High-temperature superconducting magnet collaborative protection method and system based on liquid hydrogen cooling

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature superconducting magnet cooperative protection method and system based on liquid hydrogen cooling, and relates to the technical field of superconducting magnet safety monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: collecting loop parameters of a liquid hydrogen cooling system and magnet parameters of a superconducting magnet system in real time; determining a risk score according to the loop parameter and the magnet parameter; the liquid hydrogen state score is used for representing the fluid thermodynamic stability of the liquid hydrogen cooling system; the magnet state score is used for representing the electromagnetic thermal stability of the superconducting magnet; the coupling risk score is used for identifying concurrent characteristics of abnormal liquid hydrogen cooling and electromagnetic thermal disturbance of the magnet; inputting the risk score into a multi-modal risk index fusion evaluation model to identify system-level correlation among abnormal liquid hydrogen pressure, cooling capacity reduction and magnet quenching forebounds, determining a comprehensive risk index, performing quantitative evaluation on the operation state, and executing a hierarchical linkage protection strategy through a finite-state machine, so as to realize the multi-modal risk index fusion evaluation model. According to the invention, early warning and structured linkage protection are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of superconducting magnet safety monitoring technology, and particularly relates to a collaborative protection method and system for high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling. Background Art

[0002] Liquid hydrogen (in the 20K temperature range) has become a极具潜力的冷却介质 in high-temperature superconducting energy storage, superconducting motors, and fusion magnet systems due to its low cost, high energy density, and excellent heat transfer performance. Compared with traditional liquid helium or liquid nitrogen cooling, liquid hydrogen cooling can not only maintain the superconducting state but also achieve the collaborative conversion of hydrogen-electric energy. However, the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnet system faces special safety challenges: 液氢系统的固有风险:液氢具有易燃易爆特性,其储罐与循环管路中的压力波动、气液两相流分布不均(如气阻、局部沸腾)以及微量泄漏都会带来潜在危险,并直接导致对磁体冷却能力的下降。

[0003] Limitations of traditional detection methods: Currently, the quench detection of superconducting magnets mainly relies on methods such as voltage method and fiber optic temperature measurement method. In a liquid hydrogen environment, especially for non-insulated high-temperature superconducting coils with inter-turn shunt characteristics, the voltage signal at the initial stage of quench is often masked, resulting in low detection sensitivity and slow response. And the current quench detection technology often focuses on the electromagnetic response of the magnet itself and does not fully consider the influence of changes in the cooling environment.

[0004] [[ID=]](In the liquid hydrogen cooling system, local temperature rise, as the pre-state of quench, usually causes changes in the gas-liquid state. For example, a sudden increase in the liquid vaporization rate leads to pressure fluctuations, local two-phase flow blockage causes a sudden drop in flow rate, and micro-leakage causes an increase in the surrounding hydrogen concentration. If these changes cannot be recognized in time and related to the thermal behavior of the magnet itself, it is difficult to form an effective linkage protection. Therefore, the existing superconducting magnet quench detection methods cannot respond synchronously to pressure abnormalities, hydrogen leakage, and heat transfer capacity attenuation in the liquid hydrogen system, which means that the magnet may be at potential risk in the early stage of cooling performance decline, while the existing system can only give an early warning (such as when pressure abnormalities, local phase loss, gas blockage, hydrogen leakage, or two-phase flow blockage cause cooling to decline), and can only respond passively after the magnet actually quenches, which is extremely likely to cause magnet damage or liquid hydrogen system accidents. [[ID=]]Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a collaborative protection method and system for high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling to solve the problem of inability to give an early warning in the early stage.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the following solutions are provided in this application.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for the coordinated protection of high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling, comprising the following steps.

[0008] The loop parameters of the liquid hydrogen cooling system and the magnet parameters of the superconducting magnet system are collected in real time. The loop parameters include the pressure, temperature, flow rate, and hydrogen leakage concentration of the liquid hydrogen cooling loop. The magnet parameters include the voltage, magnetic field, and local temperature of the superconducting magnet.

[0009] Based on the loop parameters and magnet parameters, a risk score is determined; the risk score includes a liquid hydrogen state score, a magnet state score, and a coupling risk score; the liquid hydrogen state score is used to characterize the fluid thermodynamic stability of the liquid hydrogen cooling system; the magnet state score is used to characterize the electromagnetic thermal stability of the superconducting magnet; and the coupling risk score is used to identify the concurrent characteristics of liquid hydrogen cooling anomalies and magnet electromagnetic thermal disturbances.

[0010] The risk score is input into a multimodal risk index fusion assessment model to identify the system-level correlation between liquid hydrogen pressure anomalies, cooling capacity reduction, and magnet quench precursors, and to determine the comprehensive risk index; the multimodal risk index fusion assessment model includes a liquid hydrogen state score sub-model, a magnet state score sub-model, and a coupled risk score sub-model.

[0011] Based on the comprehensive risk index, the operating status is quantitatively assessed, and a hierarchical linkage protection strategy is executed through a finite state machine. The hierarchical linkage protection strategy includes flow regulation, excitation locking, controlled flow reduction, hydrogen discharge and voltage stabilization, energy transfer, emergency hydrogen discharge, and power cut-off.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a high-temperature superconducting magnet collaborative protection system based on liquid hydrogen cooling, which includes the following modules.

[0013] The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the loop parameters of the liquid hydrogen cooling system and the magnet parameters of the superconducting magnet system in real time. The loop parameters include the pressure, temperature, flow rate, and hydrogen leakage concentration of the liquid hydrogen cooling loop. The magnet parameters include the voltage, magnetic field, and local temperature of the superconducting magnet.

[0014] The risk scoring determination module is used to determine a risk score based on the loop parameters and magnet parameters. The risk score includes a liquid hydrogen state score, a magnet state score, and a coupling risk score. The liquid hydrogen state score is used to characterize the fluid thermodynamic stability of the liquid hydrogen cooling system. The magnet state score is used to characterize the electromagnetic thermal stability of the superconducting magnet. The coupling risk score is used to identify the concurrent characteristics of liquid hydrogen cooling anomalies and magnet electromagnetic thermal disturbances.

[0015] The comprehensive risk index determination module is used to input the risk score into the multimodal risk index fusion evaluation model to identify the system-level correlation between liquid hydrogen pressure anomaly, cooling capacity reduction and magnet quench precursor, and determine the comprehensive risk index; the multimodal risk index fusion evaluation model includes a liquid hydrogen state sub-scoring model, a magnet state sub-scoring model and a coupled risk sub-scoring model.

[0016] The linkage logic module is used to quantitatively evaluate the operating status based on the comprehensive risk index and execute a hierarchical linkage protection strategy through a finite state machine. The hierarchical linkage protection strategy includes flow regulation, excitation locking, controlled flow reduction, hydrogen discharge and voltage stabilization, energy transfer, emergency hydrogen discharge, and power cut-off.

[0017] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects: By synchronously and in real-time collecting key operating parameters such as pressure, pressure change rate, temperature, flow rate, and hydrogen leakage concentration of the liquid hydrogen cooling circuit (i.e., the liquid hydrogen cooling side), as well as voltage, magnetic field, and local temperature of the superconducting magnet side, this application innovatively constructs a multimodal risk index fusion evaluation model that includes liquid hydrogen state score, magnet state score, and coupled risk score. This model identifies the system-level correlation between abnormal liquid hydrogen pressure, decreased cooling capacity, and magnet quench precursors, determines the comprehensive risk index, quantitatively evaluates the operating status, and executes a graded linkage protection strategy including flow regulation, excitation lockout, controlled flow reduction, hydrogen discharge and pressure stabilization, energy transfer, emergency hydrogen discharge, and power cut-off. This solves the problem of the disconnect between cooling system anomalies and magnet quench monitoring in the prior art, and realizes early warning and structured linkage protection. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a high-temperature superconducting magnet synergistic protection method based on liquid hydrogen cooling, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 A finite state machine state transition diagram provided for an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the logic of multimodal data fusion and comprehensive risk index assessment provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of a high-temperature superconducting magnet synergistic protection system based on liquid hydrogen cooling, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] To make the objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] The terms used in this application are explained below.

[0026] Liquid hydrogen pressure anomalies refer to pressure fluctuations in liquid hydrogen storage tanks or circulation pipelines that deviate from the normal operating range in absolute value, with excessively rapid pressure rise rates, significant pressure oscillations, or transient pressure disturbances caused by changes in two-phase flow distribution. These anomalies often reflect a decrease in cooling capacity or enhanced local vaporization and are important early warning signs of instability in liquid hydrogen cooling systems.

[0027] Quench loss: The phenomenon where a localized region of a tape or superconducting coil, originally in a superconducting state, transitions from a superconducting state to a normal conductive state due to thermal disturbance, mechanical disturbance, current overload, or insufficient cooling. The quench region generates resistance and Joule heating, which can rapidly expand and cause magnet damage.

[0028] Multimodal fusion refers to the fusion of multiple data from different systems into a unified risk assessment model, and the generation of a system-level or comprehensive risk score through correlation analysis, rule reasoning, or model training.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application provides a method for the coordinated protection of high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling, which includes the following steps.

[0030] S1: Real-time acquisition of loop parameters of the liquid hydrogen cooling system and magnet parameters of the superconducting magnet system; the loop parameters include pressure, temperature, flow rate and hydrogen leakage concentration of the liquid hydrogen cooling loop; the magnet parameters include voltage, magnetic field and local temperature of the superconducting magnet.

[0031] S2: Determine the risk score based on the loop parameters and magnet parameters; the risk score includes liquid hydrogen state score, magnet state score and coupling risk score; the liquid hydrogen state score is used to characterize the fluid thermodynamic stability of the liquid hydrogen cooling system; the magnet state score is used to characterize the electromagnetic thermal stability of the superconducting magnet; the coupling risk score is used to identify the concurrent characteristics of liquid hydrogen cooling anomalies and magnet electromagnetic thermal disturbances.

[0032] S3: Input the risk score into the multimodal risk index fusion evaluation model to identify the system-level correlation between liquid hydrogen pressure anomaly, cooling capacity reduction and magnet quench precursor, and determine the comprehensive risk index; the multimodal risk index fusion evaluation model includes a liquid hydrogen state scoring sub-model, a magnet state scoring sub-model and a coupled risk scoring sub-model.

[0033] S4: Based on the comprehensive risk index, the operating status is quantitatively evaluated, and a hierarchical linkage protection strategy is executed through a finite state machine; the hierarchical linkage protection strategy includes flow regulation, excitation locking, controlled flow reduction, hydrogen discharge and voltage stabilization, energy transfer, emergency hydrogen discharge, and power cut-off.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, S1 specifically includes: performing high-frequency synchronous data acquisition on the liquid hydrogen cooling system and the superconducting magnet system.

[0035] Liquid hydrogen cooling system side acquisition loop parameters: pressure P Monitor the pressure of storage tanks and pipelines to identify overpressure risks.

[0036] Pressure change rate It is obtained by differential calculation of pressure signal and is used to identify dynamic anomalies such as gas-liquid two-phase flow oscillation, gas resistance or rapid boiling.

[0037] Temperature T H2 Monitor the coolant temperature to determine if it meets the temperature range requirements.

[0038] flow F Monitor the circulation flow to determine if the cooling capacity has decreased.

[0039] Hydrogen leakage concentration C H2 : Monitor hydrogen concentration in the environment to identify leaks.

[0040] Superconducting magnet side acquisition of magnet parameters: voltage V : Monitor the voltage across the coil and identify the resistive voltage component caused by quench.

[0041] magnetic field B Hall effect sensors are used to monitor the magnetic field at the center or edge to identify magnetic flux jumps or current decays.

[0042] Local temperature Tlocal It monitors the temperature of key parts of the coil (such as connectors and high field areas) and directly reflects thermal instability.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, S1 is followed by: preprocessing the loop parameters and magnet parameters; wherein the preprocessing operation includes normalization processing.

[0044] Data preprocessing (normalization): To incorporate the aforementioned physical quantities with different dimensions into a unified model, a range standardization method is used. MACROBUTTON MTPlaceRef \ MERGEFORMAT in, These are the real-time sampled values ​​from the sensor, namely the loop parameters and the magnet parameters. and for The lower and upper limits (or historical extreme values) of the allowable range under normal operating conditions. The processed X' is a dimensionless value, usually ranging from [0, 1].

[0045] The following normalized parameters are included in this application.

[0046] Normalization pressure Normalized rate of change of pressure Normalized temperature Normalized flow Normalized voltage Normalized measured magnetic field Normalized local temperature .

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the liquid hydrogen state score is used to characterize the hydrothermal stability of the liquid hydrogen cooling system, i.e., to quantify the operational risk of the liquid hydrogen cooling system. The liquid hydrogen state score is: in, Scoring the state of liquid hydrogen; As a weighting factor, it is recommended to assign the absolute value of the rate of change of pressure. and normalized hydrogen leakage concentration The higher weighting is because these are sensitive indicators of instability in liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting systems (hereinafter referred to as the system), specifically the absolute value of the pressure change rate. First-order feature; flow term uses This is because the lower the traffic (or normalized traffic), the higher the risk.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, the magnet state score is used to characterize the electromagnetic thermal stability of the superconducting magnet, that is, to quantify the quenching tendency of the superconducting magnet itself. The magnet state score is: It can be observed that the increase in voltage directly reflects the formation of the resistive region. Among these, Score the magnet's condition; These are weighting coefficients, with voltage typically having the largest weight. It is used to reflect the deviation between the normalized theoretical reference magnetic field and the normalized measured magnetic field (based on current calculation), and to capture abnormal changes in current distribution. This is the normalized theoretical reference magnetic field; This is the normalized measured magnetic field; The normalized local temperature rise is a direct thermal characteristic of quench loss.

[0049] In one exemplary embodiment, the coupling risk score is used to identify concurrent characteristics of liquid hydrogen cooling anomalies and magnet electromagnetic thermal disturbances, which are cross-system latent risks that traditional single monitoring architectures cannot detect.

[0050] This application includes at least the following three types of coupling terms. Based on the specific characteristics of the magnet and cooling system, the weights can be adjusted while maintaining the cross-product structure. The coupling risk score can be: in, For coupling risk scoring; This indicates that liquid hydrogen pressure oscillation and magnet voltage fluctuation occur simultaneously, which usually means that instability in the cooling system (such as gas resistance) has begun to affect the electrical stability of the magnet, and is a very early warning signal of quench failure. This indicates the synchronicity between the coolant temperature rise and the magnet temperature rise, confirming that the temperature rise is a global problem caused by insufficient cooling, rather than a local thermal disturbance; This indicates hydrogen leakage accompanied by a rise in magnet temperature, which may point to seal failure or thermal malfunction due to overheating. The types of coupling terms can be increased based on actual needs, but all must maintain the binary concurrent detection logic of "liquid hydrogen anomaly – magnet disturbance".

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment, the comprehensive risk index is: in, R It is a comprehensive risk index used to show how close the system is to the failure boundary; w 1, w 2, w 3 represents the system-level weight.

[0052] In one exemplary embodiment, S4 specifically includes the following steps.

[0053] Based on the comprehensive risk index, the operational status is quantitatively assessed to determine the warning type; the warning types include Level I response, Level II response, and Level III response; the conditions for Level I response are as follows: The conditions for the Level II response are: The conditions for the Level III response are: ;in, R This is a comprehensive risk index; The preset threshold for Level I response; The preset threshold for Level II response; The preset threshold for Level III response; , and It can be obtained based on experimental data / simulation data / experience.

[0054] When the warning type is Level I response, flow regulation and excitation lockout are performed.

[0055] When the warning type is Level II response, controlled flow reduction and hydrogen emission stabilization are implemented.

[0056] When the warning type is Level III response, energy transfer, emergency hydrogen evacuation, and power cut-off are performed.

[0057] In practical applications, based on the calculated comprehensive risk index The system automatically executes the following hierarchical linkage protection strategies, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0058] Level I Response: Early Warning ( ).

[0059] Scenario: Slight fluctuations in liquid hydrogen pressure, or minor noise in the magnet voltage, affecting coupling terms. Approaching zero.

[0060] The actions include flow regulation and excitation lockout.

[0061] Flow regulation: Automatically increases the speed of the liquid hydrogen circulation pump to increase the flow rate. This refers to the cooling flow rate, which suppresses fluid instability.

[0062] Excitation lockout: Pause the current increase operation, maintain the current, and observe whether the state stabilizes.

[0063] Level II Response: Interlocking Control ).

[0064] Scenario: When obvious coupling characteristics are detected, and when rapid pressure swings are accompanied by short-term voltage fluctuations, this system can determine that cooling degradation has significantly affected the electrical stability of the magnet, which is a typical pre-quench coupling event.

[0065] The actions include controlled flow reduction and hydrogen exhaust stabilization.

[0066] Controlled current reduction: Reduce the magnet's operating current at a preset safe rate (e.g., 10 A / s) to reduce Joule heating and attempt to restore the magnet to a superconducting state.

[0067] Hydrogen venting and pressure stabilization: Open the pilot-operated hydrogen venting valve to vent at a low flow rate to prevent pressure buildup in the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0068] Level III Response: Emergency Response ).

[0069] Scenario: The system faces the risk of losing control if the voltage or temperature exceeds the limit significantly, or if a serious hydrogen leak is detected.

[0070] The actions include energy transfer, emergency hydrogen evacuation, and power cut-off.

[0071] Energy transfer: Triggering the main circuit breaker to rapidly transfer the energy of the magnet to the external resistor.

[0072] Emergency hydrogen venting: Open the large-diameter emergency relief valve to quickly vent liquid hydrogen / hydrogen gas to the flare system or safe discharge area to prevent overpressure explosion.

[0073] Disconnect the power supply: Disconnect the power supply to all non-intrinsically safe devices.

[0074] This application, through the aforementioned graded linkage protection strategy, can capture the tiny electromagnetic response of the magnet in the early stages of the decline in liquid hydrogen cooling capacity, and achieve early warning by utilizing the logical connection between the two, thus avoiding the lag problem of traditional single voltage detection.

[0075] like Figure 3 As shown, this application utilizes sensors in the liquid hydrogen cooling system and the superconducting magnet system to collect loop parameters and magnet parameters in real time. Through data preprocessing and feature extraction, it calculates the liquid hydrogen state score, coupling risk score, and magnet state score. Based on a multimodal risk index fusion assessment model, it introduces the linkage between liquid hydrogen side pressure anomalies and magnet quenching signals, i.e., a comprehensive risk index. This allows for early risk identification before the quench voltage signal fully manifests, providing the system with an earlier warning window than traditional methods. The multimodal risk index fusion assessment model ensures that each signal is no longer interpreted independently but analyzed within the overall context, thus enhancing the system's robustness and noise resistance. Furthermore, this application is the first to model and assess liquid hydrogen pressure fluctuations, hydrogen leakage signals, decreased heat transfer capacity, and the superconducting magnet quench process as a whole, enabling the system to consider cooling anomalies as "precursor factors" of impending quench, thereby significantly improving system safety.

[0076] By adopting a finite action sequence, i.e. a hierarchical linkage protection strategy, this application transforms complex linkage protection actions into a structurally stable state machine mode, so that the protection behavior is not chaotic or conflicting, and can achieve progressive protection: starting with mild adjustment, gradually transitioning to mandatory protection, and finally covering all possible extreme situations.

[0077] The multimodal risk index fusion assessment model of this application can make full use of the strong coupling characteristics between the liquid hydrogen cooling system and the superconducting magnet system, so that the safety protection is transformed from "magnet-only protection" to "liquid hydrogen-magnet integrated protection", which significantly reduces the system-level risk of the liquid hydrogen cooling superconducting system.

[0078] like Figure 4 As shown, this application provides a high-temperature superconducting magnet collaborative protection system based on liquid hydrogen cooling, which includes the following modules.

[0079] The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the loop parameters of the liquid hydrogen cooling system and the magnet parameters of the superconducting magnet system in real time. The loop parameters include the pressure, temperature, flow rate, and hydrogen leakage concentration of the liquid hydrogen cooling loop. The magnet parameters include the voltage, magnetic field, and local temperature of the superconducting magnet.

[0080] The risk scoring determination module is used to determine a risk score based on the loop parameters and magnet parameters. The risk score includes a liquid hydrogen state score, a magnet state score, and a coupling risk score. The liquid hydrogen state score is used to characterize the fluid thermodynamic stability of the liquid hydrogen cooling system. The magnet state score is used to characterize the electromagnetic thermal stability of the superconducting magnet. The coupling risk score is used to identify the concurrent characteristics of liquid hydrogen cooling anomalies and magnet electromagnetic thermal disturbances.

[0081] The comprehensive risk index determination module is used to input the risk score into the multimodal risk index fusion evaluation model to identify the system-level correlation between liquid hydrogen pressure anomaly, cooling capacity reduction and magnet quench precursor, and determine the comprehensive risk index; the multimodal risk index fusion evaluation model includes a liquid hydrogen state sub-scoring model, a magnet state sub-scoring model and a coupled risk sub-scoring model.

[0082] The linkage logic module is used to quantitatively evaluate the operating status based on the comprehensive risk index and execute a hierarchical linkage protection strategy through a finite state machine. The hierarchical linkage protection strategy includes flow regulation, excitation locking, controlled flow reduction, hydrogen discharge and voltage stabilization, energy transfer, emergency hydrogen discharge, and power cut-off.

[0083] like Figure 4 As shown, the liquid hydrogen cooling system includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the superconducting magnet system includes a superconducting coil and a frame. A sensor network is deployed around the liquid hydrogen cooling system and the superconducting magnet system, including voltage sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, Hall effect sensors, hydrogen leak probes, and flow meters. In addition, it includes some necessary components to constitute the liquid hydrogen-cooled high-temperature superconducting magnet collaborative protection system of this application, such as: a circulating pump, valves, a power supply, and a circuit breaker.

[0084] In one exemplary embodiment, the comprehensive risk index is: in, R It is a comprehensive risk index used to show how close the system is to the failure boundary; w 1, w 2, w 3 represents the system-level weight; Score the magnet's condition; Scoring the state of liquid hydrogen; For coupling risk scoring.

[0085] In one exemplary embodiment, the linkage logic module includes the following units.

[0086] The early warning type determination unit is used to quantitatively assess the operational status based on the comprehensive risk index and determine the early warning type; the early warning types include Level I response, Level II response, and Level III response; the conditions for Level I response are as follows: The conditions for the Level II response are: The conditions for the Level III response are: ;in, R This is a comprehensive risk index; The preset threshold for Level I response; The preset threshold for Level II response; The preset threshold for Level III response.

[0087] The forward warning unit is used to perform flow regulation and excitation locking when the warning type is Level I response.

[0088] The linkage control unit is used to perform controlled flow reduction and hydrogen discharge pressure stabilization when the warning type is Level II response.

[0089] The emergency response unit is used to perform energy transfer, emergency hydrogen evacuation, and power cut-off when the warning type is Level III response.

[0090] A search revealed several related patents, with similar patents listed below.

[0091] Chinese Invention Patent Application No.: CN202510712676, Patent Title: A Liquid Hydrogen Superconducting Energy Storage Configuration System and Method Considering Multimodal Safe Operation.

[0092] This patent discloses a configuration system and method for a liquid hydrogen superconducting energy storage system, which includes components such as a superconducting energy storage application scenario requirement module, a superconducting tape performance parameter module, and a superconducting magnet structure economic configuration optimization module. The core of this technical solution lies in the system design and configuration stage. It establishes an "electromagnetic-thermal" multiphysics simulation model to calculate AC losses and liquid hydrogen temperature rise characteristics under multimodal operating conditions (such as voltage sag compensation and voltage swell suppression). Based on this, the patent constructs a "dynamic safe operating area" based on the maximum allowable temperature and uses a genetic algorithm to collaboratively optimize structural parameters such as the magnet's winding inner diameter and number of turns to minimize the amount of superconducting tape used and achieve economical configuration.

[0093] The difference between this application and the previous one is that the patent is essentially an offline design and parameter optimization method. It focuses on determining the optimal physical structure and theoretical safety boundaries of the magnet through simulation before manufacturing to ensure the safety and economy of the system under design conditions. In contrast, this application focuses on real-time monitoring and active protection during the online operation phase of the system. This application does not involve the optimized design of magnet structural parameters, but rather addresses the linkage protection problem between sudden cooling anomalies and magnet quenching during actual operation by real-time acquisition of the liquid hydrogen system's thermal fluid parameters (pressure, flow rate, leakage) and the magnet's electromagnetic parameters. This is something not covered by the aforementioned configuration-related patents.

[0094] This application aims to address the disconnect between the liquid hydrogen cooling state and the electromagnetic and thermal state of the magnet in existing monitoring methods. By constructing a multimodal risk index fusion assessment model, it achieves real-time quantitative assessment of the system's overall risk. Specifically, a sensor network is used to synchronously collect data in real time on the pressure, temperature, flow rate, and hydrogen leakage concentration of the liquid hydrogen cooling loop, as well as the voltage, magnetic field, and local temperature of the superconducting magnet. To eliminate the influence of different physical dimensions, all data are first normalized.

[0095] Subsequently, this application constructs a multimodal risk index fusion assessment model by establishing three core scoring dimensions.

[0096] Liquid hydrogen state score ( ): Characterizes the fluid thermodynamic stability of a cooling system.

[0097] Magnet condition rating ( ): Characterizes the electromagnetic and thermal stability of a magnet.

[0098] Coupling risk score ( This is the core of this application, used to capture the concurrent characteristics of "cooling anomalies" and "electromagnetic disturbances" to identify potential system-level risks.

[0099] Finally, the comprehensive risk index is obtained through weighted calculation. Based on this quantitative indicator, the system implements hierarchical linkage protection through a finite state machine, including strategies such as flow regulation, excitation locking, controlled current reduction, hydrogen discharge and voltage stabilization, energy transfer, emergency hydrogen discharge, and power cut-off. This enables the system to keenly detect early signs of quenching caused by deterioration of the cooling environment before the voltage or temperature reaches the traditional shutdown threshold, thus achieving proactive safety protection.

[0100] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0101] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method for the coordinated protection of high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling, characterized in that, include: The loop parameters of the liquid hydrogen cooling system and the magnet parameters of the superconducting magnet system are collected in real time. The loop parameters include the pressure, temperature, flow rate, and hydrogen leakage concentration of the liquid hydrogen cooling loop. The magnet parameters include the voltage, magnetic field, and local temperature of the superconducting magnet. Based on the loop parameters and magnet parameters, a risk score is determined; the risk score includes a liquid hydrogen state score, a magnet state score, and a coupling risk score; the liquid hydrogen state score is used to characterize the fluid thermodynamic stability of the liquid hydrogen cooling system; the magnet state score is used to characterize the electromagnetic thermal stability of the superconducting magnet; the coupling risk score is used to identify the concurrent characteristics of liquid hydrogen cooling anomalies and magnet electromagnetic thermal disturbances. The risk score is input into a multimodal risk index fusion assessment model to identify the system-level correlation between liquid hydrogen pressure anomalies, cooling capacity reduction, and magnet quench precursors, and to determine the comprehensive risk index; the multimodal risk index fusion assessment model includes a liquid hydrogen state scoring sub-model, a magnet state scoring sub-model, and a coupled risk scoring sub-model; Based on the comprehensive risk index, the operating status is quantitatively assessed, and a hierarchical linkage protection strategy is executed through a finite state machine. The hierarchical linkage protection strategy includes flow regulation, excitation lockout, controlled flow reduction, hydrogen discharge and voltage stabilization, energy transfer, emergency hydrogen discharge, and power cut-off.

2. The method for coordinated protection of high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen state score is: in, Scoring the state of liquid hydrogen; For normalization pressure; These are the weighting coefficients; The rate of change of pressure, This represents the normalized rate of change of pressure. Normalized temperature; Normalized flow; This represents the normalized hydrogen leakage concentration.

3. The method for coordinated protection of high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnet condition score is as follows: in, Score the magnet's condition; These are the weighting coefficients; Normalized voltage; Used to reflect the deviation between the normalized theoretical reference magnetic field and the normalized measured magnetic field; This is the normalized theoretical reference magnetic field; This is the normalized measured magnetic field; This is a normalized local temperature rise.

4. The method for coordinated protection of high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling risk score is: in, For coupling risk scoring; This indicates that the liquid hydrogen pressure oscillation and the magnet voltage fluctuation occur simultaneously; The rate of change of pressure, This represents the normalized rate of change of pressure. Normalized voltage; This indicates the synchronicity between the temperature rise of the coolant and the temperature rise of the magnet; Normalized temperature; To normalize the local temperature rise; This indicates hydrogen leakage accompanied by a rise in magnet temperature, suggesting a seal failure or thermal malfunction caused by overheating. Normalized hydrogen leakage concentration; These are the weighting coefficients.

5. The method for coordinated protection of high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comprehensive risk index is: in, R This is a comprehensive risk index used to demonstrate how close a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting system is to the fault boundary. The liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting system includes a liquid hydrogen cooling system and a superconducting magnet system. w 1, w 2, w 3 represents the system-level weight; Score the magnet's condition; Scoring the state of liquid hydrogen; For coupling risk scoring.

6. The method for coordinated protection of high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the comprehensive risk index, the operating status is quantitatively assessed, and a hierarchical linkage protection strategy is executed through a finite state machine, specifically including: Based on the comprehensive risk index, the operational status is quantitatively assessed to determine the warning type; the warning types include Level I response, Level II response, and Level III response; the conditions for Level I response are as follows: The conditions for the Level II response are: The conditions for the Level III response are: ;in, R This is a comprehensive risk index; The preset threshold for Level I response; The preset threshold for Level II response; The preset threshold for Level III response; When the warning type is Level I response, flow regulation and excitation lockout are performed. When the warning type is Level II response, controlled flow reduction and hydrogen emission stabilization are implemented. When the warning type is Level III response, energy transfer, emergency hydrogen evacuation, and power cut-off are performed.

7. The method for coordinated protection of high-temperature superconducting magnets based on liquid hydrogen cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, Real-time acquisition of loop parameters of the liquid hydrogen cooling system and magnet parameters of the superconducting magnet system, followed by: The circuit parameters and magnet parameters are normalized.

8. A high-temperature superconducting magnet synergistic protection system based on liquid hydrogen cooling, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen-cooled high-temperature superconducting magnet collaborative protection system implements the liquid hydrogen-cooled high-temperature superconducting magnet collaborative protection method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the liquid hydrogen-cooled high-temperature superconducting magnet collaborative protection system comprises: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the loop parameters of the liquid hydrogen cooling system and the magnet parameters of the superconducting magnet system in real time. The loop parameters include the pressure, temperature, flow rate, and hydrogen leakage concentration of the liquid hydrogen cooling loop. The magnet parameters include the voltage, magnetic field, and local temperature of the superconducting magnet. A risk scoring determination module is used to determine a risk score based on the loop parameters and magnet parameters. The risk score includes a liquid hydrogen state score, a magnet state score, and a coupling risk score. The liquid hydrogen state score is used to characterize the fluid thermodynamic stability of the liquid hydrogen cooling system. The magnet state score is used to characterize the electromagnetic thermal stability of the superconducting magnet. The coupling risk score is used to identify the concurrent characteristics of liquid hydrogen cooling anomalies and magnet electromagnetic thermal disturbances. The comprehensive risk index determination module is used to input the risk score into the multimodal risk index fusion evaluation model to identify the system-level correlation between liquid hydrogen pressure anomaly, cooling capacity reduction and magnet quench precursor, and determine the comprehensive risk index; the multimodal risk index fusion evaluation model includes a liquid hydrogen state sub-scoring model, a magnet state sub-scoring model and a coupled risk sub-scoring model; The linkage logic module is used to quantitatively evaluate the operating status based on the comprehensive risk index and execute a hierarchical linkage protection strategy through a finite state machine. The hierarchical linkage protection strategy includes flow regulation, excitation locking, controlled flow reduction, hydrogen discharge and voltage stabilization, energy transfer, emergency hydrogen discharge, and power cut-off.

9. The high-temperature superconducting magnet synergistic protection system based on liquid hydrogen cooling according to claim 8, characterized in that, The comprehensive risk index is: in, R It is a comprehensive risk index used to show how close the system is to the failure boundary; w 1, w 2, w 3 represents the system-level weight; Score the magnet's condition; Scoring the state of liquid hydrogen; For coupling risk scoring.

10. The high-temperature superconducting magnet synergistic protection system based on liquid hydrogen cooling according to claim 8, characterized in that, The linkage logic module includes: The early warning type determination unit is used to quantitatively assess the operational status based on the comprehensive risk index and determine the early warning type; the early warning types include Level I response, Level II response, and Level III response; the conditions for Level I response are as follows: The conditions for the Level II response are: The conditions for the Level III response are: ;in, R This is a comprehensive risk index; The preset threshold for Level I response; The preset threshold for Level II response; The preset threshold for Level III response; The forward warning unit is used to perform flow regulation and excitation locking when the warning type is Level I response; The linkage control unit is used to perform controlled flow reduction and hydrogen discharge pressure stabilization when the warning type is Level II response; The emergency response unit is used to perform energy transfer, emergency hydrogen evacuation, and power cut-off when the warning type is Level III response.

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