Orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of teaching demonstration, in particular to an orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device which comprises a movable base, a lifting support and a demonstration platform are installed on the movable base, and a visual angle adjusting module, a surgical operation simulation module, a monitoring assembly and a control module used for achieving linkage control and data feedback of all the modules are installed on the demonstration platform. Universal wheels with electromagnetic brakes are installed at the bottom of the movable base, the lifting support comprises a scissor-type connecting rod, one end of the scissor-type connecting rod is hinged to and in sliding fit with the top of the movable base, and the other end of the scissor-type connecting rod is hinged to and in sliding fit with the bottom of the demonstration platform. A power piece is installed on the side, in sliding fit with the movable base, of the scissor-type connecting rod, and the control module is in signal connection with the visual angle adjusting module, the surgical operation simulation module and the power piece. The system is used for meeting the core requirements of accurate visualization, efficient collaboration and real-time feedback in orthopedic surgery teaching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of teaching demonstrations, and specifically to a teaching demonstration device for orthopedic operating rooms. Background Technology

[0002] Orthopedic surgery demands extremely high precision and tactile control. Teaching in this field requires not only imparting theoretical knowledge but also equipping learners with practical skills such as controlling the force and angle of instrument manipulation. Currently, orthopedic operating room teaching primarily relies on two methods: one is on-site observation with real patients, which is limited by surgical resources and patient privacy, resulting in scarce hands-on opportunities and difficulty in repeatedly practicing key procedures; the other is teaching using traditional simulation devices, however, existing simulation devices generally have many shortcomings.

[0003] Specifically, traditional orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration devices have many limitations in practical applications: First, the visualization system has poor adaptability, often using a single fixed-angle camera layout without an adaptive adjustment mechanism. Deep operations in the surgical area are easily obstructed by instruments or limbs, creating blind spots. Furthermore, it lacks micro-tracking capabilities, making it difficult to clearly demonstrate delicate operations such as screw implantation angles and fracture end reduction fit, resulting in trainees being unable to accurately identify key anatomical structures and operational logic. Second, mechanical adjustment and multi-screen collaboration mechanisms are lacking. Camera angle adjustment relies on manual disassembly or assistance from a specialist. The display screen is fixedly installed, preventing teachers from independently and quickly adjusting the viewing angle and display position, frequently interrupting the teaching process. Moreover, there is no multi-screen signal synchronous transmission structure, making it easy for trainees at a distance or to the side to experience blurred viewing due to perspective shifts and signal delays, resulting in insufficient uniformity of teaching coverage.

[0004] To address the problems of traditional technologies and meet the core needs of precise visualization, efficient collaboration, and real-time feedback in orthopedic surgery teaching, this invention provides an orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides an orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device. This device enables precise capture of surgical operation details from multiple perspectives, realistic tactile feedback of simulated instruments, and real-time monitoring and early warning of the teaching environment and operational status during orthopedic surgical teaching. This improves the uniformity of teaching coverage, the timeliness of operational error correction, and the effectiveness of teaching review. Simultaneously, it provides educators with quantitative operational data support, enhancing the relevance and efficiency of teaching.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device, comprising a movable base for realizing the overall movement and stable support of the demonstration device, a lifting bracket for adjusting the demonstration height to adapt to different teaching scenarios and a demonstration platform for carrying orthopedic surgical simulation components, and a perspective adjustment module for capturing surgical operation details from multiple perspectives, a surgical operation simulation module for simulating the feel of operating real surgical instruments, a monitoring component for real-time monitoring of the surgical simulation environment and operation status, and a control module for realizing the linkage control and data feedback of each module;

[0007] The bottom of the mobile base is equipped with omnidirectional wheels with electromagnetic brakes. The lifting bracket includes a scissor-type linkage. One end of the scissor-type linkage is hinged and slidably engaged with the top of the mobile base, and the other end of the scissor-type linkage is hinged and slidably engaged with the bottom of the demonstration platform. A power component is installed on the side of the scissor-type linkage that is slidably engaged with the mobile base. The control module is connected to the viewing angle adjustment module, the surgical operation simulation module, and the power component signal.

[0008] When the control module receives the activation signal from the surgical operation simulation module, it triggers the power component to enter standby mode, the viewing angle adjustment module to start automatic positioning and align with the simulated surgical area, and the electromagnetic brake caster to perform a locking action. When the control module determines that the monitoring component detects that the horizontal tilt of the demonstration platform exceeds the preset tilt threshold, it shuts down the power component, issues a warning message, and controls the viewing angle adjustment module to record the current operation screen.

[0009] Furthermore, the monitoring components include an environmental monitoring unit, an operational status monitoring unit, and a model status monitoring unit. All three units are connected to the control module via signals. The environmental monitoring unit includes a temperature sensor for collecting the air temperature in the surgical simulation area, a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity in the area, and a dust concentration sensor for monitoring the concentration of operational dust particles. The temperature, humidity, and dust concentration sensors are all mounted on the edge of the demonstration platform. The operational status monitoring unit includes a torque sensor for capturing changes in the torque of the surgical simulation module, an angle sensor for measuring the movement angle and posture of the surgical simulation module, and an electromyography (EMG) sensor patch for collecting EMG signals from the operator's hand. The model status monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure exerted by the surgical simulation instruments on the skeletal model and a displacement sensor for tracking the displacement of the skeletal model.

[0010] Furthermore, the viewing angle adjustment module includes a mounting bracket and a ring rail. The ring rail is mounted above the demonstration platform via the mounting bracket. A first drive component is installed inside the ring rail. A sprocket is coaxially fixedly connected to the first drive component. The sprocket meshes with a chain. The chain is embedded in the ring rail. A slide is fixedly connected to the chain. A rotating gimbal is mounted on the slide. A camera is mounted on the rotating gimbal. The first drive component, the rotating gimbal, and the camera are all signal-connected to the control module. The control module adjusts the first drive component and the rotating gimbal based on the real-time monitoring data from the monitoring components.

[0011] When the control module determines that the angle sensor detects that the horizontal tilt of the demonstration platform exceeds the preset tilt threshold, the control module immediately drives the slide table to slide along the circular guide rail and rotates the gimbal to deflect the camera so that the camera is facing the demonstration platform.

[0012] Furthermore, the surgical operation simulation module includes a robotic arm. One end of the robotic arm is fixedly connected to the demonstration platform, and the other end of the robotic arm is equipped with an electromagnetic locking component for detachable connection of surgical simulation instruments. The electromagnetic locking component is signal-connected to the control module. When the surgical simulation instruments come into contact with the bone model, the pressure sensor transmits the force signal to the control module. If the pressure data exceeds the preset pressure threshold, the control module immediately controls and locks the robotic arm.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes an early warning module, which includes indicator lights and a buzzer, both of which are connected to the control module via signals.

[0014] When the dust concentration data exceeds the preset concentration threshold, the temperature data exceeds the temperature threshold range, or the humidity data exceeds the humidity threshold range, the control module triggers a yellow warning indicator and the buzzer emits an intermittent short beep.

[0015] When the torque data exceeds the preset torque threshold or the angle data exceeds the preset angle threshold, the control module triggers a yellow flashing warning indicator, the buzzer emits an intermittent long beep, and the robotic arm reduces its movement speed.

[0016] When the pressure data exceeds the pressure threshold or the displacement data exceeds the preset displacement threshold, the control module triggers a red warning light, the buzzer emits a continuous alarm sound, the control module immediately locks the robotic arm, the viewing angle adjustment module records the current operation screen, and the lifting support stops.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a multi-screen collaboration module, which includes a main screen, several mounting components, and several secondary screens. The main screen is embedded in the front end of the demonstration platform, and the secondary screens are mounted on both sides of the demonstration platform via the mounting components. Each mounting component includes a second drive component, which is installed inside the demonstration platform. The output shaft of each second drive component is fitted with a sleeve rod, and each sleeve rod is fitted with several gear rings. The gear rings mesh with gears, and each gear is coaxially and fixedly connected to a third drive component. The third drive components are all fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the demonstration platform. Both the second and third drive components are signal-connected to the control module. The end of the sleeve rod away from the second drive component is fixedly connected to the secondary screen.

[0018] Furthermore, the viewing angle adjustment module also includes an infrared positioning submodule, which includes infrared positioners installed at both ends of the circular guide rail and an infrared wristband worn on the operator's wrist. Both the infrared positioners and the infrared wristband are connected to the control module via signals.

[0019] When the operator wears an infrared wristband to perform surgery, the infrared locator is used to track the position trajectory of the infrared wristband in real time and generate hand movement coordinate data to the control module. The control module controls the camera movement information based on the coordinate data and the robotic arm angle data, that is, drives the slide to move adaptively along the circular guide rail, and the rotating gimbal adjusts its posture synchronously so that the camera follows the operator's hand movements.

[0020] Furthermore, the surgical operation simulation module, multi-screen collaboration module, and viewing angle adjustment module are structurally linked through the control module: the electromagnetic locking component at the end of the robotic arm has a built-in RFID reader, and the connection end of the surgical simulation instrument has an RFID chip. After the surgical simulation instrument is installed, the RFID reader reads the information and transmits it to the control module, which then calls the corresponding operation interface: the main screen displays the parameters and steps of the surgical simulation instrument, and the secondary screen adjusts the viewing angle through the second and third driving components; at the same time, the hand coordinate data of the infrared positioning submodule is synchronously transmitted to the main screen, and the main screen overlays the correspondence between the hand trajectory and the working end position of the surgical simulation instrument, while the secondary screen displays the close-up image from the camera.

[0021] Furthermore, a buffer assembly is provided at the sliding engagement point between the scissor-type linkage of the lifting bracket and the movable base and demonstration platform. The buffer assembly includes a buffer spring, a buffer rod, and a buffer sleeve. The buffer spring is sleeved on the buffer rod, one end of the buffer rod is fixedly connected to the hinge point, and the other end of the buffer rod is inserted into the buffer sleeve. The end of the buffer sleeve away from the buffer rod is fixedly connected to the sliding engagement point. When the demonstration platform tilts due to accidental collision or improper operation, the buffer spring is compressed or stretched, and the buffer rod slides within the buffer sleeve to provide a buffering effect. At the same time, the control module receives the tilt signal detected by the angle sensor and controls the power component to adjust the power component in the opposite direction.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a data storage and playback module, which is connected to the control module via signals. The data storage and playback module includes a large-capacity memory and a data playback interface. The large-capacity memory is used to store various monitoring data during the surgical operation simulation process, operation images captured by the camera, and content displayed by the multi-screen collaboration module. The data playback interface is used to support connection via external devices.

[0023] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. This solution achieves flexible adaptation to teaching scenarios through an integrated design of mobile positioning and height self-adaptation. Compared with traditional technologies where the device is inconvenient to move, the height adjustment is cumbersome, and the teaching field of vision is limited, the omnidirectional wheels with electromagnetic braking can quickly complete the device positioning and locking. The scissor-type lifting bracket, together with the power component, can accurately adjust the demonstration height to adapt to different teaching needs such as standing and sitting postures. Furthermore, the multi-screen collaboration module can flexibly adjust the viewing angle, allowing learners in different positions to clearly obtain operation instructions and detailed images. The range of teaching scenarios that can be adapted is expanded, completely solving the limitations of fixed venues and single viewing angles in traditional teaching.

[0025] 2. This solution constructs a safety assurance system encompassing comprehensive monitoring and tiered early warning. Compared to traditional technologies with their single monitoring dimensions and ambiguous early warnings, the three monitoring units—environment, operation, and model—enable real-time monitoring of multiple parameters such as temperature, humidity, torque, and pressure. The early warning module provides tiered alerts through differentiated combinations of lights and sounds, while the buffer components and electronic locking mechanism form a dual protection system. When the platform tilts or the pressure exceeds the limit, the buffer components first reduce the mechanical impact, and the control module then quickly locks the robotic arm and stops the lifting support. This reduces the accident rate compared to traditional devices, effectively avoiding the risks of model damage and operational misjudgments caused by monitoring gaps in traditional technologies.

[0026] 3. This solution utilizes RFID identification to automatically switch between multiple screens, visualize and overlay hand trajectories, and archive data throughout the entire process via data storage and playback modules, forming a complete closed loop for equipment adaptation, operation guidance, data traceability, and teaching review. Compared to traditional technologies where manual adjustments to the teaching interface are required after equipment changes, operation processes lack data recording, and reviews lack intuitive evidence, this solution achieves automatic adaptation to the teaching scenario upon equipment identification, and retains operation data and visuals throughout the process. This facilitates targeted feedback from teachers and review and optimization by students, significantly improving teaching continuity and personalized guidance.

[0027] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of Embodiment 3 of the orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the installation components in an embodiment of the orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device of the present invention.

[0031] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Movable base; 101. Caster wheel; 2. Scissor linkage; 3. Demonstration platform; 301. Mounting bracket; 4. Circular guide rail; 5. Slide table; 6. Robotic arm; 601. Electromagnetic locking assembly; 7. Main screen; 8. Sub-screen; 9. Second drive component; 10. Sleeve rod; 11. Gear ring; 12. Gear; 13. Third drive component. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] As attached Figure 1and Figure 2 As shown: An orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device includes a movable base 1 for realizing the overall movement and stable support of the demonstration device, a lifting bracket for adjusting the demonstration height to adapt to different teaching scenarios and a demonstration platform 3 for carrying orthopedic surgical simulation components. The demonstration platform 3 is characterized by having a perspective adjustment module for capturing surgical operation details from multiple perspectives, a surgical operation simulation module for simulating the feel of operating real surgical instruments, a monitoring component for real-time monitoring of the surgical simulation environment and operation status, and a control module for realizing the linkage control and data feedback of each module.

[0038] The bottom of the mobile base 1 is equipped with omnidirectional wheels 101 with electromagnetic brakes. The lifting bracket includes a scissor-type linkage 2. One end of the scissor-type linkage 2 is hinged and slidably engaged with the top of the mobile base 1, and the other end is hinged and slidably engaged with the bottom of the demonstration platform 3. A power component is installed on the side of the scissor-type linkage 2 that is slidably engaged with the mobile base 1. In this embodiment, the power component is an electric cylinder. The control module is connected to the viewing angle adjustment module, the surgical operation simulation module, and the power component. When the control module receives an enable signal from the surgical operation simulation module, it triggers the power component to enter standby mode, the viewing angle adjustment module to start automatic positioning and align with the simulated surgical area, and the electromagnetic brake omnidirectional wheels 101 to perform a locking action. When the control module determines that the monitoring component detects that the horizontal tilt of the demonstration platform 3 exceeds the preset tilt threshold, it shuts down the power component, issues a warning message, and controls the viewing angle adjustment module to record the current operation screen.

[0039] The monitoring components include an environmental monitoring unit, an operational status monitoring unit, and a model status monitoring unit. All three units are connected to the control module. The environmental monitoring unit includes a temperature sensor for collecting the air temperature in the surgical simulation area, a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity in the area, and a dust concentration sensor for monitoring the concentration of operational dust particles. The temperature, humidity, and dust concentration sensors are all mounted on the edge of the demonstration platform 3. The operational status monitoring unit includes a torque sensor for capturing changes in the torque of the surgical simulation module, an angle sensor for measuring the movement angle and posture of the surgical simulation module, and an electromyography (EMG) sensor patch for collecting EMG signals from the operator's hand. The model status monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure of the surgical simulation instruments on the skeletal model and a displacement sensor for tracking the displacement of the skeletal model.

[0040] The viewing angle adjustment module includes a mounting bracket 301 and an annular guide rail 4. The annular guide rail 4 is mounted above the demonstration platform 3 via the mounting bracket 301. A first driving component, which in this embodiment is a first motor, is installed inside the annular guide rail 4. A sprocket is coaxially fixedly connected to the first driving component, and a chain is engaged with the sprocket. The chain is embedded in the annular guide rail 4, and a slide table 5 is fixedly connected to the chain. A rotating gimbal is mounted on the slide table 5, and a camera is mounted on the rotating gimbal. The first driving component, the rotating gimbal, and the camera are all signal-connected to the control module. The control module adjusts the first driving component and the rotating gimbal based on real-time monitoring data from the monitoring components. When the control module determines that the angle sensor detects that the horizontal tilt of the demonstration platform 3 exceeds a preset tilt threshold, the control module immediately drives the slide table 5 to slide along the annular guide rail 4 and the rotating gimbal to deflect the camera, so that the camera faces the demonstration platform 3.

[0041] The surgical operation simulation module includes a robotic arm 6. One end of the robotic arm 6 is fixedly connected to the demonstration platform 3, and the other end of the robotic arm 6 is equipped with an electromagnetic locking component 601 for detachable connection of surgical simulation instruments. The electromagnetic locking component 601 is connected to the control module. When the surgical simulation instrument contacts the bone model, the pressure sensor transmits the force signal to the control module. If the pressure data exceeds the preset pressure threshold, the control module immediately controls and locks the robotic arm 6.

[0042] The specific implementation process is as follows: The operator first pushes the device to the designated orthopedic teaching area using the casters 101 at the bottom of the movable base 1. During the pushing process, the casters 101 do not have electromagnetic braking, allowing for flexible adjustment of the device's position. After reaching the target position, the operator issues an initialization command through the control module. The control module then triggers the electromagnetic braking of the casters 101 to lock, fixing the casters 101 with electromagnetic attraction to ensure the overall stability of the device and prevent displacement during the teaching process.

[0043] Based on the needs of the teaching scenario, the operator inputs the target height parameter through the control module. The control module sends a drive signal to the power component (electric cylinder), and the electric cylinder extends and retracts, causing the sliding end of the scissor-type linkage 2 to slide along the top guide rail of the movable base 1. The change in the cross angle of the scissor-type linkage 2 achieves the smooth raising and lowering of the demonstration platform 3. During this process, the angle sensor of the operation status monitoring unit collects the motion angle data of the scissor-type linkage 2 in real time and feeds it back to the control module. When the demonstration platform 3 reaches the target height, the electric cylinder automatically stops and maintains the current state.

[0044] The operator fixes the orthopedic surgical skeleton model in the designated position on the demonstration platform 3. The necessary surgical simulation instruments (such as simulated bone drills and screwdrivers) are detachably connected to the robotic arm 6 via the electromagnetic locking assembly 601. Upon receiving a signal from the control module, the electromagnetic locking assembly 601 generates electromagnetic attraction, firmly securing the surgical simulation instruments and preventing them from falling off during operation. Subsequently, the operator puts on the electromyography sensor patch and sends an activation signal to the control module. Upon receiving the signal, the control module initiates the automatic positioning program: the first drive unit (first motor) starts, driving the sprocket to rotate. The sprocket engages the chain and moves along the guide groove in the annular guide rail 4, thereby driving the slide table 5 to move synchronously. The rotating gimbal adjusts the pitch and horizontal angles. The camera captures images in real time and feeds them back to the control module. The control module analyzes the images and locks onto the simulated surgical area (the key operating parts of the skeleton model), completing automatic positioning and aligning with the target area. At this time, the electromagnetic brake caster 101 remains locked to ensure device stability.

[0045] In the teaching operation phase, the operator uses the surgical simulation instruments at the end of the robotic arm 6 to perform simulated orthopedic surgeries (such as fracture reduction and screw implantation). During the operation, various monitoring components work in real time: the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and dust concentration sensor of the environmental monitoring unit continuously collect environmental parameters of the surgical simulation area; the torque sensor of the operation status monitoring unit captures the torque changes of the robotic arm 6 in real time, the angle sensor monitors the movement angle and posture of the robotic arm 6, and the electromyography sensor patch collects the electromyographic signals of the operator's hand force. The data from these three sources are transmitted synchronously to the control module, which dynamically adjusts the viewing angle and regulates the module's working status based on this data.

[0046] For example, when the electromyography sensor patch detects increased force from the operator's hand, or when the angle sensor detects a change in the angle of the robotic arm 6, the control module drives the first motor to adjust the position of the slide 5 and rotates the gimbal to fine-tune the camera angle, ensuring that the camera always accurately captures the details of the surgical operation; the pressure sensor of the model status monitoring unit monitors the pressure of the surgical simulation instruments on the bone model in real time, and the displacement sensor tracks the displacement of the bone model. The data is synchronously fed back to the control module to provide a basis for judging the rationality of the operation.

[0047] If, during operation, the pressure sensor detects that the pressure data of the surgical simulation instrument on the bone model exceeds the preset pressure threshold, the control module immediately issues a command to control the electromagnetic locking component 601 to lock the joint of the robotic arm 6, preventing the robotic arm 6 from continuing to apply pressure to the bone model and avoiding damage to the bone model. At the same time, the control module focuses on capturing the current operation scene and records the abnormal operation.

[0048] If the angle sensor detects that the horizontal tilt of the demonstration platform 3 exceeds the preset tilt threshold, the control module immediately shuts off the electric cylinder of the lifting bracket, stops all height adjustment actions, and issues a warning message; and immediately drives the first motor of the viewing angle adjustment module to drive the slide table 5 to slide quickly along the circular guide rail 4 to directly above the center of the demonstration platform 3, rotates the gimbal to deflect the camera, so that the camera is perpendicular to the simulated surgical area of ​​the demonstration platform 3, and continuously records the current operation screen to provide visual data support for subsequent anomaly analysis.

[0049] After the teaching operation is completed, the operator sends a termination signal to the control module. Upon receiving the signal, the control module unlocks the electromagnetic locking component 601, allowing the operator to remove the surgical simulation instruments. The control module then drives the robotic arm 6 to reset to its initial position, the first motor of the perspective adjustment module drives the slide table 5 back to the initial position of the circular guide rail 4, the gimbal resets, and the camera stops recording. The electromagnetic brake caster 101 unlocks, allowing the operator to push the device to the storage location. All monitoring components stop data acquisition, the control module saves all monitoring data and operation records from this teaching session, and the device is reset.

[0050] Example 2:

[0051] The difference from Embodiment 1 is that it also includes a warning module, which includes an indicator light and a buzzer, both of which are connected to the control module. When the dust concentration data exceeds a preset concentration threshold, the temperature data exceeds a temperature threshold range, or the humidity data exceeds a humidity threshold range, the control module triggers a yellow warning on the indicator light and the buzzer emits an intermittent short beep. When the torque data exceeds a preset torque threshold or the angle data exceeds a preset angle threshold, the control module triggers a flashing yellow warning on the indicator light and the buzzer emits an intermittent long beep, while simultaneously controlling the robotic arm 6 to reduce its movement speed. When the pressure data exceeds a pressure threshold or the displacement data exceeds a preset displacement threshold range, the control module triggers a solid red warning on the indicator light and the buzzer emits a continuous alarm sound, while simultaneously controlling the robotic arm 6 to immediately lock, the viewing angle adjustment module to record the current operation screen, and the lifting support to stop.

[0052] The specific implementation process is as follows: Based on the operation steps in Example 1, the operator holds a surgical simulation instrument and performs simulated operations such as fracture reduction and screw implantation via robotic arm 6. All modules work collaboratively and respond to anomalies in real time.

[0053] Environmental parameter monitoring and early warning: Temperature, humidity, and dust concentration sensors continuously collect data and transmit it to the control module. If the dust concentration exceeds the preset threshold range, or the temperature exceeds the threshold range, or the humidity exceeds the threshold range, the control module immediately triggers the early warning module's indicator light to illuminate solid yellow, and the buzzer emits intermittent short beeps to remind operators to improve environmental conditions. At this time, other modules continue to operate normally, and teaching is not interrupted.

[0054] Operational status monitoring and early warning: The torque sensor captures real-time torque changes of the robotic arm 6, and the angle sensor monitors the movement angle and posture of the robotic arm 6. The data is synchronously transmitted to the control module. If the torque data exceeds the torque threshold range, or the angle data exceeds the angle threshold range, the control module triggers a yellow flashing warning indicator, a buzzer emits an intermittent long beep, and simultaneously sends a deceleration command to the robotic arm 6 to avoid excessive operation or force. The perspective adjustment module continuously tracks and captures operational details.

[0055] Model status monitoring and feedback: Pressure sensors monitor the pressure of surgical simulation instruments on the bone model in real time, and displacement sensors track the displacement of the bone model. The data is synchronously fed back to the control module to provide a basis for judging the rationality of the operation. If the parameters are within the normal range, the control module will not trigger any additional actions.

[0056] If, during operation, the pressure sensor detects that the pressure data exceeds the preset pressure threshold, or the displacement sensor detects that the displacement of the skeletal model exceeds the preset range, the control module immediately initiates an emergency procedure: triggering the warning module's indicator light to illuminate continuously in red, and emitting a continuous alarm sound; simultaneously controlling the electromagnetic locking component 601 to lock all joints of the robotic arm 6, preventing the robotic arm 6 from continuing to move; driving the perspective adjustment module to focus on the current operating area, and the camera continuously recording the operation; sending a stop command to the electric cylinder of the lifting bracket to disable all height adjustment actions, comprehensively preserving the visual and data records of the abnormal operation for subsequent analysis and review.

[0057] Example 3:

[0058] As attached Figure 3As shown, the difference from Embodiment 2 is that it also includes a multi-screen collaboration module. The multi-screen collaboration module includes a main screen 7, several mounting components, and several secondary screens 8. The main screen 7 is embedded in the front end of the demonstration platform 3. The secondary screens 8 are mounted on both sides of the demonstration platform 3 via the mounting components. Each mounting component includes a second drive element 9, which is installed inside the demonstration platform 3. Each output shaft of the second drive element 9 is fitted with a sleeve rod 10, and each sleeve rod 10 is fitted with several gear rings 11. The gear rings 11 mesh with gears 12, and each gear 12 is coaxially and fixedly connected to a third drive element 13. The third drive elements 13 are all fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the demonstration platform 3. Both the second drive elements 9 and the third drive elements 13 are signal-connected to the control module. The end of the sleeve rod 10 furthest from the second drive element 9 is fixedly connected to each of the secondary screens 8. In this embodiment, the second drive element 9 is a second motor, and the third drive element 13 is a third motor.

[0059] The specific implementation process is as follows: Based on the operation steps in Example 1, the control module drives the perspective adjustment module to start automatic positioning—the first driving component (first motor) drives the sprocket to rotate, the chain meshes and drives the slide 5 to move along the annular guide rail 4, the rotating gimbal adjusts the angle, the camera captures the image in real time and feeds it back to the control module, and finally locks and aligns the skeletal model operation area. At the same time, the control module drives the multi-screen collaboration module to enter the working state: the main screen 7 switches to the operation screen display mode, the second driving component 9 (second motor) starts, drives the sleeve rod 10 to rotate, or drives the third driving component 13 (third motor) to drive the gear ring 11 to move through the gear 12, so that the secondary screen 8 can rotate horizontally or move vertically up and down, ensuring that both the main and secondary screens 8 can clearly display the surgical simulation area image captured by the camera.

[0060] Operators use robotic arms 6 to perform simulated procedures such as fracture reduction and screw implantation using surgical instruments. All modules respond collaboratively and handle anomalies in real time: cameras continuously capture details of the surgical procedure, and the captured images are processed by the control module and simultaneously transmitted to the main screen 7 and secondary screen 8. The main screen 7 displays the overall operation view plus a split-screen view of local details, while the secondary screen 8 magnifies the core area of ​​the operation (such as the screw implantation point and the fracture reduction surface). If the viewing angle of the secondary screen 8 needs to be adjusted, the control module can drive the second drive component 9 to rotate the gear ring 11 and gear 12, achieving a 360° horizontal rotation of the secondary screen 8, or drive the third drive component 13 to adjust the pitch angle of the secondary screen 8 to suit the viewing needs of students in different positions.

[0061] Example 4:

[0062] The difference from Embodiment 3 is that the viewing angle adjustment module also includes an infrared positioning submodule. The infrared positioning submodule includes infrared locators installed at both ends of the circular guide rail 4 and an infrared wristband worn on the operator's wrist. Both the infrared locators and the infrared wristband are connected to the control module via signals. When the operator wears the infrared wristband to perform surgical operations, the infrared locators are used to track the position trajectory of the infrared wristband in real time and generate hand movement coordinate data to be transmitted to the control module. The control module controls the camera movement information based on the coordinate data and the angle data of the robotic arm 6, that is, drives the slide 5 to move adaptively along the circular guide rail 4, and the rotating gimbal adjusts its posture synchronously so that the camera follows the operator's hand movements.

[0063] The surgical operation simulation module, multi-screen collaboration module, and viewing angle adjustment module are structurally linked through the control module: the electromagnetic locking component 601 at the end of the robotic arm 6 has an RFID reader built in, and the connection end of the surgical simulation instrument is equipped with an RFID chip. After the surgical simulation instrument is installed in place, the RFID reader reads the information and transmits it to the control module, which then calls the corresponding operation interface: the main screen 7 displays the parameters and steps of the surgical simulation instrument, and the secondary screen 8 adjusts the viewing angle through the second drive component 9 and the third drive component 13; at the same time, the hand coordinate data of the infrared positioning submodule is synchronously transmitted to the main screen 7, and the main screen 7 overlays the correspondence between the hand trajectory and the working end position of the surgical simulation instrument, while the secondary screen 8 displays the close-up image from the camera.

[0064] The specific implementation process is as follows: Based on the operation steps in Example 1, the robotic arm 6 of the surgical operation simulation module is reset to the initial position, and the RFID reader built into the electromagnetic locking component 601 is powered on for self-test, displaying a ready state. After the infrared positioners at both ends of the circular guide rail 4 are powered on, they emit infrared detection signals. The infrared wristband worn on the operator's wrist responds and feeds back the signal, and the control module confirms that the infrared positioning submodule is communicating normally.

[0065] The operator fixes the orthopedic surgical skeleton model to the designated workstation on demonstration platform 3, selects the corresponding surgical simulation instrument (such as a simulated screw inserter, fracture reduction forceps, etc.), and aligns the instrument's connecting end with the electromagnetic locking component 601 at the end of the robotic arm 6. Once the surgical simulation instrument is in place, the RFID reader within the electromagnetic locking component 601 immediately reads the information stored in the RFID chip at the instrument's connecting end (including instrument type, compatible surgical steps, parameter range, etc.) and transmits the information to the control module in real time. After receiving the RFID information, the control module automatically calls up the corresponding surgical operation interface: the main screen 7 switches to the instrument's dedicated operation interface, displaying instrument parameters (such as maximum operating force, compatible screw specifications, reduction angle range, etc.) and step-by-step operation instructions.

[0066] The infrared locator captures the position of the infrared wristband in real time, generating initial hand coordinate data. Combined with the initial angle data of the robotic arm 6 collected by the angle sensor, the control module drives the first motor to rotate the sprocket. The chain meshes and drives the slide table 5 to move along the circular guide rail 4. The rotating gimbal adjusts the angle so that the camera can quickly align with the skeletal model operation area. At the same time, the multi-screen collaboration module enters the working state: the main screen 7 switches to the operation screen display mode, the second motor starts to drive the sleeve rod 10 and the toothed ring 11 to rotate, the toothed ring 11 meshes with the gear 12 to drive the third motor and the secondary screen 8 to rotate horizontally to face the student area, the third motor adjusts the tilt angle of the secondary screen 8 (default 30°), and the main and secondary screens 8 synchronously display the initial image collected by the camera.

[0067] During operation, the infrared locator continuously tracks the position trajectory of the infrared wristband, generating 100 sets of three-dimensional hand motion coordinate data per second and transmitting them to the control module. The control module fuses the coordinate data with the motion data of the robotic arm 6 collected by the torque sensor and angle sensor, and outputs camera adjustment commands in real time: driving the first motor to move the slide 5 adaptively along the circular guide rail 4, and simultaneously controlling the rotating gimbal to adjust the horizontal rotation angle and pitch angle, so that the camera always accurately follows the operator's hand movements, dynamically capturing the details of the surgical operation (such as the screw insertion process and the fracture end reduction and fitting process), ensuring that the core area of ​​the operation is always in the center of the lens.

[0068] The viewing angle adjustment module is linked with the infrared positioning submodule. Based on hand coordinate data and robotic arm angle data, the control module dynamically drives the first motor to adjust the speed and direction of the slide 5 along the circular guide rail 4, and the rotating gimbal adjusts its angle in real time. This ensures the camera always follows the movement of the surgical simulation instrument's working end, capturing close-up images and transmitting them to the secondary screen 8. The secondary screen 8 continuously magnifies and displays key operational details (such as screw insertion depth and fracture end fit), adjusting the magnification. The high-definition operation images captured by the camera are processed by the control module and simultaneously transmitted to the main screen 7 and the secondary screen 8. The main screen 7 displays the overall operation view plus an overlay of the infrared positioning trajectory, while the secondary screen 8 magnifies and displays operational details (such as screw insertion angle and stress points on the bone model). If the trainee's position changes, the control module can drive the second and third motors to adjust the horizontal rotation and pitch angles of the secondary screen 8, adapting to the viewing needs of trainees in different positions and ensuring all trainees can clearly observe the operation process. The main screen 7 always maintains an overlay display of operation instructions, instrument parameters, and hand trajectory, providing real-time reference for the operator.

[0069] Example 5:

[0070] The difference from Embodiment 4 is that a buffer assembly is provided at the sliding engagement part of the scissor-type connecting rod 2 of the lifting bracket with the movable base 1 and the demonstration platform 3. The buffer assembly includes a buffer spring, a buffer rod, and a buffer sleeve. The buffer spring is sleeved on the buffer rod, one end of the buffer rod is fixedly connected to the hinge point, and the other end of the buffer rod is inserted into the buffer sleeve. The end of the buffer sleeve away from the buffer rod is fixedly connected to the sliding engagement part. When the demonstration platform 3 tilts due to accidental collision or improper operation, the buffer spring is compressed or stretched, and the buffer rod slides in the buffer sleeve to play a buffering role. At the same time, the control module receives the tilt signal detected by the angle sensor and controls the power component to adjust the power component in the opposite direction.

[0071] The specific implementation process is as follows: The operator pushes the device to the designated orthopedic teaching site using the casters 101 at the bottom of the base 1. During the pushing process, the casters 101 are not electromagnetically braked, allowing for flexible adjustment of the placement position. Upon reaching the target position, the operator issues an initialization command through the control module, which then triggers the electromagnetic braking of the casters 101 to lock, securing the rollers via electromagnetic adsorption and ensuring overall device stability. The buffer assembly at the sliding contact of the scissor-type linkage 2 of the lifting bracket is in a naturally extended state, with the buffer spring neither compressed nor stretched, and the buffer rod and buffer sleeve maintaining their initial engagement position.

[0072] If the demonstration platform 3 tilts due to accidental collision or improper operation during the teaching process, the relative displacement between the scissor-type linkage 2, the sliding contact point between the movable base 1, and the demonstration platform 3 will push the buffer rod to retract or extend into the buffer sleeve. The buffer spring will be compressed or stretched accordingly, absorbing the impact force through elastic deformation and slowing down the tilting speed of the demonstration platform 3, preventing a sudden increase in the tilting amplitude. At the same time, the angle sensor detects the tilt signal of the demonstration platform 3 in real time and transmits it to the control module. The control module immediately drives the electric cylinder of the lifting bracket to perform a reverse adjustment action (if the front end of the platform tilts, the electric cylinder drives the front scissor-type linkage 2 to extend; if the rear end tilts, it drives the rear linkage to extend). With the elastic buffering of the buffer assembly, the tilting trend is quickly counteracted, and the demonstration platform 3 is restored to a horizontal state.

[0073] Example 6:

[0074] The difference from Embodiment 5 is that it also includes a data storage and playback module, which is signal-connected to the control module. The data storage and playback module includes a large-capacity memory and a data playback interface. The large-capacity memory is used to store various monitoring data during the surgical operation simulation process, operation images captured by the camera, and content displayed by the multi-screen collaboration module. The data playback interface is used to support connection through external devices.

[0075] The specific implementation process is as follows: During the teaching process, the control module sends a start storage command to the data storage and playback module, and the large-capacity storage device begins to store various types of data in real time (environmental monitoring data, operation status data, model status data, infrared positioning trajectory data), operation screen captured by the camera, and all content displayed on the main / secondary screen 8.

[0076] If, during operation, the pressure data exceeds the threshold, the skeletal model displacement exceeds the range, or the tilt exceeds the threshold and cannot be offset, the control module immediately initiates an emergency procedure: triggering a constant red warning light and a continuous alarm sound from the early warning module; locking the six joints of the robotic arm, focusing on capturing the abnormal scene, and stopping the lifting support movement; simultaneously, the data storage and playback module automatically marks the abnormal time point, and prioritizes storing all data (including infrared trajectory, operation data, and images) from 10 seconds before to 20 seconds after the abnormality (including infrared trajectory, operation data, and images) (separately categorized and archived) to ensure that the abnormal scene is completely preserved for subsequent review and analysis.

[0077] After the teaching is completed, the data storage and playback module receives the stop storage command, automatically classifies and organizes all the stored data of this teaching (categorized by "basic data - operation screen - abnormal records"), generates a storage directory and synchronizes it to the main screen 7 for display.

[0078] If real-time playback is required, operators can connect to external devices (such as computers or projectors) through the data playback interface, or directly access the playback function through the main screen 7, select a specified time period (such as the time period when the anomaly occurred or the key operation steps) to play back the screen and data synchronously. During playback, the operator can pause, fast forward, and view detailed data reports for the corresponding time point. If data needs to be exported, the stored file can be copied to an external device through the USB interface for subsequent teaching analysis or archiving.

[0079] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device, comprising a movable base (1) for realizing the overall movement and stable support of the demonstration device, wherein the movable base (1) is equipped with a lifting bracket for adjusting the demonstration height to adapt to different teaching scenarios and a demonstration platform (3) for supporting orthopedic surgical simulation components, characterized in that, The demonstration platform (3) is equipped with a perspective adjustment module for capturing surgical operation details from multiple perspectives, a surgical operation simulation module for simulating the feel of operating real surgical instruments, a monitoring component for real-time monitoring of the surgical simulation environment and operation status, and a control module for realizing linkage control and data feedback of each module. The bottom of the mobile base (1) is equipped with a caster wheel (101) with electromagnetic brake. The lifting bracket includes a scissor link (2). One end of the scissor link (2) is hinged and slidably connected to the top of the mobile base (1). The other end of the scissor link (2) is hinged and slidably connected to the bottom of the demonstration platform (3). A power component is installed on the side of the scissor link (2) that is slidably connected to the mobile base (1). The control module is connected to the viewing angle adjustment module, the surgical operation simulation module and the power component signal respectively. When the control module receives the activation signal from the surgical operation simulation module, it triggers the power component to enter the standby state, the viewing angle adjustment module to start automatic positioning and align with the simulated surgical area, and the electromagnetic brake universal wheel (101) to perform a locking action; when the control module determines that the monitoring component detects that the horizontal tilt of the demonstration platform (3) exceeds the preset tilt threshold, it shuts down the power component, issues a warning message, and controls the viewing angle adjustment module to record the current operation screen.

2. The orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring components include an environmental monitoring unit, an operation status monitoring unit, and a model status monitoring unit. The environmental monitoring unit, the operation status monitoring unit, and the model status monitoring unit are all connected to the control module. The environmental monitoring unit includes a temperature sensor for collecting the air temperature of the surgical simulation area, a humidity sensor for detecting the air humidity of the area, and a dust concentration sensor for monitoring the concentration of dust particles during operation. The temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and dust concentration sensor are all installed at the edge of the demonstration platform (3). The operation status monitoring unit includes a torque sensor for capturing the torque change of the surgical operation simulation module, an angle sensor for the movement angle and posture of the surgical operation simulation module, and an electromyography sensor patch for collecting electromyographic signals of the operator's hand. The model status monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure of the surgical simulation instrument on the skeletal model and a displacement sensor for tracking the displacement of the skeletal model.

3. The orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The viewing angle adjustment module includes a mounting bracket (301) and a ring rail (4). The ring rail (4) is mounted above the demonstration platform (3) via the mounting bracket (301). A first drive component is installed inside the ring rail (4). A sprocket is coaxially fixedly connected to the first drive component. The sprocket meshes with a chain. The chain is embedded in the ring rail (4). A slide (5) is fixedly connected to the chain. A rotating gimbal is installed on the slide (5). A camera is installed on the rotating gimbal. The first drive component, the rotating gimbal, and the camera are all signal-connected to the control module. The control module adjusts the first drive component and the rotating gimbal according to the real-time monitoring data of the monitoring component. When the control module determines that the angle sensor detects that the horizontal tilt of the demonstration platform (3) exceeds the preset tilt threshold, the control module immediately drives the slide (5) to slide along the circular guide rail (4) and rotates the gimbal to deflect the camera so that the camera faces the demonstration platform (3).

4. The orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The surgical operation simulation module includes a robotic arm (6). One end of the robotic arm (6) is fixedly connected to the demonstration platform (3). The other end of the robotic arm (6) is equipped with an electromagnetic locking component (601) for detachable connection of surgical simulation instruments. The electromagnetic locking component (601) is connected to the control module. When the surgical simulation instrument contacts the bone model, the pressure sensor transmits the force signal to the control module. If the pressure data exceeds the preset pressure threshold, the control module immediately controls and locks the robotic arm (6).

5. The orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes an early warning module, which includes indicator lights and a buzzer, both of which are connected to the control module via signals. When the dust concentration data exceeds the preset concentration threshold, the temperature data exceeds the temperature threshold range, or the humidity data exceeds the humidity threshold range, the control module triggers a yellow warning indicator and the buzzer emits an intermittent short beep. When the torque data exceeds the preset torque threshold or the angle data exceeds the preset angle threshold, the control module triggers the indicator light to flash yellow as a warning, the buzzer emits an intermittent long prompt sound, and at the same time controls the robotic arm (6) to reduce its movement speed. When the pressure data exceeds the pressure threshold or the displacement data exceeds the displacement preset threshold range, the control module triggers a red warning light, the buzzer emits a continuous alarm sound, and at the same time the control module controls the robotic arm (6) to lock immediately, the viewing angle adjustment module records the current operation screen and the lifting bracket stops.

6. The orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a multi-screen collaboration module, which includes a main screen (7), several installation components and several sub-screens (8). The main screen (7) is embedded in the front end of the demonstration platform (3), and the sub-screens (8) are installed on both sides of the demonstration platform (3) through the installation components. Each installation component includes a second drive component (9), which is installed inside the demonstration platform (3). The output shaft of the second drive component (9) is fitted with a sleeve rod (10), and several toothed rings (11) are fitted on the sleeve rod (10). The toothed rings (11) are meshed with gears (12), and the gears (12) are coaxially fixedly connected to a third drive component (13). The third drive component (13) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the demonstration platform (3). The second drive component (9) and the third drive component (13) are both connected to the control module signal. The end of the sleeve rod (10) away from the second drive component (9) is fixedly connected to the sub-screen (8).

7. The orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The viewing angle adjustment module also includes an infrared positioning submodule, which includes an infrared locator installed at both ends of the ring rail (4) and an infrared wristband worn on the operator's wrist. Both the infrared locator and the infrared wristband are connected to the control module signal. When the operator wears an infrared wristband to perform surgery, the infrared locator is used to track the position trajectory of the infrared wristband in real time and generate hand movement coordinate data to the control module. The control module controls the camera movement information according to the coordinate data and the angle data of the robotic arm (6), that is, drives the slide (5) to move adaptively along the circular guide rail (4), and the rotating gimbal adjusts its posture synchronously so that the camera follows the operator's hand movements.

8. The orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The surgical operation simulation module, the multi-screen collaboration module, and the viewing angle adjustment module form a structural linkage through the control module: the end electromagnetic locking component (601) of the robotic arm (6) has an RFID reader built in, and the connection end of the surgical simulation instrument is equipped with an RFID chip. After the surgical simulation instrument is installed, the RFID reader reads the information and transmits it to the control module, and the control module calls the corresponding operation interface: the main screen (7) displays the parameters and steps of the surgical simulation instrument, and the sub-screen (8) adjusts the viewing angle through the second drive component (9) and the third drive component (13); at the same time, the hand coordinate data of the infrared positioning sub-module is synchronously transmitted to the main screen (7), the main screen (7) overlays the relationship between the hand trajectory and the working end position of the surgical simulation instrument, and the sub-screen (8) displays the close-up image of the camera.

9. The orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The scissor-type connecting rod (2) of the lifting bracket is equipped with a buffer assembly at the sliding engagement part of the movable base (1) and the demonstration platform (3). The buffer assembly includes a buffer spring, a buffer rod and a buffer sleeve. The buffer spring is sleeved on the buffer rod. One end of the buffer rod is fixedly connected to the hinge point, and the other end of the buffer rod is inserted into the buffer sleeve. The end of the buffer sleeve away from the buffer rod is fixedly connected to the sliding engagement part. When the demonstration platform (3) tilts due to accidental collision or improper operation, the buffer spring is compressed or stretched, and the buffer rod slides in the buffer sleeve to play a buffering role. At the same time, the control module receives the tilt signal detected by the angle sensor and controls the power component to adjust the power component in the opposite direction.

10. The orthopedic operating room teaching demonstration device according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a data storage and playback module, which is connected to the control module via signals. The data storage and playback module includes a large-capacity memory and a data playback interface. The large-capacity memory is used to store various monitoring data during the surgical operation simulation process, operation images captured by the camera, and content displayed by the multi-screen collaboration module. The data playback interface is used to support connections via external devices.

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