High-voltage narrow pulse signal isolation acquisition system and method based on adaptive dynamics

Abstract

The invention provides a high-voltage narrow pulse signal isolation acquisition system and method based on self-adaptive dynamics, which can realize high-voltage narrow pulse signal acquisition with a compressed self-adaptive photoelectric isolation dynamic acquisition range. High-voltage narrow pulse signals are processed through an adaptive conditioning circuit, the high-voltage signals are linearly converted to the input range of an ADC in an undistorted mode, high-speed sampling and digitization are carried out through the ADC, digital signals are coded through a first control module, and the digital signals are sent out through a high-speed optical transceiver module and an optical fiber. And at a receiving end, the high-speed optical transceiver module converts the received optical signal into an electric signal, and the signal is decoded and subjected to data reconstruction and restoration through the second control module, so that an original high-voltage signal waveform is restored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a high-voltage narrow pulse signal isolation acquisition system and method based on adaptive dynamics, belonging to the field of high-voltage pulse signal measurement technology. Background Technology

[0002] For the pulse signals of solid rocket motor ignition control systems in complex and harsh environments, characterized by high voltage, narrow pulse width, and fast rise time, traditional high-voltage narrow pulse signal acquisition methods use high-voltage differential probes or resistive voltage dividers. These methods pose a risk of high-voltage signals flowing into downstream acquisition equipment, resulting in poor isolation. Furthermore, the distributed parameters of traditional passive probes or voltage dividers, such as capacitance to ground and lead inductance, significantly affect the high-frequency characteristics of the signal when measuring high voltage, leading to pulse signal waveform distortion. Moreover, given the large amplitude variation range of high-voltage narrow pulse signals, fixed-gain acquisition systems struggle to accommodate this, resulting in amplifier saturation at high amplitudes and insufficient resolution and poor signal-to-noise ratio at low amplitudes. In floating-ground measurements or situations with strong electromagnetic interference, the common-mode rejection ratio of traditional measurement methods drops sharply at high frequencies, causing the measurement results to be overwhelmed by noise, making it difficult to acquire the true pulse signal. Therefore, current signal acquisition systems suffer from drawbacks such as non-isolation, signal distortion, and fixed acquisition range. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a high-voltage narrow pulse signal isolation acquisition system and method based on adaptive dynamics, which can realize high-voltage narrow pulse signal acquisition with adaptive opto-isolation dynamic acquisition range compression.

[0004] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0005] A high-voltage narrow pulse signal isolation and acquisition system based on adaptive dynamics includes: an adaptive conditioning circuit, an AD conversion module, a first control module, a high-speed fiber optic transceiver, and a second control module. The adaptive conditioning circuit is used to receive high-voltage narrow pulse signals and linearly transform the high-voltage narrow pulse signals to the input voltage range of the AD conversion module without distortion. The AD conversion module is used to perform high-speed sampling and digitization of the signal output by the adaptive conditioning circuit to generate a digital signal; The first control module is used to encode the digital signal and control the high-speed fiber optic transceiver; The high-speed fiber optic transceiver is used to transmit the encoded digital signal in the form of an optical signal through an optical fiber. The second control module is used to receive the optical signal, convert it into an electrical signal, and decode and reconstruct the electrical signal to restore the original high-voltage narrow pulse signal waveform.

[0006] The adaptive conditioning circuit includes a varistor and a linear resistor. The volt-ampere characteristic of the varistor approximately satisfies the formula: I = k × Vα, where I is the current flowing through the varistor, V is the voltage across the varistor, k is a constant, and α is the varistor coefficient. The adaptive conditioning circuit is configured to have high gain at low input voltage and low gain at high input voltage to dynamically compress the signal range and ensure that the AD conversion module always operates in the linear region.

[0007] The system further includes a self-calibration circuit, which comprises a precision voltage reference source and a precision multiplexer. The precision multiplexer has multiple input channels, including an external signal input channel, a calibration positive reference voltage channel, and a calibration ground channel. The first control module is configured to control the channel switching of the precision multiplexer and to perform offset error calibration and gain error calibration through a self-calibration algorithm to generate calibration coefficients and update system parameters.

[0008] The self-calibration algorithm includes: Offset error calibration: Switch the precision multiplexer to the calibration ground channel and obtain the zero-point offset error by sampling through the AD conversion module; Gain error calibration: Switch the precision multiplexer to the calibration positive reference voltage channel and obtain the gain error by sampling through the AD conversion module; The parameters of the linear correction model are calculated based on the offset error and gain error, and are used to perform linear correction on the output data of the AD conversion module.

[0009] The system also includes a temperature compensation mechanism, comprising a digital temperature sensor and a stored "temperature-parameter" model; the digital temperature sensor is located near the adaptive conditioning circuit for real-time temperature monitoring; the first control module is configured to query the "temperature-parameter" model based on the real-time temperature value and calculate the data reconstruction parameters at the current temperature through linear interpolation to dynamically adjust the data reconstruction algorithm.

[0010] The second control module is configured to reverse the nonlinear transformation of the adaptive conditioning circuit through a data reconstruction algorithm to restore the original high-voltage signal waveform. The data reconstruction algorithm is based on a pre-stored calibration data lookup table and uses linear interpolation to calculate the original voltage value corresponding to each sampling point.

[0011] This invention provides a method for isolating and acquiring high-voltage narrow-pulse signals based on adaptive dynamics. Using the system described in this invention, the method includes the following steps: Step 1: The high-voltage narrow pulse signal is dynamically compressed using an adaptive conditioning circuit and linearly transformed to the input voltage range of the AD conversion module without distortion. Step 2: Use an AD conversion module to perform high-speed sampling and digitization of the conditioned signal to generate a digital signal; Step 3: The digital signal is encoded by the first control module and transmitted as an optical signal via optical fiber through a high-speed optical fiber transceiver; Step 4: At the receiving end, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by a high-speed fiber optic transceiver, and the electrical signal is decoded and reconstructed by the second control module to restore the original high-voltage narrow pulse signal waveform.

[0012] Prior to step one, a self-calibration step is included: system calibration is performed through a self-calibration circuit, specifically including: Switch to the calibration ground channel to obtain the zero-point offset error; Switch to the calibration positive reference voltage channel to obtain the gain error; The linear correction coefficients are calculated based on the offset error and gain error, and the system parameters are updated.

[0013] The method further includes a temperature compensation step: real-time temperature monitoring using a digital temperature sensor, and querying and interpolating data reconstruction parameters at the current temperature based on a pre-stored "temperature-parameter" model to dynamically adjust the data reconstruction algorithm.

[0014] The data reconstruction step includes: Based on the pre-stored calibration data lookup table, the output data of the AD conversion module is looked up and linearly interpolated to calculate the original voltage value; Use an FIR filter to filter the data in real time to suppress noise.

[0015] Beneficial effects (1) In the system of the present invention, the high voltage narrow pulse signal is processed by the adaptive conditioning circuit to transform the high voltage signal linearly to the input range of the ADC without distortion. The ADC is used for high-speed sampling and digitization. The digital signal is encoded by the first control module and transmitted through the high-speed optical transceiver module using optical fiber. At the receiving end, the high-speed optical transceiver module converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal. The signal is decoded and the data is reconstructed and restored by the second control module to recover the original high voltage signal waveform.

[0016] (2) The system of the present invention adopts a self-calibration design and algorithm, wherein the adaptive conditioning circuit controls the amplitude of high voltage narrow pulse signals of different amplitudes within the range of the back-end ADC, which solves the problem that a single range cannot capture pulses with huge amplitude differences at the same time, and significantly improves the effective dynamic range of the system.

[0017] (3) The present invention places the calibration source at the pulse signal input end to achieve full-link calibration, which can effectively compensate for the drift of the front-end components with temperature and time, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the system's long-term measurement.

[0018] (4) The system of the present invention uses a data reconstruction algorithm to reverse the nonlinear transformation performed by the front-end conditioning circuit and restore the compressed signal collected by the ADC to the original high-voltage pulse signal.

[0019] (5) In this invention, the received digital signal is substituted into the inverse function to accurately restore the original high voltage signal waveform, thus transferring the complex linearity and accuracy issues from the analog part to the digital part, thereby improving the overall accuracy and stability of the system.

[0020] (6) In the method of the present invention, firstly, the high voltage narrow pulse signal is processed by an adaptive conditioning circuit to linearly transform the high voltage signal to the input range of the ADC without distortion, and then the ADC is used for high-speed sampling and digitization. The digital signal is encoded by the first control module and transmitted through the high-speed optical transceiver module using optical fiber. At the receiving end, the high-speed optical transceiver module converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and then the second control module decodes and reconstructs the signal to restore the original high voltage signal waveform. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the data reconstruction algorithm flow in the system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] This invention provides a high-voltage narrow-pulse signal isolation and acquisition system based on adaptive dynamics, the system as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the system of this invention includes an adaptive conditioning circuit, an AD conversion module, a first control module, a high-speed fiber optic transceiver, and a second control module. The high-voltage narrow-pulse signal undergoes signal processing through the adaptive conditioning circuit, linearly transforming the high-voltage signal to the input range of the ADC without distortion. The ADC performs high-speed sampling and digitization of the high-voltage signal. The first control module encodes the digital signal, which is then transmitted via fiber optic cable through the high-speed optical transceiver module. At the receiving end, the high-speed optical transceiver module converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and the second control module decodes and reconstructs the signal to restore the original high-voltage signal waveform.

[0025] Specifically, the second control module precisely reverses the nonlinear transformation performed by the front-end conditioning circuit, restoring the compressed signal acquired by the ADC to the original high-voltage pulse signal. Figure 2 The flowchart illustrates the data reconstruction algorithm. In this embodiment of the invention, the reference voltage source in the self-calibration design must meet requirements such as extremely low temperature drift and low noise, and the precision multiplexer must have three input channels. Channel switching of the precision multiplexer is controlled by a second control module sending commands via optical fiber. In this embodiment, the self-calibration compensation model database is tested point-by-point across the entire operating temperature range (e.g., -40°C, -20°C, 0°C, 25°C, 50°C, 85°C). The recorded database is stored in the Flash memory of the first control module, forming a lookup table. The temperature compensation mechanism triggers a parameter update only when the temperature change exceeds a set threshold (e.g., 5°C); otherwise, the previous set of parameters is used.

[0026] This invention also provides an adaptive dynamic high-voltage narrow pulse signal isolation and acquisition method. Based on the system implementation of this invention, firstly, the high-voltage narrow pulse signal is processed by an adaptive conditioning circuit to linearly transform the high-voltage signal to the input range of an ADC without distortion. Then, the ADC is used for high-speed sampling and digitization. The digital signal is encoded by a first control module and transmitted through an optical fiber via a high-speed optical transceiver module. At the receiving end, the high-speed optical transceiver module converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal. Then, the signal is decoded and reconstructed by a second control module to recover the original high-voltage signal waveform.

[0027] The specific steps of the method of the present invention are as follows: Step 1: The amplitude of high-voltage narrow pulse signals of varying magnitudes is controlled within the range of the downstream ADC using an adaptive conditioning circuit. This adaptive conditioning circuit consists of a varistor and a linear resistor. Based on the transfer function characteristics of the varistor, its gain is high at low input voltages and low at high input voltages. Compared to traditional multi-range switching methods, which suffer from blind spots and slow speed, this conditioning circuit ensures that the input of the downstream ADC always operates in the linear region at any pulse amplitude, significantly improving the system's effective dynamic range.

[0028] In the above adaptive conditioning circuit, the volt-ampere characteristic of the varistor approximately satisfies the following formula:

[0029] Where: I is the current flowing through the varistor; V is the voltage across the varistor; k is a constant; and α is the varistor coefficient. When the pulse signal amplitude is very low, the varistor is equivalent to a linear resistor, forming a linear voltage divider with the linear resistor, maximizing the voltage division ratio. When the pulse signal amplitude is very high, the node voltage is raised, exceeding the clamping threshold of the varistor, and I increases. At this point, the rise rate of the output voltage is much lower than the rise rate of the input voltage, and the output voltage satisfies...

[0030] At this point, the voltage division ratio of the circuit decreases, and the dynamic range is compressed.

[0031] Step 2: Place a high-precision digital temperature sensor near the pulse signal input, close to the varistor. The sensor connects to the first control module via an IIC or SPI interface, allowing the control module to read the temperature value in real time. Each temperature point is calibrated using a constant temperature chamber to obtain a set of data reconstruction parameters corresponding to that temperature point. A parameter table is generated and stored for all temperature points and their corresponding parameters, forming a "temperature-parameter" model. During normal system operation, the first control module continuously monitors the real-time temperature value, looks up the table in real time, retrieves the reconstruction parameters corresponding to two adjacent temperatures Tk and Tk+1, and then performs linear interpolation in the parameter space to calculate the parameters at the current temperature. The newly calculated parameter set is dynamically loaded into the data reconstruction algorithm to ensure that the reconstruction algorithm always uses the most accurate parameters adapted to the current operating temperature.

[0032] Step 3: Utilize an external precision voltage reference source to provide a benchmark for system self-calibration, ensuring the long-term measurement accuracy and stability of the system. System self-calibration is configured to be performed simultaneously with each power-on self-test. The precision voltage reference source, combined with a precision multiplexer, forms a self-calibration circuit. The precision multiplexer has three inputs: CH0 (external high-voltage signal input), CH1 (calibration positive reference voltage), and CH2 (calibration ground). CH1 is provided by the precision voltage reference source, and the channel switching of the precision multiplexer is controlled by the first control module.

[0033] The system employs a self-calibration algorithm to perform offset error calibration, gain error calibration, and calculate calibration coefficients before updating the parameters. Offset error calibration involves switching the precision multiplexer to channel CH2, sampling this channel multiple times using an ADC, and averaging the results to obtain the system's zero-point offset error, ADC_offset. Gain error calibration involves switching the precision multiplexer to channel CH1 +V_ref, sampling this channel multiple times using an ADC, and averaging the results, ADC_gain. A new linear correction model is then established for the system.

[0034] in: These are the raw sampled values ​​of the ADC; This is the actual voltage value obtained after correction; -ADC_offset;

[0035] The calculated and The coefficients are stored in the Flash memory of the first control module for linear correction after ADC data conversion, i.e.:

[0036] The data that will eventually be processed by the data reconstruction algorithm.

[0037] Step 4: The output signal of the adaptive conditioning circuit is sent to the back-end ADC for high-speed sampling and digitization. Then, the digital optical signal is transmitted with electrical isolation through the high-speed fiber optic transceiver module, avoiding attenuation, distortion and electromagnetic interference caused by long cable transmission, completely eliminating high voltage breakdown and ground loop interference problems, and improving signal transmission security.

[0038] Step 5: The nonlinear transformation performed by the front-end conditioning circuit is precisely reversed by the second control module to restore the compressed signal acquired by the ADC to the original high-voltage pulse signal. First, a data reconstruction model is established. A high-precision high-voltage pulse source is used to output a pulse voltage V_in_i (i is 1 to N) covering the entire range. At the same time, the code value ADCc_i (i is 1 to N) of the ADC output calibration data of this module is recorded to obtain a set of calibration data pairs (V_in_i, ADCc_i). (V_in_i, ADCc_i) is stored in the second control module to generate a lookup table. For each sampling point n, the ADC calibration sample value is ADC[n]. First, ADC[n] is filtered in real time using an FIR filter to suppress quantization noise and background noise. The interval where ADC[n] is located is found by looking up the table. Two adjacent calibration points (ADCc_k, V_in_k) and (ADCc_k+1, V_in_k+1) are found such that ADCc_k≤ADC[n]≤ADCc_k+1. The final V_o[n] is calculated by linear interpolation.

[0039] This invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments. Any equivalent substitutions or partial improvements made under the spirit and principles of this invention shall be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage narrow-pulse signal isolation and acquisition system based on adaptive dynamics, characterized in that, include: Adaptive conditioning circuit, AD conversion module, first control module, high-speed fiber optic transceiver, and second control module; The adaptive conditioning circuit is used to receive high-voltage narrow pulse signals and linearly transform the high-voltage narrow pulse signals to the input voltage range of the AD conversion module without distortion. The AD conversion module is used to perform high-speed sampling and digitization of the signal output by the adaptive conditioning circuit to generate a digital signal; The first control module is used to encode the digital signal and control the high-speed fiber optic transceiver; The high-speed fiber optic transceiver is used to transmit the encoded digital signal in the form of an optical signal through an optical fiber. The second control module is used to receive the optical signal, convert it into an electrical signal, and decode and reconstruct the electrical signal to restore the original high-voltage narrow pulse signal waveform.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive conditioning circuit includes a varistor and a linear resistor, wherein the volt-ampere characteristic of the varistor approximately satisfies the formula: I = k × Vα, where I is the current flowing through the varistor, V is the voltage across the varistor, k is a constant, and α is the varistor coefficient; the adaptive conditioning circuit is configured to have high gain at low input voltage and low gain at high input voltage to dynamically compress the signal range and ensure that the AD conversion module always operates in the linear region.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The system also includes a self-calibration circuit, which comprises a precision voltage reference source and a precision multiplexer; the precision multiplexer has multiple input channels, including an external signal input channel, a calibration positive reference voltage channel, and a calibration ground channel; The first control module is configured to control the channel switching of the precision multiplexer and to perform offset error calibration and gain error calibration through a self-calibration algorithm to generate calibration coefficients and update system parameters.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The self-calibration algorithm includes: Offset error calibration: Switch the precision multiplexer to the calibration ground channel and obtain the zero-point offset error by sampling through the AD conversion module; Gain error calibration: Switch the precision multiplexer to the calibration positive reference voltage channel and obtain the gain error by sampling through the AD conversion module; The parameters of the linear correction model are calculated based on the offset error and gain error, and are used to perform linear correction on the output data of the AD conversion module.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a temperature compensation mechanism, including a digital temperature sensor and a stored "temperature-parameter" model; the digital temperature sensor is located near the adaptive conditioning circuit for real-time temperature monitoring; the first control module is configured to query the "temperature-parameter" model based on the real-time temperature value and calculate the data reconstruction parameters at the current temperature through linear interpolation to dynamically adjust the data reconstruction algorithm.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second control module is configured to reverse the nonlinear transformation of the adaptive conditioning circuit through a data reconstruction algorithm to restore the original high-voltage signal waveform; the data reconstruction algorithm is based on a pre-stored calibration data lookup table and uses linear interpolation to calculate the original voltage value corresponding to each sampling point.

7. A method for isolating and acquiring high-voltage narrow-pulse signals based on adaptive dynamics, characterized in that, The method using the system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 includes the following steps: Step 1: The high-voltage narrow pulse signal is dynamically compressed using an adaptive conditioning circuit and linearly transformed to the input voltage range of the AD conversion module without distortion. Step 2: Use an AD conversion module to perform high-speed sampling and digitization of the conditioned signal to generate a digital signal; Step 3: The digital signal is encoded by the first control module and transmitted as an optical signal via optical fiber through a high-speed optical fiber transceiver; Step 4: At the receiving end, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by a high-speed fiber optic transceiver, and the electrical signal is decoded and reconstructed by the second control module to restore the original high-voltage narrow pulse signal waveform.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Before step one, a self-calibration step is also included: system calibration is performed through a self-calibration circuit, specifically including: Switch to the calibration ground channel to obtain the zero-point offset error; Switch to the calibration positive reference voltage channel to obtain the gain error; The linear correction coefficients are calculated based on the offset error and gain error, and the system parameters are updated.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The method also includes a temperature compensation step: real-time temperature monitoring is performed using a digital temperature sensor, and data reconstruction parameters at the current temperature are calculated by querying and interpolating based on a pre-stored "temperature-parameter" model, so as to dynamically adjust the data reconstruction algorithm.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The data reconstruction steps include: Based on the pre-stored calibration data lookup table, the output data of the AD conversion module is looked up and linearly interpolated to calculate the original voltage value; Use an FIR filter to filter the data in real time to suppress noise.

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