Combustion head, preparation method thereof and combustor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of combustors, in particular to a combustion head, a preparation method thereof and a combustor. The combustion head comprises a plurality of basic unit bodies which are arranged in an array mode in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction of the combustion head so that a lower-layer medium, a middle-layer medium and an upper-layer medium can be sequentially formed in the height direction from bottom to top. Wherein each foundation unit body comprises four hole ribs which are arranged in a central symmetry mode, and the four hole ribs are connected with the hole ribs of the four adjacent foundation unit bodies respectively, so that through holes are formed among the hole ribs of the connected foundation unit bodies; the diameter of the hole ribs of the lower-layer medium is larger than that of the hole ribs of the middle-layer medium, and the diameter of the hole ribs of the middle-layer medium is larger than that of the hole ribs of the upper-layer medium. The preparation method of the combustion head is used for preparing the combustion head. The combustor comprises the combustion head. The combustion head, the preparation method thereof and the combustor have the advantages of being uniform in pore distribution, efficient in heat conduction and uniform in radiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of burner technology, specifically to a burner head, its preparation method, and a burner. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of gas heating, traditional combustion methods mostly employ free-flame combustion, where gas directly burns in the air to form a flame that heats the object being heated. However, this method suffers from problems such as large temperature gradients across the flame surface, unstable combustion, and incomplete combustion, leading to uneven temperature distribution on the surface of the heated material and affecting heating quality and efficiency. Furthermore, traditional burners are prone to localized overheating or flame detachment at high temperatures, further exacerbating temperature non-uniformity and limiting their application in high-temperature, uniform heating applications.

[0003] To address these issues, porous media combustion technology has been gradually introduced. Porous media burners achieve surface combustion by dispersing the flame within the pores of a porous material, thereby improving combustion stability and temperature uniformity. Common porous media materials currently include foam ceramics. However, existing foam ceramic burners suffer from inconsistent gas flow paths due to their random and unevenly distributed internal pore structure, resulting in unsatisfactory temperature distribution in the combustion zone. Furthermore, foam ceramic materials are prone to problems such as skeleton fracture and thermal shock cracking at high temperatures, leading to short service life, frequent replacements, and increased maintenance costs and production downtime. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above, it is necessary to propose a combustion head, its preparation method and burner, which have the advantages of uniform pore distribution, high efficiency of heat conduction and uniform radiation.

[0005] This application provides a combustion head, including multiple basic units arranged in an array along the length, width, and height of the combustion head to form a lower medium, a middle medium, and an upper medium sequentially from bottom to top in the height direction; wherein each basic unit includes four centrally symmetrically arranged perforated ribs, and the four perforated ribs are respectively connected to the perforated ribs of four adjacent basic units to form through holes between the perforated ribs of the connected basic units; the diameter of the perforated ribs of the lower medium is larger than the diameter of the perforated ribs of the middle medium, and the diameter of the perforated ribs of the middle medium is larger than the diameter of the perforated ribs of the upper medium.

[0006] The aforementioned combustion head consists of multiple arrayed basic unit cells. Each basic unit cell includes four centrally symmetrically arranged perforated ribs, which are connected to the perforated ribs of four adjacent basic unit cells. These interconnected basic unit cells are then arrayed in three-dimensional space in the form of a diamond lattice, forming highly symmetrical and interconnected tetrahedral through-holes. This structure allows the combustion gas flow and flame to be uniformly distributed across countless tiny units, avoiding the localized high-temperature points of traditional free-flame combustion. Simultaneously, the cascaded reflective cavities formed by the through-holes ensure more uniform thermal radiation and high infrared emissivity, thereby guaranteeing the uniformity of the temperature field on the surface of the heated material.

[0007] The aforementioned burner head, based on a three-dimensional interconnected diamond lattice structure and a longitudinal gradient design, achieves improvements in mechanical strength, thermal management performance, and combustion efficiency. This structure enhances overall compressive strength and stability through a symmetrical three-dimensional mesh, while its interconnected solid framework facilitates the construction of a heat-conducting network, reducing thermal insulation areas found in traditional materials and promoting heat diffusion. The longitudinal pore and pore gradient variations help reduce flow resistance and pressure drop, while also providing conditions for flame stability and suppression of thermal oscillations. Furthermore, the regularly arranged tetrahedral channels form a radiating cavity, resulting in a more uniform distribution of heat radiation. Combined with the gradient design to alleviate interlayer thermal stress, this helps reduce high-temperature cracking and the formation of edge cold zones, thereby achieving a more uniform, stable, and efficient combustion effect in the field of gas heating.

[0008] In some embodiments, the diameter of the pores in the lower medium decreases sequentially from bottom to top, and the diameter of the pores in the lower medium ranges from 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm; the diameter of the pores in the middle medium decreases sequentially from bottom to top, and the diameter of the pores in the middle medium ranges from 0.6 mm to 0.7 mm; the diameter of the pores in the upper medium decreases sequentially from bottom to top, and the diameter of the pores in the upper medium ranges from 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the pore diameter of the through holes in the lower medium ranges from 1 mm to 2 mm, the porosity of the lower medium ranges from 75% to 80%, and the volume ratio of the pore reinforcement in the lower medium ranges from 20% to 25%; the pore diameter of the through holes in the middle medium ranges from 2 mm to 3 mm, the porosity of the middle medium ranges from 80% to 85%, and the volume ratio of the pore reinforcement in the middle medium ranges from 15% to 20%; the pore diameter of the through holes in the upper medium ranges from 3 mm to 4 mm, the porosity of the upper medium ranges from 85% to 90%, and the volume ratio of the pore reinforcement in the upper medium ranges from 10% to 15%.

[0010] In some embodiments, the combustion head is made of reaction-sintered silicon carbide with a silicon carbide solid content greater than 75 wt%.

[0011] A second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing a combustion head, the method comprising the following steps: Prepare a slurry containing silicon carbide; Construct a gradient 3D spatial skeleton model; The gradient three-dimensional spatial skeleton model is imported into a 3D printing device, and the slurry is used as raw material to perform 3D printing according to the gradient three-dimensional spatial skeleton model to obtain a combustion head green body. The burner head preform is degreased at a temperature range of 600℃~800℃ and held for 1h~3h to obtain the burner head preform. The burner head preform is sintered at 1800℃~2000℃ under inert gas conditions to obtain the burner head.

[0012] The aforementioned method for preparing the burner head, used to obtain the burner head provided in the first aspect of this application, can accurately realize the diamond lattice structure and longitudinal gradient changes of the burner head by constructing a gradient three-dimensional spatial skeleton model and employing 3D printing technology. This solves the manufacturing problem of complex and delicate three-dimensional interconnected structures that are difficult to form using traditional foaming and impregnation processes. Through optimization of the slurry formulation and control of the layered exposure process, the forming accuracy and uniformity of the burner head green body are ensured, enabling the formation of complex structures with micro-gradient characteristics. Subsequent debinding and sintering processes are matched with the material system, contributing to achieving high sintering density and good high-temperature performance, thereby ensuring the structural integrity and long-term reliability of the burner head under high-temperature combustion environments.

[0013] In some embodiments, the slurry comprises: 75wt%~78wt% silicon carbide, 15wt%~18wt% photosensitive resin, 6.5wt%~9.5wt% sintering aid, and 0.5wt% dispersant.

[0014] In some embodiments, the photosensitive resin comprises one or more of the following: trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, epoxidized soybean oil acrylate, aliphatic polyurethane acrylate, modified polyurethane acrylate, aromatic polyurethane acrylate, bisphenol A epoxy acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxytriacrylate, ethoxy pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, cyclotrimethylolpropane methyl acetal acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate; the sintering aid comprises a combination of aluminum oxide and yttrium oxide, or a combination of boron carbide and carbon, or a combination of boron nitride and carbon, or a combination of aluminum and aluminum carbide.

[0015] In some embodiments, the steps of constructing a gradient three-dimensional spatial skeleton model include: Construct a framework model of the underlying medium basic unit; The underlying medium basic unit frame model is arrayed along the length, width and height directions of the underlying medium to obtain the underlying medium geometric model; A middle-layer medium basic unit frame model is constructed on the upper surface of the lower-layer medium geometric model, and the layers containing the hole and rib models on the lower surface of the middle-layer medium basic unit frame model are parallel to the layers containing the hole and rib models on the upper surface of the lower-layer medium geometric model. The basic unit frame model of the middle layer medium is arranged in an array along the length, width and height directions of the middle layer medium to obtain the geometric model of the middle layer medium; A framework model of the upper medium basic unit is constructed on the upper surface of the middle medium geometric model, and the layers containing the hole and rib models on the lower surface of the upper medium basic unit frame model are parallel to the layers containing the hole and rib models on the upper surface of the middle medium geometric model.

[0016] In some embodiments, during 3D printing, the printing layer thickness is 20μm~40μm, and the exposure time for each layer is 4s~6s.

[0017] A third aspect of this application provides a burner including the aforementioned burner head.

[0018] The burner described above has at least the same advantages as the burner head provided in the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the combustion head provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The image shows a front view of the combustion head.

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a partial enlarged view of the combustion head structure.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the preparation method of the combustion head provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of constructing a gradient three-dimensional spatial skeleton model using the preparation method provided in this application embodiment.

[0024] Explanation of main component symbols: Burner head 100, basic unit 10, perforated rib 11, through hole 12, lower medium 20, middle medium 30, upper medium 40. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0026] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, it should be noted that "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically defined.

[0027] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between components; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. The following will describe some embodiments of this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] The embodiments of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3This application provides a burner head 100, which includes multiple basic unit bodies 10. These basic unit bodies 10 are arranged in an array along the length, width, and height directions of the burner head 100 to sequentially form a lower layer medium 20, a middle layer medium 30, and an upper layer medium 40 from bottom to top in the height direction. Each basic unit body 10 includes four centrally symmetrically arranged perforated ribs 11. Each of the four perforated ribs 11 is connected to the perforated ribs 11 of four adjacent basic unit bodies 10, forming through holes 12 between the perforated ribs 11 of the connected basic unit bodies 10. The diameter of the perforated ribs 11 in the lower layer medium 20 is larger than the diameter of the perforated ribs 11 in the middle layer medium 30, and the diameter of the perforated ribs 11 in the middle layer medium 30 is larger than the diameter of the perforated ribs 11 in the upper layer medium 40.

[0030] The length, width, and height of the combustion head 100 can be set according to actual needs. In this embodiment, the length and width of the lower medium 20, the middle medium 30, and the upper medium 40 are the same, and their heights can be the same or different. In a preferred embodiment, the heights of the lower medium 20, the middle medium 30, and the upper medium 40 are the same. Each basic unit 10 includes four centrally symmetrically arranged perforated ribs 11, which are connected to the perforated ribs 11 of four adjacent basic unit 10s. Thus, after multiple basic unit 10s are connected, they are arranged in a diamond lattice array in three-dimensional space, forming a highly symmetrical and interconnected tetrahedral through-hole 12.

[0031] Each basic unit 10 is connected to the nodes of four adjacent units, forming a highly symmetrical and stable spatial support system. This effectively decomposes external loads and thermal stresses into multi-directional compressive stresses, thereby significantly improving the overall structure's compressive strength and thermal shock resistance. Compared to the random pores and fragile skeleton present in traditional foam ceramics, the burner head 100 in this embodiment is less prone to skeleton fracture or structural deformation under high-temperature environments, thus extending the service life of the burner head 100 and enhancing its reliability in industrial applications.

[0032] By setting the diameter of the pore ribs 11 to decrease layer by layer in the lower medium 20, middle medium 30, and upper medium 40, a longitudinal gradient distribution of porosity and pore size is achieved inside the burner head 100. The coarser pore ribs 11 and smaller pore size in the lower medium 20 help to form a turbulent cavity, prolonging the residence time of the combustion gas, thereby stabilizing the flame and suppressing flameout; the middle medium 30 plays a role in flow-heat coupling regulation; and the large pore size structure of the upper medium 40 is conducive to forming a uniform thermal radiation surface. This gradient design makes the temperature distribution during the combustion process more uniform, effectively eliminating local high temperatures or edge cold zones, and improving heating quality.

[0033] The diamond lattice structure formed by the combination of multiple basic unit cells 10 enables the solid framework to form a continuous heat conduction path in space, effectively eliminating the "thermal insulation islands" present in traditional porous media, thereby improving the overall thermal conductivity. At the same time, the regularly arranged tetrahedral channels form a cascaded reflection cavity, enhancing the uniformity and emissivity of infrared radiation, enabling the burner head 100 to exhibit uniform temperature characteristics during thermal radiation, making it suitable for industrial heating applications with high requirements for temperature uniformity.

[0034] The combustion head 100 provided in this embodiment is composed of multiple arrayed basic unit bodies 10. Each basic unit body 10 includes four centrally symmetrically arranged perforated ribs 11, which are connected to the perforated ribs 11 of four adjacent basic unit bodies 10. This allows the multiple basic unit bodies 10 to be connected and arranged in a diamond lattice pattern in three-dimensional space, forming highly symmetrical and interconnected tetrahedral through-holes 12. This structure allows the combustion gas flow and flame to be uniformly distributed among countless tiny units, avoiding the localized high-temperature points of traditional free flame combustion. Simultaneously, the cascaded reflective cavities formed by the channels make heat radiation more uniform and infrared emissivity high, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the temperature field on the surface of the heated material.

[0035] The burner head 100 provided in this application embodiment is based on a three-dimensional interconnected diamond lattice structure and a longitudinal gradient design, which improves mechanical strength, thermal management performance, and combustion efficiency. This structure enhances overall compressive strength and stability through a symmetrical three-dimensional mesh, while its interconnected solid skeleton helps construct a heat-conducting network, reducing thermal insulation areas in traditional materials and promoting heat diffusion. The longitudinal gradient changes in pore size and ribs help reduce flow resistance and pressure drop, while also providing conditions for flame stability and suppression of thermal oscillations. Furthermore, the regularly arranged tetrahedral channels form a radiation cavity, making the heat radiation distribution more uniform, and the gradient design alleviates interlayer thermal stress, helping to reduce high-temperature cracking and the formation of edge cold zones, thereby achieving a more uniform, stable, and efficient combustion effect in the field of gas heating.

[0036] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The diameter of the ribs 11 in the lower layer medium 20 decreases from bottom to top, ranging from 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm. The diameter of the ribs 11 in the middle layer medium 30 decreases from bottom to top, ranging from 0.6 mm to 0.7 mm. The diameter of the ribs 11 in the upper layer medium 40 decreases from bottom to top, ranging from 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0037] In this embodiment, the diameter of the rib 11 at the bottommost end of the lower layer medium 20 can be 0.8 mm, the diameter of the rib 11 at the topmost end of the lower layer medium 20 can be 0.7 mm, and the diameter of the rib 11 inside the lower layer medium 20 decreases sequentially from bottom to top. The diameter of the rib 11 connecting the middle layer medium 30 to the lower layer medium 20 can be 0.7 mm, the diameter of the rib 11 at the topmost end of the middle layer medium 30 can be 0.6 mm, and the diameter of the rib 11 inside the middle layer medium 30 decreases sequentially from bottom to top. The diameter of the rib 11 connecting the lower layer medium 20 to the middle layer medium 30 can be 0.6 mm, and the diameter of the rib 11 at the topmost layer of the upper layer medium 40 can be 0.5 mm.

[0038] Thus, by precisely defining the specific diameter range of the pores 11 in the lower medium 20, middle medium 30, and upper medium 40, as well as their intralayer gradient characteristics, a key improvement is brought to the performance of the burner head 100: This design achieves a smooth transition in mechanical strength between layers in terms of structure. The coarser pores 11 in the lower layer ensure durable and stable support performance, while the progressively decreasing diameters in the upper layers simultaneously optimize the pore distribution and heat flow transfer path. This refined gradient not only significantly reduces the interlayer stress concentration caused by differences in thermal expansion and effectively suppresses the risk of interface cracking, but also achieves active guidance of gas flow and flame morphology through precise control of the flow channel cross-section, from the bottom layer of turbulent flame stabilization to the upper layer of uniform radiation. Ultimately, while ensuring structural integrity, it achieves synergistic optimization of combustion efficiency and temperature uniformity.

[0039] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The through-holes 12 of the lower layer medium 20 have a pore diameter ranging from 1mm to 2mm, a porosity ranging from 75% to 80%, and a volume fraction of pore ribs 11 ranging from 20% to 25%. The through-holes 12 of the middle layer medium 30 have a pore diameter ranging from 2mm to 3mm, a porosity ranging from 80% to 85%, and a volume fraction of pore ribs 11 ranging from 15% to 20%. The through-holes 12 of the upper layer medium 40 have a pore diameter ranging from 3mm to 4mm, a porosity ranging from 85% to 90%, and a volume fraction of pore ribs 11 ranging from 10% to 15%.

[0040] It is understood that after multiple basic unit cells 10 are interconnected, a diamond lattice structure is formed, and six ribs 11 are connected in sequence to form a ring, the interior of which is a through hole 12. The diameter of the through hole 12 is inversely proportional to the radius of the rib 11, that is, the larger the diameter of the rib 11, the smaller the diameter of the through hole 12. In this embodiment, since the diameter of the rib 11 gradually decreases from bottom to top, the pore diameter of the lower layer medium 20 can gradually increase from 1 mm to 2 mm from bottom to top, the pore diameter of the middle layer medium 30 can gradually increase from 2 mm to 3 mm from bottom to top, and the pore diameter of the upper layer medium 40 can gradually increase from 3 mm to 4 mm from bottom to top.

[0041] Porosity refers to the ratio of the pore volume (i.e., the volume of voids) inside the burner head 100 to the total volume of the burner head 100 (the sum of the solid skeleton volume and the pore volume). Therefore, porosity is inversely proportional to the diameter of the pore ribs 11; that is, the larger the diameter of the pore ribs 11, the smaller the porosity. In this embodiment, since the diameter of the pore ribs 11 gradually decreases from bottom to top, the porosity of the lower layer medium 20 can gradually increase from 75% to 80% from bottom to top, and the volume ratio of the pore ribs 11 in the lower layer medium 20 gradually decreases from 25% to 20%. The porosity of the middle layer medium 30 can gradually increase from 80% to 85% from bottom to top, and the volume ratio of the pore ribs 11 in the middle layer medium 30 gradually decreases from 20% to 15%.

[0042] Thus, by setting the pore size range, porosity, and volume ratio of the pore ribs 11 in the lower medium 20, middle medium 30, and upper medium 40, a three-level gradient structure is formed, enabling segmented and precise control of the combustion process. The relatively dense structure of the lower medium 20 forms a turbulent cavity, effectively extending the residence time of the combustion gas, ensuring flame stability, and suppressing flameout. The middle medium 30 serves as a transition zone, optimizing the flow field distribution and heat transfer process. The upper medium 40 creates ideal conditions for uniform radiation. This allows the combustion process to transition from stable combustion and efficient heat transfer to uniform radiation.

[0043] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The burner head 100 is made of reaction-sintered silicon carbide with a silicon carbide solid content greater than 75 wt%. Reaction-sintered silicon carbide inherently possesses excellent high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and thermal stability, with a long-term operating temperature exceeding 1600℃. Combined with the high solid content of over 75 wt%, this design ensures that the material achieves sufficiently high skeleton density and three-dimensional connectivity after sintering, allowing the burner head 100 to maintain structural integrity even under long-term high-temperature operating conditions, effectively resisting deformation or damage caused by thermal stress and combustion fluctuations.

[0044] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 This application also provides a method for preparing a burner head 100, which includes the following steps: Step S10: Prepare a slurry containing silicon carbide.

[0045] Specifically, the slurry includes: 75wt%~78wt% silicon carbide, 15wt%~18wt% photosensitive resin, 6.5wt%~9.5wt% sintering aid, and 0.5wt% dispersant.

[0046] Photosensitive resins include one or more of the following: ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, epoxidized soybean oil acrylate, aliphatic polyurethane acrylate, modified polyurethane acrylate, aromatic polyurethane acrylate, bisphenol A epoxy acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxylated triacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, cyclotrimethylolpropane methyl acetal acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate.

[0047] Sintering aids include combinations of aluminum oxide and yttrium oxide, or combinations of boron carbide and carbon, or combinations of boron nitride and carbon, or combinations of aluminum and aluminum carbide.

[0048] The dispersants include one or more of BYK-111, BYK-180, BYK-2155, NDZ-201, TEGO Dispers 655, TEGO Dispers 685, KH-560, and KH-570.

[0049] The high solid content of 75wt%-78wt% silicon carbide in the slurry ensures that the sintered product has sufficiently high skeletal density and mechanical strength to meet high-temperature load-bearing requirements. Simultaneously, the 15wt%-18wt% photosensitive resin content provides the slurry with suitable viscosity and photocuring characteristics, ensuring both good flowability and spreadability for high-precision printing, and sufficient initial strength to maintain complex structural morphologies after curing. 0.5wt% of specific dispersants (such as BYK series, TEGO series, etc.) effectively reduces the surface energy of silicon carbide particles in the resin system, preventing particle agglomeration and sedimentation, ensuring the slurry maintains compositional uniformity and performance stability during printing. This not only guarantees the continuous reliability of the printing process but also provides a fundamental guarantee for the uniformity of the final product's microstructure.

[0050] Step S20: Construct a gradient three-dimensional spatial skeleton model.

[0051] Specifically, the steps for constructing a gradient 3D spatial skeleton model include: Step S201: Construct the framework model of the basic unit body 10 of the lower medium 20.

[0052] Step S202: The frame model of the basic unit body 10 of the lower medium 20 is arrayed along the length, width and height directions of the lower medium 20 to obtain the geometric model of the lower medium 20.

[0053] Step S203: Construct a framework model of the basic unit 10 of the middle medium 30 on the upper surface of the geometric model of the lower medium 20, and parallelly overlap the layers where the hole rib 11 models of the lower surface of the framework model of the basic unit 10 of the middle medium 30 are located with the layers where the hole rib 11 models of the upper surface of the geometric model of the lower medium 20 are located.

[0054] Step S204: The frame model of the basic unit body 10 of the middle layer medium 30 is arrayed along the length, width and height directions of the middle layer medium 30 to obtain the geometric model of the middle layer medium 30.

[0055] Step S205: Construct the upper medium 40 basic unit 10 frame model on the upper surface of the middle medium 30 geometric model, and parallelly overlap the layers where the hole rib 11 models on the lower surface of the upper medium 40 basic unit 10 frame model are located in the layers where the hole rib 11 models on the upper surface of the middle medium 30 geometric model.

[0056] Thus, through bottom-up layered construction and array expansion logic, a standardized digital modeling process is provided that can accurately realize the longitudinal gradient changes in porosity and pore diameter 11. Each step corresponds to a specific level of the physical structure of the combustion head 100, ensuring the geometric accuracy and data integrity of the gradient changes in three-dimensional space, providing a reliable and unambiguous digital foundation for subsequent 3D printing manufacturing.

[0057] Step S30: Import the gradient three-dimensional spatial skeleton model into the 3D printing equipment, use slurry as raw material, and perform 3D printing according to the gradient three-dimensional spatial skeleton model to obtain the burner head 100 green blank.

[0058] Specifically, during 3D printing, the printing layer thickness is 20μm~40μm, and the exposure time for each layer is 4s~6s.

[0059] In this way, printing accuracy and efficiency can be effectively balanced. Thin-layer printing ensures high-fidelity molding of complex lattice and microporous rib structures, significantly reducing the step effect. Optimized exposure time allows each layer of paste to fully solidify and achieve strong interlayer chemical bonding, thereby obtaining a green body with complete structure and no internal defects, laying the structural foundation for subsequent processes.

[0060] Step S40: Degrease the burner head 100 preform at a temperature range of 600℃~800℃ for 1h~3h to obtain the burner head 100 preform.

[0061] In this way, a smooth transition from green body to preform is achieved: this gentle and thorough degreasing process can safely remove organic components, avoid cracking or deformation caused by rapid thermal decomposition, and maintain the integrity and shape stability of the silicon carbide particle skeleton; the resulting preform has sufficient strength for subsequent processing and creates a clean and active material interface for high-temperature sintering.

[0062] Step S50: The burner head 100 preform is sintered at 1800℃~2000℃ under inert gas conditions to obtain the burner head 100.

[0063] By performing precise sintering at 1800℃-2000℃ under inert gas protection, the performance transformation of the burner head 100 structure is finally achieved: This high-temperature sintering process promotes the full densification of silicon carbide particles, significantly improving the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the material while retaining the three-dimensional gradient pore structure, forming a fine-grained and uniform microstructure; the final burner head 100 has high thermal shock resistance, excellent high-temperature load-bearing capacity, and design shape fidelity.

[0064] The method for preparing the burner head 100 provided in this application is used to obtain the burner head 100 provided in the first aspect of this application. By constructing a gradient three-dimensional spatial skeleton model and using 3D printing technology, the diamond lattice structure and longitudinal gradient changes of the burner head 100 can be accurately realized, solving the manufacturing problem of complex and delicate three-dimensional interconnected structures that are difficult to form using traditional foaming, impregnation and other processes. Through optimization of the slurry formulation and control of the layered exposure process, the forming accuracy and uniformity of the burner head 100 green body are ensured, enabling the formation of complex structures with micro-gradient characteristics. The subsequent debinding and sintering processes are matched with the material system, which helps to achieve high sintering density and good high-temperature performance, thereby ensuring the structural integrity and long-term reliability of the burner head 100 under high-temperature combustion environment.

[0065] This application embodiment also provides a burner (not shown), which includes the above-described burner head 100.

[0066] The burner provided in this application embodiment has at least the same advantages as the burner head 100 described above.

[0067] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this application is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that this application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this application. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this application is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be embraced within this application.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this application.

Claims

1. A combustion head characterized by, The combustion head comprises a plurality of basic units arranged in an array along the length, width and height of the combustion head to form, from bottom to top, a lower layer medium, a middle layer medium and an upper layer medium in the height direction; Each basic unit comprises four center-symmetrically arranged hole ribs, and the four hole ribs are connected with the hole ribs of four adjacent basic units to form through holes between the connected basic units; The diameter of the hole ribs of the lower layer medium is greater than that of the middle layer medium, and the diameter of the hole ribs of the middle layer medium is greater than that of the upper layer medium.

2. The combustion head of claim 1, wherein The diameter of the hole ribs of the lower layer medium decreases from bottom to top, and the diameter of the hole ribs of the lower layer medium ranges from 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm; The diameter of the hole ribs of the middle layer medium decreases from bottom to top, and the diameter of the hole ribs of the middle layer medium ranges from 0.6 mm to 0.7 mm; The diameter of the hole ribs of the upper layer medium decreases from bottom to top, and the diameter of the hole ribs of the upper layer medium ranges from 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm.

3. The combustion head of claim 1, wherein The pore size of the through holes of the lower layer medium ranges from 1 mm to 2 mm, the porosity of the lower layer medium ranges from 75% to 80%, and the volume fraction of the hole ribs of the lower layer medium ranges from 20% to 25%; The pore size of the through holes of the middle layer medium ranges from 2 mm to 3 mm, the porosity of the middle layer medium ranges from 80% to 85%, and the volume fraction of the hole ribs of the middle layer medium ranges from 15% to 20%; The pore size of the through holes of the upper layer medium ranges from 3 mm to 4 mm, the porosity of the upper layer medium ranges from 85% to 90%, and the volume fraction of the hole ribs of the upper layer medium ranges from 10% to 15%.

4. The combustion head of claim 1, wherein The combustion head is made of reaction sintered silicon carbide, and the solid phase content of silicon carbide is greater than 75 wt%.

5. A method of making a combustion head, characterized by, A method for preparing the combustion head of any one of claims 1-4, the method comprising the following steps: Preparing a slurry containing silicon carbide; Constructing a gradient three-dimensional space skeleton model; Introducing the gradient three-dimensional space skeleton model into a 3D printing device, using the slurry as raw material, and performing 3D printing according to the gradient three-dimensional space skeleton model to obtain a combustion head green body; Defatting the combustion head green body at a temperature ranging from 600°C to 800°C for a holding time of 1 h to 3 h to obtain a combustion head preform; Sintering the combustion head preform at 1800°C to 2000°C under inert gas to obtain the combustion head.

6. The preparation method of the combustion head of claim 5, wherein The slurry comprises: 75 wt% to 78 wt% of silicon carbide, 15 wt% to 18 wt% of photosensitive resin, 6.5 wt% to 9.5 wt% of sintering aid, and 0.5 wt% of dispersant.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the photosensitive resin comprises one or more of ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, epoxy soybean oil acrylate, aliphatic urethane acrylate, modified urethane acrylate, aromatic urethane acrylate, bisphenol A epoxy acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, cyclotrimethylolpropane formal acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The sintering aid comprises a combination of aluminum oxide and yttrium oxide aid, or a combination of boron carbide and carbon aid, or a combination of boron nitride and carbon aid, or a combination of aluminum and tetraaluminum carbide aid.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the photosensitive resin comprises one or more of ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, epoxy soybean oil acrylate, aliphatic urethane acrylate, modified urethane acrylate, aromatic urethane acrylate, bisphenol A epoxy acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, cyclotrimethylolpropane formal acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The step of constructing the gradually changing three-dimensional space skeleton model comprises: constructing a lower layer medium base unit body framework model; arraying the lower layer medium base unit body framework model along the length, width and height directions of the lower layer medium respectively to obtain a lower layer medium geometric model; constructing a middle layer medium base unit body framework model on the upper end surface of the lower layer medium geometric model, and coinciding the layers where the hole rib models of the lower end surface of the middle layer medium base unit body framework model are located to the layers where the hole rib models of the upper end surface of the lower layer medium geometric model are located in parallel; arraying the middle layer medium base unit body framework model along the length, width and height directions of the middle layer medium respectively to obtain a middle layer medium geometric model; constructing an upper layer medium base unit body framework model on the upper end surface of the middle layer medium geometric model, and coinciding the layers where the hole rib models of the lower end surface of the upper layer medium base unit body framework model are located to the layers where the hole rib models of the upper end surface of the middle layer medium geometric model are located in parallel.

9. The method of claim 5, wherein the printing layer thickness is 20-40 μm and the exposure time of each layer is 4-6 s during 3D printing. The combustion head comprises the combustion head according to any one of claims 1-4. ​ 10. A burner characterized by, ​

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