan operation, activate the atomization water supplement unit (30) for maximum dose continuous water supplement, and trigger the audible and light alarm at the same time, send an emergency notification to the nursing staff's mobile terminal through the wireless communication module.

7. The intelligent vital sign monitoring for pet anesthesia and drying system of claim 1, wherein: The environment regulation execution module (7) comprises: Intelligent heating unit (27): composed of power adjustable PTC ceramic heating element or infrared heating plate; Variable frequency fan unit (28): composed of direct current brushless fan; Humidification unit (29): composed of ultrasonic atomizer; Atomization water supplement unit (30): composed of piezoelectric microporous net type atomizer or ultrasonic atomizer, used for spraying water mist or physiological saline mist to the surface of pet body or respiratory tract.

8. The intelligent vital sign monitoring for pet anesthesia and drying system of claim 7, wherein: It also includes human-computer interaction interface (31): realized through high-resolution touch display screen, used for real-time display of trend chart and current value of pet key physiological parameters and environmental parameters, allowing nursing staff to set pet basic information, manually adjust environmental parameters, set alarm threshold, and provide historical data query, export and report generation functions.

9. An intelligent vital sign monitoring method for pet anesthesia and drying system, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: biological impedance spectrum data acquisition: through the biological impedance spectrum electrode (8) integrated in the pet carrying module (1), a microampere level alternating current constant current signal is applied to the pet body, the voltage signal at different frequencies is measured, and the resistance and reactance values are calculated; S2: traditional vital signs and environmental parameter acquisition: the traditional vital signs monitoring module (3) acquires the core body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation of the pet in real time, and the environmental parameter sensing module (4) acquires the environmental temperature, relative humidity and wind speed in real time; S3: data preprocessing and feature extraction: the data acquisition and preprocessing module (5) performs denoising, filtering, correction and synchronization processing on the original data, and extracts effective physiological and environmental characteristic parameters; S4: hydration status and electrolyte balance evaluation: the core processing and control module (6) calculates ECFV, ICFV, TBW and ECFV / ICFV ratio through pet exclusive biological electrical impedance analysis model combined with pet individual physiological parameters, and then fuses multiple parameters through pre-trained multi-modal data fusion algorithm to evaluate HSI and electrolyte disorder risk level in real time; S5: intelligent regulation strategy generation and execution: the core processing and control module (6) sends instructions to the environment regulation execution module (7) according to the hydration status indicated by HSI or ECFV / ICFV ratio, including adjusting temperature, humidity, wind speed and activating atomization water supplement; S6: safety monitoring and early warning: the safety monitoring and alarm unit (25) continuously monitors all parameters, and when any parameter exceeds the safety threshold, immediately triggers the audible and light alarm and sends remote notification; S7: data storage and analysis: real-time storage of original data, processed physiological parameters, evaluation results, regulation actions and alarm records.

10. The intelligent vital sign monitoring for pet anesthesia and drying system of claim 9, wherein: The intelligent regulation strategy in S5 comprises: Mild dehydration risk: reduce the power or temperature of the drying heater, increase the relative humidity of the environment, or reduce the drying wind speed; Moderate dehydration risk: significantly reduce the drying temperature, significantly increase the ambient humidity, substantially reduce the wind speed, activate the atomization water supplement unit (30) for intermittent water supplement; Severe dehydration risk: stop the drying heating function, maximize the ambient humidity, stop the fan operation, activate the atomization water supplement unit (30) for continuous water supplement, and trigger the audible and light alarm and send an emergency notification.

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