Communication method and communication apparatus

Abstract

The application provides a communication method and a communication device, the method is applied to a terminal device, and the method comprises the following steps: receiving first system information, the first system information indicating a first inference model; measuring a first reference signal to obtain a first signal measurement result; in the case that a GNSS positioning state of the terminal device is a positioning invalid state, determining a first compensation value based on the first inference model and the first signal measurement result, the first compensation value comprising a propagation time delay compensation value and a Doppler shift compensation value; and sending a random access request message based on the first compensation value. By using the method, the compensation value of the propagation time delay and the compensation value of the Doppler frequency offset can be accurately determined, and the terminal device access success rate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to communication methods and communication devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the commercial deployment of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), integrated space-ground communication has become a key technology for achieving seamless global coverage. In NTN systems, due to the high-speed motion and enormous propagation distance of satellites, terminal devices must precisely pre-compensate for significant propagation delays and Doppler frequency offsets before initiating uplink transmissions to ensure their uplink signals arrive at the satellites synchronously. The compensation values ​​for propagation delay and Doppler frequency offset are determined based on the terminal device's location information, which is based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. In other words, this pre-compensation mechanism is highly dependent on GNSS signals.

[0003] If the GNSS signal fails (e.g., in real-world scenarios such as when the terminal device is located in a tunnel, urban canyon, indoor environment, or encounters malicious interference), the terminal device can only determine the propagation delay compensation value and Doppler frequency offset compensation value based on the common reference position information (CRISPR) sent by network equipment (e.g., satellite). Because there is a discrepancy between this CRISPR and the actual location information of the terminal device, the propagation delay compensation value and Doppler frequency offset compensation value determined by the terminal device based on this CRISPR are inaccurate, resulting in a low access success rate for the terminal device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a communication method and communication device that can accurately determine the compensation value of propagation delay and the compensation value of Doppler frequency offset, thereby improving the access success rate of terminal equipment.

[0005] Firstly, some embodiments of this application provide a communication method. This method can be executed by a terminal device, or by a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the terminal device, or by a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal device's functions. This application does not limit this. The following description uses a terminal device as an example. The communication method may include: receiving first system information, the first system information indicating a first inference model; measuring a first reference signal to obtain a first signal measurement result; when the GNSS positioning state of the terminal device is an invalid positioning state, determining a first compensation value based on the first inference model and the first signal measurement result, the first compensation value including a propagation delay compensation value and a Doppler offset compensation value; and sending a random access request message based on the first compensation value.

[0006] By configuring an inference model for the terminal device using the above method, the terminal device can estimate its current location information or compensation value based on the inference model and signal measurement results when the GNSS signal fails. This improves the success rate of terminal device access.

[0007] In one possible embodiment, the first compensation value is determined based on first location information, which is the location information output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model; or, the first compensation value is the compensation value output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model.

[0008] In one possible embodiment, the random access request message is message Msg1; after sending the random access request message based on a first compensation value, the method further includes: receiving Msg2 sent from a network device; sending Msg3, Msg3 including first location information, the first location information being used to determine the beam direction of Msg4.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, after sending a random access request message based on a first compensation value, the method further includes: if the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is in a positioning active state, sending a first confidence level, the first confidence level being used to determine whether to update the first inference model, the first confidence level being determined based on the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on the GNSS signal.

[0010] By using the above method, the first confidence level is fed back to the network device, enabling the network device to perceive the reasoning effect of the first inference model and thus decide whether to update the first inference model.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, the first confidence level is determined by the offset between the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on the GNSS signal.

[0012] In one possible embodiment, the method further includes: when the GNSS positioning state of the terminal device is in a positioning active state and the terminal device is in a connected state, receiving a first message, the first message being used to request training data for training a first inference model; measuring a second reference signal to obtain a second signal measurement result; and sending a second message, the second message including the second signal measurement result and the third location information corresponding to the second signal measurement result, the second signal measurement result and the third location information being used to train the first inference model, the third location information being determined based on the GNSS signal.

[0013] In one possible embodiment, the first signal measurement results include the reference signal received power RSRP of the first reference signal and the Doppler offset of the first reference signal.

[0014] Secondly, some embodiments of this application provide a communication method. This method can be executed by a network device, or by a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the network device, or by a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the network device. This application does not limit this. The following description uses a network device as an example. The method includes: sending first system information, the first system information including a first inference model; sending a first reference signal, the first inference model and the first reference signal corresponding to a first signal measurement result being used to determine a first compensation value, the first compensation value including a propagation delay compensation value and a Doppler offset compensation value, the first compensation value being used to send a random access request message; and receiving a random access request message from a terminal device.

[0015] In one possible embodiment, the first compensation value is determined based on first location information, which is the location information output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model; or, the first compensation value is the compensation value output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model.

[0016] In one possible embodiment, the random access request message is message Msg1; after receiving the random access request message from the terminal device, the method further includes: sending Msg2; receiving Msg3 from the terminal device, Msg3 including first location information, the first location information being used to determine the beam direction of Msg4.

[0017] In one possible embodiment, after receiving a random access request message from a terminal device, the method further includes: receiving a first confidence level from the terminal device, the first confidence level being used to determine whether to update a first inference model, the first confidence level being determined based on terminal location information determined by the first inference model and terminal location information determined based on GNSS signals.

[0018] In one possible embodiment, the first confidence level is determined by the offset between the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on the GNSS signal.

[0019] In one possible embodiment, the method further includes: sending a first message, the first message being used to request training data for training a first inference model; sending a second reference signal; and receiving a second message, the second message including a second signal measurement result corresponding to the second reference signal and third position information corresponding to the second signal measurement result, the second signal measurement result and the third position information being used to train the first inference model, the third position information being determined based on GNSS signals.

[0020] In one possible embodiment, the first signal measurement results include the reference signal received power RSRP of the first reference signal and the Doppler offset of the first reference signal.

[0021] Thirdly, this application provides a communication device including a transceiver module and a processing module. The transceiver module is used to receive first system information, which indicates a first inference model; measure a first reference signal to obtain a first signal measurement result; the processing module is used to determine a first compensation value based on the first inference model and the first signal measurement result when the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is in an invalid positioning state; the first compensation value includes a propagation delay compensation value and a Doppler offset compensation value; the transceiver module is also used to send a random access request message based on the first compensation value.

[0022] Fourthly, this application provides a communication device including a transceiver module. The transceiver module is used to transmit first system information, including a first inference model; transmit a first reference signal, wherein the first inference model and the first reference signal correspond to a first signal measurement result used to determine a first compensation value, the first compensation value including a propagation delay compensation value and a Doppler offset compensation value, the first compensation value being used to transmit a random access request message; and receive a random access request message from a terminal device.

[0023] The third and fourth aspects are the implementation on the device side, which correspond to the first and second aspects. The explanations, supplements, and descriptions of the beneficial effects of the first and second aspects also apply to the third and fourth aspects, and will not be repeated here.

[0024] Fifthly, this application provides a communication device including a processor coupled to a memory, which can be used to execute instructions or data in the memory to implement the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect described above. Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory. Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.

[0025] In one implementation, the communication interface may be a transceiver, or an input / output interface.

[0026] In another implementation, the communication device is a chip configured in the first device. When the communication device is a chip configured in the first device, the communication interface can be an input / output interface.

[0027] Sixthly, this application provides a communication device including a processor coupled to a memory, which can be used to execute instructions or data in the memory to implement the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect above. Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory. Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.

[0028] In one implementation, the communication interface may be a transceiver, or an input / output interface.

[0029] In another implementation, the communication device is a chip configured in the reader / writer. When the communication device is a chip configured in the reader / writer, the communication interface can be an input / output interface.

[0030] In a seventh aspect, a processor is provided, comprising: an input circuit, an output circuit, and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to receive signals through the input circuit and transmit signals through the output circuit, causing the processor to execute a method in any possible implementation of any aspect.

[0031] In specific implementation, the processor can be one or more chips, the input circuit can be input pins, the output circuit can be output pins, and the processing circuit can be transistors, gate circuits, flip-flops, and various logic circuits. The input signal received by the input circuit can be received and input by, for example, but not limited to, a receiver, and the signal output by the output circuit can be, for example, but not limited to, output to and transmitted by a transmitter. Furthermore, the input circuit and the output circuit can be the same circuit, which is used as both the input circuit and the output circuit at different times. This application does not limit the specific implementation of the processor and various circuits.

[0032] Eighthly, a communication device is provided, including a processor and a memory. The processor is used to read instructions stored in the memory, receive signals via a receiver, and transmit signals via a transmitter to execute the method in any possible implementation of any of the preceding aspects.

[0033] Optionally, the processor may be one or more, and the memory may be one or more.

[0034] Ninthly, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product comprising: a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions) that, when the computer program is run, causes a computer to perform a method in any possible implementation of any of the above aspects.

[0035] In a tenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions) that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods in any possible implementation of any of the preceding aspects.

[0036] Eleventhly, embodiments of this application provide a chip system including one or more processors for calling and executing instructions stored in memory, causing the methods in any of the above aspects or possible implementations to be executed. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0037] The chip system may include input circuits or interfaces for transmitting information or data, and output circuits or interfaces for receiving information or data.

[0038] In a twelfth aspect, a communication system is provided, including the aforementioned terminal equipment / access network equipment. Optionally, the communication system may further include other devices that communicate with the terminal equipment and / or network equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system.

[0040] Figure 2 This application provides a schematic diagram of the architecture of an NTN system.

[0041] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 4a A flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 4b A flowchart illustrating yet another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 4c A flowchart illustrating yet another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating yet another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two.

[0050] It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0051] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0052] To facilitate a detailed understanding of the embodiments of this application, the system architecture involved in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system 1000 used in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown, the communication system includes a radio access network (RAN) 100 and a core network 200. Optionally, the communication system 1000 may also include an Internet 300. The RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (e.g., ...). Figure 1 (110a and 110b in the original text), may also include at least one terminal (such as...) Figure 1 RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay equipment and / or wireless backhaul equipment (120a-120j). Figure 1 (Not shown in the diagram). Terminals connect wirelessly to the RAN nodes, and the RAN nodes connect wirelessly or via wired connection to the core network 200. The core network equipment in the core network 200 and the RAN nodes in the RAN 100 can be independent physical devices, or they can be the same physical device integrating the logical functions of both the core network equipment and the RAN nodes. Terminals can connect to each other, and RAN nodes can connect to each other, via wired or wireless connections. It should be noted that, in the following text, RAN nodes may also be referred to as network devices.

[0054] RAN 100 can be an evolved universal terrestrial radioaccess (E-UTRA) system, a new radio (NR) system, or a future radio access system as defined in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP). RAN 100 can also include two or more of the above-mentioned different radio access systems. RAN 100 can also be an open RAN (O-RAN).

[0055] RAN nodes, also known as radio access network equipment, RAN entities, or access nodes, are used to help terminals access communication systems wirelessly. In one application scenario, an RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB) in 5G mobile communication systems, a next-generation base station in 6G mobile communication systems, or a base station in future mobile communication systems. RAN nodes can also be macro base stations (such as...) Figure 1 (e.g., 110a), or it can be a micro base station or an indoor station (such as...) Figure 1 (110b in the original text) can also be a relay node or a donor node.

[0056] In another application scenario, multiple RAN nodes can collaborate to help terminals achieve wireless access, with different RAN nodes implementing different functions of the base station. For example, a RAN node can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), or a radio unit (RU). The CU performs the functions of the base station's Radio Resource Set Control (RRC) and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), and can also perform the functions of the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP). The DU performs the functions of the base station's Radio Link Control (RANC) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers, and can also perform some or all of the physical layer functions. For specific descriptions of these protocol layers, refer to the relevant 3GPP technical specifications. The RU can be used to implement radio frequency signal transmission and reception. The CU and DU can be two independent RAN nodes or integrated into the same RAN node, such as within a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in radio frequency equipment, such as in a remote radio unit (RRU) or an active antenna unit (AAU). The CU can be further divided into two types of RAN nodes: CU-control plane and CU-user plane.

[0057] In different systems, RAN nodes may have different names. For example, in an O-RAN system, a CU can be called an open CU (O-CU), a DU can be called an open DU (O-DU), and an RU can be called an open RU (O-RU). The RAN nodes in the embodiments of this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules. For example, a RAN node can be a server loaded with the corresponding software modules. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or device form used in the RAN nodes. For ease of description, a base station is used as an example of a RAN node in the following description.

[0058] A terminal is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, capable of sending signals to or receiving signals from a base station. Terminals can also be called terminal equipment, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc. Terminals can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, etc. Terminals can be mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable devices, vehicles, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or device form used in the terminal.

[0059] Base stations and terminals can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can be deployed on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of the base stations and terminals.

[0060] The roles of base stations and terminals can be relative, for example, Figure 1 The helicopter or drone in the network can be configured as a mobile base station. For terminals 120j that access the wireless access network 100 via 120i, terminal 120i is a base station; however, for base station 110a, 120i is a terminal, meaning that 110a and 120i communicate via a wireless air interface protocol. Of course, 110a and 120i can also communicate via a base station-to-base station interface protocol; in this case, 120i is also a base station relative to 110a. Therefore, both base stations and terminals can be collectively referred to as communication devices. Figure 1 The 110a and 110b in the text can be referred to as communication devices with base station functions. Figure 1 The 120a-120j in the text can be referred to as communication devices with terminal functions.

[0061] Communication between base stations and terminals, between base stations, and between terminals can be conducted using licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or both simultaneously. Communication can be conducted using spectrum below 6 GHz, spectrum above 6 GHz, or both simultaneously. The embodiments of this application do not limit the set of spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

[0062] In the embodiments of this application, the functions of the base station can be executed by modules (such as chips) within the base station, or by a control subsystem that includes base station functions. This control subsystem, including base station functions, can be a control center in the aforementioned application scenarios such as smart grids, industrial control, intelligent transportation, and smart cities. Similarly, the functions of the terminal can be executed by modules (such as chips or modems) within the terminal, or by a device that includes terminal functions.

[0063] In this application, the base station sends downlink signals or downlink information to the terminal, with the downlink information carried on the downlink channel; the terminal sends uplink signals or uplink information to the base station, with the uplink information carried on the uplink channel. In order to communicate with the base station, the terminal needs to establish a radio connection with a cell controlled by the base station. The cell with which the terminal has established a radio connection is called the terminal's serving cell. When the terminal communicates with this serving cell, it is also subject to interference from signals from neighboring cells.

[0064] In the embodiments of this application, the time-domain symbol can be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol. Unless otherwise specified, the symbols in the embodiments of this application refer to time-domain symbols.

[0065] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the physical downlink share channel (PDSCH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), physical uplink share channel (PUSCH), and physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) are only examples of downlink data channel, downlink control channel, uplink data channel, and uplink control channel, respectively. In different systems and different scenarios, the data channel and control channel may have different names, and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0066] In one possible embodiment, the technical solution of this application can be applied to scenarios involving non-terrestrial networks (NTN) or the fusion of NTN and terrestrial networks (TN). NTN refers to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency on a satellite (unmanned aircraft system (UAS) platform). For example, Figure 2 A schematic diagram of four system architectures for NTN is shown.

[0067] 1. In Figure 2 In a transparent satellite architecture as shown in Figure 2-1, the radio access network (RAN) may include remote radio units (RRUs) and base stations (such as...). Figure 2The 2-1 gNB). The RRU can include a satellite and an NTN gateway. The satellite is used for radio frequency filtering and frequency conversion and amplification to ensure that the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged. That is, the satellite mainly acts as a Layer 1 (L1) relay device, used to regenerate physical layer signals (i.e., radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification), without other higher protocol layers. The NTN gateway supports all functions of forwarding new radio Uu (NR Uu) interface signals. The NR Uu interface is the interface between the terminal device and the base station in the protocol. For example, the network device in this embodiment can be... Figure 2 The base station in 2-1.

[0068] 2. In Figure 2 In the regenerative satellite architecture without inter-satellite link shown in Figure 2-2, the RAN includes satellites and NTN gateways. The satellite acts as a base station, possessing the processing functions of a base station; that is, the functions of a base station are deployed on the satellite. The NTN gateway is a transport network layer node and supports the corresponding transport protocols. The satellite and NTN gateway are connected via a satellite radio interface (SRI), with an NG interface carried over the SRI, responsible for higher-level information transmission. The NG interface serves as the interface between the 5G base station and the 5G core network, primarily exchanging core network signaling such as NAS, as well as user service data. For example, the network device in this embodiment could be... Figure 2 Satellite 2-2.

[0069] 3. In Figure 2 In the regenerative satellite architecture with inter-satellite link shown in Figure 2-3, and... Figure 2 Similar to 2-2, the difference is that multiple satellites can be connected via the Xn interface. The Xn interface is carried over the SRI (Xn over SRI). The Xn interface is the interface between base stations, mainly used for signaling interactions such as handover. For example, the network device in this embodiment can be... Figure 2 Satellites in 2-3.

[0070] 4. In Figure 2 In a regenerative satellite architecture with distributed unit (DU) processing capabilities for base stations, as shown in Figures 2-4, the satellite acts as a DU within the base station, jointly performing base station functions with the central unit (CU). An NTN gateway exists between the DU on the satellite and the CU on the ground. The NTN gateway is a transport network layer node that supports the corresponding transport protocols. The satellite and the NTN gateway are connected via an F1 interface, which is carried over the SRI (F1 over SRI). For example, the network device in this embodiment could be... Figure 2 gNB-DU and gNB-CU in 2-4.

[0071] In this application, the satellite may be, for example, a medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a high altitude platform station (HAPS), etc.

[0072] Before describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the relevant technical terms in the embodiments of this application will be explained first. It should be noted that these descriptions are for the purpose of making the embodiments of this application easier to understand, and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of protection claimed by this application.

[0073] I. System Information

[0074] System Information (SIB) is critical public information about the network configuration of a cell broadcast by network devices (such as gNBs) to all terminal devices within their coverage area. Terminal devices must successfully read the SIB after powering on, switching cells, or waking from sleep mode to correctly access the network. The SIB is periodically transmitted on the broadcast control channel and can be received by all terminal devices.

[0075] System information includes the main information block and the system information block (SIB). The main information block contains the most basic and critical information (such as system bandwidth and system frame number).

[0076] SIBs are further divided into SIB1 and SIBs above SIB1. SIB1 contains cell access-related information (such as cell identifier) ​​and scheduling information from other SIBs.

[0077] SIBs above SIB1 include, but are not limited to, the following: SIB2, SIB3 / SIB4 / SIB4, SIB14, and SIB19.

[0078] SIB19 is used to broadcast GNSS auxiliary data. Optionally, SIB19 may include: satellite ephemeris, providing precise satellite orbits and constant correction parameters; reference time information, providing high-precision time synchronization; common reference position information, providing coarse position information; and a list of visible satellites, informing terminal devices which satellites are visible over the current geographic area.

[0079] II. Random Access

[0080] Random access (RA) is a crucial process in wireless communication where a terminal device and a base station establish an initial connection. The terminal device needs to establish uplink synchronization with the base station through random access to establish a connection or restore the connection between the terminal device and the base station.

[0081] The triggering scenarios for random access include, but are not limited to, the following:

[0082] Initial access: Random access is triggered when a terminal device is powered on for the first time or attempts to access the network from a previously unconnected state.

[0083] The transition from RRC Idle to RRC Connected state is triggered when a terminal device transitions from RRC Idle to RRC Connected. For example, when a terminal device detects that it needs to send uplink data, the base station sends a paging message, requesting the terminal device to enter the Connected state.

[0084] Cell handover: When a terminal device moves from one cell to another target cell, it triggers random access to complete the handover process.

[0085] Cell reselection: When a terminal device is idle and the signal quality changes, it selects a new cell, triggering random access to establish a connection with the new cell. Random access can be divided into four-step random access and two-step random access.

[0086] The four-step random access process mainly includes the following steps:

[0087] Msg1: The terminal device sends a preamble (or PRACH) to the base station.

[0088] Msg2: The base station replies with a Random Access Response (RAR). This Msg2 includes a Temporary C-RNTI, which is used to temporarily identify the terminal device until a C-RNTI is officially assigned to the terminal device.

[0089] Msg3: The terminal device uses the uplink grant allocated in Msg2 to send an initial access message (such as RRCSetupRequest).

[0090] Msg4: The base station resolves contention, confirms the identity of the terminal device, and completes the access.

[0091] The two-step RA process mainly includes the following steps:

[0092] MsgA (Merged Msg1+Msg3): The terminal device simultaneously sends a preamble (or PRACH) and an initial access message (such as RRCSetupRequest).

[0093] MsgB (combined with Msg2 and Msg4): The base station replies with a Random Access Response (RAR), completing the access process.

[0094] When a terminal device performs random access, its location information needs to be determined based on the GNSS signal, and then the propagation delay compensation value and Doppler offset compensation value need to be calculated. Then, Msg1 or MsgA is transmitted based on these compensation values. If the GNSS signal fails (e.g., the terminal device is located in a tunnel, urban canyon, indoor environment, or encounters malicious interference, etc.), the terminal device can only determine the propagation delay compensation value and Doppler offset compensation value based on the common reference position information (CRISPR) sent by the network device (e.g., satellite). Because there is a discrepancy between this CRISPR and the actual location information of the terminal device, the propagation delay compensation value and Doppler offset compensation value determined by the terminal device based on the CRISPR are inaccurate, resulting in a low access success rate for the terminal device.

[0095] For example, the common reference location information (CPR) is the location information of a point within a city. All terminal devices in that city whose GNSS signals have failed determine their propagation delay compensation and Doppler frequency offset compensation values ​​based on this CPR. If the CPR is the location information of the city's center point, and terminal device A is located on the city's edge, after terminal device A's GNSS signal fails, the compensation value determined by terminal device A using this CPR will have a significant deviation. This inaccurate compensation value will cause the Msg1 or MsgA transmitted by the terminal device to misalign with the network device's receiving window in both the time and frequency domains. The network device will then fail to receive Msg1 or MsgA, resulting in initial access failure. Furthermore, the network device will configure an extremely large receiving window to blindly search for signals potentially transmitted from terminal devices in any location. This significantly wastes the network device's computing resources and increases detection latency.

[0096] To address this issue, this application provides a communication method that, by configuring an inference model for the terminal device, enables the terminal device to estimate its current location information or compensation value based on the inference model and signal measurement results when the GNSS signal fails. This improves the success rate of terminal device access.

[0097] The following is combined with Figure 3 The communication method provided in the embodiments of this application will be further described. It is understood that this application uses terminal devices and network devices as examples to illustrate the execution of the interaction, but it does not limit the execution subject of the interaction. For example, the method executed by the network device in this application can also be executed by a module applied to the network device (e.g., a chip, chip system, or processor), or by a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the network device's functions; similarly, the method executed by the terminal device in this application can also be executed by a module applied to the terminal device (e.g., a chip, chip system, or processor), or by a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal device's functions. Wherein:

[0098] 301. The network device sends first system information, which includes a first inference model. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first system information.

[0099] Optionally, the first system information is SIB19.

[0100] In one possible embodiment, the first inference model is a mapping relationship between signal measurement results and location information. In SIB19, different location information corresponding to different signal measurement results is configured for the terminal device.

[0101] Alternatively, the first reasoning mode is a mapping relationship between signal measurement results and compensation values. In SIB19, different compensation values ​​corresponding to different signal measurement results are configured for the terminal device.

[0102] In one possible embodiment, the first inference model is a first formula, the independent variable of which is the signal measurement result, and the dependent variable of which is the location information.

[0103] Alternatively, the independent variable of the first formula is the signal measurement result, and the dependent variable of the first formula is the compensation value.

[0104] 302. The network device sends a first reference signal, and the first inference model and the first signal measurement result corresponding to the first reference signal are used to determine a first compensation value. The first compensation value includes a propagation delay compensation value and a Doppler offset compensation value. The first compensation value is used to send a random access request message.

[0105] Optionally, the first reference signal includes a synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0106] Optionally, the random access request message can be either Msg1 or MsgA.

[0107] 303. The terminal equipment measures the first reference signal and obtains the measurement result of the first signal.

[0108] In one possible embodiment, the first signal measurement results include the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the first reference signal and the Doppler offset of the first reference signal.

[0109] In one possible embodiment, when the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is in an invalid positioning state, the terminal device measures a first reference signal to obtain a first signal measurement result.

[0110] Optionally, the first signal measurement result is the real-time RSRP and Doppler offset of the SSB of the currently received serving cell, measured by the terminal device when the GNSS positioning state is in an invalid positioning state.

[0111] Alternatively, the first signal measurement result is the real-time RSRP and Doppler offset of the serving cell's SSB measured at the previous moment when the terminal device is in a GNSS positioning invalid state.

[0112] 304. When the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is invalid, the terminal device determines a first compensation value based on the first inference model and the first signal measurement result. The first compensation value includes a propagation delay compensation value and a Doppler offset compensation value.

[0113] Optionally, the GNSS positioning status is either an invalid positioning status or a GNSS signal limitation status. This invalid positioning status can also be referred to as GNSS failure.

[0114] In one possible embodiment, the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is invalid in the following scenarios: in indoor or underground parking lots where GNSS is ineffective; the terminal device cannot be equipped with a GNSS module (e.g., a low-cost IoT terminal); the terminal device has not enabled the GNSS module.

[0115] In one possible embodiment, the first compensation value is determined based on first location information, which is the location information output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model; or, the first compensation value is the compensation value output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model.

[0116] Optionally, the first location information includes the distance between the terminal device and the network device, and / or the orientation angle between the terminal device and the network device.

[0117] Optionally, the terminal device inputs the first signal measurement result into the first inference model to obtain the first location information; the terminal device determines the first compensation value based on the first location information.

[0118] Optionally, the first compensation value includes: a compensation value for propagation delay and / or a compensation value for Doppler frequency offset.

[0119] 305. The terminal device sends a random access request message based on the first compensation value.

[0120] Optionally, the terminal device compensates the sending parameters of the random access request based on the first compensation value before sending the random access request message.

[0121] Optionally, the terminal device sends a random access request message based on the propagation delay compensation value and the Plønny frequency offset compensation value. Alternatively, the terminal device sends a random access request message based on the propagation delay compensation value. Alternatively, the terminal device sends a random access request message based on the Plønny frequency offset compensation value.

[0122] In one possible embodiment, the random access request message is message Msg1; after the terminal device sends the random access request message based on the first compensation value, the method further includes: the terminal device receiving Msg2 sent from the network device; the terminal device sending Msg3, Msg3 including first location information, the first location information being used to determine the beam direction of Msg4.

[0123] Optionally, when constructing the Msg3 medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU), the terminal device generates a first medium access control control element (MAC CE), which includes first location information. This first MAC CE can be named FingerprintFeedback-MAC-CE, or any other name; this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0124] Optionally, the network device resolves the first MAC CE and obtains the first location information. Based on the first location information, the network device adjusts the beam direction and / or power of Msg4. This adjustment is relative to Msg2. The adjusted beam direction and power of Msg4 are more suitable and accurate compared to Msg2.

[0125] Optionally, the network device establishes an initial context containing prior location information for the terminal device. This initial context can be used for subsequent resource scheduling. For example, the network device stores the first location information reported by the terminal device, and when the network device sends scheduling information later, it determines the beam direction for sending the scheduling information based on the first location information.

[0126] Before applying the first inference model, the network device needs to collect sufficient data to train the first inference model. In one possible embodiment, when the terminal device's GNSS positioning is active and the terminal device is connected, the terminal device receives a first message requesting training data for training the first inference model; the terminal device measures a second reference signal to obtain a second signal measurement result; the terminal device sends a second message including the second signal measurement result and a third location information corresponding to the second signal measurement result. The second signal measurement result and the third location information are used to train the first inference model, and the third location information is determined based on the GNSS signal.

[0127] Optionally, the network device collects data from one or more terminal devices that are connected and have GNSS available.

[0128] Optionally, the first message is a UEInformationRequest RRC message.

[0129] Optionally, the first message includes a request flag that instructs the terminal device to send training data for training the first inference model.

[0130] Optionally, the request flag can be represented by fingerprintInfoReq-r20.

[0131] Optionally, the first message is sent to the terminal device via a downlink signaling bearer.

[0132] Optionally, the training data includes, but is not limited to: signal measurement results measured by the terminal device and terminal location information determined by the terminal device based on GNSS signals.

[0133] Optionally, the second message is the UEInformationResponse RRC message.

[0134] Optionally, the second message includes a first container (or a first information unit IE) which encapsulates the training data reported by the terminal device.

[0135] Optionally, the first container can be represented by fingerprintInfo-r20.

[0136] Optionally, the second message is sent to the network device via an uplink signaling bearer.

[0137] In one possible embodiment, the network device collects data from one or more connected terminal devices that have GNSS availability, according to a preset collection strategy. This collection strategy includes, but is not limited to, situations where the model's database is empty, data in the database is invalid (e.g., data in the database has been stored for more than a preset time), or the network device detects performance degradation (random access success rate, GNSS failure rate), etc.

[0138] Optionally, the wireless resource manager module of the network device collects data from one or more terminal devices that are connected and have GNSS availability, according to a preset collection strategy.

[0139] The training process and application process of the first inference model are described below.

[0140] I. Training process of the first inference model.

[0141] Please refer to the training process of this first inference model. Figure 4a As shown. Wherein:

[0142] 401. The network device decides to collect training data according to the preset collection strategy.

[0143] Optionally, the collection strategy may include, but is not limited to, the following: the model's database is empty, the data in the database is invalid (e.g., the data in the database has been stored for more than a preset time), and the network device detects a performance degradation (random access success rate, GNSS failure rate), etc.

[0144] For example, when a network device detects that the random access success rate of terminal devices in a cell is lower than a preset threshold, the network device decides to collect training data.

[0145] Optionally, network devices may prioritize sending the first message to terminal devices in geographically sparse locations.

[0146] Optionally, network devices can send the first message to terminal devices at different times. Sampling at different times (day / night / weekday / weekend) can avoid short-term fluctuations caused by environmental factors such as weather and the ionosphere.

[0147] 402. The network device sends a first message, which requests training data for training the first inference model. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first message.

[0148] Optionally, the first message is a UEInformationRequest RRC message.

[0149] Optionally, the first message includes a request flag that instructs the terminal device to send training data for training the first inference model.

[0150] Optionally, the request flag can be represented by fingerprintInfoReq-r20.

[0151] Optionally, the first message is sent to the terminal device via a downlink signaling bearer.

[0152] Optionally, the training data includes, but is not limited to: signal measurement results measured by the terminal device and terminal location information determined by the terminal device based on GNSS signals.

[0153] Optionally, the first message includes first configuration information, which is used to indicate the training data reported by the terminal device. Specifically, the first configuration information is used to indicate whether the terminal device needs to report the measured offset value of Doppler shift, whether the terminal device needs to report terminal location information, whether the terminal device needs to report timestamps, etc.

[0154] For example, the structure of the first message is as follows:

[0155] UEInformationRequest-IEs ::= SEQUENCE {

[0156] -- NTN fingerprint information collection request

[0157] fingerprintInfoReq-r20FingerprintInfoReportConfig-r2OPTIONAL, -- NeedN

[0158] nonCriticalExtensionSEQUENCE {}OPTIONAL

[0159] }

[0160] FingerprintInfoReportConfig-r20 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0161] -- Should downlink Doppler frequency offset measurements be included?

[0162] includeDoppler-r20ENUMERATED {true}OPTIONAL, -- Need N

[0163] -- Is it necessary to include GNSS location information?

[0164] includeLocation-r20ENUMERATED {

[0165] gnssOnly, -- GNSS positioning results only

[0166] anyAvailable -- Any available positioning method

[0167] }OPTIONAL, -- Need N

[0168] -- Do you need a timestamp?

[0169] includeTimeStamp-r20ENUMERATED {true}OPTIONAL, -- Need N

[0170] -- Optional: Specify the SSB index to measure (if data for a specific beam is required)

[0171] targetSSB-Index-r20SSB-IndexOPTIONAL-- Need N

[0172] }

[0173] Among them, FingerprintInfoReportConfig-r20 is the first configuration information.

[0174] For example, when includeDoppler-r20 is true, the training data reported by the terminal device needs to include measurements of Doppler shift.

[0175] For example, when includeLocation-r20 is set to gnssOnly, the training data reported by the terminal device needs to include terminal location information based on GNSS signals; or when includeLocation-r20 is set to anyAvailable, the training data reported by the terminal device needs to include terminal location information determined by any available positioning method.

[0176] For example, when includeTimeStamp-r20 is true, the training data reported by the terminal device needs to include timestamps.

[0177] 403. The terminal device responds to the first message and determines the training data.

[0178] 403.1 The terminal equipment measures the second reference signal and obtains the measurement result of the second signal.

[0179] Optionally, after receiving the first message, the terminal device immediately triggers a new measurement. The terminal device actively measures the RSRP and Doppler offset of the second reference signal.

[0180] Optionally, the second reference signal can be the SSB indicated by the SSB-Index corresponding to targetSSB-Index-r20 in the first configuration information mentioned above. That is, the terminal device measures the SSB specified by SSB-Index.

[0181] Optionally, the second reference signal is the SSB corresponding to the current serving cell.

[0182] Optionally, the second signal measurement result includes the measured value of the Doppler offset of the second reference signal and the measured value of the RSRP of the second reference signal.

[0183] 403.2 The terminal equipment determines the third location information, which is determined based on GNSS signals.

[0184] Optionally, when includeLocation-r20 in the first configuration information is set to gnssOnly, the terminal device determines the third location information.

[0185] Optionally, the terminal device determines the fourth location information (terminal location information determined by methods other than GNSS). The terminal device determines the fourth location information when includeLocation-r20 in the first configuration information is set to anyAvailable.

[0186] Optionally, the terminal device will determine the third location information and the fourth location information. When reporting, the terminal device will select the third location information or the fourth location information to report based on the first configuration information.

[0187] 403.3. Terminal devices obtain the current timestamp.

[0188] Optionally, if the first configuration information is true, the terminal device will report the obtained timestamp.

[0189] 404. The terminal device sends a second message to the network device. The second message includes the second signal measurement result and the third location information corresponding to the second signal measurement result.

[0190] Optionally, the second signal measurement result and the third location information are the signal measurement result and location information under the same timestamp.

[0191] Optionally, the second message is the UEInformationResponse RRC message.

[0192] Optionally, the second message includes a first container (or a first information unit IE) which encapsulates the training data reported by the terminal device.

[0193] Optionally, the first container can be represented by fingerprintInfo-r20.

[0194] Optionally, the second message is sent to the network device via an uplink signaling bearer.

[0195] For example, the structure of the second message is as follows:

[0196] UEInformationResponse-IEs ::= SEQUENCE {

[0197] fingerprintInfo-r20FingerprintInfo-r20OPTIONAL,

[0198] nonCriticalExtensionSEQUENCE {}OPTIONAL

[0199] }

[0200] -- The complete structure of fingerprint information

[0201] FingerprintInfo-r20 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0202] -- 1. SSB Measurement Results (Serving Cell)

[0203] measResultSSB-r20MeasResultSSB-r20,

[0204] -- 2. Location Information

[0205] locationInfo-r20LocationInfo-r20OPTIONAL,

[0206] -- 3. UTC timestamp of the measurement time

[0207] timeStamp-r20UTC-Time-r20OPTIONAL

[0208] }

[0209] -- Detailed structure of SSB measurement results

[0210] MeasResultSSB-r20 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0211] physCellIdPhysCellId,

[0212] ssb-Index

[0213] ssb-RSRPRSRP-Range,

[0214] ssb-RSRQRSRQ-RangeOPTIONAL,

[0215] ssb-SINRSINR-RangeOPTIONAL,

[0216] -- Downlink Doppler frequency deviation

[0217] downlinkDoppler-r20DopplerShift-r20OPTIONAL

[0218] }

[0219] DopplerShift-r20 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0220] dopplerValue-r20INTEGER (-131072..131071),

[0221] measurementAccuracy-r20ENUMERATED {

[0222] high, --<10 Hz

[0223] medium, -- 10-50 Hz

[0224] low --> 50 Hz

[0225] }OPTIONAL

[0226] }

[0227] -- Third position information

[0228] LocationInfo-r20 ::= CHOICE {

[0229] gnssLocation-r20SEQUENCE {

[0230] latitude-r20INTEGER (-8388608..8388607), -- 23 bits, accuracy approximately 1.2 meters.

[0231] longitude-r20INTEGER (-8388608..8388607),

[0232] altitude-r20INTEGER (-32768..32767)OPTIONAL,-- Unit: meters

[0233] horizontalAccuracy-r20INTEGER (0..127)OPTIONAL-- Unit: meters

[0234] },

[0235] coarseLocation-r20CoarseLocationInfo-r17, -- Reuse Rel-17 definition ...

[0236] }

[0237] -- Timestamp

[0238] UTC-Time-r20 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0239] utcTimeSeconds-r20INTEGER (0..549755813887), -- Reuses the scope of t-Service-r17

[0240] subSecondPrecision-r20INTEGER (0..999)OPTIONAL

[0241] }

[0242] The UEInformationResponse (second message) includes a container named fingerprintInfo-r20. FingerprintInfo-r20 encapsulates measResultSSB-r20 (second signal measurement result), locationInfo-r20 (third location information), and locationInfo-r20 (timestamp).

[0243] The second signal measurement results include ssb-RSRP (the RSRP measurement of the second reference signal) and downlinkDoppler-r20 (the Doppler offset measurement of the second reference signal).

[0244] Optionally, if the first configuration information in the first message above is configured to include the measurement value of Doppler offset, location information and timestamp, the second message carries the measurement value of Doppler offset (downlinkDoppler-r20 in MeasResultSSB-r20), location information (LocationInfo-r20) and timestamp (UTC-Time-r20).

[0245] Optionally, the terminal device encapsulates the RSRP measurement, the Leys offset measurement, and the third location information in a fingerprintInfo-r20 container.

[0246] 405. Network devices extract training data for the second message.

[0247] Optionally, the network device continuously collects and stores training data from different terminal devices.

[0248] 405.1 The network device stores the training data into the inference model library.

[0249] 406. Network device training model.

[0250] Optionally, when there is sufficient data (the amount of data in the inference model library is greater than a preset threshold), the network device uses the inference model library for model training.

[0251] The first inference model has two forms: lookup table and fitting formula.

[0252] Lookup table: A mapping between signal measurement results and location information. Alternatively, a mapping between signal measurement results and compensation values.

[0253] In one possible embodiment, the network device trains a model, including: the network device discretizing a continuous geographic space to obtain multiple regions; the network device setting a data filter to filter data (RSRP measurements and Doppler offset measurements) in the inference model library, wherein the filtered data meets preset training data conditions; and determining the mapping relationship between each region and the RSRP and Doppler offset measurements.

[0254] For example, suppose the first inference model is as follows:

[0255] Region 1 — {RSRP: [-99dBm, -91dBm], Doppler offset: [14880Hz, 15120Hz]};

[0256] Region 2 — {RSRP: [-90dBm, -82dBm], Doppler offset: [15121Hz, 15361Hz]};

[0257] Region 3 — {RSRP: [-81dBm, -73dBm], Doppler offset: [15362Hz, 15602Hz]}.

[0258] Fitting formula: The signal measurement results (RSRP measurement value and Doppler offset measurement value) are the independent variables, and the location information is the dependent variable. Alternatively, the signal measurement results are the independent variables, and the compensation value is the dependent variable.

[0259] For example, the location information is distance and orientation angle, and the fitting formula is as follows:

[0260]

[0261]

[0262] In one possible embodiment, the network device trains the model by: the network device using data from an inference model library as a training set; the network device using the measured values ​​of RSRP and Doppler offset as input features, i.e., {RSRP, Doppler offset} as input features; and the network device using the terminal location information {distance, orientation angle} determined based on GNSS signals reported by the terminal device as labels to train the model.

[0263] Optionally, the network device uses the data in the inference model library as a training set, including: the network device dividing the data in the inference model library into a training set and a test set; and the network device calculating the mean absolute error and root mean square error as evaluation metrics based on the training set and the test set.

[0264] Optionally, the network device divides the data in the inference model library into a training set and a test set, including: the network device uses 80% of the data in the inference model library as the training set and the network device uses 20% of the data in the inference model library as the test set.

[0265] II. The application process of the first reasoning model.

[0266] The application process of this first reasoning model can be found in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4b As shown. Wherein:

[0267] 410. The network device sends first system information, which instructs the first inference model. Accordingly, the terminal device receives the first system information.

[0268] Optionally, the first system information is SIB19.

[0269] Optionally, this first system information is broadcast periodically by the network device.

[0270] In one possible embodiment, the structure of the SIB19 is as follows:

[0271] SIB19-r17 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0272] ntn-Config-r17NTN-Config-r17OPTIONAL,

[0273] t-Service-r17INTEGER (0..549755813887)OPTIONAL,

[0274] referenceLocation-r17ReferenceLocation-r17OPTIONAL,

[0275] distanceThresh-r17INTEGER(0..65525)OPTIONAL,

[0276] ntn-NeighCellConfigList-r17NTN-NeighCellConfigList-r17OPTIONAL,

[0277] lateNonCriticalExtensionOCTET STRINGOPTIONAL, ..., [[

[0279] ntn-NeighCellConfigListExt-v1720 NTN-NeighCellConfigList-r17OPTIONAL

[0280] ]], [[

[0282] movingReferenceLocation-r18ReferenceLocation-r17OPTIONAL,

[0283] ntnCovEnh-r18NTN-CovEnh-r18OPTIONAL,

[0284] satSwitchWithReSync-r18SatSwitchWithReSync-r18OPTIONAL

[0285] ]], [[

[0287] fingerprintValidityInfo-r20FingerprintValidityInfo-r20OPTIONAL ]]

[0289] }

[0290] In SIB19, fingerprintValidityInfo-r20 is a newly added first information unit that carries a first inference model. This first information unit can be named anything other than fingerprintValidityInfo-r20. For example, it could also be called adaptiveRegionConfig-r20, RegionInfo-r20, FingerprintFormulaCoeffs-r20, etc., and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0291] For example, in the case where the first reasoning model is a lookup table, the first information unit is as follows:

[0292] RegionInfo-r20 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0293] regionID-r20INTEGER(0..15),-- 4 bits

[0294] -- Fingerprint characteristics: RSRP range

[0295] rsrpRange-r20SEQUENCE {

[0296] -- Baseline RSRP value (range center point)

[0297] rsrp-Base-r20RSRP-Range,-- 7 bits

[0298] -- Range radius (± offset)

[0299] -- For example: base=-95, span=4 indicates a range of [-99, -91] dBm

[0300] rsrp-Span-r20INTEGER(0..31)-- 5 bits

[0301] },

[0302] -- Fingerprint characteristics: Doppler frequency offset range

[0303] dopplerRange-r20SEQUENCE {

[0304] -- Reference Doppler value (Hz)

[0305] doppler-Base-r20INTEGER(-131072..131071),-- 18 bits

[0306] -- Range radius (Hz)

[0307] -- For example: base=15000, span=120 means the range is [14880, 15120] Hz

[0308] doppler-Span-r20INTEGER(0..255)-- 8 bits

[0309] }

[0310] }

[0311] The first information unit contains 4 bits (regionID-r20) used to configure a location identifier (regionID). This lookup table provides up to 15 locations and 15 ranges (RSRP range and Doppler offset range) for the terminal device to compare. Specifically, based on the measured RSRP and Doppler offset, the terminal device determines the range of the RSRP and Doppler offset from the 15 ranges configured in the first information unit, and then determines the corresponding location identifier based on that range. One location identifier corresponds to one location information.

[0312] In the first information unit, rsrpRange-r20 configures the RSRP range. Optionally, 7 bits (rsrp-Base-r20) in rsrpRange-r20 are used to configure the base RSRP range, i.e., the center point of the RSRP range. 5 bits (rsrp-Span-r20) in rsrpRange-r20 are used to configure the RSRP range radius.

[0313] The first information unit, dopplerRange-r20, configures the Doppler offset (hereinafter referred to as Doppler) range. Optionally, 18 bits (doppler-Base-r20) in dopplerRange-r20 configure the reference Doppler range, i.e., the center point of the Doppler range. 8 bits (doppler-Span-r20) in dopplerRange-r20 are used to configure the Doppler radius range.

[0314] For example, in the case where the first inference model is a fitted formula, the first information unit is as follows:

[0315] FingerprintFormulaCoeffs-r20 ::= SEQUENCE {

[0316] -- The five coefficients of the distance inference formula (a0, a1, a2, a3, a4)

[0317] -- Distance = a0 + a1*RSRP + a2*RSRP^2 + a3*Doppler + a4*Doppler^2

[0318] distanceCoeffs-r20SEQUENCE (SIZE(5)) OF CompactCoeff-r20,-- 65 bits

[0319] -- The five coefficients (b0, b1, b2, b3, b4) of the direction angle deduction formula

[0320] -- Azimuth = b0 + b1*RSRP + b2*RSRP^2 + b3*Doppler + b4*Doppler^2

[0321] azimuthCoeffs-r20SEQUENCE (SIZE(5)) OF CompactCoeff-r20-- 65 bits

[0322] }

[0323] In the first information unit, 65 bits are used to configure the distance inference formula, and 65 bits are used to configure the direction angle inference formula.

[0324] 411. The terminal device detected a GNSS failure.

[0325] Optionally, if the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is invalid, the terminal device detects GNSS failure. Alternatively, if the terminal device cannot receive GNSS signals, the terminal device detects GNSS failure.

[0326] 412. The terminal device decodes the cached first system information and obtains the first inference model.

[0327] 413. The terminal equipment measures the first reference signal and obtains the measurement result of the first signal.

[0328] Optionally, step 413 can be referred to the description in step 303 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0329] 414. The terminal device determines the first compensation value based on the first inference model and the first signal measurement results.

[0330] Optionally, step 414 can be referred to the description in step 304 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0331] 415. The terminal device sends Msg1 based on the first compensation value. Correspondingly, the network device receives Msg2.

[0332] 416. The network device sends Msg2. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives Msg2.

[0333] 417. The terminal device sends Msg3, which includes the first location information. Correspondingly, the network device receives Msg3.

[0334] 418. The network device sends Msg4. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives Msg4.

[0335] In one possible embodiment, the terminal device retains the most recently received cached first system information. When the network device updates the first inference model, the network device broadcasts the first system information, and the terminal device caches this first system information carrying the updated inference model. This allows the terminal device to use the updated inference model when it detects a GNSS failure again.

[0336] The above Figure 4b In the first system information broadcast periodically, a first inference model is included. In another embodiment, the network device can configure the first inference model for terminal devices as needed based on the current network status. Optionally, when the network status is good, the network device does not carry the first inference model in the SIB19 (first system information) it sends; when the network status is poor, predicting that some terminal devices may experience GNSS failure, the network device carries the first inference model in the SIB19 (first system information) it sends. This saves SIB19 transmission resources. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 4c The method for sending the first inference model on demand will be further described.

[0337] 420. Network devices detect network status.

[0338] In one possible embodiment, the network device detects network status, including: the network device monitors the success rate of random access PRACH.

[0339] Optionally, network devices can detect network status, including: network devices monitoring GNSS failure rate.

[0340] 421. When a network device detects a deterioration in network status, it adds a first inference model to the first system information.

[0341] In one possible embodiment, the network device detects a deterioration in network conditions, including: the network device monitors a random access success rate that is less than a preset threshold. Alternatively, the network device monitors a decrease in the random access success rate.

[0342] Optionally, the network device detects a deterioration in network conditions, including: the network device detects a GNSS failure rate greater than a preset threshold; or, the network device detects an increase in the GNSS failure rate.

[0343] 422. Send first system information, the first system information indicating a first inference model, the first system information including a first indication, the first indication being used to indicate that the first system information carries the first inference model.

[0344] Optionally, the first system information is SIB19, and the first indication is a newly added field (valueTag field) in SIB19.

[0345] For example, if the valueTag field in the SIB19 is 0, it indicates that the SIB19 does not carry a first inference model. If the valueTag field in the SIB19 is 1, it indicates that the SIB19 carries a first inference model.

[0346] 423. The terminal device detects the first instruction in the first system information, and rereads and caches the first system information.

[0347] Optionally, if the terminal device detects that the valueTag field is 1, it will reread the first system information and cache it.

[0348] 424. The terminal device detected a GNSS failure.

[0349] Optionally, if the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is invalid, the terminal device detects GNSS failure. Alternatively, if the terminal device cannot receive GNSS signals, the terminal device detects GNSS failure.

[0350] 425. The terminal device decodes the cached first system information and obtains the first inference model.

[0351] 426. The terminal equipment measures the first reference signal and obtains the measurement result of the first signal.

[0352] Optionally, step 413 can be referred to the description in step 303 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0353] 427. The terminal device determines the first compensation value based on the first inference model and the first signal measurement results.

[0354] Optionally, step 414 can be referred to the description in step 304 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0355] 428. The terminal device sends Msg1 based on the first compensation value. Correspondingly, the network device receives Msg2.

[0356] 429. The network device sends Msg2. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives Msg2.

[0357] 430. The terminal device sends Msg3, which includes the first location information. Correspondingly, the network device receives Msg3.

[0358] 431. The network device sends Msg4. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives Msg4.

[0359] During the application of the first inference model, the network device can update the first inference model based on feedback from the terminal device. This first inference model helps the terminal device more accurately determine its location information when GNSS fails. The closer the location information determined by the first inference model is to the location information determined by GNSS, the better the inference effect of the first inference model. Based on the above, this application also provides a process for updating the first inference model, which is described below. Figure 5 The update process of the first inference model is described. Specifically:

[0360] 501. The terminal device detected that the GNSS positioning status has switched from positioning failure to positioning success.

[0361] Optionally, GNSS positioning recovery can be performed on the terminal device. In this case, the terminal device can determine its location information based on GNSS signals.

[0362] 502. The terminal equipment determines the terminal location information based on GNSS signals.

[0363] 503. The terminal device determines the first confidence level based on the terminal location information determined by the GNSS signal and the terminal location information determined by the first inference model.

[0364] Optionally, the time stamp A corresponding to the terminal location information determined based on the GNSS signal and the time stamp B corresponding to the terminal location information determined by the first inference model shall have a difference between the time stamp A and the time stamp B not exceeding a first threshold.

[0365] Optionally, if the difference between timestamp A and timestamp B exceeds a first threshold, the terminal device does not need to determine the first confidence level.

[0366] Because terminal devices may move in real-world scenarios, there is an inherent difference between the actual location A of the terminal device when GNSS is restored and the actual location B of the terminal device when the location information is determined based on the first inference model. That is, in this mobile scenario, the determined confidence level is inaccurate. Even if the first inference model performs well, the presence of this mobile scenario may cause network devices to mistakenly determine that the low initial confidence level is due to poor inference performance of the first inference model. Limiting this timestamp difference avoids the aforementioned problem.

[0367] Optionally, for mobile terminal devices, the terminal device determines a first compensation difference based on its own speed and acceleration; the terminal device uses this first compensation difference as a basis.

[0368] Optionally, for mobile terminal devices, the terminal device determines a first compensation difference based on its own speed and acceleration; the terminal device determines a first confidence level based on the first compensation difference, the terminal location information determined based on the GNSS signal, and the terminal location information determined by the first inference model.

[0369] Optionally, the first compensation value difference is determined based on timestamp A, timestamp B, its own velocity, and acceleration.

[0370] 504. The terminal device sends the first confidence level. Correspondingly, the network device receives the first confidence level.

[0371] 505. Based on the first confidence level, the network device determines that the first inference model needs to be updated.

[0372] Optionally, the network device collects confidence scores reported by multiple terminal devices. If the network device finds that the average confidence score reported by multiple terminal devices is lower than a preset threshold 1, it determines that the first inference model needs to be updated. Alternatively, if the network device finds that the number of confidence scores lower than the preset threshold 1 is greater than a preset threshold 2, it determines that the first inference model needs to be updated.

[0373] 506. The network device sends a first message, which requests training data for training the first inference model. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first message.

[0374] Optionally, after determining that the first inference model needs to be updated, the network device sends a first message to the terminal devices in the cell to collect training data for updating the first inference model.

[0375] This step 506 can be referred to in the description of step 402 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0376] 507. The terminal device sends a second message to the network device. The second message includes the signal measurement result and the terminal location information corresponding to the signal measurement result.

[0377] Optionally, the signal measurement result can be the second signal measurement result from step 404 above. The terminal location information can be the third location information from step 404 above.

[0378] This step 507 can be referred to in the description of step 404 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0379] 508. The network device updates the parameters of the first inference model based on the signal measurement results and the corresponding terminal location information.

[0380] 509. The network device sends the first system information, which indicates the updated first inference model.

[0381] Optionally, the first system information can be SIB19, which can be broadcast periodically. This step 509 can be referred to in the description of step 410 above.

[0382] Optionally, the first system information can be SIB19, which carries the first inference model and can be sent on demand. In the event of an update to the first inference model, the network device adds the updated first inference model to the SIB19.

[0383] In one possible embodiment, the network device that initiates random access for the terminal device and the network device that configures the first inference model for the terminal device can be two different network devices. For example... Figure 6 As shown, network device A trains a first inference model and configures it for the terminal device. The terminal device applies this first inference model when accessing network device B. For example, if the terminal device needs to access network device B when GNSS fails, it determines a first compensation value based on the first inference model configured in network device A; the terminal device then initiates random access to network device B based on this first compensation value.

[0384] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, at the first moment, the terminal device connects to network device A (e.g., a satellite or ground base station). Network device A configures the first inference model for the terminal device.

[0385] Optionally, network device A can perform the above steps. Figure 4a The steps performed by the network device. And / or network device A performs the above. Figure 4b Step 410 in the above. And / or network device A performs the above. Figure 4c Steps 420, 421, and 422 in the process.

[0386] At the second moment, the GNSS of the terminal device fails, and the terminal device performs cell handover (the terminal device needs to access network device B). Based on the first inference model configured in network device A, the terminal device determines the first compensation value; based on the first compensation value, the terminal device initiates random access to network device B.

[0387] Optionally, network device B can perform the above. Figure 4b Steps 415 to 418 in the above process. And / or network device B can perform the above. Figure 4c Steps 428 to 431 in the text.

[0388] Optionally, when the terminal device is moving at high speed, the terminal device determines its location information based on the first inference module and the first signal measurement results. For example, in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) scenario, the terminal device is a vehicle. When the vehicle is moving at high speed, it can quickly infer the direction and speed of movement of the terminal device by measuring the reference signals of surrounding base stations (network devices) and feed this information back to the network device. This helps the network device to more accurately predict the next optimal serving beam, achieving smoother beam switching with lower latency.

[0389] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 As shown, the communication device 700 may include a transceiver module 710 and a processing module 720. The transceiver module 710 can implement corresponding communication functions, which can be internal communication functions of the communication device 700 or communication functions between the communication device 700 and other devices.

[0390] In one possible design, the communication device 700 may correspond to the terminal device in the above method embodiments, or to a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the terminal device. The communication device 700 can be used to perform the steps or processes performed by the terminal device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0391] For example, the transceiver module 710 is used to receive first system information, which indicates a first inference model; measure a first reference signal, and obtain a first signal measurement result.

[0392] The processing module 720 is used to determine a first compensation value based on a first inference model and a first signal measurement result when the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is an invalid positioning status. The first compensation value includes a propagation delay compensation value and a Doppler offset compensation value.

[0393] The transceiver module 710 is also used to send a random access request message based on the first compensation value.

[0394] In one possible embodiment, the first compensation value is determined based on first location information, which is the location information output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model; or, the first compensation value is the compensation value output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model.

[0395] In one possible embodiment, the transceiver module 710 is further configured to receive Msg2 sent from the network device and send Msg3, Msg3 including first location information, the first location information being used to determine the beam direction of Msg4.

[0396] In one possible embodiment, the transceiver module 710 is further configured to send a first confidence level when the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is in an active positioning state. The first confidence level is used to determine whether to update the first inference model. The first confidence level is determined based on the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on the GNSS signal.

[0397] In one possible embodiment, the first confidence level is determined by the offset between the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on the GNSS signal.

[0398] In one possible embodiment, the transceiver module 710 is further configured to receive a first message when the GNSS positioning state of the terminal device is in a positioning active state and the terminal device is in a connected state, the first message being used to request training data for training a first inference model; measure a second reference signal to obtain a second signal measurement result; and send a second message, the second message including the second signal measurement result and the third location information corresponding to the second signal measurement result, the second signal measurement result and the third location information being used to train the first inference model, the third location information being determined based on the GNSS signal.

[0399] In one possible embodiment, the first signal measurement results include the reference signal received power RSRP of the first reference signal and the Doppler offset of the first reference signal.

[0400] In one possible design, the communication device 700 may correspond to the network device in the above method embodiments, or to a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the network device. The communication device 700 can be used to perform the steps or processes performed by the network device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0401] For example, the transceiver module 710 is used to send first system information, which includes a first inference model; send a first reference signal, wherein the first inference model and the first reference signal corresponding to the first signal measurement result are used to determine a first compensation value, which includes a propagation delay compensation value and a Doppler offset compensation value, and the first compensation value is used to send a random access request message; and receive a random access request message from a terminal device.

[0402] In one possible embodiment, the first compensation value is determined based on first location information, which is the location information output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model; or, the first compensation value is the compensation value output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model.

[0403] In one possible embodiment, the transceiver module 710 is configured to transmit Msg2 and receive Msg3 from the terminal device, Msg3 including first location information used to determine the beam direction of Msg4.

[0404] In one possible embodiment, the transceiver module 710 is configured to receive a first confidence level from the terminal device. The first confidence level is used to determine whether to update the first inference model. The first confidence level is determined based on the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on the GNSS signal.

[0405] In one possible embodiment, the first confidence level is determined by the offset between the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on the GNSS signal.

[0406] In one possible embodiment, the transceiver module 710 is configured to send a first message, the first message being used to request training data for training a first inference model; send a second reference signal; and receive a second message, the second message including a second signal measurement result corresponding to the second reference signal and third position information corresponding to the second signal measurement result, the second signal measurement result and the third position information being used to train the first inference model, the third position information being determined based on GNSS signals.

[0407] In one possible embodiment, the first signal measurement results include the reference signal received power RSRP of the first reference signal and the Doppler offset of the first reference signal.

[0408] Figure 8 This is another structural schematic diagram of the communication device 800 provided in the embodiments of this application. The communication device 800 may be a terminal device or network device (network device / core network) implementing the above methods, such as a chip, chip system, or processor. The communication device 800 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0409] like Figure 8 As shown, the communication device 800 may include one or more processors 810, which may also be referred to as processing units or processing modules, and can implement certain control functions. The processor 810 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device 800 (e.g., a base station, baseband chip, user, user chip), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs.

[0410] In an alternative design, the processor 810 may also store instructions and / or data that can be executed by the processor 810 to cause the communication device 800 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0411] In another alternative design, the communication device 800 may include a communication interface 820 for implementing receiving and transmitting functions. For example, the communication interface 820 may be a transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver. The transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver for implementing receiving and transmitting functions may be separate or integrated. The aforementioned transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver may be used for reading and writing code / data, or it may be used for transmitting or relaying signals.

[0412] Optionally, the communication device 800 may include one or more memories 830, which may store instructions that can be executed on the processor 810, causing the communication device 800 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the memories 830 may also store data. Optionally, the processor 810 may also store instructions and / or data. The processor 810 and the memories 830 may be provided separately or integrated together.

[0413] It should be understood that, in one possible design, the steps in the method embodiments provided in this application can be implemented by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are not provided here.

[0414] In one implementation, the communication device 800 may correspond to the terminal device in the above method embodiments and may be used to execute the various steps and / or processes executed by the terminal device in the above method embodiments. The processor 810 may be used to execute instructions stored in the memory 830, and when the processor 810 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 810 is used to execute the various steps and / or processes of the above method embodiments corresponding to the terminal device.

[0415] It should be understood that the aforementioned processing device can be one or more chips. For example, the processing device can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system-on-chip (SoC), a central processor unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

[0416] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0417] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a chip system, which includes one or more processors for calling and executing instructions stored in memory, thereby causing the method described in the embodiments of this application to be executed. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0418] The chip system may include input circuits or interfaces for transmitting information or data, and output circuits or interfaces for receiving information or data.

[0419] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a communication system, which includes the aforementioned terminal device and network device.

[0420] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes: computer program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes executed by the terminal device or network device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0421] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes executed by the terminal device or network device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0422] The computer-readable storage medium may be the aforementioned volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or it may include both volatile memory and non-volatile memory.

[0423] In the embodiments of this application, the terms and English abbreviations are exemplary examples given for ease of description and should not be construed as limiting the application in any way. This application does not preclude the possibility of defining other terms that can achieve the same or similar functions in existing or future agreements.

[0424] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When these computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated.

[0425] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0426] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0427] In summary, the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the technical solution of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: The method is applied to a terminal device, and the method includes: Receive first system information sent by the network device under the condition of satisfying a first condition, the first system information indicating a first inference model, the first condition including one or more of the following: the network device detects a random access success rate less than a preset threshold, or the network device detects a random access success rate decreases, or the network device detects a GNSS failure rate greater than a preset threshold, or the network device detects a GNSS failure rate increases. The first reference signal is measured to obtain the first signal measurement result, which includes the reference signal received power RSRP of the first reference signal and the Doppler offset of the first reference signal. When the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is in an invalid positioning state, a first compensation value is determined based on the first inference model and the first signal measurement result. The first compensation value includes a propagation delay compensation value and a Doppler offset compensation value. The first compensation value is determined based on first location information, which is the location information output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model; or, the first compensation value is the compensation value output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model. Based on the first compensation value, a random access request message is sent; When the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is in an active positioning state, a first confidence level is sent. The first confidence level is used to determine whether to update the first inference model. The first confidence level is determined based on the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on the GNSS signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The random access request message is message Msg1; after sending the random access request message based on the first compensation value, the method further includes: Receive Msg2 sent from the network device; Send Msg3, which includes the first location information, and the first location information is used to determine the beam direction of Msg4.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first confidence level is determined by the offset between the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on GNSS signals.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the GNSS positioning status of the terminal device is in the effective positioning state and the terminal device is in the connected state, a first message is received, the first message being used to request the acquisition of training data for training the first inference model; Measure the second reference signal to obtain the measurement result of the second signal; A second message is sent, which includes the second signal measurement result and the third location information corresponding to the second signal measurement result. The second signal measurement result and the third location information are used to train the first inference model. The third location information is determined based on GNSS signals.

5. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a network device, and the method includes: Under the condition of satisfying the first condition, first system information is sent, the first system information includes a first inference model, and the first condition includes one or more of the following: the network device detects a random access success rate that is less than a preset threshold, or the network device detects a random access success rate that decreases, or the network device detects a GNSS failure rate that is greater than a preset threshold, or the network device detects a GNSS failure rate that increases. A first reference signal is sent, and the first inference model and the first signal measurement result corresponding to the first reference signal are used to determine a first compensation value. The first compensation value includes a propagation delay compensation value and a Doppler offset compensation value. The first compensation value is used to send a random access request message. The first signal measurement result includes the RSRP of the first reference signal and the Doppler offset of the first reference signal. The random access request message is received from the terminal device. The first compensation value is determined based on the first location information, which is the location information output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model; or, the first compensation value is the compensation value output by the first inference model after the first signal measurement result is input into the first inference model. The system receives a first confidence level from the terminal device. The first confidence level is used to determine whether to update the first inference model. The first confidence level is determined based on the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on GNSS signals.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The random access request message is message Msg1; After receiving the random access request message from the terminal device, the method further includes: Send Msg2; The terminal device receives Msg3, which includes the first location information and is used to determine the beam direction of Msg4.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The first confidence level is determined by the offset between the terminal location information determined by the first inference model and the terminal location information determined based on GNSS signals.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a first message, which is used to request training data for training the first inference model; Send a second reference signal; A second message is received, the second message including a second signal measurement result corresponding to the second reference signal and a third position information corresponding to the second signal measurement result. The second signal measurement result and the third position information are used to train the first inference model. The third position information is determined based on GNSS signals.

9. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes a unit for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes a processor coupled to a memory, which can be used to execute instructions or data in the memory to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

11. A chip, characterized in that, It includes a processor and an interface, the processor and the interface being coupled; the interface is used to receive or output signals, and the processor is used to execute code instructions to cause the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 to be performed.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when invoked, cause the computer to perform the method described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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