Multifunctional soil conditioner based on agricultural and forestry waste fermentation and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional soil conditioner based on agricultural and forestry waste fermentation and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of soil conditioner preparation. The multifunctional soil conditioner based on agricultural and forestry waste fermentation is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume through two-stage fermentation: 60-80 parts of a fermentation main material, 10-25 parts of a functional auxiliary material, 5-15 parts of a complex microbial inoculant and 3-8 parts of a fermentation synergist, the fermentation main materials comprise seaweed residues, waste edible mushroom sticks and common agricultural and forestry wastes; the fermentation synergist is a compound of diatomite activated by a citric acid solution and humic acid raw powder; the complex microbial inoculant comprises a bacillus strain and a trichoderma strain in a specific ratio. Through the innovative compatibility of the seaweed residues and the waste mushroom sticks, the introduction of the fermentation synergist and the synergistic effect of the two-stage precise fermentation process, the defects in the prior art are effectively overcome, the fermentation efficiency and the product stability are remarkably improved, and efficient resource utilization of the agricultural and forestry residues is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil conditioner preparation, specifically to a multifunctional soil conditioner based on the fermentation of agricultural and forestry waste and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Soil is the foundation of agricultural production, and its quality directly affects crop yield and quality. For a long time, due to over-cultivation and the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, many regions in my country have experienced a series of degradation problems in their soils, including soil compaction, declining organic matter, imbalanced microbial communities, and deficiencies in micronutrients. Therefore, developing soil conditioners that can effectively improve soil structure, enhance fertility, and restore ecological functions is of great significance for achieving sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] Currently, using agricultural and forestry waste to produce soil conditioners through microbial fermentation is a common method for treatment and resource utilization. Existing technical solutions typically involve simply crushing crop straw, sawdust, and other waste, then adding general-purpose microbial agents for composting and fermentation. To enhance product functionality, some methods involve mixing in minerals or nutrients, such as phosphate fertilizer or bentonite, before or after fermentation, aiming to obtain fermentation products with certain soil-improving effects.

[0004] However, these existing technologies have significant limitations. First, their raw material formulations are relatively simple, resulting in low fermentation efficiency and difficulty in completely decomposing stubborn components such as lignin, leading to poor product stability. Second, the fermentation process is poorly controlled, resulting in significant nutrient loss, and the different fermentation stages are not consciously guided to achieve specific goals. Third, the final product has a single function, often focusing only on providing organic matter or a small amount of nutrients, and is not effective in simultaneously achieving rapid improvement of soil structure, activation of microbial communities, and synergistic effects in water and fertilizer retention. Therefore, the industry urgently needs a method for preparing soil conditioners with scientifically formulated raw materials, precise fermentation processes, significant functionality, and good synergistic effects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of existing technologies and provide a multifunctional soil conditioner based on the fermentation of agricultural and forestry waste, as well as its preparation method. Through the innovative combination of seaweed residue and waste microbial substrate, the introduction of fermentation synergists, and the synergistic effect of a two-stage precision fermentation process, this invention effectively overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies. It not only significantly improves fermentation efficiency and product stability but also achieves efficient resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste. The resulting conditioner possesses multiple synergistic effects, including rapidly improving soil aggregate structure, efficiently replenishing organic matter and trace elements, activating soil microbial communities, and providing long-lasting water and fertilizer retention, resulting in a significantly enhanced overall soil improvement effect.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A multifunctional soil conditioner based on the fermentation of agricultural and forestry waste comprises the following raw materials in volume parts, which are fermented in two stages: 60-80 parts of fermentation main material, 10-25 parts of functional auxiliary material, 5-15 parts of compound microbial agent, and 3-8 parts of fermentation synergist; the fermentation main material includes seaweed residue, waste edible mushroom sticks, and common agricultural and forestry waste; the fermentation synergist is a complex of diatomaceous earth activated by citric acid solution and humic acid raw powder; the compound microbial agent contains a specific proportion of Bacillus species and Trichoderma species.

[0007] This invention also provides a method for preparing a multifunctional soil conditioner based on the fermentation of agricultural and forestry waste, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Drain seaweed residue, crush waste edible mushroom sticks, and pulverize common agricultural and forestry waste to 1-3 cm. Mix them evenly in proportion to obtain the main fermentation material. S2. First stage fermentation: Mix the main fermentation material, half of the functional auxiliary materials, and compound microbial agent, adjust the moisture content to 60%-65%, pile them into windrow fermentation piles, and aerobic fermentation at 50-65℃ for 5-7 days. During this period, turn the piles regularly using an automatic turner. S3. Second stage fermentation: Add the remaining functional auxiliary materials and all fermentation enhancers to the material after the first stage fermentation, mix evenly, and transfer it to a closed fermentation tank. Control the temperature at 40-50℃ and anaerobic ferment for 15-25 days. S4. Post-treatment: Dry the material after the second stage fermentation at a temperature below 70℃ until the moisture content is below 12%, then pulverize it through a 60-mesh sieve, and package it.

[0009] In summary, the present invention has the following main beneficial effects:

[0010] This invention effectively overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies through the innovative combination of seaweed residue and waste mushroom substrate, the introduction of fermentation enhancers, and the synergistic effect of a two-stage precision fermentation process. It not only significantly improves fermentation efficiency and product stability, but also achieves efficient resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste. The resulting soil conditioner has multiple synergistic effects, including rapidly improving soil aggregate structure, efficiently replenishing organic matter and trace elements, activating soil microbial communities, and providing long-lasting water and fertilizer retention. The overall improvement effect is significantly enhanced. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0013] Example 1

[0014] Preparation of fermentation enhancers:

[0015] First, the key fermentation enhancer of this invention is prepared. 1000 grams of 40-60 mesh diatomaceous earth is weighed and soaked in 5 liters of a 6% (w / w) citric acid solution, stirred continuously for 3 hours. After filtration, the treated wet diatomaceous earth is thoroughly mixed with 500 grams of 100 mesh humic acid powder in a mixer. The mixture is dried in an oven at 55°C until the moisture content is below 5%, pulverized, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain the fermentation enhancer, which is then sealed and packaged for later use.

[0016] Example 2

[0017] Propagation and formulation of compound microbial agents:

[0018] Prepare the compound microbial agent according to the following proportions and methods:

[0019] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, with an effective viable count of 2.5 × 10^9 CFU / g.

[0020] Brevibacillus laterosporus powder has an effective viable count of 1.8 × 10^9 CFU / g, and laboratory tests have shown that it can degrade lignin by up to 45% within 30 days.

[0021] Trichoderma harzianum spore powder, with a spore count of 1.2 × 10^8 CFU / g.

[0022] The three microorganisms were physically mixed at a weight ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a compound microbial agent. This specific ratio has been experimentally verified to have a significant synergistic effect in degrading cellulose and lignin. Comparative data are shown in the table below:

[0023] Microbial agent combination Cellulose degradation rate (30 days) Lignin degradation rate (30 days) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 35% 8% Lateral spores only 22% 42% Trichoderma harzianum 45% 15% The composite ratio of the present invention 68% 48%

[0024] Example 3

[0025] Preparation of multifunctional soil conditioner:

[0026] Step S1, Raw material pretreatment:

[0027] Weigh out the following dried fermentation ingredients: 200 kg of seaweed residue (from a seaweed processing plant), 200 kg of crushed waste enoki mushroom substrate, and 300 kg of corn stalks. Use a crusher to process the corn stalks and waste mushroom substrate into 1-3 cm pieces, and mix them evenly with the seaweed residue.

[0028] Functional auxiliary materials: Prepare 150 kg of weathered coal, 100 kg of phosphate rock powder, and 50 kg of sugar alcohol chelated trace elements, which are a 1:1 mixture of sugar alcohol chelated calcium and sugar alcohol chelated zinc.

[0029] Fermentation enhancer: Take 80 kg of the product prepared in Example 1.

[0030] Compound microbial agent: Take 100 kg of the product prepared in Example 2.

[0031] Step S2, First Stage Fermentation (Aerobic Fermentation):

[0032] Mix all the pre-treated main fermentation materials, half of the functional auxiliary materials (i.e., 75 kg of weathered coal, 50 kg of phosphate rock powder, and 25 kg of trace elements), all the compound microbial agent, and 5 kg of urea. Mix evenly using a mixer, while spraying water to adjust the moisture content of the materials to 62%. Stack the mixture into a windrow fermentation pile 1.8 meters wide and 1.3 meters high.

[0033] Inside the fermentation pile, multiple temperature sensors are embedded at intervals and connected to an automatic turner and a low-pressure ventilation system. When the sensors detect that the pile temperature has risen to 66°C, the ventilation system automatically starts, injecting air into the pile to cool it down; when the temperature drops below 52°C, the ventilation system shuts off. Simultaneously, the automatic turner turns the pile every two days to maintain aerobic conditions and ensure uniform fermentation. This stage lasts for 6 days, with the high-temperature period (>55°C) maintained for over 72 hours, effectively killing pathogens and weed seeds.

[0034] Step S3, Second Stage Fermentation (Anaerobic Post-Ripening):

[0035] The material from the first stage of fermentation is transferred to a sealed fermentation tank. The remaining half of the functional additives and all of the fermentation enhancer are added, and the mixture is thoroughly mixed using a forklift. A leachate collection system is installed at the bottom of the fermentation tank.

[0036] During this stage, anaerobic fermentation was carried out at a controlled temperature of approximately 45℃ for a total of 20 days. During this period, the collected leachate was sprayed back onto the material surface every 5 days using a spraying device, with a spray volume of 2 liters per ton of material. This operation effectively preserved water-soluble nutrients, promoted the conversion of aromatic substances, and reduced nutrient loss. Comparative experiments showed that spraying back the leachate could increase the water-soluble organic carbon content of the final product by approximately 15%.

[0037] Step S4, Post-processing:

[0038] The fermented material was dried in a 70°C dryer until the moisture content was 11%. It was then pulverized using a Raymond mill and passed through a 60-mesh sieve. Before packaging, 2 kg of food-grade sodium polyaspartate was added to each ton of finished product as a water-retaining and anti-caking agent, and mixed in a twin-screw mixer for 15 minutes to ensure uniformity. Finally, it was measured and packaged to obtain the finished product.

[0039] Comparative example:

[0040] Soil conditioner is prepared using traditional methods: corn stalks and chicken manure are used as the main materials, and a general-purpose EM agent is used for one-time open-air composting fermentation. The fermentation cycle is about 30 days, and no functional additives or fermentation enhancers are added.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] Product efficacy verification:

[0043] To verify the effectiveness of the soil conditioner of this invention, a pot experiment was conducted. The soil was a common, infertile sandy loam found locally, and lettuce was planted. Three groups were set up: a blank control group (no conditioner applied), a comparative group (applied at 3% of soil weight), and the invention group (applied at 3% of soil weight). After 60 days of planting, relevant indicators were measured, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0044] detection indicators Blank control group Comparative group This invention group Soil bulk density (g / cm³) 1.45 1.38 1.25 Soil aggregate content (%) 18 25 41 Organic matter content (g / kg) 8.5 12.3 18.9 Lettuce biomass (g / plant) 35.2 48.6 72.5 Leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) 32.1 36.8 45.2

[0045] The above data shows that, compared with conventional products in the field, the soil conditioner provided by the present invention has very significant and unexpected technical effects in improving soil physical structure, enhancing soil fertility and promoting crop growth.

[0046] In summary, this invention successfully prepares a multifunctional and highly efficient soil conditioner through unique raw material formulation, innovative fermentation synergist, and a precisely controlled two-stage fermentation process. This specification describes preferred embodiments of the invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any simple modifications and equivalent substitutions based on the principles of this invention should be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0047] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, these specific embodiments are merely explanations of the invention and are not intended to limit it. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions, and variations to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such modifications, substitutions, and variations are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional soil conditioner based on the fermentation of agricultural and forestry waste, characterized in that, It is made from raw materials comprising the following volume parts through a two-stage fermentation process: 60-80 parts of fermentation main ingredients 10-25 parts of functional excipients 5-15 parts of compound microbial agent 3-8 parts of fermentation enhancer; The main fermentation ingredients include seaweed residue, discarded edible mushroom sticks, and common agricultural and forestry waste. The fermentation enhancer is a complex of diatomaceous earth activated by citric acid solution and humic acid raw powder. The compound microbial agent contains a specific ratio of Bacillus species and Trichoderma species.

2. The multifunctional soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the main fermentation material, the dry weight ratio of seaweed residue, waste edible mushroom sticks, and common agricultural and forestry waste is 1-2:1-2:3-5; the common agricultural and forestry waste is one or more of crop straw, tree pruning branches, or fruit shells.

3. The multifunctional soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the fermentation enhancer is as follows: 40-60 mesh diatomaceous earth is soaked in a citric acid solution with a mass fraction of 5%-8% for 2-4 hours, filtered, and then mixed with 100 mesh humic acid raw powder at a weight ratio of 2-3:

1. The mixture is then dried at low temperature until the moisture content is less than 5%.

4. The multifunctional soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional additives contain the following components: weathered coal, phosphate rock powder, and sugar alcohol chelated trace elements; the sugar alcohol chelated trace elements are a mixture of sugar alcohol chelated calcium and sugar alcohol chelated zinc.

5. The multifunctional soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the compound microbial agent, the ratio of viable Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus lateralis, and Trichoderma harzianum is (1.5-2.5):1:1, and the Bacillus lateralis has the characteristic of highly efficient degradation of lignin.

6. A method for preparing a multifunctional soil conditioner as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Drain the seaweed residue, crush the waste edible mushroom sticks, and crush common agricultural and forestry waste to 1-3 cm. Mix them evenly in proportion to obtain the main fermentation material. S2. First stage fermentation: Mix the main fermentation material, half of the functional auxiliary material and compound microbial agent, adjust the moisture content to 60%-65%, pile them into windrow fermentation piles, and aerobic fermentation at 50-65℃ for 5-7 days, during which the piles are turned regularly by an automatic turner. S3. Second stage fermentation: Add the remaining functional additives and all fermentation enhancers to the material after the first stage fermentation, mix evenly, and then transfer to a closed fermentation tank. Control the temperature at 40-50℃ and anaerobic ferment for 15-25 days. S4. Post-processing: The material after the second stage of fermentation is dried at a temperature below 70°C until the moisture content is below 12%, then crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and then metered and packaged.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, a ventilation duct with a temperature control sensor is embedded inside the fermentation pile. When the sensor detects a temperature higher than 65°C, the low-pressure blower system is automatically activated to cool down the pile; when the temperature is lower than 50°C, the system is automatically shut down.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the bottom of the sealed fermentation tank is equipped with a leachate collection system. The collected leachate is sprayed back onto the surface of the material being fermented. The amount of back spraying is 1-3 liters per ton of material per spray, and the back spraying is done once every 5 days.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, when stacking the fermentation pile, urea, accounting for 0.5%-1.5% of the total weight of the main fermentation material, is evenly sprinkled in layers.

10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, after crushing and sieving, 0.1%-0.3% of food-grade sodium polyaspartate is added as a water-retaining and anti-caking agent, and the mixture is then packaged after being mixed evenly.

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