Arc detection method for stacked energy storage system, program product, and computer device

Abstract

The application provides a method for detecting an arc in a stacked energy storage system, a program product and a computer device. The stacked energy storage system comprises a battery cluster and an inverter connected to the battery cluster, and the battery cluster is formed by parallel stacking of a plurality of energy storage battery packs. The method comprises: splitting the battery cluster into a series loop formed by a single energy storage battery pack and the inverter one by one; detecting the arc in each series loop to determine the energy storage battery pack that has an arc fault; and disconnecting the energy storage battery pack that has the arc fault, so that the remaining energy storage battery packs without faults are in a parallel operation state. The method for detecting the arc can be applied to a parallel stacked energy storage system, accurately locates the energy storage battery pack with the arc fault, and reduces the hardware cost and system complexity of the detection scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage, and in particular to an arcing detection method, program product, and computer equipment for a stacked energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of new energy storage, stacked energy storage systems are widely used in grid peak shaving, industrial and commercial energy storage, and other scenarios due to their advantages of scalable capacity and high power density. Its core unit, the battery cluster, is composed of multiple energy storage battery packs connected in parallel topology, and then connected to the grid or load side after AC / DC power conversion by an inverter.

[0003] While parallel stacking topologies improve capacity, they also present technical challenges for arcing fault detection. On the one hand, factors such as battery pack blind-plug interface tolerances, insulation aging, and outdoor humidity fluctuations make parallel arcing fault characteristics less obvious. On the other hand, the current sharing characteristics of parallel topologies weaken the fault current, and the arc signal is also susceptible to interference from charging and discharging ripples, rendering traditional current threshold detection methods completely ineffective.

[0004] Existing arcing detection schemes have obvious drawbacks: cluster-level overall detection can only determine whether there is arcing in the battery cluster, but cannot locate the specific faulty battery pack, and the fault signal is easily diluted and interfered with, resulting in low detection accuracy; although the branch current monitoring scheme can realize branch monitoring, it requires an independent sensing and communication module for each battery pack, which greatly increases hardware costs and wiring complexity, and also occupies a lot of computing resources, which is not conducive to system integration and miniaturization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One objective of this invention is to provide an arcing detection method suitable for parallel stacked energy storage systems, enabling accurate location of arcing faulty battery packs while reducing the hardware cost and system complexity of the detection scheme.

[0006] A further objective of this invention is to improve the detection accuracy of arcing faults by relying on the existing arcing sampling circuit of the inverter to achieve the detection function and reduce the detection cost.

[0007] Another further objective of this invention is to achieve preventative risk management of energy storage battery packs in the same batch, thereby significantly improving the long-term operational safety of the energy storage system.

[0008] Another further objective of this invention is to achieve a synergistic balance between faulty battery pack removal and system power output, ensuring the stable operation of the energy storage system after fault isolation.

[0009] Specifically, according to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system, the stacked energy storage system including a battery cluster and an inverter connected to the battery cluster, wherein the battery cluster is formed by multiple energy storage battery packs stacked in parallel, and the arcing detection method includes:

[0010] The battery clusters are broken down into series circuits consisting of individual energy storage battery packs and inverters;

[0011] Arcing detection is performed on each series circuit separately to identify the energy storage battery pack that has experienced an arcing fault;

[0012] The energy storage battery pack that experienced an arcing fault was disconnected, allowing the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs to operate in parallel.

[0013] Optionally, before the step of splitting the battery clusters into series circuits formed by individual energy storage battery packs and inverters, the method further includes:

[0014] Control the individual energy storage battery packs in the battery cluster to operate in parallel;

[0015] The voltage reference value of the battery cluster is detected, and the detected voltage reference value is compared with the preset voltage expectation value;

[0016] If the comparison results do not match, the step of splitting the battery cluster into individual series circuits formed by a single energy storage battery pack and an inverter is performed.

[0017] Optionally, the battery cluster also includes a switching assembly, which includes a positive switch configured at the positive terminal of each energy storage battery pack, a negative switch configured at the negative terminal of each energy storage battery pack, and branch switches connecting the positive terminals of two adjacent energy storage battery packs and the negative terminals of two adjacent energy storage battery packs; and,

[0018] The steps of breaking down the battery clusters into series circuits consisting of individual energy storage battery packs and inverters include:

[0019] Control the on / off state of each positive switch, each negative switch, and each branch switch so that each energy storage battery pack forms a series circuit with the inverter in sequence.

[0020] Optionally, the inverter includes an arcing sampling circuit, and the steps of detecting arcing in each series circuit to determine the energy storage battery pack where an arcing fault has occurred include:

[0021] The voltage and current parameters of the current series circuit are collected using an arc sampling circuit;

[0022] The collected voltage and current parameters are compared with the preset limit range;

[0023] If the voltage and current parameters exceed the limit range, the energy storage battery pack corresponding to the current series circuit is determined to be an energy storage battery pack that has experienced an arcing fault.

[0024] Optionally, the voltage and current parameters include voltage jump waveform characteristics, current high-frequency pulse characteristics, and abnormal harmonic component characteristics. The voltage jump waveform characteristics include the jump amplitude and duration, the current high-frequency pulse characteristics include the pulse frequency and pulse intensity, and the abnormal harmonic component characteristics include the harmonic distortion rate and the energy proportion of the characteristic frequency band.

[0025] Optionally, after disconnecting the energy storage battery pack that has experienced an arcing fault, the method further includes:

[0026] Based on historical testing data of energy storage battery packs that have experienced arcing failures, a preventive risk assessment model for the same batch of energy storage battery packs is generated. The risk assessment model is then used to determine the risk level of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs in the same batch within the battery cluster.

[0027] If the voltage and current parameters of a faultless energy storage battery pack are similar to the voltage and current parameters of a faulty energy storage battery pack before the arcing fault occurs to a preset threshold, then the faultless energy storage battery pack is marked as a risk warning battery pack, and the upper limit of the charge and discharge rate of the faultless energy storage battery pack is reduced by a preset ratio.

[0028] Optionally, after performing arcing detection on each series circuit to determine the energy storage battery pack where an arcing fault has occurred, the method further includes:

[0029] The number of energy storage battery packs that experienced arcing faults was counted, and it was determined whether the total capacity of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs met the preset charging and discharging power requirements.

[0030] If the conditions are met, the step of disconnecting the energy storage battery pack that will experience an arcing fault will be executed, allowing the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs to operate in parallel.

[0031] Optionally, after counting the number of energy storage battery packs that experienced arcing faults and determining whether the total capacity of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs meets the preset charging and discharging power requirements, the method further includes:

[0032] Output arcing warning information, which includes at least: the number and location of the energy storage battery packs that have experienced arcing failure, and the total capacity of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs.

[0033] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the arc detection method for any of the above-described stacked energy storage systems.

[0034] According to a third aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the arc detection method for any of the above-described stacked energy storage systems.

[0035] The present invention discloses an arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system. The stacked energy storage system includes a battery cluster and an inverter connected to the battery cluster. The battery cluster is formed by multiple energy storage battery packs stacked in parallel. The arcing detection method includes: splitting the battery cluster into series circuits formed by individual energy storage battery packs and the inverter; performing arcing detection on each series circuit to identify the energy storage battery pack experiencing an arcing fault; disconnecting the energy storage battery pack experiencing the arcing fault, so that the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs are in parallel operation. By converting the parallel connection to a series connection detection topology, the arcing fault signal of a single battery pack is no longer diverted by other branches, enabling rapid location of the faulty battery pack. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for numerous additional branch sensing and communication modules, significantly reducing the system's hardware cost and integration complexity.

[0036] Furthermore, the arcing detection method for the stacked energy storage system of the present invention includes an inverter comprising an arcing sampling circuit. This circuit collects the voltage and current parameters of the current series circuit and compares them with preset limit ranges. If the voltage and current parameters exceed the limit ranges, the energy storage battery pack corresponding to the current series circuit is determined to be the energy storage battery pack experiencing an arcing fault. Thus, by directly collecting the voltage and current parameters under the series circuit, the problem of fault signal dilution under parallel topologies can be effectively avoided, significantly improving the detection accuracy of arcing faults. Simultaneously, the detection function is implemented using the inverter's existing arcing sampling circuit, requiring no additional hardware investment.

[0037] Furthermore, the arcing detection method for the stacked energy storage system of the present invention generates a preventive risk assessment model based on historical detection data of the energy storage battery pack that has experienced an arcing failure. This risk assessment model is used to determine the risk level of other fault-free energy storage battery packs in the same batch within the battery cluster. If the voltage and current parameters of a fault-free energy storage battery pack have a similarity to the voltage and current parameters of the faulty energy storage battery pack before the arcing failure reaches a preset threshold, then the fault-free energy storage battery pack is marked as a risk warning battery pack, and its charge / discharge rate limit is lowered by a preset ratio. In this way, risk prediction for the same batch of batteries can be achieved based on historical data of the faulty battery pack. By lowering the charge / discharge rate of high-risk battery packs, the probability of failure triggering is reduced from the source, effectively solving the potential batch failure risk caused by production inconsistency issues in the same batch of batteries, and significantly improving the long-term operational safety of the energy storage system.

[0038] Furthermore, the arcing detection method for the stacked energy storage system of the present invention counts the number of energy storage battery packs that have experienced arcing faults and determines whether the total capacity of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs meets the preset charging and discharging power requirements. If it does, the energy storage battery packs that have experienced arcing faults are disconnected, allowing the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs to operate in parallel. In this way, by counting the number of faulty battery packs and verifying the power matching of the remaining capacity, the system can effectively avoid insufficient power or unplanned shutdowns caused by blindly disconnecting faulty battery packs, ensuring that the energy storage system can maintain stable power output after fault isolation, thereby balancing the safety and continuity of system operation.

[0039] The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a stacked energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a stacked energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the power-on arcing self-test step in the arcing detection method of a stacked energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fault statistics and power matching steps in an arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a computer program product according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8This is a schematic block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0050] Stacked energy storage systems can be categorized in several ways. Based on AC side configuration, they can be single-phase, three-phase, or split-phase. Based on DC side configuration, they can be low-voltage (below 60V) or high-voltage (60~1000V). Based on product structure design, they can be separate units, integrated stacked units, or plug-in integrated units. Based on battery connection method, they can be parallel or series-connected batteries. This embodiment uses a high-voltage parallel-connected stacked energy storage system as an example. Those skilled in the art can apply the invention to other types of stacked energy storage systems based on the description.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a stacked energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the stacked energy storage system includes a battery cluster 10, a control box 20, and an inverter 30. The battery cluster 10 is formed by stacking multiple energy storage battery packs 110 in parallel via blind-plug terminals 120. In typical applications, multiple energy storage battery packs 110 are connected in parallel to form a large-capacity battery cluster 10. The total capacity of the battery cluster 10 is the sum of the capacities of each individual energy storage battery pack 110, and the voltage is the same as that of a single energy storage battery pack 110. For example, in industrial and commercial energy storage scenarios, 10 or more energy storage battery packs 110 can be connected in parallel to form a battery cluster 10. For lithium iron phosphate cells, the voltage of a single energy storage battery pack 110 can be 51.2V and the capacity 200Ah. The voltage of the resulting battery cluster 10 remains 51.2V, and the total capacity can reach over 2000Ah. That is, the energy storage battery pack 110 is connected in parallel in the battery circuit. By expanding the capacity of multiple energy storage battery packs 110 (typical battery pack capacity of 200Ah) to a large capacity (for example, the total capacity can reach 2000Ah when 10 energy storage battery packs 110 are connected in parallel), while keeping the voltage of the battery cluster 10 stable to meet the input voltage requirements of the inverter 30.

[0052] It should be noted that although the blind-mating terminals 120 between the energy storage battery packs 110 simplify the installation process, due to factors such as interface manufacturing tolerances, insulation aging after long-term operation, and humidity fluctuations in the outdoor deployment environment, problems such as loose connections, increased contact resistance, and decreased insulation performance are prone to occur at the terminal connection points, which in turn lead to the risk of arcing on the battery side. Traditional cluster-level detection schemes are difficult to accurately locate such faults. This invention directly relies on the blind-mating terminals 120 to integrate switches to construct the switching components of the battery clusters 10, thereby achieving accurate detection and isolation of arcing faults in a single pack.

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a stacked energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the battery cluster 10 is connected to the inverter 30 via the main switch QF. Figure 1 The example shown illustrates a battery cluster 10 comprising four energy storage battery packs 110. This number is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of the invention. The switching assembly can reuse the switches integrated into the blind-plug terminals 120, adapting to the parallel topology of the blind-plug terminals 120. Specifically, it includes: a positive switch integrated within the positive blind-plug terminal 120 of each energy storage battery pack 110, a negative switch integrated within the negative blind-plug terminal 120 of each energy storage battery pack 110, and branch switches integrated within the positive blind-plug terminals 120 of two adjacent energy storage battery packs 110 and within the negative blind-plug terminals 120 of two adjacent energy storage battery packs 110. By controlling the on / off states of these switches, the parallel battery cluster 10 topology can be switched to a series circuit of a single pack and the inverter 30, thereby specifically detecting the arcing risk of each blind-plug terminal 120 switch and the associated battery pack.

[0054] To facilitate the explanation of the control logic of the switching components, the stacked energy storage battery packs 110 can be defined from top to bottom as the first battery pack Bat1, the second battery pack Bat2, the third battery pack Bat3, and the fourth battery pack Bat4. Since the fourth battery pack Bat4 is located at the bottom of the battery cluster 10, it is directly connected to the main circuit of the battery cluster 10 through a branch switch. Therefore, its own positive and negative switches can be omitted to simplify the system structure.

[0055] Specifically, the positive switch of the switching assembly includes switches S11, S21 and S31, the negative switch includes switches S12, S22 and S32, the branch switch on the positive side includes switches S20, S30 and S40, and the branch switch on the negative side includes switches S20', S30' and S40'.

[0056] During arcing detection, the main switch QF remains closed. When testing the first battery pack Bat1, only the positive switch S11 and negative switch S12 corresponding to the first battery pack are closed, while all other switches are open, forming a series circuit between the first battery pack Bat1 and the inverter 30. When testing the second battery pack Bat2, branch switches S20 and S20', as well as the positive switch S21 and negative switch S22 corresponding to the second battery pack, are closed, while all other switches are open, forming a series circuit between the second battery pack Bat2 and the inverter 30. When testing the third battery pack... When the third battery pack Bat3 is being tested, branch switches S20, S20', S30, and S30', as well as the positive switch S31 and negative switch S32 corresponding to Bat3, are closed, and all other switches are opened, so that the third battery pack Bat3 and the inverter 30 form a series circuit. When the fourth battery pack Bat4 needs to be tested, branch switches S20, S20', S30, S30', S40, and S40' are closed, and all other switches are opened, so that the fourth battery pack Bat4 and the inverter 30 form a series circuit.

[0057] During the construction of each individual series circuit of the aforementioned single-pack, the arcing sampling circuit 310 integrated in the inverter 30 synchronously performs the detection task. The control box 20 can be integrated inside the inverter 30, and is electrically connected and interacts with the arcing sampling circuit 310 through internal wires. For example, the signal output terminal of the control box 20 is connected to the control terminal of the arcing sampling circuit 310, and the signal input terminal of the control box 20 is connected to the signal output terminal of the arcing sampling circuit 310. When each energy storage battery pack 110 forms an independent series circuit with the inverter 30, the arcing sampling circuit 310 collects the voltage and current parameters of the current circuit in real time (including voltage change waveform characteristics, current high-frequency pulse characteristics, and abnormal harmonic component characteristics, etc.), and transmits the collected electrical parameter signals to the control box 20 in real time; the control box 20 then compares and analyzes the parameter signals based on preset limit ranges, and thus accurately determines whether the currently detected energy storage battery pack 110 has an arcing fault.

[0058] This invention provides a method for detecting arcing in a stacked energy storage system. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method may include:

[0059] Step S301: The battery cluster 10 is split into individual series circuits formed by a single energy storage battery pack 110 and the inverter 30. Specifically, by controlling the on / off states of each positive switch, each negative switch, and each branch switch in the switching assembly, the circuits corresponding to each individual energy storage battery pack 110 are turned on one by one in a preset order, so that each energy storage battery pack 110 independently forms a series detection circuit with the inverter 30.

[0060] Step S302: Arc detection is performed on each series circuit to identify the energy storage battery pack 110 that has experienced an arc fault. Specifically, the arc sampling circuit 310 is used to collect the voltage and current parameters of the current series circuit. Then, the collected voltage and current parameters are compared with preset limit ranges. If the voltage and current parameters exceed the limit ranges, the energy storage battery pack 110 corresponding to the current series circuit is identified as the energy storage battery pack 110 that has experienced an arc fault. By directly collecting the voltage and current parameters under the series circuit, the problem of fault signal dilution under parallel topology can be effectively avoided, significantly improving the detection accuracy of arc faults. At the same time, the detection function is realized by relying on the original arc sampling circuit 310 of the inverter 30, without the need for additional hardware investment.

[0061] Step S303 involves disconnecting the energy storage battery pack 110 that experienced an arcing fault, allowing the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs 110 to operate in parallel. Arcing faults generate high-temperature arcs, which can not only burn the blind-jaw terminals 120 of the battery pack, causing irreversible damage, but also potentially lead to serious safety accidents such as thermal runaway and fire. Timely disconnection of the faulty battery pack severs the connection between the fault point and the system's main circuit, preventing continuous arc discharge and preventing the fault from spreading to other fault-free battery packs and core equipment such as the inverter 30. Traditional cluster-level arcing detection schemes directly disconnect the entire battery cluster 10 upon detecting a fault, causing a complete system shutdown. This step precisely disconnects only the faulty battery pack; the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs 110 can resume parallel operation, continuing to participate in energy storage and output, maximizing the preservation of system capacity and power supply capability, and balancing operational continuity and economy.

[0062] Using the above method, by transforming the detection topology from parallel to series, the arcing fault signal of a single battery pack is no longer diverted by the other branches, enabling rapid location of the faulty battery pack. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for adding a large number of branch sensing and communication modules, significantly reducing the hardware cost and integration complexity of the system.

[0063] In one example, voltage and current parameters may include voltage jump waveform characteristics, current high-frequency pulse characteristics, and abnormal harmonic component characteristics. The voltage jump waveform characteristics may include the jump amplitude and duration, the current high-frequency pulse characteristics may include the pulse frequency and pulse intensity, and the abnormal harmonic component characteristics may include the harmonic distortion rate and the energy proportion of the characteristic frequency band.

[0064] Voltage Sudden Change Waveform Characteristics: When an arcing fault occurs, the voltage in the circuit will experience a momentary, non-periodic sudden change. This characteristic is used to detect such voltage anomalies. Specifically: the sudden change amplitude refers to the difference between the peak voltage at the time of the sudden change and the normal operating voltage. An arcing fault will cause this difference to be significantly higher than the voltage fluctuation range under normal operating conditions. The duration refers to the length of time the voltage remains in the sudden change state. Voltage sudden changes caused by arcing have a specific continuous pattern, which can be distinguished from the brief voltage fluctuations caused by normal operations such as equipment startup and load switching.

[0065] High-frequency current pulse characteristics: The arc discharge process generates high-frequency current pulse signals, which is one of the typical electrical manifestations of arcing faults. Specifically: pulse frequency refers to the number of high-frequency current pulses occurring per unit time; the pulse frequency of an arcing fault is distributed within a specific frequency band, showing a significant difference from the current frequency characteristics of normal operation; pulse intensity refers to the peak value of the high-frequency current pulse, reflecting the energy intensity of the arc discharge; the pulse intensity of an arcing fault is much higher than the normal current noise in the circuit.

[0066] Characteristics of abnormal harmonic components: In a normally operating energy storage system, the circuit current and voltage are dominated by the fundamental frequency. However, arcing faults can cause nonlinear distortion, generating a large number of harmonic components. Specifically: the harmonic distortion rate is the ratio of the total effective value of harmonic voltage (or current) to the effective value of the fundamental voltage (or current). Arcing faults cause this value to rise significantly. The characteristic frequency band energy proportion refers to the proportion of energy in a specific harmonic frequency band within the total energy. Arcing faults will form significant energy peaks in certain characteristic frequency bands (such as high-frequency bands), which serves as a key basis for fault diagnosis.

[0067] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the power-on arcing self-test step in an arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, prior to the step of splitting the battery cluster 10 into series circuits formed by individual energy storage battery packs 110 and inverters 30, the following may also be included:

[0068] Step S401: Control the energy storage battery packs 110 in the battery cluster 10 to operate in parallel. This step is the initial preparation for the power-on arcing self-test, and its purpose is to allow the battery cluster 10 to enter the normal operating mode first. Specifically, this involves closing all corresponding positive switches, negative switches, and branch switches in the control switch assembly.

[0069] Step S402: The voltage reference value of the battery cluster 10 is detected, and the detected voltage reference value is compared with the preset expected voltage value. The voltage reference value refers to the actual output voltage of the battery cluster 10 in parallel operation, reflecting the overall voltage level of the entire battery cluster 10. The expected voltage value is a normal voltage range pre-calibrated based on parameters such as the nominal voltage of the battery pack and the number of parallel connections. For example, if multiple 51.2V battery packs are connected in parallel, the expected voltage should be stable at around 51.2V.

[0070] Step S403: If the comparison results match, maintain the parallel operation of each energy storage battery pack 110. When the voltage reference value matches the preset expected voltage value, it indicates that the battery cluster 10 is operating stably in parallel, with no obvious voltage abnormalities or potential arcing risks. Therefore, there is no need to start the subsequent single-pack series detection process; simply maintain the parallel operation state to ensure system operating efficiency.

[0071] In step S404, if the comparison results do not match, the battery cluster 10 is disassembled into a series circuit formed by a single energy storage battery pack 110 and the inverter 30. A voltage comparison result mismatch indicates an anomaly in the battery cluster 10, but it is impossible to determine which battery pack or connection point is causing the problem. At this point, the single-pack series detection process is initiated. By disassembling the parallel topology one by one and constructing an independent series circuit for each battery pack, the fault source can be accurately located, avoiding efficiency losses caused by blindly shutting down or performing overall troubleshooting.

[0072] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fault statistics and power matching steps in an arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, after performing arcing detection on each series circuit to determine the energy storage battery pack 110 where an arcing fault has occurred, the method may further include:

[0073] Step S501: Count the number of energy storage battery packs 110 that have experienced arcing faults, and determine whether the total capacity of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs 110 meets the preset charging and discharging power requirements.

[0074] Step S502: If the condition is met, disconnect the energy storage battery pack 110 that has experienced arcing failure, so that the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs 110 are in parallel operation.

[0075] In step S503, if the conditions are not met, stop the battery cluster 10 from outputting power to the inverter 30 and issue an overload warning message.

[0076] By using the above method, through the statistics of the number of faulty battery packs and the power matching verification of the remaining capacity, the system power shortage or unplanned shutdown caused by blindly disconnecting faulty battery packs can be effectively avoided, ensuring that the energy storage system can still maintain stable power output after the fault isolation is completed, thereby taking into account both the safety and continuity of system operation.

[0077] In an optional embodiment, after counting the number of energy storage battery packs 110 that have experienced arcing faults and determining whether the total capacity of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs 110 meets the preset charging and discharging power requirements, an arcing warning message can be output. The arcing warning message includes at least the number and location of the energy storage battery packs 110 that have experienced arcing faults and the total capacity of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs 110.

[0078] The number of faulty battery packs directly reflects the severity of the fault. For example, if only one battery pack fails, it indicates a localized, small-scale anomaly; if multiple battery packs fail simultaneously, it may point to a batch defect or a common circuit problem, making it easier for maintenance personnel to determine the nature of the fault. The location of the faulty battery packs allows for precise fault location. Using the top-to-bottom numbering rule for battery packs mentioned earlier, the location information can directly correspond to the first to fourth battery packs. Maintenance personnel do not need to check each pack individually; they can directly go to the fault location for repair and replacement, thereby improving maintenance efficiency. The total capacity of the fault-free battery packs reflects the system's remaining power supply capacity, helping maintenance personnel determine whether the remaining capacity can meet current load demands, whether it is necessary to activate the backup battery cluster 10, and whether it is necessary to limit system power output, ensuring the continuity and stability of system operation.

[0079] In an optional embodiment, after disconnecting the energy storage battery pack 110 that has experienced an arcing fault, a preventive risk assessment model for the same batch of energy storage battery packs 110 can be generated based on the historical detection data of the energy storage battery pack 110 that has experienced an arcing fault. Then, the risk assessment model is used to determine the risk level of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs 110 in the same batch within the battery cluster 10. If the voltage and current parameters of a fault-free energy storage battery pack 110 are similar to the voltage and current parameters of the faulty energy storage battery pack 110 before the arcing fault, the fault-free energy storage battery pack 110 is marked as a risk warning battery pack, and the upper limit of the charge and discharge rate of the fault-free energy storage battery pack 110 is reduced by a preset ratio.

[0080] Specifically, after disconnecting the arcing faulty energy storage battery pack 110, historical detection data of the faulty battery pack before the arcing occurred can be extracted, such as steady-state parameters, fluctuation characteristics, and harmonic distribution of voltage and current. Using this historical data as fault samples, combined with normal operation data of battery packs in the same batch as normal samples, a targeted preventative risk assessment model is trained and generated. The core function of this model is to establish the correlation between "precursor characteristics of faults" and "arcing faults," accurately identifying whether there are latent defects similar to those of the faulty battery pack in the same batch of battery packs. The real-time voltage and current parameters of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs 110 in the same batch within battery cluster 10 are input into the aforementioned preventative risk assessment model. The model calculates and compares the similarity between the parameters of the fault-free battery packs and the parameters of the faulty battery pack before the fault: if the similarity reaches a preset threshold, it indicates that the fault-free battery pack has the same latent defects as the faulty battery pack, and the probability of future arcing faults is high; therefore, it is marked as a risk warning battery pack. For the marked risk warning battery packs, their charge / discharge rate upper limit is reduced by a preset ratio. The charge / discharge rate is a key factor affecting battery pack heating and terminal current load. Lowering the rate can reduce the operating load of the battery pack and reduce the current density at the terminal connection points, thereby reducing the conditions for arc generation and suppressing the occurrence of arcing faults from the source.

[0081] The above process, based on historical data of faulty battery packs, can predict the risks of batteries in the same batch. By reducing the charge and discharge rate of high-risk battery packs, the probability of fault triggering is reduced from the source, effectively solving the potential batch failure of batteries in the same batch due to production inconsistency issues, and significantly improving the long-term operational safety of the energy storage system.

[0082] This embodiment also provides a computer program product 41, a computer-readable storage medium 42, and a computer device 43. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a computer program product according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0083] Computer program product 41 includes computer program 411, which, when executed by processor 431, implements the arcing detection method of any of the aforementioned stacked energy storage systems. Computer-readable storage medium 42 stores the aforementioned computer program 411, which, when executed by processor 431, implements the arcing detection method of any of the aforementioned stacked energy storage systems. Computer device 43 may include memory 432, processor 431, and computer program 411 stored in memory 432 and running on processor 431.

[0084] The computer program 411 used to perform the operations of this invention may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, integrated circuit configuration data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​and procedural programming languages.

[0085] Computer program 411 may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, to perform aspects of the invention, electronic circuits including, for example, programmable logic circuits, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs) may execute computer-readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuits by utilizing state information of computer-readable program instructions.

[0086] For the purposes of this embodiment, computer program product 41 refers to a related product containing computer program 411. Computer-readable storage medium 42 is a tangible device capable of holding and storing computer program 411, and can be any device capable of containing, storing, communicating, propagating, or transmitting computer program 411 for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage medium 42 include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory 432 (RAM), read-only memory 432 (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory 432 (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory 432 (SRAM), portable optical disc read-only memory 432 (CD-ROM), digital multifunction disc (DVD), memory stick, floppy disk, mechanical encoding device, and any suitable combination thereof.

[0087] Therefore, those skilled in the art should recognize that although numerous exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications conforming to the principles of the present invention can be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the scope of the present invention should be understood and construed as covering all such other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A method for detecting arcing in a stacked energy storage system, the stacked energy storage system comprising a battery cluster and an inverter connected to the battery cluster, wherein the battery cluster is formed by multiple energy storage battery packs stacked in parallel, characterized in that, The arc detection method includes: The battery cluster is split into individual series circuits formed by each of the energy storage battery packs and the inverter; Arcing detection is performed on each of the series circuits to identify the energy storage battery pack where an arcing fault has occurred; The energy storage battery pack that has experienced an arcing fault is disconnected, so that the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs are in parallel operation. The battery cluster further includes a switching assembly, which includes a positive switch disposed at the positive terminal of each energy storage battery pack, a negative switch disposed at the negative terminal of each energy storage battery pack, and branch switches connected between the positive terminals of two adjacent energy storage battery packs and between the negative terminals of two adjacent energy storage battery packs; and... The step of breaking down the battery cluster into individual series circuits formed by the individual energy storage battery packs and the inverter includes: Control the on / off state of each of the positive switches, each of the negative switches and each of the branch switches so that each of the energy storage battery packs forms a series circuit with the inverter in sequence; After disconnecting the energy storage battery pack that has experienced an arcing fault, the method further includes: Based on historical testing data of the energy storage battery pack that experienced arcing failure, a preventive risk assessment model for the same batch of energy storage battery packs is generated. The risk assessment model is then used to determine the risk level of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs in the same batch within the battery cluster. If the voltage and current parameters of a faultless energy storage battery pack are similar to the voltage and current parameters of a faulty energy storage battery pack before the arcing fault occurs to a preset threshold, then the faultless energy storage battery pack is marked as a risk warning battery pack, and the upper limit of the charge and discharge rate of the faultless energy storage battery pack is reduced by a preset ratio.

2. The arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the step of splitting the battery clusters into series circuits formed by individual energy storage battery packs and the inverter, the method further includes: Control each of the energy storage battery packs in the battery cluster to operate in parallel; The voltage reference value of the battery cluster is detected, and the detected voltage reference value is compared with the preset expected voltage value; If the comparison results do not match, the step of splitting the battery cluster into series circuits formed by individual energy storage battery packs and the inverter is performed.

3. The arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inverter includes an arcing sampling circuit, and the step of detecting arcing in each of the series circuits to determine the energy storage battery pack where an arcing fault has occurred includes: The arc sampling circuit is used to collect the voltage and current parameters of the current series circuit; The collected voltage and current parameters are compared with the preset limit range; If the voltage and current parameters exceed the limit range, then the energy storage battery pack corresponding to the current series circuit is determined to be an energy storage battery pack that has experienced an arcing fault.

4. The arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The voltage and current parameters include voltage sudden change waveform characteristics, current high-frequency pulse characteristics, and abnormal harmonic component characteristics. The voltage sudden change waveform characteristics include the sudden change amplitude and duration, the current high-frequency pulse characteristics include the pulse frequency and pulse intensity, and the abnormal harmonic component characteristics include the harmonic distortion rate and the energy proportion of the characteristic frequency band.

5. The arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, After performing arcing detection on each of the series circuits to determine the energy storage battery pack where an arcing fault has occurred, the method further includes: The number of energy storage battery packs that experienced arcing faults is counted, and it is determined whether the total capacity of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs meets the preset charging and discharging power requirements. If the conditions are met, then the step of disconnecting the energy storage battery pack that will experience an arcing fault is executed, so that the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs are in parallel operation.

6. The arcing detection method for a stacked energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, After counting the number of energy storage battery packs that experienced arcing faults and determining whether the total capacity of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs meets the preset charging and discharging power requirements, the method further includes: Output arcing warning information, wherein the arcing warning information includes at least: the number and location of the energy storage battery packs that have experienced arcing failure, and the total capacity of the remaining fault-free energy storage battery packs.

7. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the arc detection method for the stacked energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the arc detection method for the stacked energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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