Method and system for testing ortho-parahydrogen continuous converter, medium and product

Abstract

The invention discloses an ortho-parahydrogen continuous converter test method and system, a medium and a product, and relates to the field of industrial control systems. The objective of the invention is to solve the problems of mutual interference of test parameters and unstable reference caused by cold source coupling in related technical schemes. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out cooling and catalytic conversion on a first hydrogen flow through a first low-temperature refrigerator so as to independently prepare test hydrogen with a specific parahydrogen concentration; and meanwhile, the cooling gas flow is cooled through an independent second low-temperature refrigerator, so that cold fluid with stable temperature is obtained and is used for cooling the converter to be tested. And after the prepared test hydrogen and the cold fluid are respectively introduced into a hot side runner and a cold side runner of the converter to be tested, operating parameters are obtained so as to evaluate the performance of the converter to be tested. Through the design of cold source decoupling, independent and accurate regulation and control of the hydrogen preparation working condition and the cooling reference of the to-be-tested converter are realized, and cross interference during parameter adjustment is avoided, so that the accuracy and comprehensiveness of performance evaluation of the converter under multiple working conditions are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of industrial control systems, and in particular to a test method, system, medium, and product for a continuous positive and negative hydrogen converter. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a clean energy source, has attracted much attention. Liquid hydrogen, in particular, has great application potential in heavy transportation, aerospace, and other fields due to its high storage and transport density. Hydrogen molecules exist in two spin isomers: positive and secondary. At room temperature, positive hydrogen accounts for approximately 75% of gaseous hydrogen, while at the temperature of liquid hydrogen (approximately 20K), the secondary hydrogen content exceeds 99.8%. To avoid evaporation losses caused by the exothermic spontaneous conversion of positive hydrogen during liquid hydrogen storage, a continuous positive-to-secondary hydrogen converter must be used in the hydrogen liquefaction process to accelerate this conversion. Therefore, accurate evaluation of the converter's performance is crucial for the development of hydrogen liquefaction technology.

[0003] To evaluate the performance of continuous converters for both positive and negative hydrogen, a cryogenic testing system is typically constructed. This system generally includes a pre-conversion unit and a testing unit. Room-temperature hydrogen gas from a gas source first flows through a pre-conversion catalytic bed cooled by a cold source (such as liquid nitrogen or a general-purpose refrigeration unit cold head). The contact time between the hydrogen gas and the catalyst is adjusted by controlling the hydrogen flow rate, thereby obtaining a feed gas with a specific concentration of negative hydrogen. This feed gas then enters the continuous converter under test. Simultaneously, the converter's cold flow path is connected to the cold source loop of the same cryogenic system to simulate its operating environment. Sensors placed at the converter's inlet and outlet measure performance parameters such as conversion rate, pressure drop, and heat transfer.

[0004] In the aforementioned testing schemes, the feed gas preparation stage and the cooling stage of the converter under test share the same or interconnected cold source system. When it is necessary to study the converter's performance under varying operating conditions, adjustments to the feed gas preparation parameters (such as temperature or flow rate) will cause fluctuations in the heat load of the entire cryogenic system. This thermodynamic coupling, in turn, interferes with the cold-side temperature stability of the converter under test, which serves as the test benchmark. This cross-influence between parameters increases the difficulty of achieving independent and precise control of a single input variable of the converter (such as inlet temperature or composition), thereby reducing the accuracy of test data and the comprehensiveness of performance evaluation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a testing method, system, medium, and product for a continuous n-parahydrogen converter, which improves the accuracy of test data and the comprehensiveness of performance evaluation for the continuous n-parahydrogen converter.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a testing method for a continuous converter of n- and secondary hydrogen, applied to a server of a continuous converter testing system. The continuous converter testing system further includes a n- and secondary hydrogen converter under test, a first cryogenic refrigerator, a second cryogenic refrigerator, piping components, and sensors. The method includes: cooling a first hydrogen gas stream using the first cryogenic refrigerator to obtain a second hydrogen gas stream with a first secondary hydrogen concentration; the cooling process includes introducing the first hydrogen gas stream into a catalyst bed disposed at the cold end of the first cryogenic refrigerator, the catalyst bed being filled with a n- and secondary hydrogen catalyst; cooling the cooling gas stream using the second cryogenic refrigerator to obtain a cold fluid with a preset temperature; introducing test hydrogen gas stream into the hot-side flow channel of the n- and secondary hydrogen converter under test, and introducing the cold fluid into the continuous converter under test. The cold-side flow channel of the device is used to test the hydrogen flow, which includes a first hydrogen flow and / or a second hydrogen flow. The operating parameters of the test hydrogen-to-hydrogen continuous converter are obtained, including at least the temperatures of the test hydrogen flow and the cold fluid at the inlet and outlet, the secondary hydrogen concentration at the inlet and outlet of the test hydrogen flow, and the pressure drop of the test hydrogen flow. Based on the operating parameters, the performance parameters of the test hydrogen-to-hydrogen continuous converter under the current operating conditions are calculated, including at least the conversion rate, heat transfer coefficient, and drag coefficient. At least one parameter in the test operating conditions is changed, and the above steps are repeated to calculate the performance parameters of the test hydrogen-to-hydrogen continuous converter under multiple operating conditions. The test operating conditions parameters include at least the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator, the flow rate of the first hydrogen flow, the flow rate of the test hydrogen flow, the cooling power of the second cryogenic refrigerator, and the flow rate of the cold fluid.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the server achieves thermodynamic decoupling between the test hydrogen preparation system and the test converter cooling system through the independent configuration of the first and second cryogenic refrigerators. The first cryogenic refrigerator is specifically responsible for cooling the first hydrogen stream and preparing test hydrogen with a specific secondary hydrogen concentration through the catalytic bed, while the second cryogenic refrigerator independently provides a stable cold fluid for the test converter. This dual-cold-source design eliminates the mutual interference that occurs when adjusting test parameters in traditional single-cold-source systems, ensuring that the cold-side reference temperature of the test converter remains stable when the test hydrogen preparation conditions are changed, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test data.

[0008] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first hydrogen gas stream is cooled by a first cryogenic refrigerator to obtain a second hydrogen gas stream with a first secondary hydrogen concentration. Specifically, this includes: pre-cooling the first hydrogen gas stream by introducing it into a first cooling channel of the first cryogenic refrigerator to obtain a first pre-cooled hydrogen gas stream with a temperature reduced to a first preset temperature; introducing the first pre-cooled hydrogen gas stream into a catalytic bed to convert the first pre-cooled hydrogen gas stream into secondary hydrogen through a secondary hydrogen catalyst in the catalytic bed to obtain a first converted hydrogen gas stream with a first secondary hydrogen concentration; and further cooling the first converted hydrogen gas stream into a second cooling channel of the first cryogenic refrigerator to obtain a second hydrogen gas stream with a first secondary hydrogen concentration and a second preset temperature.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the server achieves precise control over the temperature and secondary hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen through a segmented cooling process. The first cooling channel precools the room-temperature hydrogen to a temperature suitable for the catalytic reaction, allowing the catalytic bed to achieve the conversion of ortho- and para-hydrogen under precise temperature control. The second cooling channel performs final temperature regulation on the converted hydrogen. This three-stage processing method not only ensures that the catalytic reaction takes place under optimal temperature conditions but also avoids the impact of thermal shock on catalyst activity through graded temperature control. Simultaneously, it guarantees a stable temperature and precise secondary hydrogen concentration in the output test hydrogen, improving the accuracy and stability of test hydrogen preparation.

[0010] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, at least one parameter in the test operating condition parameters is changed, and the above steps are repeated to calculate the performance parameters of the test continuous converter of n- and secondary hydrogen under multiple operating conditions. Specifically, this includes: when the test operating condition parameters include the secondary hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen gas stream, while maintaining a constant catalyst bed temperature, adjusting the flow rate of the first hydrogen gas stream to adjust the space velocity of the first precooled hydrogen gas stream through the catalyst bed, where the space velocity is the ratio of the volumetric flow rate of the first precooled hydrogen gas stream to the volume of the catalyst bed; based on the change in space velocity, adjusting the contact time between the first precooled hydrogen gas stream and the n- and secondary hydrogen catalyst, thereby adjusting the secondary hydrogen concentration of the first converted hydrogen gas stream to obtain a second hydrogen gas stream with a second secondary hydrogen concentration; using the second hydrogen gas stream with the second secondary hydrogen concentration as the test hydrogen gas stream, introducing it into the hot-side flow channel of the test continuous converter of n- and secondary hydrogen to obtain the corresponding operating parameters; and calculating the performance parameters of the test continuous converter of n- and secondary hydrogen based on the operating parameters under the second secondary hydrogen concentration condition.

[0011] By employing the above technical solution, the server achieves continuous and adjustable control of the secondary hydrogen concentration in the test hydrogen through a space velocity adjustment mechanism. While maintaining a constant catalytic bed temperature, the space velocity is changed by adjusting the flow rate of the first hydrogen stream, thereby adjusting the contact time between the hydrogen and the catalyst, achieving precise adjustment of the secondary hydrogen concentration within the range of 25% to 99%. This concentration adjustment method based on contact time control avoids the impact of temperature changes on system stability, ensuring the consistency and comparability of test conditions under different secondary hydrogen concentrations.

[0012] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first cryogenic refrigerator further includes a heater; before introducing the first pre-cooled hydrogen gas into the catalytic bed and converting the first pre-cooled hydrogen gas into secondary hydrogen through the secondary hydrogen catalyst in the catalytic bed to obtain a first converted hydrogen gas gas with a first secondary hydrogen concentration, the method further includes: determining the target reaction temperature of the catalytic bed based on the first secondary hydrogen concentration; acquiring the actual temperature of the catalytic bed in real time through a temperature sensor installed on the catalytic bed; and coordinating the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator and the heating power of the heater based on the deviation between the target reaction temperature and the actual temperature, so as to stabilize the actual temperature of the catalytic bed within a preset error range of the target reaction temperature.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the server achieves high-precision control of the catalytic bed temperature through coordinated adjustment of cooling and heating power. Temperature sensors monitor the catalytic bed temperature in real time; when a temperature deviation is detected, the system simultaneously adjusts the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator and the heating power of the heater, forming a bidirectional temperature regulation mechanism. In summary, this solution not only improves the response speed and accuracy of temperature control but also effectively suppresses temperature oscillations, ensuring that the catalytic bed temperature remains stable within the preset error range of the target reaction temperature, thereby enhancing the reliability and robustness of the n-parahydrogen continuous converter testing system.

[0014] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after obtaining the operating parameters of the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter, the method further includes: obtaining the inlet intermediate hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen gas flow before entering the hot side flow channel of the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter; when the fluctuation range of the inlet intermediate hydrogen concentration within a preset time period is greater than or equal to a preset concentration threshold, obtaining the outlet intermediate hydrogen concentration and the hot side outlet temperature of the test hydrogen gas flow; and correcting the conversion rate of the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter under the current operating conditions based on the inlet intermediate hydrogen concentration, the outlet intermediate hydrogen concentration, and the hot side outlet temperature.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the server effectively eliminates the impact of inlet secondary hydrogen concentration fluctuations on the accuracy of test results through dynamic concentration monitoring and conversion rate correction. When the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration fluctuation exceeds a preset threshold, the server simultaneously acquires the outlet secondary hydrogen concentration and the hot-side outlet temperature, and calculates the corrected conversion rate based on multiple sets of time-correlated data. In summary, this solution not only improves the reliability of test results but also identifies and quantifies the impact of concentration fluctuations on performance parameters, ensuring accurate converter performance evaluation results even under non-ideal test conditions.

[0016] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the step of obtaining the operating parameters of the test continuous converter of n-parahydrogen specifically includes: after the inlet and outlet temperatures of the hot side flow channel and the cold side flow channel of the test continuous converter of n-parahydrogen have both reached steady-state conditions, the operating parameters of the test continuous converter of n-parahydrogen are obtained. The steady-state condition means that the temperature fluctuation amplitude is less than the preset temperature threshold within a preset time period.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the server ensures the timeliness and accuracy of operational parameter acquisition through steady-state condition judgment. The server continuously monitors the temperature fluctuations at the inlet and outlet of the hot and cold side flow channels, and only begins formal data acquisition when the fluctuations at all temperature measurement points within a preset time period are less than a preset threshold. Therefore, this solution avoids testing errors caused by data acquisition during system transition states, ensuring that the acquired operational parameters truly reflect the performance characteristics of the converter under test under stable operating conditions, and improving the timeliness of data acquisition and the reliability of test results.

[0018] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, test hydrogen gas is introduced into the hot-side flow channel of the continuous converter of the intermediate hydrogen under test, and cold fluid is introduced into the cold-side flow channel of the continuous converter of the intermediate hydrogen under test. Specifically, this includes: introducing test hydrogen gas from the hot-side inlet into the hot-side flow channel of the continuous converter of the intermediate hydrogen under test, and adjusting the flow rate of the test hydrogen gas to adjust the space velocity of the test hydrogen gas flowing into the hot-side flow channel; introducing cold fluid from the cold-side inlet into the cold-side flow channel of the continuous converter of the intermediate hydrogen under test, wherein the flow direction of the test hydrogen gas in the hot-side flow channel and the flow direction of the cold fluid in the cold-side flow channel constitute a counter-current, co-current, or cross-current flow relationship.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the server achieves a comprehensive evaluation of the heat transfer characteristics of the converter under test through flexible flow direction configuration. The server can establish different flow direction relationships, such as counter-current, co-current, or cross-current, according to test requirements, each with different heat transfer effects and temperature distribution characteristics. Counter-current configuration achieves the maximum heat transfer temperature difference and highest heat transfer efficiency, co-current configuration provides a uniform temperature distribution, and cross-current configuration is suitable for converters with special structures. Simultaneously, the server independently controls the flow rate of test hydrogen into the tested anisotropic hydrogen continuous converter via a flow controller, thereby independently adjusting the space velocity of the test hydrogen entering the converter. In summary, this solution effectively improves the coverage of multi-condition testing and the controllability of test conditions.

[0020] Secondly, this application provides a testing system for a continuous converter of n- and para-hydrogen, including a server, a continuous converter of n- and para-hydrogen to be tested, a first cryogenic refrigerator, a second cryogenic refrigerator, piping components, and sensors; the server specifically includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code includes computer instructions, and one or more processors call the computer instructions to cause the server to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0021] Thirdly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed on a service area, cause the service area to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0022] Fourthly, this application provides a computer program product that, when running on a service area, causes the service area to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0023] Understandably, the server provided in the second aspect, the computer program product provided in the third aspect, and the computer storage medium provided in the fourth aspect are all used to execute the methods provided in the embodiments of this application. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0024] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. By employing a dual-cold source configuration—a first cryogenic refrigerator to cool the first hydrogen gas stream to obtain a second hydrogen gas stream with a first secondary hydrogen concentration, and a second cryogenic refrigerator to cool the cooling gas stream to obtain a cold fluid with a preset temperature—the thermodynamic decoupling of the test hydrogen preparation system and the cooling system of the test-tested ortho- and para-hydrogen continuous converter is achieved. This effectively solves the problems of mutual interference of test parameters and unstable reference temperature caused by cold source coupling in related technologies, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of performance parameter testing under multiple operating conditions.

[0025] 2. By employing a technical solution that adjusts the flow rate of the first hydrogen gas stream while maintaining a constant catalytic bed temperature to regulate the space velocity of the first precooled hydrogen gas stream passing through the catalytic bed, and then adjusts the contact time between the first precooled hydrogen gas stream and the ortho- and para-hydrogen catalysts based on the change in space velocity, thereby regulating the para-hydrogen concentration of the first converted hydrogen gas stream, continuous and adjustable control of the para-hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen gas stream is achieved without affecting the stability of other system parameters. This effectively solves the problem of system heat load fluctuations and changes in baseline conditions caused by changing the test hydrogen concentration in related technologies, and thus enables accurate evaluation of the performance of the ortho- and para-hydrogen continuous converter under different para-hydrogen concentration conditions.

[0026] 3. By employing a dynamic correction mechanism that acquires the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen gas flow before it enters the hot-side flow channel of the test continuous hydrogen converter, and acquires the outlet secondary hydrogen concentration and hot-side outlet temperature of the test hydrogen gas flow when the fluctuation range of the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration within a preset time period is greater than or equal to a preset concentration threshold, and corrects the conversion rate of the test continuous hydrogen converter under the current operating conditions based on these parameters, the influence of inlet secondary hydrogen concentration fluctuations on the accuracy of conversion rate calculation can be effectively eliminated. This effectively solves the problems of test result deviation and insufficient data reliability caused by unstable feed concentration in related technologies, and thus achieves accurate and reliable converter performance evaluation results even under non-ideal test conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a test system for a continuous positive and negative hydrogen converter according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a test method for a continuous positive and negative hydrogen converter in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is another schematic flowchart of a test method for a continuous positive and negative hydrogen converter in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the physical device structure of a server in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The terminology used in the following embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification of this application, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to include the plural expressions as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application refers to any or all possible combinations including one or more of the listed items.

[0029] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0030] For ease of understanding, the application scenarios of the embodiments of this application are described below. Please refer to... Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a test system for a continuous positive and negative hydrogen converter in an embodiment of this application. The test system 100 includes a first cryogenic refrigerator 101, a second cryogenic refrigerator 102, a sensor 103, and a server 104.

[0031] At the cold end of the first cryogenic refrigerator 101, a first cooling channel (H1), a catalyst bed (OP1), and a second cooling channel (H2) for preparing test hydrogen are connected in series via a piping assembly. The piping assembly connects an external hydrogen source to the inlet of the first cooling channel (H1) and connects the outlet of the second cooling channel (H2) to the inlet of the hot side flow channel of the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter (HX-OP).

[0032] The cold end of the second cryogenic refrigerator 102 is connected to a cooling channel (H3) for preparing cold fluid via a piping assembly. The piping assembly connects an external cooling gas source to the inlet of the cooling channel (H3) and connects the outlet of the cooling channel (H3) to the inlet of the cold side flow channel of the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter (HX-OP).

[0033] The sensor 103 includes: temperature sensors (T3, T4, T5, T6) respectively installed at the inlet and outlet of the hot side flow channel and the cold side flow channel of the continuous converter (HX-OP) to be tested; a differential pressure sensor (DP) connected across the inlet and outlet of the hot side flow channel; and a concentration sensor (BGA) connected to the inlet and outlet of the hot side flow channel to measure the concentration of secondary hydrogen.

[0034] Server 104 communicates with sensor 103, first cryogenic refrigerator 101, second cryogenic refrigerator 102, and actuators such as flow controllers (FIC1, FIC2, FIC4) and heaters (Q1) integrated in the piping assembly to receive operating parameters collected by sensor 103 and send control commands.

[0035] In related technologies, performance testing of continuous converters for both primary and secondary hydrogen can be achieved by employing a shared or coupled single cold source system. The following describes a scenario using a testing method for a continuous converter for both primary and secondary hydrogen from this related technology. The testing system in this technology is typically equipped with only one main cryogenic cold source. This source is responsible for cooling the pre-conversion catalytic bed used to prepare the test hydrogen and simultaneously providing cooling to the cold-side flow channel of the converter under test. When the tester wants to study the effect of test hydrogen with different secondary hydrogen concentrations on converter performance, they need to adjust the hydrogen flow rate entering the pre-conversion catalytic bed. However, changes in flow rate directly cause changes in the heat load of the main cold source, leading to fluctuations in its cold-side temperature. Since the cold side of the converter under test is also cooled by this main cold source, its operating reference temperature also becomes unstable. Ultimately, the tester cannot accurately determine whether the changes in converter performance parameters are caused by changes in the secondary hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen or by the unstable cold-side reference temperature. This parameter coupling interference severely affects the accuracy of the test results.

[0036] The dual cryogenic refrigerator testing system with cold source decoupling described in this application provides independent cryogenic cold sources for the test hydrogen preparation and the cold-side flow channel of the converter under test, enabling independent and precise control of the test hydrogen operating parameters and the cold-end reference temperature of the converter under test. This not only covers a wider range of test conditions, but also allows for more precise control. The following describes a scenario using a continuous converter testing method for ortho- and para-hydrogen according to this application. The testing system of this application employs an innovative dual cryogenic refrigerator decoupling design. When the tester needs to change the para-hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen, they issue a command to the first cryogenic refrigerator 101 system through the server 104, for example, adjusting the flow controller (FIC1) connected to the inlet of the first cooling channel (H1). This command changes the space velocity of the hydrogen flow through the catalyst bed (OP1), thereby precisely obtaining test hydrogen with a new target concentration. Throughout the process, although the heat load of the first cryogenic refrigerator changes, this is completely independent of the cooling system of the converter under test. The second cryogenic refrigerator 102 continuously and stably provides a constant low temperature to the cold-side flow channel of the tested intermediate hydrogen continuous converter (HX-OP), and its operation is unaffected by any adjustments to the operating conditions of the first cryogenic refrigerator. The server 104 monitors and confirms the stability of the cold-side temperature baseline using temperature sensors (T5, T6), and then collects data from the concentration sensor (BGA) and differential pressure sensor (DP). This achieves independent and precise control of the inlet intermediate hydrogen concentration, ensuring that the final converter performance parameters (such as conversion rate and heat transfer coefficient) are highly accurate and reliable.

[0037] As can be seen, by adopting the cold source decoupling design in the embodiments of this application, while realizing the multi-condition performance evaluation of the positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter, it can also effectively solve the problems of mutual interference of test parameters and unstable reference caused by cold source coupling in related technologies, thereby achieving high precision and high reliability of test results and improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of converter performance evaluation.

[0038] To facilitate understanding, the method provided in this implementation will be described in detail below, using the above scenario as an example. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a test method for a continuous positive and negative hydrogen converter in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] S201. The first hydrogen gas stream is cooled by a first cryogenic refrigerator to obtain a second hydrogen gas stream with a first secondary hydrogen concentration; the cooling process includes introducing the first hydrogen gas stream into a catalyst bed disposed at the cold end of the first cryogenic refrigerator, the catalyst bed being filled with a secondary hydrogen catalyst. Here, the first cryogenic refrigerator refers to a device capable of providing cooling power in a low-temperature environment, typically a GM refrigerator or a pulse tube refrigerator; the first hydrogen flow refers to room-temperature hydrogen input from an external hydrogen source, meaning a raw hydrogen flow with a temperature typically within the room temperature range and a positive hydrogen content of approximately 75%; the first secondary hydrogen concentration refers to the mass fraction or mole fraction of secondary hydrogen in the hydrogen after treatment by the catalytic bed, meaning a secondary hydrogen content parameter that can be adjusted by controlling the catalytic reaction conditions, typically varying from 25% to 99.8%; the second hydrogen flow refers to the hydrogen output after complete cooling treatment by the first cryogenic refrigerator, meaning a treated hydrogen flow with a specific secondary hydrogen concentration and low-temperature state; the catalytic bed refers to a reaction vessel filled with positive and secondary hydrogen catalysts, meaning a catalytic reaction region located at the cold end of the first cryogenic refrigerator to promote the conversion of positive hydrogen to secondary hydrogen; the positive and secondary hydrogen catalyst refers to a catalytic material capable of accelerating the spin isomerization conversion of hydrogen molecules, meaning catalyst particles typically made of iron oxide, activated carbon, or other transition metal compounds.

[0040] The server of the continuous converter for n- and secondary hydrogen (hereinafter referred to as the server) begins executing this step after receiving the test command, typically after system initialization is complete and the first cryogenic refrigerator reaches its set operating temperature. Specifically, the server first controls the first cryogenic refrigerator to start and adjusts its cooling power to bring the catalytic bed to the target temperature, which is determined according to the required concentration of the first secondary hydrogen, typically within the range of 20K-50K. Subsequently, the server instructs the mass flow controller to introduce the first hydrogen gas stream at a set flow rate. The hydrogen is first cooled to near the catalytic reaction temperature in the pre-cooling channel of the first cryogenic refrigerator, and then enters the catalytic bed to fully contact the n- and secondary hydrogen catalysts. Under the action of the catalysts, the n- to secondary hydrogen conversion reaction occurs, and the degree of conversion depends on the catalytic bed temperature, hydrogen residence time, and catalyst activity. The catalytically converted hydrogen continues to be further cooled in the post-cooling channel of the first cryogenic refrigerator, finally outputting a second hydrogen gas stream with the first secondary hydrogen concentration and a preset temperature. The temperature of this hydrogen gas stream is typically controlled within the range of 20K-30K, and the secondary hydrogen concentration can be precisely adjusted according to test requirements.

[0041] S202. The cooling gas flow is cooled by a second cryogenic refrigerator to obtain a cold fluid with a preset temperature. The second cryogenic refrigerator refers to a separate refrigeration unit independent of the first cryogenic refrigerator. It typically has a larger refrigeration capacity to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the cold side of the tested intermediate hydrogen continuous converter, with a refrigeration capacity reaching several hundred watts. The cooling gas flow refers to the working gas circulating in the cooling circuit of the second cryogenic refrigerator, usually high-purity helium or nitrogen, which has good heat transfer performance and chemical stability. The preset temperature refers to the target temperature of the cold fluid set in advance according to the test requirements, usually in the range of 15K-50K. The setting of this temperature needs to consider the operating temperature range of the intermediate hydrogen continuous converter under test and the test conditions. The setting scheme includes determining the reference temperature based on the actual liquid hydrogen system conditions, and then setting a variation range of ±5K based on the reference temperature to study the effect of temperature on the converter performance. The cold fluid refers to the circulating working fluid that has reached the preset temperature after being cooled by the second cryogenic refrigerator. It serves as the cold source for the cold side of the intermediate hydrogen continuous converter under test, and its temperature stability directly affects the accuracy of the test results.

[0042] This step is performed when the testing system for the continuous converter of n-parahydrogen requires a stable cooling environment for the converter under test. Specifically, the server starts the second cryogenic refrigerator and sets its cooling power, while simultaneously starting the cooling gas circulation system, including a circulation pump or compressor, flow control valves, and other equipment. The cooling gas enters the circulation loop from the gas storage tank or gas source, first undergoing deep cooling through the cold head of the second cryogenic refrigerator, resulting in a gas temperature close to the refrigerator's minimum cooling temperature. To obtain a precise preset temperature, the system employs a temperature control strategy, adjusting the cooling power of the second cryogenic refrigerator, the flow rate of the cooling gas, and, if necessary, the power of electric heating, to stabilize the cold fluid temperature within ±0.2K of the preset temperature. After reaching the preset temperature, the cold fluid is delivered to the cold-side inlet of the continuous converter under test through insulated piping, completing the establishment of the cooling environment. Throughout the process, the server continuously monitors parameters such as the temperature, flow rate, and pressure of the cold fluid to ensure the stable operation of the cooling system.

[0043] Optionally, in some embodiments, the server may adopt a split-flow mixing temperature control method, in which part of the cooling gas flow is deeply cooled to the lowest temperature by a second cryogenic refrigerator, and another part of the cooling gas flow is kept at a higher temperature by a bypass. Then, the two gases are mixed in proportion by an adjustable three-way mixing valve, and the mixing ratio is adjusted to obtain the desired preset temperature. This method has a fast response speed and high temperature regulation accuracy.

[0044] S203. Test hydrogen gas is introduced into the hot side channel of the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter, and cold fluid is introduced into the cold side channel of the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter. The test hydrogen gas flow includes a first hydrogen gas flow and / or a second hydrogen gas flow. The test hydrogen flow refers to the hydrogen flow used to test the performance of the test continuous hydrogen converter. It can be the first hydrogen flow (room temperature hydrogen with a secondary hydrogen concentration of approximately 25%), the second hydrogen flow (pre-converted low-temperature hydrogen with a first secondary hydrogen concentration), or a combination of both. Different test hydrogen flows can be flexibly selected by switching the valve system. The test continuous hydrogen converter refers to the hydrogen conversion equipment to be tested, which is usually a plate-fin or shell-and-tube heat exchanger structure, filled with a hydrogen catalyst, and has two independent fluid channels: a hot-side channel and a cold-side channel. The hot-side channel is the channel through which the test hydrogen flow passes in the test continuous hydrogen converter. The hydrogen undergoes hydrogen conversion in this channel and exchanges heat with the cold side. The channel design needs to consider the balance between heat transfer efficiency and pressure loss. The cold-side channel is the channel through which the cold fluid passes in the test continuous hydrogen converter. It is used to remove the heat released during the hydrogen conversion process and maintain the operating temperature of the converter.

[0045] After the test hydrogen and cold fluid preparation processes are completed in the continuous converter test system, this step is executed when establishing the test conditions for the converter under test is required. Specifically, the server first selects the appropriate test hydrogen flow type according to the test requirements, and guides either the first or second hydrogen flow to the test hydrogen flow pipeline by controlling the three-way switching valve, or mixes the two hydrogen flow through flow distribution. Then, the server opens the test hydrogen flow supply valve, allowing the test hydrogen flow to enter the hot-side channel of the converter under test from the hot-side inlet. In the hot-side channel, the hydrogen comes into contact with the catalyst, undergoing a conversion reaction and releasing heat. Simultaneously, the server controls the cold fluid to enter the cold-side channel of the converter under test from the cold-side inlet. The cold fluid absorbs the heat released by the hot-side hydrogen conversion through the heat exchange wall, maintaining the converter's temperature balance. During the flow process, the test hydrogen and cold fluid can be configured with different flow directions, such as counter-current, co-current, or cross-current, to study the impact of different flow directions on converter performance. The server continuously monitors the inlet and outlet parameters of both channels to ensure the system reaches a stable test state.

[0046] S204. Obtain the operating parameters of the test hydrogen and cold fluid continuous converter. The operating parameters include at least the temperatures of the test hydrogen flow and cold fluid at the inlet and outlet, the concentration of secondary hydrogen at the inlet and outlet of the test hydrogen flow, and the pressure drop of the test hydrogen flow. Among them, the operating parameters represent the various physical and chemical parameters of the tested anisotropic hydrogen continuous converter under stable operating conditions. These parameters can comprehensively reflect the working status and performance of the converter, including measurement data from multiple dimensions such as temperature, concentration, pressure, and flow rate. The inlet and outlet temperatures refer to the temperature values ​​of the test hydrogen gas flow and cold fluid when entering and leaving the tested anisotropic hydrogen continuous converter. They typically include four measurement points: hot-side inlet temperature, hot-side outlet temperature, cold-side inlet temperature, and cold-side outlet temperature. The temperature measurement accuracy needs to reach ±0.1K to ensure the accuracy of the calculation results. The anisotropic hydrogen concentration at the inlet of the test hydrogen gas flow reflects the initial state of the hydrogen entering the converter, and the anisotropic hydrogen concentration at the outlet reflects the final state of the hydrogen after being processed by the converter. The difference between the two is directly related to the conversion efficiency of the converter. The pressure drop refers to the pressure loss generated when the test hydrogen gas flow passes through the hot-side flow channel of the tested anisotropic hydrogen continuous converter. It is usually expressed as the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure, with units of Pa or kPa.

[0047] When the test hydrogen and cold fluid flows in the continuous converter under test reach a stable state and the fluctuations of various parameters are within the allowable range, the server executes this step. Specifically, the server first collects real-time temperature data of the test hydrogen and cold fluid at the inlet and outlet using temperature sensors distributed at key locations throughout the system. These sensors typically employ platinum resistance thermometers or thermocouples, featuring fast response and high accuracy, with a sampling frequency set to 1-10Hz to capture temperature change trends. Subsequently, the server controls a secondary hydrogen concentration analyzer to sample and analyze the test hydrogen flow at the inlet and outlet. By switching sampling valves, the secondary hydrogen concentration at the inlet and outlet is measured sequentially, with each measurement point lasting at least 30 seconds to ensure data stability. Simultaneously, the server directly measures the pressure drop of the test hydrogen flow using pressure sensors and differential pressure transmitters installed at the inlet and outlet of the hot-side flow channel. The range and accuracy of the pressure sensors need to be selected based on the expected pressure drop range. In addition, the server also simultaneously collects flow rate data of the test hydrogen and cold fluid, as well as other auxiliary parameters of the system such as ambient temperature and vacuum level. All data is recorded and stored with a unified timestamp, forming a complete operating parameter dataset.

[0048] S205. Based on the operating parameters, calculate the performance parameters of the test positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter under the current operating conditions. The performance parameters include at least the conversion rate, heat transfer coefficient and drag coefficient. Among them, the performance parameters represent the key indicators used to evaluate the working effect and technical level of the tested positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter. These parameters can quantify the converter's conversion capacity, heat transfer capacity and flow characteristics under specific operating conditions; the conversion rate refers to the proportion of positive hydrogen to negative hydrogen in the test hydrogen gas flow; the heat transfer coefficient refers to the amount of heat transferred per unit area and per unit temperature difference, used to characterize the heat transfer performance of the tested positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter, with the unit being W / (m²·K); the drag coefficient refers to the flow resistance characteristics of the fluid passing through the tested positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter, usually expressed as Darcy friction factor or drag coefficient.

[0049] Once the server has completed the collection of operating parameters and confirmed the data validity, this step is executed when a quantitative evaluation of the performance of the tested intermediate hydrogen converter is required. Specifically, the server first calls the built-in physical property database to query the corresponding hydrogen physical property parameters, including density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and viscosity, based on the inlet and outlet temperatures and pressures of the test hydrogen flow. Simultaneously, it calculates the equilibrium intermediate hydrogen concentration at the outlet temperature. Subsequently, the server uses the conversion rate calculation formula: (outlet intermediate hydrogen concentration - inlet intermediate hydrogen concentration) / (equilibrium intermediate hydrogen concentration - inlet intermediate hydrogen concentration), where the equilibrium intermediate hydrogen concentration is the theoretical equilibrium value at the outlet temperature. Combining the intermediate hydrogen concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the test hydrogen flow and the equilibrium intermediate hydrogen concentration, the server calculates the conversion rate under the current operating conditions and verifies the reasonableness of the calculation results to ensure that the conversion rate is within a reasonable range of 0-100%. For the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient, the server first calculates the heat released during the intermediate hydrogen conversion, determines the conversion heat load based on the conversion rate and hydrogen flow rate, then calculates the sensible heat transfer, and finally calculates the overall heat transfer coefficient by combining the logarithmic mean temperature difference and heat exchange area. For calculating the drag coefficient, the server uses fluid dynamics formulas to calculate the Darcy friction factor or other forms of drag coefficient based on the pressure drop, flow rate, density of the test hydrogen gas, and the geometric parameters of the converter. Throughout the calculation process, the server automatically performs unit conversions and numerical corrections to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the results.

[0050] S206. Change at least one parameter in the test operating condition parameters, repeat the above steps, and calculate the performance parameters of the test-tested positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter under multiple operating conditions. The test operating condition parameters include at least the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator, the flow rate of the first hydrogen gas, the flow rate of the test hydrogen gas, the cooling power of the second cryogenic refrigerator, and the flow rate of the cold fluid.

[0051] Among them, the test condition parameters represent the adjustable operating conditions that affect the performance of the tested positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter. Changes in these parameters can simulate the performance of the converter under different working environments.

[0052] When the performance parameters of a test operating point are calculated and the performance characteristics of the tested n-parahydrogen continuous converter need to be obtained over a wider range of operating conditions, the server executes this step. Specifically, the server automatically selects the next test operating point based on a preset test plan or a parameter scanning range input by the user, and determines the test operating parameters that need to be changed and their target values. The server first smoothly adjusts the selected operating parameters, for example, by adjusting the mass flow controller to change the hydrogen flow rate, or by adjusting the chiller controller to change the cooling power. The adjustment process is gradual to avoid system shock. After the parameter adjustment is completed, the server waits for the system to reach steady state again. The steady state is determined by monitoring the fluctuations of key parameters, and the steady state judgment criteria are consistent with the requirements in step S204. After the n-parahydrogen continuous converter test system reaches steady state, the server automatically repeats steps S201 to S205, including re-preparing the test hydrogen flow, adjusting the cold fluid state, establishing a new test operating condition, collecting operating parameters, and calculating performance parameters. The server associates and stores the test results of each operating point with the corresponding operating parameters, gradually building a performance database for the tested n-parahydrogen continuous converter. After all preset operating conditions have been tested, the server automatically generates performance curves and data reports, providing comprehensive data support for the performance evaluation and optimization design of the converter.

[0053] Optionally, the server can automatically adjust the flow rate of the first hydrogen gas, the flow rate of the test hydrogen gas, the flow rate of the cold fluid, the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator, and / or the cooling power of the second cryogenic refrigerator based on a preset combination of multiple test condition parameters. Under each combination of test parameters, the corresponding operating parameters are automatically collected and stored after the system reaches a steady state.

[0054] In this embodiment, a dual-cold-source decoupling scheme is adopted, which independently prepares the test hydrogen gas flow through a first cryogenic refrigerator and independently prepares the cold fluid through a second cryogenic refrigerator. Combined with a complete process of obtaining the operating parameters of the test hydrogen continuous converter, calculating performance parameters, and changing the test conditions for repeated testing, the independent control of the test hydrogen gas flow preparation conditions and the cooling reference conditions of the test hydrogen continuous converter is achieved. This ensures the stability of the test reference and the controllability of a single variable during multi-condition testing. It effectively solves the problem in related technologies where test parameters interfere with each other and the test reference is unstable due to cold source coupling, making it difficult to accurately evaluate a single variable. Thus, a comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the performance parameters of the hydrogen continuous converter under multiple conditions is achieved.

[0055] Based on the above embodiments, the method provided in this embodiment will be described in further detail below. Please refer to... Figure 3 This is another flowchart illustrating a test method for a continuous positive and negative hydrogen converter in an embodiment of this application.

[0056] S301. The first hydrogen gas is introduced into the first cooling channel of the first cryogenic refrigerator for pre-cooling treatment, so as to obtain a first pre-cooled hydrogen gas flow with the temperature reduced to the first preset temperature. The first cooling channel refers to the first heat exchange channel set on the heat sink of the first cryogenic refrigerator head, usually a spiral coil or straight pipe structure, used to realize the initial heat exchange between hydrogen and the refrigerator head; pre-cooling treatment refers to the process of initially cooling room temperature hydrogen through cryogenic refrigeration equipment, with the aim of reducing the hydrogen temperature from ambient temperature (about 300K) to an intermediate temperature range suitable for catalytic reaction; the first preset temperature refers to the target temperature value of the first pre-cooled hydrogen flow, usually set in the range of 60K-90K. The setting of this temperature needs to consider the temperature requirements of the subsequent catalytic reaction and the cooling capacity of the refrigerator. The setting scheme includes determining the baseline value based on the activation temperature of the catalyst, and then reserving a temperature margin of 5-10K considering the heat transfer loss of the pipeline; the first pre-cooled hydrogen flow refers to the hydrogen flow output after pre-cooling treatment in the first cooling channel, whose temperature has been reduced to the first preset temperature, but the secondary hydrogen concentration still remains in the initial state (about 25%), providing suitable temperature conditions for the subsequent catalytic conversion process.

[0057] When the continuous converter test system for both primary and secondary hydrogen is started and needs to begin preparing test hydrogen with a specific secondary hydrogen concentration, the server executes this step. Specifically, the server first checks the operating status of the first cryogenic refrigerator to confirm that it has reached a stable cooling power output. Then, it starts the hydrogen supply system and precisely controls the flow rate of the first hydrogen stream through the mass flow controller FIC1. The flow rate setpoint is determined based on the space velocity and residence time required for the subsequent catalytic reaction. The first hydrogen stream, originating from a room-temperature hydrogen source, passes through a pressure reducing valve, filter, and flow controller before entering the first cooling channel on the heat sink of the first cryogenic refrigerator's cold head. Within the channel, it undergoes sufficient heat exchange with the refrigerator's cold head, and the hydrogen temperature gradually decreases. The server monitors the hydrogen temperature in real time using a temperature sensor installed at the outlet of the first cooling channel. When the temperature approaches the first preset temperature, the system automatically adjusts the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator or the hydrogen flow rate to ensure that the temperature of the output first pre-cooled hydrogen stream remains stable within ±1K of the first preset temperature. Throughout the pre-cooling process, the server continuously records parameters such as the inlet and outlet temperatures, flow rates, and pressures of the hydrogen, providing data support for subsequent heat balance calculations and system optimization.

[0058] Optionally, in some embodiments, the server may adopt a segmented precooling method. The server controls the first hydrogen flow to first pass through the precooling section set in the first stage cold head of the first cryogenic refrigerator to be initially cooled to an intermediate temperature (such as 150K), and then enters the deep precooling section set in the second stage cold head to be further cooled to the first preset temperature. Each precooling section is equipped with an independent temperature sensor and flow regulating valve. The server adjusts the heat exchange effect of each section separately through a PID control algorithm to ensure that the temperature gradient is reasonable and the heat exchange efficiency is optimal.

[0059] S302. Determine the target reaction temperature of the catalyst bed based on the concentration of the first secondary hydrogen; obtain the actual temperature of the catalyst bed in real time using a temperature sensor installed on the catalyst bed. The target reaction temperature refers to the operating temperature of the catalyst bed that needs to be controlled to obtain a specific first secondary hydrogen concentration. This temperature value is determined by consulting the relationship curve or data table between the equilibrium concentration of normal and secondary hydrogen and temperature, and is usually in the range of 20K-60K. For example, to obtain a secondary hydrogen concentration of 75%, the catalyst bed temperature needs to be controlled at about 30K. The temperature sensor refers to a high-precision low-temperature temperature measuring device installed inside or on the surface of the catalyst bed. The measurement accuracy needs to reach ±0.05K and the response time needs to be less than 10 seconds. The actual temperature refers to the current temperature value of the catalyst bed obtained by the temperature sensor in real time.

[0060] Simultaneously or before the first hydrogen gas flow enters the first cooling channel for pre-cooling, the server needs to ensure the catalyst bed has suitable reaction temperature conditions. Specifically, the server first queries the equilibrium temperature data corresponding to the first secondary hydrogen concentration from its built-in property database. Considering the kinetic characteristics of the catalytic reaction and practical engineering margins, a correction value of 2-5K is added to the equilibrium temperature to determine the target reaction temperature of the catalyst bed. Subsequently, the server initiates a temperature monitoring program, reading the temperature sensor signals installed on the catalyst bed in real time at a frequency of 1-10Hz via a data acquisition card, converting the analog voltage or resistance signals into temperature values. The server filters the acquired temperature data to eliminate the influence of electromagnetic interference and random noise, and then compares the processed actual temperature value with the target reaction temperature to calculate the temperature deviation. When the temperature deviation exceeds the preset control accuracy requirement (usually ±0.1K), the server triggers the temperature control algorithm to prepare for adjustment of the cooling and heating power. The entire temperature monitoring process is continuous, providing real-time feedback signals for subsequent precise temperature control.

[0061] S303. Based on the deviation between the target reaction temperature and the actual temperature, coordinately adjust the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator and the heating power of the heater to stabilize the actual temperature of the catalyst bed within the preset error range of the target reaction temperature.

[0062] Here, deviation represents the difference between the target reaction temperature and the actual temperature, used to quantify the accuracy of the current temperature control. A positive deviation indicates that the actual temperature is lower than the target temperature, while a negative deviation indicates that the actual temperature is higher than the target temperature. Coordinated regulation refers to simultaneously adjusting the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator and the heating power of the heater. Through their combined action, precise control of the catalytic bed temperature is achieved, avoiding the response lag and insufficient control accuracy problems of single control methods. The heater refers to the electric heating device installed near the catalytic bed, typically a resistance wire heater or a thin-film heater, with a power range of 1-50W. It is used to provide compensatory heating when the cooling power is too high, achieving fine temperature regulation. The preset error range represents the maximum allowable deviation between the actual temperature of the catalytic bed and the target reaction temperature. Setting this parameter requires balancing control accuracy and system stability requirements, and is typically set to ±0.1K to ±0.5K. The setting scheme includes determining the baseline accuracy based on the temperature sensitivity of the catalytic reaction, and then determining the final range considering the sensor accuracy and the response characteristics of the control system.

[0063] This step is executed when the server detects a deviation between the actual temperature of the catalyst bed and the target reaction temperature, and this deviation exceeds a preset error range. Specifically, the server activates the temperature control algorithm, typically employing a PID control strategy, to calculate the required control output based on the magnitude of the temperature deviation, its rate of change, and the cumulative error. When the actual temperature is lower than the target reaction temperature, the server reduces the cooling power output of the first cryogenic refrigerator while appropriately increasing the heating power of the heater; the adjustment range of both is determined based on the magnitude of the deviation and the system response characteristics. When the actual temperature is higher than the target reaction temperature, the server increases the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator while reducing or shutting down the heating power of the heater. During the adjustment process, the server continuously monitors the temperature change trend and dynamically adjusts the output amplitude and rate of change of the control parameters to avoid temperature oscillations and overshoot. When the actual temperature of the catalyst bed enters the preset error range and remains stable for more than a preset time (usually 2-5 minutes), the server determines that the temperature control has reached a stable state, providing a stable temperature environment for the subsequent catalytic reaction process.

[0064] S304. The first pre-cooled hydrogen gas is introduced into the catalyst bed, and the first pre-cooled hydrogen gas is converted into secondary hydrogen by the secondary hydrogen catalyst in the catalyst bed to obtain a first converted hydrogen gas with a first secondary hydrogen concentration. Among them, the conversion of positive and secondary hydrogen refers to the chemical process in which hydrogen molecules transform from positive hydrogen spin isomers to secondary hydrogen spin isomers. The degree of conversion depends on factors such as temperature, pressure, catalyst activity, and contact time. The positive and secondary hydrogen catalyst refers to the catalytic material that can promote the conversion of positive hydrogen to secondary hydrogen. Commonly used catalysts include hydrated iron oxide, iron-based catalysts supported on activated carbon, and nickel-based catalysts. The catalyst is usually packed in the catalyst bed. The first converted hydrogen gas flow refers to the hydrogen gas flow output after passing through the positive and secondary hydrogen catalysts in the catalyst bed. Its secondary hydrogen concentration has been converted from the initial approximately 25% to the target first secondary hydrogen concentration. At the same time, the temperature may increase due to the exothermic conversion.

[0065] The server executes this step once the catalytic bed temperature has stabilized within the preset error range of the target reaction temperature and the first pre-cooled hydrogen flow is ready. Specifically, the server controls the opening of the pipeline valves, allowing the first pre-cooled hydrogen flow from the first cooling channel to smoothly enter the catalytic bed, ensuring sufficient contact between the hydrogen and the n- and para-hydrogen catalyst particles. The server precisely controls the hydrogen flow rate through the flow controller FIC1 to ensure that the hydrogen space velocity (the ratio of volumetric flow rate to catalytic bed volume) in the catalytic bed is maintained within a preset range, typically 100-2000 h⁻¹. The space velocity directly affects the contact time and conversion degree between hydrogen and the catalyst. Inside the catalytic bed, hydrogen molecules undergo a n- and para-hydrogen conversion reaction on the catalyst surface. This reaction is exothermic, releasing approximately 1.4 kJ of heat per mole of hydrogen converted. The server monitors the temperature change of the converted hydrogen using a temperature sensor installed at the catalytic bed outlet. The degree of temperature rise indirectly assesses the progress of the conversion reaction. Simultaneously, the server continuously monitors the temperature distribution of the catalytic bed to ensure uniform temperature across the entire bed and prevent localized overheating or undercooling from affecting the conversion effect. After a preset residence time (usually 10-300 seconds), hydrogen flows out from the catalytic bed outlet, forming a first converted hydrogen stream with a first secondary hydrogen concentration. The secondary hydrogen concentration of this hydrogen stream can be precisely controlled within the range of 25%-99% by adjusting the catalytic bed temperature and the hydrogen residence time.

[0066] Optionally, in some embodiments, the server can employ a cyclic conversion method. The server controls the first conversion hydrogen flow to re-enter the catalytic bed through a reflux pipeline for secondary conversion. By adjusting the reflux ratio and the temperature of the reflux hydrogen, the overall conversion rate can be improved without changing the main temperature of the catalytic bed. The server precisely controls the flow rate and temperature of the reflux hydrogen through a flow control valve and a temperature regulating device installed on the reflux pipeline, while monitoring the changes in the secondary hydrogen concentration of the mainstream and reflux hydrogen to achieve dynamic optimization of the conversion process.

[0067] It is understandable that other methods can be used to achieve the conversion of n- and para-hydrogen, such as using different catalytic bed structures like fixed-bed reactors or fluidized-bed reactors, which are not limited here.

[0068] S305. The first converted hydrogen gas is introduced into the second cooling channel of the first cryogenic refrigerator for further cooling to obtain a second hydrogen gas flow with a first secondary hydrogen concentration and a second preset temperature.

[0069] The second cooling channel refers to the second heat exchange channel installed on the heat sink of the first cryogenic refrigerator head, located downstream of the catalytic bed. It is usually a coil or straight tube structure and is used for the final temperature regulation of the hydrogen gas after catalytic conversion. The second cooling refers to the process of cooling the first converted hydrogen gas stream a second time. The purpose is to cool the hydrogen gas, whose temperature has risen due to the exothermic reaction of catalytic conversion, to the preset output temperature to ensure that the output hydrogen gas has suitable temperature conditions. The second preset temperature refers to the target output temperature of the second hydrogen gas stream. This temperature is determined according to the inlet temperature requirements of the continuous converter of the positive and negative hydrogen under test. It is usually set in the range of 20K-40K. The setting scheme includes determining the benchmark value based on the optimal operating temperature of the converter under test, and reserving an adjustment margin of 1-3K considering pipeline heat transfer loss and temperature control accuracy. The second hydrogen gas stream refers to the final output hydrogen gas stream after being cooled again by the second cooling channel. This hydrogen gas stream has both the target first negative hydrogen concentration and the second preset temperature.

[0070] The server executes this step when the first converted hydrogen gas flows out of the catalytic bed and its temperature is higher than the temperature required for subsequent testing due to the exothermic conversion. Specifically, the server monitors the outlet temperature of the first converted hydrogen gas. When the temperature is detected to be higher than the second preset temperature, it automatically guides the hydrogen gas into the second cooling channel. In the second cooling channel, the first converted hydrogen gas exchanges heat with the cold head of the first cryogenic refrigerator, and the hydrogen temperature gradually decreases. The server ensures sufficient cooling capacity in the second cooling channel by adjusting the cooling power distribution of the first cryogenic refrigerator, and precisely controls the cooling effect by controlling the flow rate and residence time of the hydrogen in the second cooling channel. During the cooling process, the server continuously monitors the inlet and outlet temperatures of the hydrogen, calculates the actual cooling effect, and compares it with the theoretical calculation value to promptly detect and handle abnormalities. When the hydrogen temperature approaches the second preset temperature, the server fine-tunes the cooling power or hydrogen flow rate to ensure the stability and accuracy of the output temperature. After further cooling, the hydrogen temperature decreases to the second preset temperature while maintaining the first secondary hydrogen concentration unchanged, forming the final second hydrogen gas flow. The server is equipped with a temperature sensor and a secondary hydrogen concentration sampling port at the outlet of the second cooling channel to monitor the temperature and concentration parameters of the second hydrogen gas flow in real time, ensuring that it meets the requirements of subsequent tests.

[0071] S306. The cooling gas flow is cooled by a second cryogenic refrigerator to obtain a cold fluid with a preset temperature. This step and Figure 2The description of step S202 in the embodiment is similar and will not be repeated here.

[0072] S307. The test hydrogen gas flow is introduced into the hot side channel of the test hydrogen continuous converter from the hot side inlet, and the flow rate of the test hydrogen gas is adjusted to adjust the space velocity of the test hydrogen gas flowing into the hot side channel. The hot-side inlet indicates the interface location where the test hydrogen gas enters the continuous converter under test. It is usually a flange connection or a threaded connection structure, equipped with temperature and pressure sensors to monitor inlet parameters. The hot-side flow channel indicates the channel inside the continuous converter under test through which the test hydrogen gas flows. The flow channel is filled with a hydrogen catalyst and the channel structure can be plate-fin type, shell-and-tube type or spiral coil type.

[0073] The server executes this step once the second hydrogen stream has been prepared and has a stable first secondary hydrogen concentration and second preset temperature, and the cold fluid system is ready. Specifically, the server first checks the connection status and sealing of the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter, confirming that all pipeline connections are secure and leak-free. Then, the server controls the start valve of the test hydrogen stream supply system, allowing the second hydrogen stream to flow as the test hydrogen stream into the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter. The server precisely adjusts the flow rate of the test hydrogen stream through the flow controller FIC4; the flow rate setpoint is determined according to the test conditions, typically within the range of 0.1-5 g / s. The test hydrogen stream reaches the hot-side inlet of the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter through a preheated or insulated pipeline. The server monitors the inlet temperature and pressure of the hydrogen in real time using a temperature sensor T3 and a pressure sensor installed at the hot-side inlet. After entering the hot-side flow channel from the hot-side inlet, the hydrogen comes into contact with the packed intermediate hydrogen catalyst within the flow channel, undergoing further intermediate hydrogen conversion reactions. The server continuously monitors the pressure distribution and temperature changes within the hot-side flow channel. It measures the pressure drop of hydrogen flowing through the entire hot-side flow channel using a differential pressure sensor (DP). This pressure drop reflects the flow resistance characteristics of the flow channel.

[0074] S308. The cold fluid is introduced into the cold side channel of the continuous positive and negative hydrogen converter under test from the cold side inlet, and the flow direction of the hydrogen gas in the hot side channel and the flow direction of the cold fluid in the cold side channel are tested to form a counter-current, co-current or cross-current flow relationship.

[0075] The cold-side inlet indicates the interface location where the cold fluid enters the tested continuous hydrogen converter. It is independent of the hot-side inlet and is equipped with corresponding temperature and pressure monitoring devices. The cold-side channel indicates the passage through which the cold fluid passes inside the tested continuous hydrogen converter. This channel is separated from the hot-side channel by a heat exchange wall and is used to remove the heat released during the hot-side hydrogen conversion process, maintaining the thermal balance of the converter. The flow direction indicates the flow path and direction of the fluid in its respective channel, which affects the heat exchange effect and pressure loss characteristics.

[0076] The server executes this step after the test hydrogen flow has begun entering the hot-side channel and the flow has stabilized. Specifically, the server activates the cold fluid supply system, controlling the flow of cold fluid from the storage container or circulation system to the test neu-parahydrogen continuous converter. The server precisely adjusts the flow rate of the cold fluid through the flow controller FIC2. The flow rate setpoint is determined based on heat transfer matching requirements and test conditions, and is typically proportional to the test hydrogen flow rate. The cold fluid reaches the cold-side inlet of the test neu-parahydrogen continuous converter through an insulated pipeline. The server monitors the inlet temperature of the cold fluid using a temperature sensor T5 installed at the cold-side inlet to ensure it meets the preset temperature requirements. Based on the structural design of the test neu-parahydrogen continuous converter and the test requirements, the server determines the flow direction by controlling the opening status of the inlet and outlet valves. For a counter-flow configuration, the server ensures that the test hydrogen flow enters from one end of the hot-side channel, and the cold fluid enters from the opposite end of the cold-side channel, flowing in opposite directions within the channels; for a co-flow configuration, both fluids enter from the same end of their respective channels and flow in the same direction; for a cross-flow configuration, the flow directions of the two fluids are perpendicular to each other. The server continuously monitors the temperature distribution and pressure changes within the two flow channels, and obtains temperature gradient information within the flow channels through temperature sensors installed at different locations to evaluate the impact of different flow direction relationships on heat transfer performance.

[0077] S309. After the inlet and outlet temperatures of the hot and cold side channels of the continuous converter to be tested reach steady-state conditions, the operating parameters of the continuous converter to be tested are obtained. The steady-state condition means that the temperature fluctuation is less than the preset temperature threshold within a preset time period.

[0078] The preset time period represents the time window used to determine steady state. The setting scheme includes determining the reference time based on the heat capacity and heat transfer time constant of the test positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter, and then determining the final time period considering the requirements of measurement accuracy and data reliability. The preset temperature threshold represents the fluctuation limit for judging temperature stability. The setting scheme includes determining the reference threshold based on the measurement accuracy of the temperature sensor, and then determining the final threshold considering system noise and environmental interference.

[0079] The server executes this step once the test hydrogen and cold fluid have been introduced into the corresponding channels of the tested continuous hydrogen converter and the system has begun to establish heat transfer equilibrium. Specifically, the server initiates a steady-state monitoring program, continuously acquiring data from temperature sensors installed at the inlet and outlet of the hot and cold side channels at a high frequency (typically 0.1-1Hz). The server stores the acquired temperature data within a sliding time window, the window length of which is equal to a preset time period. As new data is added, the oldest data is removed from the window. For each temperature measurement point, the server calculates the maximum, minimum, and fluctuation amplitude of the temperature data within the current time window in real time. When the fluctuation amplitude of all four temperature measurement points is less than the preset temperature threshold, the system determines that the temperature has reached steady-state conditions. In addition to temperature stability assessment, the server also monitors the stability of other key parameters, including the flow rate and pressure of the test hydrogen and cold fluid, to ensure that the entire system is in a stable operating state. Once the system reaches steady-state conditions, the server triggers a data acquisition program to obtain operating parameters, including precise measurements of the steady-state values ​​of each temperature sensor, measurement of the inlet and outlet secondary hydrogen concentrations of the test hydrogen flow using a BGA sound velocity meter, measurement of the pressure drop in the hot-side flow channel using a DP differential pressure sensor, and recording of the flow setpoints and actual values ​​of each flow controller. During data acquisition, the server continuously monitors system stability; if any parameter deviates from steady-state conditions, data acquisition is immediately stopped, and the system waits for steady-state establishment again.

[0080] S310. Obtain the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen gas flow before it enters the hot side flow channel of the test intermediate hydrogen continuous converter. The inlet secondary hydrogen concentration represents the mole fraction of secondary hydrogen in the test hydrogen gas stream before it enters the hot-side flow channel of the test secondary hydrogen continuous converter.

[0081] Specifically, the server initiates the measurement program of the sound velocity meter (BGA), and introduces the test hydrogen gas flow from the sampling point before the hot-side inlet into the measurement chamber of the sound velocity meter by controlling the sampling valve. The sound velocity meter determines the secondary hydrogen concentration by emitting ultrasonic waves and measuring their propagation speed in the hydrogen gas, as ortho-hydrogen and secondary hydrogen have different sound velocity characteristics. The server controls the sound velocity meter to perform continuous measurements, with each measurement cycle lasting 10-30 seconds, and performs 3-5 consecutive cycles to ensure data reliability. During the measurement process, the server simultaneously records the temperature and pressure at the sampling point, as sound velocity is related to temperature and pressure, requiring temperature and pressure corrections to obtain accurate secondary hydrogen concentration values. The server converts the electrical signal output by the sound velocity meter into a digital signal via a data acquisition card, and then calculates the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration based on a pre-established sound velocity-concentration calibration curve.

[0082] S311. When the fluctuation range of the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration within a preset time period is greater than or equal to the preset concentration threshold, obtain the outlet secondary hydrogen concentration and the hot-side outlet temperature of the test hydrogen gas flow. The preset concentration threshold represents the fluctuation limit used to determine whether the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration is stable. The setting scheme includes determining the benchmark threshold based on the reproducibility accuracy of the sound velocity meter, and then determining the final threshold by considering the stability of the upstream preparation system and the test accuracy requirements. The outlet secondary hydrogen concentration represents the mole fraction of secondary hydrogen after the test hydrogen gas flows out of the hot side flow channel of the test positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter. The hot side outlet temperature represents the temperature value of the test hydrogen gas flow at the hot side outlet position.

[0083] When the server detects a concentration fluctuation greater than or equal to a preset concentration threshold during continuous monitoring of the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration, it executes this step. Specifically, the server immediately initiates a dynamic tracking measurement program to simultaneously acquire secondary hydrogen concentration and temperature data at the hot-side outlet. The server controls a sampling valve to introduce a hydrogen sample from the hot-side outlet into a sound velocity meter for concentration analysis. The sampling pipeline is insulated or heated to avoid the influence of temperature changes on the concentration measurement. Simultaneously with the outlet concentration measurement, the server accurately measures the hot-side outlet temperature using a temperature sensor installed at the outlet. The temperature measurement response time should be less than 10 seconds to ensure time synchronization with the concentration measurement. Since inlet concentration fluctuations may be periodic or random, the server employs a high-frequency synchronous measurement strategy, simultaneously measuring the inlet concentration, outlet concentration, and outlet temperature every 10-30 seconds to establish a time-correlated data sequence for these three parameters. During data acquisition, the server calculates the concentration change rate and temperature change rate in real time. When the change rate exceeds a preset limit, the measurement time is automatically extended to obtain more data samples.

[0084] S312. Based on the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration, outlet secondary hydrogen concentration, and hot-side outlet temperature, correct the conversion rate of the tested positive and secondary hydrogen continuous converter under the current operating conditions.

[0085] After obtaining the outlet secondary hydrogen concentration and hot-side outlet temperature data corresponding to the fluctuation period of the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration, the server executes this step. Specifically, the server starts the conversion rate correction calculation program. First, it queries the hydrogen property database based on the hot-side outlet temperature to obtain the equilibrium secondary hydrogen concentration value at that temperature. The server uses the conversion rate calculation formula η=(C_out-C_in) / (C_eq-C_in), where C_out is the outlet secondary hydrogen concentration, C_in is the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration, and C_eq is the equilibrium secondary hydrogen concentration at the outlet temperature. Due to the fluctuation of the inlet concentration, the server calculates the instantaneous conversion rate for each set of time-synchronized inlet concentration, outlet concentration, and outlet temperature data, and then calculates the corrected average conversion rate using a weighted average or time integration method.

[0086] Optionally, during the correction calculation process, the server can also consider the impact of uncertainties in concentration and temperature measurements on the conversion rate calculation, and use error propagation theory to calculate the uncertainty range of the corrected conversion rate. The server will compare and analyze the conversion rates before and after correction to assess the degree of impact of inlet concentration fluctuations on the calculation results. When the degree of impact exceeds a preset threshold, the server will indicate the data quality level in the test report.

[0087] S313. Based on the operating parameters, calculate the performance parameters of the test positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter under the current operating conditions. The performance parameters include at least the conversion rate, heat transfer coefficient and drag coefficient. This step and Figure 2 The description of step S205 in the embodiment is similar and will not be repeated here.

[0088] S314. Change at least one parameter in the test operating condition parameters, repeat the above steps, and calculate the performance parameters of the test-tested positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter under multiple operating conditions. The test operating condition parameters include at least the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator, the flow rate of the first hydrogen gas, the flow rate of the test hydrogen gas, the cooling power of the second cryogenic refrigerator, and the flow rate of the cold fluid.

[0089] When the test operating parameters include the secondary hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen gas flow, the flow rate of the first hydrogen gas flow is adjusted to adjust the space velocity of the first precooled hydrogen gas flow through the catalyst bed while keeping the catalyst bed temperature constant. The space velocity is the ratio of the volumetric flow rate of the first precooled hydrogen gas flow to the volume of the catalyst bed. Based on the change in space velocity, the contact time between the first precooled hydrogen gas stream and the positive and negative hydrogen catalysts is adjusted, thereby adjusting the negative hydrogen concentration of the first converted hydrogen gas stream to obtain a second hydrogen gas stream with a second negative hydrogen concentration. A second hydrogen gas stream with a second secondary hydrogen concentration is used as the test hydrogen gas stream and introduced into the hot side channel of the test positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter to obtain the corresponding operating parameters. Based on the operating parameters under the second secondary hydrogen concentration condition, the performance parameters of the test positive secondary hydrogen continuous converter are calculated.

[0090] Among them, the test condition parameters represent the adjustable operating variables that affect the performance test results of the tested positive and negative hydrogen continuous converter. Changes in these parameters directly affect the heat transfer, mass transfer, and catalytic conversion characteristics of the converter. Multiple operating conditions represent different combinations of operating conditions established by systematically changing the test condition parameters, used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the converter under various operating conditions. The second negative hydrogen concentration represents a new negative hydrogen concentration value obtained by adjusting the space velocity and contact time, which is different from the first negative hydrogen concentration and is used to study the effect of different feed concentrations on the converter performance.

[0091] After completing performance testing at one operating point and obtaining complete performance parameters, the server executes this step. Specifically, the server first selects the parameter combination for the next operating point from a preset test matrix. The test matrix typically contains a multi-level orthogonal or full-factor design with 3-5 parameters. The server begins system adjustment based on the selected operating parameters. When it is necessary to change the secondary hydrogen concentration in the test hydrogen stream, the server maintains the target reaction temperature of the catalyst bed constant and adjusts the flow rate of the first hydrogen stream by regulating the flow controller FIC1. The flow rate adjustment range is typically 50%-200% of the original set value. The flow rate change directly alters the space velocity of the first pre-cooled hydrogen stream through the catalyst bed. The server calculates the current space velocity value in real time and monitors its impact on the contact time. As the contact time changes, the degree of reaction between the first pre-cooled hydrogen stream and the ortho- and para-hydrogen catalysts changes. The server monitors the change in the secondary hydrogen concentration of the first converted hydrogen stream using a BGA sound velocity meter. When the concentration stabilizes at the new target value, a second hydrogen stream with a second secondary hydrogen concentration is confirmed. The server then uses this second hydrogen stream as a new test hydrogen stream in the tested neutral-to-parallel hydrogen continuous converter, repeating the complete test procedure from steps S307 to S313. Under each new operating condition, the server waits for the system to reach steady-state conditions, acquires complete operating parameters, and calculates the corresponding performance parameters. The server stores the test data for all operating conditions in a structured database, establishing a correlation between parameters and performance, providing data support for converter design optimization and operational guidance.

[0092] In this embodiment, a dual-cold-source decoupled test architecture is adopted. Based on this, a series of refined control and data processing procedures are integrated, including: coordinating the cooling power of the first cryogenic refrigerator and the heating power of the heater to achieve precise temperature control of the catalytic bed; adjusting the flow rate of the first hydrogen gas stream to adjust the space velocity while maintaining a constant catalytic bed temperature to achieve independent control of the secondary hydrogen concentration in the test hydrogen stream; and dynamically correcting the conversion rate when the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration fluctuates. Therefore, independent and precise control of test parameters and real-time, dynamic correction of operating data are achieved. This effectively solves the problems of mutual interference and unstable benchmarks of test parameters caused by cold-source coupling, as well as inaccurate test data caused by upstream operating condition fluctuations in related technologies. This improves the accuracy and reliability of performance parameter evaluation for the continuous positive and secondary hydrogen converter over a wide operating range.

[0093] The server in the embodiments of this invention is described below from the perspective of hardware processing. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the physical device structure of a server in an embodiment of this application.

[0094] It should be noted that, Figure 4 The server structure shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitations on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0095] like Figure 4 As shown, the server includes a CPU 401, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a program stored in the read-only memory ROM 402 or a program loaded from the storage section 408 into the random access memory RAM 403, such as performing the methods described in the above embodiments. The RAM 403 also stores various programs and data required for system operation. The CPU 401, ROM 402, and RAM 403 are interconnected via a bus 404. An I / O interface 405 is also connected to the bus 404.

[0096] The following components are connected to I / O interface 405: input section 406 including audio input devices, push-button switches, etc.; output section 407 including a liquid crystal display (LCD) and audio output devices, indicator lights, etc.; storage section 408 including a hard disk, etc.; and communication section 409 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, modem, etc. Communication section 409 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. Drive 410 is also connected to I / O interface 405 as needed. Removable media 411, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., are installed on drive 410 as needed so that computer programs read from them can be installed into storage section 408 as needed.

[0097] In particular, according to embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing computer programs for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 409, and / or installed from removable medium 411. When the computer program is executed by CPU 401, it performs the various functions defined in the present invention.

[0098] It should be noted that specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0099] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. Each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, program segment, or portion of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings.

[0100] Specifically, the server in this embodiment includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a test method for a continuous positive and negative hydrogen converter provided in the above embodiment.

[0101] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the server described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the server. The storage medium carries one or more computer programs that, when executed by a processor of the server, cause the server to implement a method for testing a continuous positive and negative hydrogen converter provided in the above embodiments.

[0102] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0103] As used in the above embodiments, depending on the context, the term "when..." can be interpreted as meaning "if...", "after...", "in response to determining...", or "in response to detecting...". Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "when determining..." or "if (the stated condition or event) is interpreted as meaning "if determining...", "in response to determining...", "when (the stated condition or event) is detected", or "in response to detecting (the stated condition or event)".

[0104] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes described in the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM or random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A primary-to-secondary hydrogen continuous converter test method characterized by, The application relates to a server applied to a primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter test system, wherein the primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter test system further comprises a to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter, a first low-temperature refrigerator, a second low-temperature refrigerator, a pipeline assembly and a sensor, and the method comprises the following steps: cooling treatment of a first hydrogen stream by the first low-temperature refrigerator to obtain a second hydrogen stream with a first secondary hydrogen concentration; the cooling treatment comprises passing the first hydrogen stream into a catalytic bed arranged at the cold end of the first low-temperature refrigerator, and the catalytic bed is filled with a primary-secondary hydrogen catalyst; cooling of a cooling gas stream by the second low-temperature refrigerator to obtain a cold fluid with a preset temperature; passing a test hydrogen stream into a hot side flow channel of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter, and passing the cold fluid into a cold side flow channel of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter, wherein the test hydrogen stream comprises the first hydrogen stream and / or the second hydrogen stream; acquiring operation parameters of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter, wherein the operation parameters at least include the temperatures of the test hydrogen stream and the cold fluid at the inlet and outlet, the secondary hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen stream at the inlet and outlet, and the pressure drop of the test hydrogen stream; calculating performance parameters of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter under a current working condition according to the operation parameters, wherein the performance parameters at least include a conversion rate, a heat transfer coefficient and a resistance coefficient; changing at least one parameter in the test working condition parameters, repeating the above steps, and calculating the performance parameters of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter under multiple working conditions, wherein the test working condition parameters at least include the refrigeration power of the first low-temperature refrigerator, the flow of the first hydrogen stream, the flow of the test hydrogen stream, the refrigeration power of the second low-temperature refrigerator and the flow of the cold fluid.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, cooling treatment of a first hydrogen stream by a first low-temperature refrigerator to obtain a second hydrogen stream with a first secondary hydrogen concentration, and the cooling treatment specifically comprises the following steps: passing the first hydrogen stream into a first cooling channel of the first low-temperature refrigerator for precooling treatment to obtain a first precooling hydrogen stream with a temperature reduced to a first preset temperature; passing the first precooling hydrogen stream into a catalytic bed to convert the first precooling hydrogen stream into a first conversion hydrogen stream with a first secondary hydrogen concentration by a primary-secondary hydrogen catalyst in the catalytic bed; passing the first conversion hydrogen stream into a second cooling channel of the first low-temperature refrigerator for secondary cooling to obtain a second hydrogen stream with the first secondary hydrogen concentration and a second preset temperature.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, changing at least one parameter in the test working condition parameters, repeating the above steps, and calculating the performance parameters of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter under multiple working conditions, and the steps specifically comprise the following steps: when the test working condition parameters include the secondary hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen stream, adjusting the flow of the first hydrogen stream to adjust the space velocity of the first precooling hydrogen stream through the catalytic bed under the condition that the temperature of the catalytic bed is kept constant, wherein the space velocity is the ratio of the volume flow of the first precooling hydrogen stream to the volume of the catalytic bed. adjusting a contact time of the first pre-cooled hydrogen stream with the primary-secondary hydrogen catalyst based on the change value of the space velocity, so as to adjust a secondary hydrogen concentration of the first converted hydrogen stream, and obtaining the second hydrogen stream with a second secondary hydrogen concentration; passing the second hydrogen stream with the second secondary hydrogen concentration into a hot side flow channel of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter as the test hydrogen stream, and obtaining corresponding operating parameters; calculating performance parameters of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter according to the operating parameters under the second secondary hydrogen concentration condition.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, The first low-temperature refrigerator further comprises a heater; Before passing the first pre-cooled hydrogen stream into the catalytic bed layer and converting the first pre-cooled hydrogen stream through the primary-secondary hydrogen catalyst in the catalytic bed layer to obtain the first converted hydrogen stream with the first secondary hydrogen concentration, the method further comprises: determining a target reaction temperature of the catalytic bed layer according to the first secondary hydrogen concentration; real-time obtaining an actual temperature of the catalytic bed layer through a temperature sensor arranged in the catalytic bed layer; adjusting a refrigeration power of the first low-temperature refrigerator and a heating power of the heater according to a deviation between the target reaction temperature and the actual temperature, so as to stabilize the actual temperature of the catalytic bed layer within a preset error range of the target reaction temperature.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, After obtaining the operating parameters of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter, the method further comprises: obtaining an inlet secondary hydrogen concentration of the test hydrogen stream before entering the hot side flow channel of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter; when a fluctuation amplitude of the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration within a preset time period is greater than or equal to a preset concentration threshold, obtaining an outlet secondary hydrogen concentration and a hot side outlet temperature of the test hydrogen stream at a hot side outlet; based on the inlet secondary hydrogen concentration, the outlet secondary hydrogen concentration and the hot side outlet temperature, correcting a conversion rate of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter under a current condition.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of obtaining the operating parameters of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter specifically comprises: after inlet and outlet temperatures of the hot side flow channel and the cold side flow channel of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter reach a steady state condition, obtaining the operating parameters of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter, the steady state condition being that a fluctuation amplitude of the temperature is less than a preset temperature threshold within a preset time period.

7. The primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter test method of claim 1, wherein, The step of passing the test hydrogen stream into the hot side flow channel of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter and passing the cold fluid into the cold side flow channel of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter specifically comprises: passing the test hydrogen stream from a hot side inlet into the hot side flow channel of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter, and adjusting a flow rate of the test hydrogen stream, so as to adjust a space velocity of the test hydrogen stream passing into the hot side flow channel; passing the cold fluid from a cold side inlet into the cold side flow channel of the to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter, a flow direction of the test hydrogen stream in the hot side flow channel and a flow direction of the cold fluid in the cold side flow channel forming a counterflow, a co-current or a crossflow flow relationship.

8. A primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter test system characterized by, The system comprises a server, a to-be-tested primary-secondary hydrogen continuous converter, a first low-temperature refrigerator, a second low-temperature refrigerator, a pipeline assembly and a sensor. The server specifically comprises: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled with the one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program codes, the computer program codes comprise computer instructions, and the one or more processors invoke the computer instructions to enable the service area to execute the method in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that, When the instructions run on the service area, enable the service area to execute the method in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer program product, characterised in that, When the computer program product runs on the service area, enable the service area to execute the method in any one of claims 1-7.

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