Ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system integrated water management system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated water management system and method for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system, belonging to the field of new energy vehicle technology. The system includes an air supply circuit, a water management circuit, a cooling circuit, a fuel supply circuit, and an exhaust circuit. Through pipelines and valves, the system achieves the recovery, purification, and storage of water generated by the fuel cell. Depending on operating conditions, the water is used for fuel cell intake humidification or in-cylinder water injection to reduce emissions. The cooling circuit utilizes the heat absorption from liquid ammonia vaporization to provide a cold source for dehumidifying the fuel cell cathode exhaust gas and simultaneously cooling the engine intake air, achieving coordinated management of water and heat and energy recovery. The control method uses the water tank level and vehicle power requirements as inputs, classifying three operating modes: pure engine, pure fuel cell, and hybrid power. It dynamically formulates a water resource priority allocation strategy based on water level, ultimately generating an integrated water-heat coupling control strategy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy vehicle technology, specifically relating to an integrated water management system and method for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system. Background Technology

[0002] In the transportation sector, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered a future energy solution due to their high efficiency and zero carbon emissions, while ammonia-hydrogen fusion engines using zero-carbon fuels are also gaining significant attention. Coupled together to form a hybrid power system, energy complementarity and heat recovery can be achieved under various operating conditions.

[0003] However, significant water management coupling issues exist in ammonia-hydrogen hybrid power systems. For fuel cells, the power output process generates a large amount of water vapor. Improper water management can lead to localized drying or flooding of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), affecting stack life and output performance. On one hand, in existing hydrogen fuel cell water management schemes, only a portion of the water generated by the hydrogen fuel cell reaction is used for its own humidification, resulting in low recycling rates. Most of the "high-grade" water is discharged as wastewater, leading to water waste. On the other hand, the cold source required for condensing water vapor in the hydrogen fuel cell cathode gas needs to be provided separately, resulting in energy waste. For ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel engines, water-blended combustion is an effective means of suppressing in-cylinder nitrogen oxide (NOx) generation. Existing ammonia-hydrogen engine water management schemes rely on EGR condensation or external replenishment, failing to provide a stable and reliable water source. Recycling the water generated by the fuel cell can achieve internal water resource recycling, freeing the entire system from dependence on external water sources.

[0004] In summary, existing research often designs water management and dehumidification systems for fuel cells and engines independently, lacking a system-level water-thermal synergistic control mechanism. This leads to problems such as heavy reliance on external water sources, low water resource recycling rates, and high energy consumption for water management. Furthermore, traditional water management controls tend to focus on individual systems, lacking an integrated control method that coordinates the overall energy and material flow of the system. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated water management system and its control method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell-ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel engine hybrid power systems to improve system energy efficiency, achieve closed-loop water resource utilization, and address multiple objectives such as demisting and humidification. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of independent water management, low water resource recycling rate, reliance on external water sources, and high energy consumption in existing ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid systems, this invention provides an integrated water management system and method for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system. By recycling water generated from the fuel cell reaction and storing and distributing it in a water tank, a stable water source is provided for fuel cell humidification and engine water injection emission reduction. The heat absorption of liquid ammonia vaporization provides a cold source for dehumidifying the fuel cell cathode exhaust gas and cooling the engine intake air, while simultaneously realizing heat recovery for liquid ammonia vaporization.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] As a first aspect of the present invention, an integrated water management system for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system is provided, including an air supply circuit, a water management circuit, a cooling circuit, a fuel supply circuit, and an exhaust circuit.

[0008] The air supply circuit provides humidified air to the hydrogen fuel cell and mixes and cools the gas generated at the hydrogen fuel cell cathode with the exhaust gas from the ammonia-hydrogen engine, providing the ammonia-hydrogen engine with an intake mixture containing EGR.

[0009] The water management circuit supplies water to the humidifier in the air supply circuit via a water tank, and also sprays water to the ammonia-hydrogen engine;

[0010] The cooling circuit dehumidifies the exhaust gas from the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell and cools the intake air of the ammonia-hydrogen engine. It also utilizes the cooling working fluid to recycle the heat, thereby providing a heat source for the vaporization of liquid ammonia in the fuel supply circuit.

[0011] The fuel supply circuit vaporizes and cracks liquid ammonia to provide fuel for the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0012] The exhaust circuit is coupled to the air supply circuit through the EGR pipeline to after-treat the engine exhaust gas and achieve exhaust gas recirculation.

[0013] Furthermore, the air supply circuit includes an air compressor, a humidifier, a heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator, a mixer, and an intake precooler. Air enters the air compressor and then passes through the humidifier to supply humidified air to the hydrogen fuel cell. The gas generated at the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell is divided into two gas paths. The first gas path passes through the heat exchanger and then enters the gas-liquid separator, while the second gas path directly enters the gas-liquid separator. The gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator enters the mixer. The exhaust gas from the ammonia-hydrogen engine enters the mixer through the EGR pipeline, and the supplementary air also enters the mixer. The gas mixed in the mixer is cooled by the intake precooler before entering the intake pipeline of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0014] The water management circuit includes the water tank and a No. 1 water pump; liquid water discharged from the gas-liquid separator enters the water tank; the water in the water tank supplies the humidifier of the air supply circuit and / or supplies water to the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0015] The cooling circuit includes a No. 3 water pump, an ammonia vaporizer, a heat exchanger, and an intake precooler. The cooling circuit is coupled to the air supply circuit through the heat exchanger and the intake precooler, and to the fuel supply circuit through the ammonia vaporizer. The No. 3 water pump provides circulating power for the cooling medium. The cooling medium liquid path is divided into three parallel routes: the first is a short-circuit route; the second is the heat exchanger route, which dehumidifies the tail gas from the hydrogen fuel cell cathode; and the third is the intake precooler route, which cools the intake air of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0016] The fuel supply circuit includes a liquid ammonia tank, a liquid ammonia pump, an ammonia vaporizer, and an ammonia-hydrogen engine fuel supply system. Liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank is pumped out by the liquid ammonia pump and enters the ammonia vaporizer to become gaseous ammonia. The gaseous ammonia is cracked and mixed in the ammonia-hydrogen engine fuel supply system and finally supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine for combustion.

[0017] The exhaust circuit includes an aftertreatment device; a portion of the exhaust gas from the ammonia-hydrogen engine enters the EGR pipeline of the air supply circuit, and the remaining gas is treated by the aftertreatment device before being discharged into the atmosphere.

[0018] Furthermore, the air supply circuit also includes a first air filter, a pressure regulating chamber, a first humidity sensor, a first three-way valve, a back pressure valve, a second three-way valve, a second air filter, a first mixing valve, a second mixing valve, a first temperature sensor, a demister, a neutralization tank, a third humidity sensor, a throttle valve, and a three-way valve. The EGR pipeline consists of an EGR valve, an EGR cooler, and a second temperature sensor. Air passes through the first air filter to remove impurities, then enters the air compressor, and then passes through a humidifier to supply humidified air to the hydrogen fuel cell. During operation, the gas generated at the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell passes through the pressure regulating chamber to buffer pressure fluctuations, and the humidity is measured by the first humidity sensor. The gas is then divided into two paths by the first three-way valve. The first path passes through a heat exchanger, while the second path does not. The two paths then converge in a gas-liquid separator. The gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator's outlet passes through the back pressure valve and enters the inlet of the No. 2 three-way valve. Part of the gas then flows from one outlet of the No. 2 three-way valve into the No. 2 mixing valve, and then into the mixer. Excess gas is discharged from the other outlet of the No. 2 three-way valve. The exhaust gas from the ammonia-hydrogen engine first passes through the three-way valve, then through the EGR valve to control the EGR flow, and then into the EGR cooler. The cooled EGR gas, after being temperature-measured by the No. 2 temperature sensor, flows into the mixer. The supplementary air passes through the No. 2 air filter and then through the No. 1 mixing valve to control the supplementary flow, before merging with the gas from the outlet of the No. 2 mixing valve in the mixer. The mixed gas in the mixer is cooled by the intake pre-cooler, and the intake temperature is measured by the No. 1 temperature sensor. It then passes through the demister to remove liquid, which enters the neutralization tank for acid removal. The gas, after its humidity is measured by the No. 3 humidity sensor, enters the ammonia-hydrogen engine's intake pipe through the throttle valve.

[0019] Furthermore, the water management circuit also includes a condensate filter, a drain check valve, a water level sensor, a first electric heater, a solenoid valve, a second water pump, a common water supply rail, a spray nozzle, a second humidity sensor, and a nitrogen oxide sensor. The condensate filter is connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator in the air supply circuit via a pipeline. The water tank is connected to the condensate filter via a pipeline. The water tank outlet is divided into three water paths: the first water path connects to the humidifier in the air supply circuit via the first water pump and the solenoid valve; the second water path connects to the cylinder head of the ammonia-hydrogen engine via the second water pump, the common water supply rail, and the spray nozzle; and the third water path discharges through the drain check valve. The water level sensor is used to detect the water level in the water tank. The first electric heater is installed inside the water tank. The second humidity sensor is used to detect the water content in the humidifier. The nitrogen oxide sensor is used to detect the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust gas of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0020] Furthermore, the cooling circuit also includes a No. 2 electric heater, a No. 3 three-way valve, and a No. 4 three-way valve; the No. 3 water pump, the No. 2 electric heater, the ammonia vaporizer, and the No. 3 three-way valve are connected in sequence through pipelines; the outlet of the No. 3 three-way valve is divided into three parallel branches: a short-circuit branch, a branch through the No. 4 three-way valve and the heat exchanger, and a branch through the inlet precooler. After the branches merge, they return to the No. 3 water pump to form a circulation.

[0021] Furthermore, the fuel supply circuit also includes a switching valve and an electronic expansion valve; the liquid ammonia tank, switching valve, liquid ammonia pump, electronic expansion valve, and ammonia vaporizer are connected in sequence through pipelines, and finally connected to the intake manifold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0022] As a second aspect of the present invention, an integrated water management method for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system is provided, which is implemented through the integrated water management system for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system described in the present invention; including the following steps:

[0023] S1. Determine the powertrain operating mode based on a comparison between the vehicle's total power demand and a preset threshold value:

[0024] Set power threshold and ,in When the total power demand is When using the pure ammonia-hydrogen engine mode, enter S2 to execute engine drive mode water management control; when power demand is high... When the pure fuel cell mode is used, the system enters S3 to execute fuel cell drive mode water management control; when the power demand is high... When the hybrid mode is used, enter S4 to execute the hybrid drive mode water management control;

[0025] S2. Based on the operating mode of the power system and the current water level in the water tank, perform water management control in the engine drive mode, output the water management control strategy, and then execute S5; the control logic for water management control in the engine drive mode is as follows:

[0026] The air supply circuit supplies air to the engine intake; the water management circuit adjusts its function according to the water level in the water tank: water level in the water tank. Water conservation and water storage at low water level thresholds; water tank level When the water level is at the high threshold, the engine is sprayed with water and drained as needed; when the water level in the water tank is between the low and high thresholds, the engine is sprayed with water as needed; the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature and provide heat to the ammonia carburetor; the fuel supply circuit provides ammonia and hydrogen for engine combustion; the exhaust circuit discharges the treated engine exhaust gas.

[0027] S3. Based on the operating mode of the power system and the current water level in the tank, perform water management control in the fuel cell drive mode, output the water management control strategy, and then execute S5; the control logic for water management control in the fuel cell drive mode is as follows:

[0028] The air supply circuit supplies air to the fuel cell to meet its reaction requirements; the water management circuit adjusts according to changes in the water level in the tank: water level in the tank... When the water level threshold is low, the water-saving water storage ensures humidification for the humidifier, and the water tank level... When the water level threshold is high, the humidifier is supplied with water and drained as needed. When the water level in the tank is between the low and high water level thresholds, the humidifier is kept replenished with water. The cooling circuit is used for dehumidification of the cathode gas in the fuel cell.

[0029] S4. Combining the operating mode of the power system and the current water level in the tank, perform water management control in the hybrid drive mode, output the water management control strategy, and then execute S5; the control logic of water management control in the hybrid drive mode is as follows:

[0030] When the water level in the water tank At low water level thresholds, the air supply circuit is responsible for recovering water through the gas-liquid separator, the water management circuit controls whether water is supplied to the humidifier, and the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature, dehumidify the fuel cell cathode gas, and provide heat for ammonia decomposition; when the water tank level... At the high water level threshold, the air supply circuit provides the air required for the reaction of the fuel cell and engine, the water management circuit is responsible for water drainage, and the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature and provide heat for ammonia decomposition. When the water level in the tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold, the air supply circuit is responsible for the distribution of air and water, the water management circuit supplies water as needed, the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature, dehumidify the fuel cell cathode gas, and provide heat for ammonia decomposition, the fuel supply circuit provides the ammonia and hydrogen required for engine combustion, and the exhaust circuit is used to discharge the treated exhaust gas.

[0031] S5. After the water management control strategy is output, a cooling loop control strategy is generated, and a complete water-heat coupling control strategy is output.

[0032] Furthermore, in S2:

[0033] When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is low, the water management circuit stops spraying water to the ammonia-hydrogen engine; the cooling circuit selects the cooling fluid path according to the intake air temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0034] When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is high, if the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust of the ammonia-hydrogen engine is greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold, the engine will be sprayed with water first; otherwise, water will be drained first. The cooling circuit will select the cooling fluid path according to the intake air temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0035] When the water level in the water tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold, if the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust of the ammonia-hydrogen engine is greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold, water will be sprayed into the engine; the cooling circuit selects the cooling fluid path according to the intake air temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0036] Furthermore, in S3:

[0037] When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is low, priority is selected based on the humidifier's water content: if the humidifier's water content is less than the low water content threshold, the humidifier is supplied first; if the humidifier's water content is between the high and low water content thresholds, the water tank is stored first.

[0038] When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is high, the priority is selected based on the humidifier's water content: if the humidifier's water content is less than the low water content threshold, the humidifier is supplied first; if the humidifier's water content is between the high and low water content thresholds, the humidifier is drained first.

[0039] When the water level in the tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold, if the water content in the humidifier is less than the low water content threshold, the water in the tank will be supplied to the humidifier.

[0040] Furthermore, in S4:

[0041] When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is low, priority is selected based on the humidifier's water content: if the humidifier's water content is less than the low water content threshold, the humidifier is supplied first; if the humidifier's water content is between the high and low water content thresholds, the water tank is stored first.

[0042] When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is high, priority is selected based on the humidifier's water content: if the humidifier's water content is less than the low water content threshold, water is supplied to the humidifier first; if the humidifier's water content is between the high and low water content thresholds, but the nitrogen oxide concentration in the engine exhaust is greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold, water is sprayed from the engine first; if the humidifier's water content is between the high and low water content thresholds, and the nitrogen oxide concentration in the engine exhaust is not greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold, water is drained first.

[0043] When the water level in the tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold: if the water content of the hydrogen fuel cell cathode gas meets the intake requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen engine, then humid air is directly introduced into the ammonia-hydrogen engine without additional water injection; if the water content of the hydrogen fuel cell cathode gas does not meet the intake requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen engine, then the water required for the intake of the ammonia-hydrogen engine is provided by the water tank; if the water content of the humidifier is less than the low water content threshold, then the water tank replenishes water for the humidifier.

[0044] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0045] 1. Achieve closed-loop water circulation and resource self-balancing throughout the entire system:

[0046] This invention uses the water tank level as the core state variable and, through real-time adjustment of the power distribution between the fuel cell and the ammonia-hydrogen engine, coordinates and controls execution units such as condensate recovery, intake humidification, and engine water injection to construct a closed-loop "generation-recovery-reuse" system for water. The system can dynamically allocate water resources according to operating conditions, achieving self-sufficiency and regeneration of water in mobile operating conditions such as on-board units. This significantly reduces dependence on external water replenishment and improves operational adaptability and economy under drought or extreme climatic conditions.

[0047] 2. Establish a multi-objective collaborative control mechanism:

[0048] This invention uses multi-sensor fusion to perceive the system status and automatically switches control modes according to different operating conditions. It also coordinates conflicting objectives such as humidification, emission reduction, and cooling through a hierarchical weighting mechanism. This method prioritizes ensuring stable humidity at the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and then dynamically adjusts engine water injection based on nitrogen oxide emission levels. This achieves an adaptive balance between water conservation and emission control, significantly improving the overall stability and energy efficiency of the system.

[0049] 3. Achieve synergistic effects between ammonia fuel gasification and hydrothermal recovery:

[0050] This invention thermally couples the endothermic vaporization process of liquid ammonia with the dehumidification process of fuel cell cathode exhaust gas, utilizing the cooling energy of liquid ammonia vaporization to cool and dehumidify the wet exhaust gas, achieving dual utilization of energy and water resources. This design not only improves the efficiency of hydrothermal management but also provides a stable supply of gaseous ammonia fuel to the engine, realizing a deep integration and synergistic effect between water and energy management. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated water management system of the ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2This is a schematic flowchart of the overall control method of the integrated water management system of the ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the water management control process for the engine drive mode described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the water management control process in the fuel cell drive mode described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the water management control process in the hybrid drive mode described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the cooling circuit control described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0057] In the picture:

[0058] 1-Air Filter No. 1; 2-Air Compressor; 3-Humidifier; 4-Humidity Sensor No. 2; 5-Hydrogen Fuel Cell; 6-Pressure Stabilizing Chamber; 7-Humidity Sensor No. 1; 8-Three-Way Valve No. 1; 9-Heat Exchanger; 10-Gas-Liquid Separator; 11-Back Pressure Valve; 12-Three-Way Valve No. 2; 13-Air Filter No. 2; 14-Mixing Valve No. 1; 15-Mixing Valve No. 2; 16-Mixer; 17-Intake Precooler; 18-Temperature Sensor No. 1; 19-Defogger; 20-Neutralization Tank; 21-Humidity Sensor No. 3; 22-Throttle Valve; 23-Ammonia-Hydrogen Engine; 24-Three-Way Valve; 25-EGR Valve; 26-EG R-Cooler; 27-Temperature Sensor No. 2; 28-Condensate Filter; 29-Water Tank; 30-Drain Check Valve; 31-Water Level Sensor; 32-Water Temperature Sensor; 33-Electric Heater No. 1; 34-Water Pump No. 1; 35-Solenoid Valve; 36-Water Pump No. 2; 37-Common Water Supply Rail; 38-Water Injector; 39-Nitrogen Oxygen Sensor; 40-Water Pump No. 3; 41-Electric Heater No. 2; 42-Ammonia Vaporizer; 43-Three-Way Valve No. 3; 44-Three-Way Valve No. 4; 45-Liquid Ammonia Tank; 46-Switch Valve; 47-Liquid Ammonia Pump; 48-Electronic Expansion Valve; 49-Ammonia-Hydrogen Engine Fuel Supply System; 50-Aftertreatment Device. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0060] Example 1:

[0061] This embodiment describes an integrated water management system for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system, such as... Figure 1As shown, it includes an air supply circuit, a water management circuit, a cooling circuit, a fuel supply circuit, and an exhaust circuit.

[0062] The air supply circuit provides humidified air to the hydrogen fuel cell 5 and mixes and cools the gas generated at the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell 5 with the exhaust gas of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23, providing the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 with an intake mixture containing EGR.

[0063] The water management circuit supplies water to the humidifier 3 in the air supply circuit through the water tank 29, and sprays water to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23;

[0064] The cooling circuit dehumidifies the tail gas from the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell 5 and cools the intake air of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23. It also uses the cooling working fluid to recycle the heat, thereby providing a heat source for the vaporization of liquid ammonia in the fuel supply circuit.

[0065] The fuel supply circuit vaporizes and cracks liquid ammonia to provide fuel for the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23.

[0066] The exhaust circuit is coupled to the air supply circuit through the EGR pipeline to after-treat the engine exhaust gas and achieve exhaust gas recirculation.

[0067] Specifically, in this embodiment, the air supply circuit includes: a first air filter 1, an air compressor 2, a humidifier 3, a pressure regulating chamber 6, a first humidity sensor 7, a first three-way valve 8, a heat exchanger 9, a gas-liquid separator 10, a back pressure valve 11, a second three-way valve 12, a second air filter 13, a first mixing valve 14, a second mixing valve 15, a mixer 16, an intake precooler 17, a first temperature sensor 18, a demister 19, a neutralization tank 20, a third humidity sensor 21, a throttle valve 22, a three-way valve 24, an EGR valve 25, an EGR cooler 26, and a second temperature sensor 27; the air supply circuit is coupled to the cooling circuit via the heat exchanger 9 and the intake precooler 17; the first air filter 1, the air compressor 2, and the humidifier 3 are sequentially connected to and connected to the hydrogen fuel cell 5 via pipelines; the hydrogen fuel cell... The cathode of pool 5 is connected to the pressure stabilizing chamber 6 and the first three-way valve 8 via pipelines. The outlet of the first three-way valve 8 is divided into two gas paths. The first gas path is connected to the gas-liquid separator 10 via the heat exchanger 9, and the other gas path is directly connected to the gas-liquid separator 10. The gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 10, the back pressure valve 11, the second three-way valve 12, and the second mixing valve 15 are connected to the mixer 16 via pipelines. The second air filter 13 and the first mixing valve 14 are connected to the mixer 16 via pipelines. The exhaust pipe of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23, the three-way valve 24, the EGR valve 25, and the EGR cooler 26 are connected to the mixer 16 via pipelines. The mixer 16, the intake precooler 17, the demister 19, and the throttle valve 22 are connected via pipelines and finally connected to the engine intake pipe. The liquid discharged from the demister 19 enters the neutralization tank 20 for acid removal.

[0068] Air first passes through air filter 1 to remove impurities, then enters air compressor 2 to become high-temperature, high-pressure, and dry air. After passing through humidifier 3, it provides ideal humid air to hydrogen fuel cell 5. During operation, the gas generated at the cathode of hydrogen fuel cell 5 passes through pressure stabilizing chamber 6 to buffer pressure fluctuations, and its humidity is measured by humidity sensor 7. The gas then passes through three-way valve 8 to split into two paths: the first path passes through heat exchanger 9, while the second path does not. The two paths then converge in gas-liquid separator 10. The gas exiting gas separator 10 passes through back pressure valve 11 and enters the inlet of three-way valve 12. Part of the gas then flows from one outlet of three-way valve 12 into mixing valve 15 and then into mixer 16, while the excess gas is discharged from the other outlet of three-way valve 12. The exhaust gas from the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 first passes through the three-way valve 24, then through the EGR valve 25 to control the EGR flow, and then enters the EGR cooler 26. After cooling, the EGR gas is measured by the second temperature sensor 27 and then flows into the mixer 16. If the gas volume is insufficient, supplemental air will pass through the second air filter 13 and then through the first mixing valve 14 to control the supplemental amount, before merging with the gas from the outlet of the second mixing valve 15 in the mixer 16. The mixture is then cooled by the intake precooler 17, and the intake temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen engine is measured by the first temperature sensor 18. After passing through the demister 19 to remove liquid, the liquid enters the neutralization tank 20 for acid removal. After the humidity is measured by the third humidity sensor 21, the gas continues to enter the intake pipe of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 through the throttle valve 22.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, the water management circuit includes: a condensate filter 28, a water tank 29, a drain check valve 30, a water level sensor 31, a water temperature sensor 32, a first electric heater 33, a first water pump 34, a solenoid valve 35, a second water pump 36, a common water supply rail 37, a sprayer 38, a second humidity sensor 4, and a nitrogen-oxygen sensor 39; the condensate filter 28 is connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 10 of the air supply circuit via a pipeline; the water tank 29 is connected to the condensate filter 28 via a pipeline; the outlet of the water tank 29 is divided into three water paths, the first... A water path connects sequentially to the humidifier 3 in the air supply circuit via water pump 34 and solenoid valve 35. A second water path connects sequentially to the cylinder head of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 via water pump 36, common water rail 37, and water sprayer 38. A third water path discharges water through drain check valve 30. A water level sensor 31 is used to detect the water level in the water tank 29, a water temperature sensor 32 is used to detect the water temperature in the water tank 29, and an electric heater 33 is installed in the water tank 29. A humidity sensor 4 is used to detect the water content in the humidifier. A nitrogen oxide sensor 39 is used to detect the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust gas of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0070] Liquid water from the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 10 in the air supply circuit enters the water tank 29 after passing through the condensate filter 28. The water in the water tank 29 is divided into three water paths, and the selection of which water path to use is determined based on various sensor signals and priorities: The first water path supplies water to the humidifier 3 in the air supply circuit. The signal from the second humidity sensor 4 determines whether to add water to the humidifier 3. The first water pump 34 pumps water out of the water tank 29 and adds water to the humidifier 3 through the solenoid valve 35. The second water path supplies water to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 for spraying. The signal from the nitrogen-oxygen sensor 39 determines whether to spray water. The second water pump 36 pumps water out of the water tank 29 and sprays water into the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 through the water supply common rail 37 and the sprayer 38. The third water path drains water from the water tank 29 through the drain check valve 30. The water temperature sensor 32 measures the temperature of the water in the water tank 29. If the temperature is too low and there is a risk of freezing, the first electric heater 33 heats the water tank 29.

[0071] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cooling circuit includes: a No. 3 water pump 40, a No. 2 electric heater 41, an ammonia vaporizer 42, a No. 3 three-way valve 43, a No. 4 three-way valve 44, a heat exchanger 9, and an air intake precooler 17; the cooling circuit is coupled to the air supply circuit through the heat exchanger 9 and the air intake precooler 17, and to the fuel supply circuit through the ammonia vaporizer 42; the No. 3 water pump 40, the No. 2 electric heater 41, the ammonia vaporizer 42, and the No. 3 three-way valve 43 are connected in sequence through pipelines; the outlet of the No. 3 three-way valve 43 is divided into three parallel branches: a short-circuit branch, a branch through the No. 4 three-way valve 44 and the heat exchanger 9, and a branch through the air intake precooler 17, and the branches converge and return to the No. 3 water pump 40 to form a cycle.

[0072] Pump 40 provides circulation power for ethylene glycol in the pipeline, and electric heater 41 heats the cooling medium to prevent insufficient cooling medium temperature from vaporizing liquid ammonia. Ammonia vaporizer 42 vaporizes the liquid ammonia. Three-way valves 43 and 44 divide the cooling medium liquid path into three parallel routes: the first cooling medium liquid path is a short-circuit route; the second cooling medium liquid path is the route of heat exchanger 9, which dehumidifies the tail gas of the cathode of hydrogen fuel cell 5; and the third cooling medium liquid path is the route of intake precooler 17, which cools the intake air of ammonia-hydrogen engine 23.

[0073] Specifically, in this embodiment, the fuel supply circuit includes: a liquid ammonia tank 45, a switching valve 46, a liquid ammonia pump 47, an electronic expansion valve 48, an ammonia vaporizer 42, and an ammonia-hydrogen engine fuel supply system 49; the fuel supply circuit is coupled to the cooling circuit via the ammonia vaporizer 42. The liquid ammonia tank 45, the switching valve 46, the liquid ammonia pump 47, the electronic expansion valve 48, and the ammonia vaporizer 42 are connected sequentially via pipelines, and finally connected to the intake manifold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23.

[0074] The liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank 45 is controlled by the on / off switch valve 46, pumped out by the liquid ammonia pump 47, and then metered and pressure controlled by the electronic expansion valve 48. It then enters the ammonia vaporizer 42 to absorb heat and become gaseous ammonia. The gaseous ammonia is cracked and mixed in the ammonia-hydrogen engine fuel supply system 49 and finally supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 for combustion.

[0075] Specifically, in this embodiment, the exhaust circuit includes an aftertreatment device 50; the high-temperature gas discharged from the exhaust pipe of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 passes through the three-way valve 24 and then branches off to an EGR pipe connected to the air supply circuit, while the remaining gas is treated by the aftertreatment device 50 before being discharged into the atmosphere.

[0076] Example 2:

[0077] This embodiment describes an integrated water management method for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system, implemented through the integrated water management system for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system described in Embodiment 1. Figures 2 to 6 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0078] S1: During vehicle operation, the power system operating mode is determined by comparing the power demand with a preset threshold. Specifically, a power threshold is set. and ,in When the total power demand is When using the pure ammonia-hydrogen engine mode, enter S2 to execute engine drive mode water management control; when power demand is high... When the pure fuel cell mode is used, the system enters S3 to execute fuel cell drive mode water management control; when the power demand is high... When the hybrid mode is used, enter S4 to execute the hybrid drive mode water management control.

[0079] S2: Based on the operating mode of the power system and the current water level in tank 29, perform water management control in engine drive mode, output the water management control strategy, and then execute S5; the control logic of water management control in engine drive mode is as follows:

[0080] The air supply circuit supplies air to the engine intake; the water management circuit adjusts its function based on the water level and the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust: water tank level. Water conservation and water storage at low water level thresholds; water tank level When the water level is at the high threshold, water is sprayed and drained from the engine as needed; when the water level in the water tank is between the low and high thresholds, water is sprayed from the engine as needed; the cooling circuit is used to control the intake air temperature and provide heat to the ammonia carburetor 42; the fuel supply circuit provides ammonia and hydrogen for engine combustion; and the exhaust circuit discharges the treated engine exhaust gas.

[0081] S21: When the water level in the tank is... When the water level threshold is low (i.e., the water level is too low), the signal from nitrogen and oxygen sensor 39 is ignored. The response process of each loop component is as follows:

[0082] In the water management loop, water pump 36 is deactivated, water sprayer 38 is deactivated, the signal from nitrogen oxygen sensor 39 is ignored, and water spraying to ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 is stopped.

[0083] In the air supply circuit, the EGR valve 25 in the EGR line is controlled according to the combustion state in cylinder 23 of the ammonia-hydrogen engine. If there is a tendency for knocking in the cylinder, the EGR valve 25 is opened appropriately to suppress combustion using a small proportion of EGR. The first mixing valve 14 is opened, and air enters cylinder 23 of the ammonia-hydrogen engine after being filtered by the second air filter 13.

[0084] In the cooling circuit, if the measured value of temperature sensor 18 (used to measure the intake air temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen engine) is greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... Then, the outlet paths of control valves 43 (No. 3) and 44 (No. 4) will select the third cooling fluid path; if the measured value of temperature sensor 18 is not greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... Then, the outlet paths of the No. 3 three-way valve 43 and the No. 4 three-way valve 44 are selected to choose the first cooling fluid path.

[0085] S22: When the water level in the tank is... When the water level threshold is high (i.e., the water level is too high), priority is selected based on the measurement value of the nitrogen oxide sensor 39. If the measurement value of the nitrogen oxide sensor 39 (used to measure the concentration of nitrogen oxides in engine exhaust) is greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold in the exhaust of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... If the nitrogen oxide sensor 39 does not exceed the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold in the exhaust of the ammonia-hydrogen engine, then engine water injection will be prioritized; In this case, drainage is prioritized. The response process of each loop component is as follows:

[0086] In the water management circuit, if the measured value of nitrogen oxide sensor 39 is greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold in the exhaust gas of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... According to the signal from the nitrogen and oxygen sensor 39, water pump 36 should be fully turned on. According to the signal from the water temperature sensor 32, if the water temperature in the tank is lower than the water temperature threshold... Turn on electric heater 33 to heat the water in water tank 29 to the water temperature threshold. If the measured value of nitrogen oxide sensor 39 is not greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold in the exhaust of the ammonia-hydrogen engine. The drain check valve 30 opens when the water level in the tank drops to the third threshold (high water level threshold). Third threshold (Low water level threshold), drain check valve 30 is closed.

[0087] In the air supply circuit, mixing valve 14 is opened, and air enters cylinder 23 of the ammonia-hydrogen engine after being filtered by air filter 13.

[0088] In the cooling circuit, if the measured value of temperature sensor 18 is greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... Then, the outlet paths of control valves 43 (No. 3) and 44 (No. 4) will select the third cooling fluid path; if the measured value of temperature sensor 18 is not greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... Then, the outlet paths of the No. 3 three-way valve 43 and the No. 4 three-way valve 44 are selected to choose the first cooling fluid path.

[0089] S23: When the water level in the tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold, there is no priority setting. The response process of each loop component is as follows:

[0090] In the water management circuit, if the nitrogen oxide sensor 39 measures a value greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold in the exhaust gas of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... If water is sprayed into the engine, water pump 36 will be activated; if the nitrogen oxide sensor 39 measures a value not exceeding the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold... Water pump number 36 is shut down.

[0091] In the air supply circuit, mixing valve 14 is opened, and air enters cylinder 23 of the ammonia-hydrogen engine after being filtered by air filter 13.

[0092] In the cooling circuit, if the value measured by temperature sensor 18 is greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... Then, the outlet paths of control valves 43 (No. 3) and 44 (No. 4) will select the third cooling fluid path; if the measured value of temperature sensor 18 is not greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... Then, the outlet paths of the No. 3 three-way valve 43 and the No. 4 three-way valve 44 are selected to choose the first cooling fluid path.

[0093] S3: Based on the operating mode of the power system and the current water level in the tank, perform water management control in the fuel cell drive mode, output the water management control strategy, and then execute S5; the control logic of water management control in the fuel cell drive mode is as follows:

[0094] like Figure 4 As shown, the air supply circuit supplies air to the fuel cell to meet its reaction requirements; the water management circuit adjusts according to changes in the water level in the tank: water level in the tank... When the water level threshold is low, the water-saving storage ensures humidification for humidifier 3, and the water tank level... When the water level threshold is high, water is supplied and drained from the humidifier 3 as needed. When the water level in the water tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold, water is replenished to the humidifier 3. The cooling circuit is used to dehumidify the cathode gas of the fuel cell to store water in the water tank 29.

[0095] S31: When the water level in the tank is... When the water level threshold is low, priority is selected based on the water content of humidifier 3. If the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 (used to measure the water content of the humidifier) ​​is lower than the low water content threshold... Humidifier 3 will be supplied first; if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is between the high moisture content threshold... and low moisture content threshold Between these, water is stored preferentially in water tank 29. The response process of each circuit component is as follows:

[0096] In the water management loop, if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is less than the low moisture content threshold... Water pump 34 is running, and solenoid valve 35 is open; if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is between the high moisture content threshold... and low moisture content threshold Between these, water tank 29 will be used for water storage first.

[0097] In the air supply circuit, the speed of the air compressor 2 is increased according to the power of the hydrogen fuel cell 5.

[0098] In the cooling circuit, the outlet paths of the No. 3 three-way valve 43 and the No. 4 three-way valve 44 are selected to select the second cooling fluid path.

[0099] S32: When the water level in the tank is... When the water level threshold is high, the value of humidity sensor 7 is ignored, and priority is selected based on the water content of humidifier 3. If the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is lower than the low water content threshold... Humidifier 3 will be supplied first; if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is between the high moisture content threshold... and low moisture content threshold In the case of water leakage, drainage is prioritized. The response process of each loop component is as follows:

[0100] In the water management loop, if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is less than the low moisture content threshold... Water pump 34 is running, and solenoid valve 35 is open; if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is between the high moisture content threshold... and low moisture content threshold Between these times, the drain check valve 30 opens, and when the water level in the tank drops to the third threshold, the drain check valve 30 closes.

[0101] In the air supply circuit, the speed of the air compressor 2 is reduced according to the power of the hydrogen fuel cell 5.

[0102] In the cooling circuit, the outlet paths of the No. 3 three-way valve 43 and the No. 4 three-way valve 44 are selected to choose the first cooling working fluid path.

[0103] S33: When the water level in the tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold, there is no priority setting. The response process of each loop component is as follows:

[0104] In the water management loop, if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is less than the low moisture content threshold... Then, the water in water tank 29 supplies water to humidifier 3, water pump 34 runs, solenoid valve 35 opens, and drain check valve 30 closes.

[0105] In the air supply circuit, the first three-way valve 8 opens the second gas path, and the cathode gas of the hydrogen fuel cell 5 does not pass through the heat exchanger 9. The second three-way valve 12 is controlled to select the outlet to discharge the gas.

[0106] In the cooling circuit, the outlet paths of the No. 3 three-way valve 43 and the No. 4 three-way valve 44 are selected to choose the first cooling working fluid path.

[0107] S4: As Figure 5 As shown, based on the operating mode of the power system and the current water level in the tank, water management control is implemented in the hybrid drive mode, and a water management control strategy is output. The control logic for water management control in the hybrid drive mode is as follows:

[0108] When the water level in the water tank At low water level thresholds, the air supply circuit is responsible for recovering water through the gas-liquid separator 10, the water management circuit mainly controls whether water is supplied to the humidifier 3, and the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature, dehumidify the fuel cell cathode gas, and provide heat for ammonia decomposition; when the water level in the tank is low... At the high water level threshold, the air supply circuit provides the air required for the reaction of the fuel cell and engine, the water management circuit is responsible for water drainage, and the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature and provide heat for ammonia decomposition. When the water level in the tank is between the low and high water level thresholds, the air supply circuit is responsible for the distribution of air and water, the water management circuit supplies water as needed, the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature, dehumidify the fuel cell cathode gas, and provide heat for ammonia decomposition; the fuel supply circuit provides the ammonia and hydrogen required for engine combustion; and the exhaust circuit is used to discharge the treated exhaust gas.

[0109] S41: When the water level in the water tank is... When the water level threshold is low, the signal from nitrogen and oxygen sensor 39 is ignored, and priority is selected based on the water content of humidifier 3. If the humidity measurement value from humidity sensor 4 is less than the low water content threshold... Humidifier 3 will be supplied first; if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is between the high moisture content threshold... and low moisture content threshold Between these, water is stored preferentially in water tank 29. The response process of each circuit component is as follows:

[0110] In the water management loop, if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is less than the low moisture content threshold... Water pump 36 (No. 2) is shut down, water sprayer 38 is shut down, the signal from nitrogen and oxygen sensor 39 is ignored, water pump 34 (No. 1) is running, solenoid valve 35 is open, and drain check valve 30 is closed; if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 (No. 2) is below the high moisture content threshold... and low moisture content threshold During this period, water pump 34 is shut down, solenoid valve 35 is closed, water pump 36 is shut down, water sprayer 38 is shut down, and drain check valve 30 is closed.

[0111] In the air supply circuit, the first three-way valve 8 opens the first gas path, allowing all the cathode gas from the hydrogen fuel cell 5 to pass through the heat exchanger 9. The hydrogen fuel cell 5 operates at high power to replenish the water tank 29 as quickly as possible.

[0112] In the cooling circuit, if the value measured by temperature sensor 18 is greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... Then, the outlet paths of the No. 3 three-way valve 43 and the No. 4 three-way valve 44 are selected to choose the second and third cooling fluid paths; if the measured value of the No. 1 temperature sensor 18 is not greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... Then, the outlet paths of the control valves 43 and 44 will be selected to select the second cooling fluid path.

[0113] S42: When the water level in the tank... When the water level threshold is high, the signal from humidity sensor 7 is ignored, and priority is selected based on the water content of humidifier 3 and the value from nitrogen and oxygen sensor 39. If the humidity measurement value from humidity sensor 4 is lower than the low water content threshold... Humidifier 3 will be supplied first; if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is between the high moisture content threshold... and low moisture content threshold The readings were between [a certain value] and [a certain value], but the nitrogen oxide sensor reading 39 was greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold in the exhaust of the ammonia-hydrogen engine. If the humidity reading from humidity sensor 4 is below the high moisture content threshold, then engine water injection will be prioritized. and low moisture content threshold Between, and the nitrogen oxide sensor 39's measured value is not greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold in the exhaust of the ammonia-hydrogen engine. In this case, drainage is prioritized. The response process of each loop component is as follows:

[0114] In the water management loop, if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is less than the low moisture content threshold... Water pump 34 is running, solenoid valve 35 is open, and water pump 36 should be fully opened according to the signal from nitrogen and oxygen sensor 39; if the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is between the high moisture content threshold... and low moisture content threshold In between, based on the signal from the nitrogen-oxygen sensor 39, priority is given to spraying water into the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23. If no water spraying is needed or there is still excess water, the excess water in the water tank 29 is drained, the first water pump 34 is stopped, the solenoid valve 35 is closed, and water supply to the humidifier 3 is stopped. The second water pump 36 is fully opened according to the signal from the nitrogen-oxygen sensor 39, and the drain check valve 30 is opened in conjunction with it. When the water level in the water tank 29 drops to the third threshold, the drain check valve 30 is closed.

[0115] In the air supply circuit, the first three-way valve 8 opens the second gas path, preventing the cathode gas of the hydrogen fuel cell 5 from passing through the heat exchanger 9 and thus preventing water recovery. This reduces the power output of the hydrogen fuel cell 5.

[0116] In the cooling circuit, if the value measured by temperature sensor 18 is greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... Then, the outlet paths of control valves 43 (No. 3) and 44 (No. 4) will select the third cooling fluid path; if the measured value of temperature sensor 18 is not greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... Then, the outlet paths of the No. 3 three-way valve 43 and the No. 4 three-way valve 44 are selected to choose the first cooling fluid path.

[0117] S43: When the water level in the tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold, there is no priority setting. The response process of each loop component is as follows:

[0118] For the water management circuit and air supply circuit, the control module controls the EGR valve 25 in the EGR line according to the combustion state in the cylinder of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23. If there is a tendency for knocking in the cylinder, the EGR valve 25 is opened appropriately to suppress combustion using a small proportion of EGR. The three-way valve selects the outlet according to the intake air requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 and the power of the hydrogen fuel cell 5. If the moisture content of the cathode gas of the hydrogen fuel cell 5 measured by the first humidity sensor 7 is sufficient for the intake air requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23, the second air path is opened to directly introduce humid air into the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 without the need for additional water injection. The total intake air volume is controlled by the first mixing valve 14, the second mixing valve 15, and the throttle valve 22. If the moisture content of the cathode gas of the hydrogen fuel cell 5 measured by the first humidity sensor 7 is insufficient for the intake air requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23, the first air path is opened. The water required for the intake air of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 is supplied by the water tank 29, and the second water pump 36 is turned on to spray water into the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23 through the water injector 38. If the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is less than the low moisture content threshold Turn on water pump 34 to replenish water to humidifier 3 to the high moisture content threshold. .

[0119] In the cooling circuit, the cooling fluid circuit is selected according to the cooling fluid circuit control flow diagram, and the No. 3 three-way valve 43 and the No. 4 three-way valve 44 select the outlet path according to the selected circuit.

[0120] S5: After the water management control strategy is output, a cooling loop control strategy is generated, and a complete water-heat coupling control strategy is output.

[0121] Specifically, after the water management control strategy is output, the cooling circuit control strategy is selected based on the measured value of temperature sensor 18 (i.e., the intake air temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen engine) and the outlet air path of three-way valve 8. If the measured value of temperature sensor 18 is greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... If the first outlet gas path is opened by the No. 1 three-way valve, then the second and third cooling fluid paths are selected; if the measured value of the No. 1 temperature sensor 18 is greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... If the first three-way valve opens the second outlet gas path, then the third cooling fluid path is selected; if the value measured by the first temperature sensor 18 is not greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine. If the first outlet gas path is opened by the No. 1 three-way valve, then the second cooling fluid path is selected; if the measured value of the No. 1 temperature sensor 18 is not greater than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine. If the No. 1 three-way valve opens the second outlet gas path, then the first cooling working fluid liquid path is selected.

[0122] In this embodiment, the thresholds are defined as follows:

[0123] The high water level threshold is set to the maximum water capacity of the water tank 29; a water level exceeding this threshold is considered too high. The low water level threshold is set to the minimum water volume provided by the humidifier 3 when the hydrogen fuel cell 5 operates at high power to replenish the water level in the water tank 29 to the high water level threshold; a water level below this threshold is considered too low. The third threshold controls the closing of the drain check valve 30. If the drain check valve 30 opens after the water level reaches the low water level threshold, it will close again when the water level drops back to the third threshold.

[0124] The intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine Its value is set to the highest intake air temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 23. If the measured value of temperature sensor 18 is higher than the intake air temperature threshold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine... If the temperature is too high, it indicates that the intake air temperature is too high; otherwise, the intake air temperature is considered to be within a reasonable range.

[0125] The nitrogen oxide concentration threshold in the exhaust of the ammonia-hydrogen engine Its value is set to the maximum concentration of nitrogen oxides in engine exhaust. If the nitrogen oxide sensor 39 measures a value greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold... If the value is too high, it indicates that the nitrogen-oxygen sensor value 39 is too high; otherwise, the value of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor value 39 is considered to be within a reasonable range.

[0126] The water temperature threshold of the water tank Its value is set to the lowest water temperature value in water tank 29. When the water temperature sensor 32 displays a value lower than the water temperature threshold... The water temperature in water tank 29 is too low.

[0127] The high moisture content threshold The value is set as the upper limit for water replenishment by humidifier 3. The low moisture content threshold is... Its value is set to the lowest moisture content of humidifier 3. If the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is less than the low moisture content threshold, If the humidity reading of humidifier 3 is too low, it indicates that the moisture content of humidifier 3 is too low. If the humidity measurement value of humidity sensor 4 is between the high moisture content threshold... and low moisture content threshold If the value is between 0 and 1, it indicates that the water content of humidifier 3 is within a suitable range.

Claims

1. An integrated water management system for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system, characterized in that, The system includes an air supply circuit, a water management circuit, a cooling circuit, a fuel supply circuit, and an exhaust circuit. The air supply circuit provides humidified air to the hydrogen fuel cell (5) and mixes and cools the gas generated at the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell (5) with the exhaust gas of the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23), providing the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23) with an intake mixture containing EGR. The water management circuit supplies water to the humidifier (3) in the air supply circuit through a water tank (29) and sprays water to the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23). The cooling circuit dehumidifies the exhaust gas at the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell (5) and cools the intake gas of the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23), and uses the cooling medium to recycle the heat, thereby providing a heat source for the vaporization of liquid ammonia in the fuel supply circuit. The fuel supply circuit vaporizes and cracks liquid ammonia to provide fuel for the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23). The exhaust circuit is coupled to the air supply circuit through an EGR pipeline to after-treat the engine exhaust gas and realize exhaust gas recirculation. The air supply circuit includes an air compressor (2), a humidifier (3), a heat exchanger (9), a gas-liquid separator (10), a mixer (16), and an intake precooler (17). Air enters the air compressor (2) and then passes through the humidifier (3) to supply humid air to the hydrogen fuel cell (5). The gas generated by the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell (5) is divided into two gas paths. The first gas path passes through the heat exchanger (9) and then enters the gas-liquid separator (10). The second gas path directly enters the gas-liquid separator (10). The gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator (10) enters the mixer (16). The exhaust gas of the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23) enters the mixer (16) through the EGR pipeline. The supplementary air also enters the mixer (16). The gas mixed in the mixer (16) is cooled by the intake precooler (17) and then enters the intake pipeline of the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23). The water management circuit includes the water tank (29) and a first water pump (34); liquid water discharged from the gas-liquid separator (10) enters the water tank (29); the water in the water tank (29) supplies the humidifier (3) of the air supply circuit and / or supplies water to the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23); The cooling circuit includes a No. 3 water pump (40), an ammonia vaporizer (42), a heat exchanger (9), and an air intake precooler (17). The cooling circuit is coupled to the air supply circuit through the heat exchanger (9) and the air intake precooler (17), and to the fuel supply circuit through the ammonia vaporizer (42). The No. 3 water pump (40) provides circulating power for the cooling working fluid. The cooling working fluid liquid path is divided into three parallel routes: the first is a short-circuit route; the second is the heat exchanger (9) route, which dehumidifies the tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell (5) cathode; and the third is the air intake precooler (17) route, which cools the air intake of the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23). The fuel supply circuit includes a liquid ammonia tank (45), a liquid ammonia pump (47), an ammonia vaporizer (42), and an ammonia-hydrogen engine fuel supply system (49); the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank (45) is pumped out by the liquid ammonia pump (47) and enters the ammonia vaporizer (42) to become gaseous ammonia; the gaseous ammonia is cracked and mixed in the ammonia-hydrogen engine fuel supply system (49) and finally supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23) for combustion; The exhaust circuit includes an aftertreatment device (50); a portion of the exhaust gas from the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23) enters the EGR pipeline of the air supply circuit, and the remaining gas is treated by the aftertreatment device (50) before being discharged into the atmosphere.

2. The integrated water management system for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The air supply circuit also includes an air filter (1), a pressure regulating chamber (6), a humidity sensor (7), a three-way valve (8), a back pressure valve (11), a three-way valve (12), an air filter (13), a mixing valve (14), a mixing valve (15), a temperature sensor (18), a demister (19), a neutralization tank (20), a humidity sensor (21), a throttle valve (22), and a three-way valve (24). The EGR pipeline includes an EGR valve (25), an EGR cooler (26), and a temperature sensor (8). 27) Composition: Air passes through the No. 1 air filter (1) to filter impurities, then enters the air compressor (2), and then passes through the humidifier (3) to provide humid air to the hydrogen fuel cell (5); During the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell (5), the gas generated by its cathode passes through the pressure stabilizing chamber (6) to buffer pressure fluctuations, and the gas humidity is measured by the No. 1 humidity sensor (7); Then the gas is divided into two gas paths through the No. 1 three-way valve (8), the first gas path passes through the heat exchanger (9), and the second gas path does not pass through the heat exchanger (9), and then the two gas paths converge in the gas-liquid separator (10); The gas discharged from the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator (10) passes through the back pressure valve (11) and enters the inlet of the No. 2 three-way valve (12). Then, part of the gas passes through one outlet of the No. 2 three-way valve (12) into the No. 2 mixing valve (15) and then into the mixer (16). The excess gas is discharged from the other outlet of the No. 2 three-way valve (12). The exhaust gas of the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23) first passes through the three-way valve (24), then passes through the EGR valve (25) to control the EGR amount, and then enters the EGR cooler (26). After cooling, the EGR is measured by the No. 2 temperature sensor (27) and then flows into the mixer. (16); The supplemented air passes through the No. 2 air filter (13) and then through the No. 1 mixing valve (14) to control the amount of supplementation. It then merges with the gas at the outlet of the No. 2 mixing valve (15) in the mixer (16). The gas mixed in the mixer (16) is cooled by the intake precooler (17) and the intake temperature is measured by the No. 1 temperature sensor (18). The liquid is removed by the demister (19). The liquid enters the neutralization tank (20) for acid removal. After the humidity is measured by the No. 3 humidity sensor (21), the gas enters the intake pipe of the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23) through the throttle valve (22).

3. The integrated water management system for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water management circuit also includes a condensate filter (28), a drain check valve (30), a water level sensor (31), a first electric heater (33), a solenoid valve (35), a second water pump (36), a common water supply rail (37), a sprayer (38), a second humidity sensor (4), and a nitrogen and oxygen sensor (39); the condensate filter (28) is connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator (10) of the air supply circuit via a pipeline; the water tank (29) is connected to the condensate filter (28) via a pipeline; the outlet of the water tank (29) is divided into three water paths, the first water path passing through... The first water pump (34) and the solenoid valve (35) are connected to the humidifier (3) of the air supply circuit. The second water circuit is connected to the cylinder head of the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23) via the second water pump (36), the water supply rail (37), and the water sprayer (38). The third water circuit is discharged through the drain check valve (30). The water level sensor (31) is used to detect the water level in the water tank (29). The first electric heater (33) is installed in the water tank (29). The second humidity sensor (4) is used to detect the water content of the humidifier. The nitrogen oxide sensor (39) is used to detect the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust gas of the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23).

4. The integrated water management system for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling circuit also includes a second electric heater (41), a third three-way valve (43), and a fourth three-way valve (44); the third water pump (40), the second electric heater (41), the ammonia vaporizer (42), and the third three-way valve (43) are connected in sequence through pipelines; the outlet of the third three-way valve (43) is divided into three parallel branches: a short-circuit branch, a branch through the fourth three-way valve (44) and the heat exchanger (9), and a branch through the air inlet precooler (17). After the branches merge, they return to the third water pump (40) to form a cycle.

5. The integrated water management system for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel supply circuit also includes a switching valve (46) and an electronic expansion valve (48); the liquid ammonia tank (45), the switching valve (46), the liquid ammonia pump (47), the electronic expansion valve (48), and the ammonia vaporizer (42) are connected in sequence through pipelines and finally connected to the intake manifold of the ammonia-hydrogen engine (23).

6. An integrated water management method for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system, which is implemented through an integrated water management system for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system as described in claim 1; characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the powertrain operating mode based on a comparison between the vehicle's total power demand and a preset threshold value: Set power threshold and ,in When the total power demand is When using the pure ammonia-hydrogen engine mode, enter S2 to execute engine drive mode water management control; when power demand is high... When the pure fuel cell mode is used, the system enters S3 to execute fuel cell drive mode water management control; when the power demand is high... When the hybrid mode is used, enter S4 to execute the hybrid drive mode water management control; S2. Based on the operating mode of the power system and the current water level in the water tank, perform water management control in the engine drive mode, output the water management control strategy, and then execute S5; the control logic for water management control in the engine drive mode is as follows: The air supply circuit supplies air to the engine intake; the water management circuit adjusts its function according to the water level in the water tank: water level in the water tank. Water conservation and water storage at low water level thresholds; water tank level When the water level is at the high threshold, the engine is sprayed with water and drained as needed; when the water level in the water tank is between the low and high thresholds, the engine is sprayed with water as needed; the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature and provide heat to the ammonia carburetor; the fuel supply circuit provides ammonia and hydrogen for engine combustion; the exhaust circuit discharges the treated engine exhaust gas. S3. Based on the operating mode of the power system and the current water level in the tank, perform water management control in the fuel cell drive mode, output the water management control strategy, and then execute S5; the control logic for water management control in the fuel cell drive mode is as follows: The air supply circuit supplies air to the fuel cell to meet its reaction requirements; the water management circuit adjusts according to changes in the water level in the tank: water level in the tank... When the water level threshold is low, the water-saving water storage ensures humidification for the humidifier, and the water tank level... When the water level threshold is high, the humidifier is supplied with water and drained as needed. When the water level in the tank is between the low and high water level thresholds, the humidifier is kept replenished with water. The cooling circuit is used for dehumidification of the cathode gas in the fuel cell. S4. Combining the operating mode of the power system and the current water level in the tank, perform water management control in the hybrid drive mode, output the water management control strategy, and then execute S5; the control logic of water management control in the hybrid drive mode is as follows: When the water level in the water tank At low water level thresholds, the air supply circuit is responsible for recovering water through the gas-liquid separator, the water management circuit controls whether water is supplied to the humidifier, and the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature, dehumidify the fuel cell cathode gas, and provide heat for ammonia decomposition; when the water tank level... At the high water level threshold, the air supply circuit provides the air required for the reaction of the fuel cell and engine, the water management circuit is responsible for water drainage, and the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature and provide heat for ammonia decomposition. When the water level in the tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold, the air supply circuit is responsible for the distribution of air and water, the water management circuit supplies water as needed, the cooling circuit is used to control the engine intake air temperature, dehumidify the fuel cell cathode gas, and provide heat for ammonia decomposition, the fuel supply circuit provides the ammonia and hydrogen required for engine combustion, and the exhaust circuit is used to discharge the treated exhaust gas. S5. After the water management control strategy is output, a cooling loop control strategy is generated, and a complete water-heat coupling control strategy is output.

7. The integrated water management method for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In S2: When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is low, the water management circuit stops spraying water to the ammonia-hydrogen engine; the cooling circuit selects the cooling fluid path according to the intake air temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen engine. When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is high, if the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust of the ammonia-hydrogen engine is greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold, the engine will be sprayed with water first; otherwise, water will be drained first. The cooling circuit will select the cooling fluid path according to the intake air temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen engine. When the water level in the water tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold, if the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust of the ammonia-hydrogen engine is greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold, water will be sprayed into the engine; the cooling circuit selects the cooling fluid path according to the intake air temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

8. The integrated water management method for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In S3: When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is low, priority is selected based on the humidifier's water content: if the humidifier's water content is less than the low water content threshold... If the water content in the humidifier is within the high water content threshold, then the humidifier will be supplied first; if the water content in the humidifier is within the high water content threshold, then the humidifier will be supplied first. Between the threshold of low water content and the threshold of low water content, water should be stored in the water tank first; When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is high, the priority is selected based on the humidifier's moisture content: if the humidifier's moisture content is less than the low moisture content threshold... If the water content in the humidifier is within the high water content threshold, then the humidifier will be supplied first; if the water content in the humidifier is within the high water content threshold, then the humidifier will be supplied first. and low moisture content threshold Between these, drainage should be prioritized; When the water level in the tank is between the low water level threshold and the high water level threshold, if the humidifier's water content is less than the low water content threshold... Then the water in the water tank is supplied to the humidifier.

9. The integrated water management method for an ammonia-hydrogen engine-PEMFC new energy hybrid system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In S4: When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is low, priority is selected based on the humidifier's water content: if the humidifier's water content is less than the low water content threshold... If the water content in the humidifier is within the high water content threshold, then the humidifier will be supplied first; if the water content in the humidifier is within the high water content threshold, then the humidifier will be supplied first. and low moisture content threshold Between these, water in the water tank will be stored first; When the water level in the water tank When the water level threshold is high, the priority is selected based on the humidifier's moisture content: if the humidifier's moisture content is less than the low moisture content threshold... If the water content in the humidifier is within the high water content threshold, then the humidifier will be supplied first; if the water content in the humidifier is within the high water content threshold, then the humidifier will be supplied first. and low moisture content threshold The concentration of nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust is between [a certain value], but the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust is greater than the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold. If the humidifier's water content is below the high water content threshold, then the engine will be prioritized for water injection; and low moisture content threshold Between, and the concentration of nitrogen oxides in engine exhaust does not exceed the nitrogen oxide concentration threshold. If so, then drainage should be prioritized; When the water level in the tank is between the low and high water level thresholds: if the water content of the hydrogen fuel cell cathode gas meets the intake requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen engine, then humid air is directly introduced into the ammonia-hydrogen engine without additional water injection; if the water content of the hydrogen fuel cell cathode gas does not meet the intake requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen engine, then the water required for the intake of the ammonia-hydrogen engine is provided by the water tank; if the water content in the humidifier is below the low water content threshold... Then the water tank replenishes the humidifier.

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