Oudemansiella radicata culture medium with mulberry branch powder as main raw material as well as preparation method and application of oudemansiella radicata culture medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to an oudemansiella radicata culture medium with mulberry branch powder as a main raw material and a preparation method and application of the oudemansiella radicata culture medium. The invention provides an oudemansiella radicata culture medium taking mulberry branch powder as a main raw material. The oudemansiella radicata culture medium comprises the following components: mulberry branch powder, weed tree sawdust, cottonseed hull, bran, quick lime, gypsum and light calcium carbonate. The invention discloses an oudemansiella radicata culture medium taking mulberry branch powder as a main raw material, which takes the mulberry branch powder which is lower in price, richer in source and low in utilization difficulty as the main material of the oudemansiella radicata culture medium instead of cotton seed hulls, so that the use of the cotton seed hulls can be effectively reduced, the production cost can be effectively reduced, and the profit rate can be increased; a green and efficient cyclic utilization way is provided for waste branches in the traditional silkworm industry, and the ecological environment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, and in particular to a long-rooted mushroom cultivation substrate using mulberry twigs as the main raw material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Long-rooted mushrooms ( Hymenopellis raphanipes Also known as the long-rooted small Od mushroom or long-rooted coin mushroom, it belongs to the genus *Mallotus* of the family Tricholomataceae in the order Agaricales. Long-rooted mushrooms are a rapidly developing rare edible mushroom variety in recent years. They have a tender, smooth texture, a delicious flavor, and are rich in protein, amino acids, and trace elements. The long-rooted mushroom toxin within them has anti-tumor and blood pressure-lowering effects. Long-term consumption can help enhance the body's immunity. Its excellent nutritional and medicinal value makes it highly popular among consumers.

[0003] In recent years, with the rapid development of the edible fungi industry as a whole, consumers' acceptance and demand for edible fungi have been increasing, driving market demand for rare edible fungi such as *Mushroom arvensis*, and providing a larger market space for the *Mushroom arvensis* industry. Currently, the main raw materials used for the facility cultivation of *Mushroom arvensis* are cottonseed hulls and hardwood sawdust, supplemented with wheat bran, corn flour, and soybean meal; the bag-making process includes mixing, bagging, cooling, and sterilization.

[0004] Although the technology for cultivating mushrooms using cottonseed hulls as the main material has become increasingly mature, the comparative benefits of mushroom cultivation are gradually decreasing due to factors such as the gradual saturation of the total market supply and the rising prices of raw materials like cottonseed hulls. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative materials that are cheaper, more abundant, and easier to use than cottonseed hulls to further reduce costs and improve economic efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a long-root mushroom cultivation substrate with mulberry twigs as the main raw material, its preparation method and application, in order to address the problem of the rising cost of long-root mushroom raw materials and to develop a long-root mushroom cultivation method with mulberry twigs as the main raw material in a way that is suitable for local conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a long-rooted mushroom culture medium with mulberry twigs as the main raw material, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts mulberry twigs, 30-40 parts hardwood chips, 3-8 parts cottonseed hulls, 3-8 parts wheat bran, 0.5-2 parts quicklime, 0.5-2 parts gypsum, and 0.5-2 parts light calcium carbonate.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned long-rooted mushroom culture medium, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix mulberry twigs and miscellaneous wood chips to obtain a mixture; mix the mixture with water, pile it up for fermentation, and obtain a fermented mixture; (2) Mix cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, quicklime, gypsum, light calcium carbonate and the fermented mixture, add water to adjust the moisture content to 60-70%, stir for 30-40 minutes to obtain a mixed matrix; (3) The mixed substrate is bagged and sterilized to obtain the long-root mushroom culture substrate.

[0008] Preferably, in step (1), the mass ratio of the mixture to water is 1:1.2; the mixing is carried out by stirring, and the mixing time is 20~30min.

[0009] Preferably, in step (1), the height of the stack is 1~1.5m; The fermentation time is 12-36 hours.

[0010] As a preferred option, the specific steps of bagging and sterilization in step (3) are as follows: fill the mixed substrate into the mushroom bag and seal it, fill the mixed substrate into the mushroom bag and seal it, sterilize and pressurize it and let it sit for 20~40 minutes, cool it to 20~30℃, and obtain the long-root mushroom culture substrate.

[0011] Preferably, the sterilization and pressure holding method is sterilization and pressure holding at 99~100℃ for 16h or sterilization and pressure holding at 121℃ for 1.5~2h.

[0012] The present invention also provides the application of the above-described mushroom culture medium or the mushroom culture medium prepared by the above-described method in the cultivation of mushrooms.

[0013] This invention also provides a method for cultivating long-rooted mushrooms, comprising the following steps: 1) Inoculate the long-root mushroom spawn onto the long-root mushroom culture medium and place it in the mycelium incubation room for dark cultivation; 2) After the mushroom bags have matured, move them to the spawn room, open the seal of the bags and fold the bag openings outwards, cover the fruiting surface with soil, and cultivate them at a temperature of 23~28℃, an air humidity of 75~85%, and a CO2 concentration of 2000ppm. 3) After covering with soil for 7-10 days, cultivate at a temperature of 23-28℃, a day-night temperature difference of 3-5℃, an air humidity of 80-90%, and a CO2 concentration of 1200-1600ppm; 4) After budding, adjust the CO2 concentration to 1500 ppm, the air humidity to 85-90%, and the light intensity to 300-500 lx for further cultivation; 5) After the fruiting body reaches a height of 3cm, adjust the CO2 concentration to 2500ppm for further cultivation. Harvest when the mushroom stem reaches 5-6cm to obtain long-rooted mushrooms.

[0014] Preferably, in step 1), the temperature of the dark culture is 22~24℃; and the CO2 concentration of the dark culture is ≤3000ppm. The dark culture includes mycelial culture and after-ripening; The mycelial culture time was 18 days; The post-ripening time is 30-40 days.

[0015] Preferably, in step 2), the bag is folded until the opening is 5-8 cm away from the mixed substrate; the thickness of the covering soil is 3 cm. The soil moisture content of the covering soil is 25-30%; the soil pH of the covering soil is 6.5-7.5.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention discloses a long-root mushroom culture medium using mulberry twigs as the main raw material. It uses mulberry twigs, which are cheaper, more abundant, and easier to use, to replace cottonseed hulls as the main material of the long-root mushroom substrate. This can effectively reduce the use of cottonseed hulls, which can not only effectively reduce production costs and increase profit margins, but also provide a green and efficient recycling path for waste branches in the traditional sericulture industry and improve the ecological environment. Detailed Implementation

[0017] This invention provides a long-rooted mushroom culture medium using mulberry twigs as the main raw material, comprising the following components in parts by weight: The mulberry twig shavings consist of 45-55 parts, preferably 48-52 parts, and more preferably 50 parts. The amount of wood chips is 30 to 40 parts, preferably 33 to 37 parts, and more preferably 35 parts.

[0018] Cottonseed hulls: 3-8 parts, preferably 5-6 parts, more preferably 5.5 parts. 3-8 parts wheat bran, preferably 5-6 parts, more preferably 5 parts. 0.5-2 parts quicklime, preferably 1-1.5 parts, more preferably 1.5 parts. 0.5 to 2 parts of gypsum, preferably 1 to 1.5 parts, more preferably 1.5 parts. 0.5 to 2 parts of light calcium carbonate, preferably 1 to 1.5 parts, and more preferably 1.5 parts.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned long-rooted mushroom culture medium, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix mulberry twigs and miscellaneous wood chips to obtain a mixture; mix the mixture with water, pile it up for fermentation, and obtain a fermented mixture; (2) Mix cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, quicklime, gypsum, light calcium carbonate and the fermented mixture, add water to adjust the moisture content to 60-70%, stir for 30-40 minutes to obtain a mixed matrix; (3) The mixed substrate is bagged and sterilized to obtain the long-root mushroom culture substrate.

[0020] In this invention, in step (1), the mass ratio of the mixture to water is 1:1.2; the mixing is carried out by stirring, and the mixing time is 20~30 min; The particle size of the mulberry twig chips is 5-8 mm, preferably 6-7 mm, and more preferably 6.5 mm; In this invention, in step (1), the height of the stack is 1~1.5m, preferably 1.1~1.4m, and further optimized to 1.2m; The fermentation time is 12-36 hours, preferably 20-30 hours, and more preferably 24 hours.

[0021] In this invention, in step (2), when adjusting the moisture content, water needs to be added while stirring; the moisture content of the matrix is ​​preferably 63-67%, and more preferably 65%.

[0022] In this invention, the specific steps of bagging and sterilization in step (3) are as follows: the mixed substrate is put into the mushroom bag and sealed, the mixed substrate is put into the mushroom bag and sealed, sterilized and pressure-held and then left to stand for 20-40 minutes, and cooled to 20-30℃ to obtain the long-root mushroom culture substrate; The sterilization and pressure holding method is to sterilize and hold at 99~100℃ for 16h or at 121℃ for 1.5~2h, preferably at 100℃ for 16h or at 121℃ for 2h, and more preferably at 121℃ for 2h. The soaking time is preferably 25-35 minutes, and more preferably 30 minutes; The cooling temperature is preferably 23~27℃, more preferably 25℃; The plastic material of the mushroom bag is preferably polypropylene plastic with a thickness of 5 mils; The dimensions of the mushroom bag are 18cm × 37cm; The mixed substrate is filled into the mushroom bag to a height of 20cm and weighs 1150~1250g, preferably 1180~250g, and more preferably 1250g; The sealing method used a cap with a diameter of 3.8cm and a ring seal. The present invention also provides the application of the above-described mushroom culture medium or the mushroom culture medium prepared by the above-described method in the cultivation of mushrooms.

[0023] This invention also provides a method for cultivating long-rooted mushrooms, comprising the following steps: 1) Inoculate the long-root mushroom spawn onto the long-root mushroom culture medium and place it in the mycelium incubation room for dark cultivation; 2) After the mushroom bags have matured, move them to the spawn room, open the seal of the bags and fold the bag openings outwards, cover the mushroom surface with soil, and cultivate them at a temperature of 23~28℃, an air humidity of 75~85%, and a CO2 concentration of 2000ppm. 3) After covering with soil for 7-10 days, culture at a temperature of 23-28℃, a day-night temperature difference of 3-5℃, an air humidity of 80-90%, and a CO2 concentration of 1200-1600ppm. 4) After budding, adjust the CO2 concentration to 1500 ppm, the air humidity to 85-90%, and the light intensity to 300-500 lx for further cultivation; 5) After the fruiting body reaches a height of 3cm, adjust the CO2 concentration to 2500ppm for further cultivation, then harvest to obtain long-rooted mushrooms.

[0024] In this invention, in step 1), the inoculation needs to be performed in a sterile environment; The bacterial strain is a liquid bacterial strain; The inoculation volume of the strain is 25 ml; The temperature for dark culture is 22~24℃, preferably 23℃; the CO2 concentration for dark culture is ≤3000ppm, preferably 2500ppm; The dark culture includes mycelial culture and after-ripening; The mycelial culture time was 18 days; The post-ripening time is 30-40 days, preferably 33-37 days, and more preferably 35 days.

[0025] In this invention, in step 2), the bag is folded until the opening is 5-8 cm from the surface of the mixed substrate, preferably 4 cm; the thickness of the covering soil is 3 cm. The soil moisture content of the covering soil is 25-30%, preferably 28%; The pH of the soil used for covering is 6.5 to 7.5, preferably 6.8 to 7.2, and more preferably 7.0; The soil used for covering needs to be disinfected and treated with insecticides. In step 2), the culture temperature is preferably 25~26℃, more preferably 25.5℃; the air humidity is preferably 78~82%, more preferably 80%. In this invention, in step 3), the preferred conditions are: after covering with soil for 8 days; the preferred cultivation temperature is 25-26°C, more preferably 25.5°C; the preferred day-night temperature difference is 4°C; the preferred air humidity is 78-82%, more preferably 80%; the preferred CO2 concentration is 1300-1500 ppm, more preferably 1400 ppm; and the cultivation light is diffused light.

[0026] In this invention, in step 4), the air humidity is preferably 87-88%, more preferably 87.5%, and the light intensity is preferably 350-450 lx, more preferably 400 lx.

[0027] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1: A growing medium for long-rooted mushrooms using mulberry twig scraps as the main raw material

[0029] (1) Mix 50kg of mulberry branch chips and 35kg of miscellaneous wood chips to obtain a mixture; mix the mixture with water at a mass ratio of 1:1.2, stir for 30min to mix evenly, and then pile it into a material pile with a height of 1.2m. Ferment for 24h to obtain the fermented mixture; (2) Mix 5.5 kg cottonseed hulls, 5 kg wheat bran, 1.5 kg quicklime, 1.5 kg gypsum, 1.5 kg light calcium carbonate and the fermented mixture, then add water while stirring to adjust the moisture content to 65%, and continue stirring for 30 minutes to obtain the mixed matrix; (3) Use a punching bagging machine to fill the mixed substrate into 18cm×37cm polypropylene plastic bags with a thickness of 5 mils. The bag height is 20cm and the bag weight is 1250g. Use a cap with a diameter of 3.8cm and a ring to seal the bag. Then push the filled bag into the sterilizer for sterilization. The sterilization temperature is 121℃, the sterilization pressure time is 2h, and the bag is left to stand for 30min. Then push the bag out of the sterilizer and cool it to 25℃ in the cooling room to obtain the long-root mushroom culture medium.

[0030] Comparative Example 1: A growing medium for *Pleurotus ostreatus* with corn cob as the main ingredient.

[0031] (1) Mix 24.5 kg of mulberry twigs and 27.5 kg of corn cobs to obtain a mixture; mix the mixture with water at a mass ratio of 1:1.2, stir for 30 min to mix evenly, and then pile it into a 1.2 m high pile. Ferment for 24 h to obtain the fermented mixture. (2) Mix 22kg cottonseed hulls, 16kg wheat bran, 5.5kg cow dung, 1.5kg quicklime, 1.5kg gypsum, 1.5kg light calcium carbonate and the fermented mixture, and add water while stirring to adjust the moisture content to 65%. Continue stirring for 30 minutes to obtain the mixed matrix. (3) Use a punching bagging machine to fill the mixed substrate into 18cm×37cm polypropylene plastic bags with a thickness of 5 mils. The bag height is 20cm and the bag weight is 1250g. Use a cap with a diameter of 3.8cm and a ring to seal the bag. Then push the filled bag into the sterilizer for sterilization. The sterilization temperature is 121℃, the sterilization pressure time is 2h, and the bag is left to stand for 30min. Then push the bag out of the sterilizer and cool it to 25℃ in the cooling room to obtain the long-root mushroom culture medium.

[0032] Comparative Example 2: A growing medium for long-rooted mushrooms made primarily from hardwood sawdust.

[0033] (1) Mix 50kg of miscellaneous wood chips and 40kg of mulberry branch chips to obtain a mixture; mix the mixture with water at a mass ratio of 1:1.2, stir for 30 minutes to mix evenly, and then pile it into a material pile with a height of 1.2m. Ferment for 24 hours to obtain the fermented mixture; (2) Mix 5.5 kg cottonseed hulls, 1.5 kg quicklime, 1.5 kg gypsum, 1.5 kg light calcium carbonate and the fermented mixture, then add water while stirring to adjust the moisture content to 65%, and continue stirring for 30 minutes to obtain a mixed matrix; (3) Use a punching bagging machine to fill the mixed substrate into 18cm×37cm polypropylene plastic bags with a thickness of 5 mils. The bag height is 20cm and the bag weight is 1250g. Use a cap with a diameter of 3.8cm and a ring to seal the bag. Then push the filled bag into the sterilizer for sterilization. The sterilization temperature is 121℃, the sterilization pressure time is 2h, and the bag is left to stand for 30min. Then push the bag out of the sterilizer and cool it to 25℃ in the cooling room to obtain the long-root mushroom culture medium.

[0034] Experimental Example 1

[0035] The *Mushroomra ventricosa* culture media prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used to cultivate *Mushroomra ventricosa*, and the specific steps are as follows: 1) Under sterile conditions, equal volumes (25 ml) of liquid spawn of *Millettia dielsiana* were inoculated onto the *Millettia dielsiana* culture media prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2, and placed in a mycelium incubation chamber at 23°C and 3000 ppm CO2 concentration for incubation until the mycelium filled the bag. After filling the bag, the mycelium was allowed to mature for 30 days in a dark culture. 2) After the culture matures, move the culture bag to the spawn room, open the seal of the spawn bag (remove the cap and ring), and fold the bag opening outwards until the bag opening is 4cm away from the mixed substrate. Spread a 3cm thick layer of sterilized and insect-killed soil with a moisture content of 28% and a pH of 6.0 evenly on the fruiting surface. Keep the soil moist by spraying, provide diffused light, and maintain the temperature at 24℃, the air humidity at 85%, and the CO2 concentration at 2000ppm for cultivation. 3) After covering with soil for 8 days, adjust the temperature to 25℃ and the day-night temperature difference to 4℃ for stimulation. Cultivate at an air humidity of 85% and a CO2 concentration of 1400ppm to promote the occurrence of mushroom buds. 4) After budding, adjust the CO2 concentration to 1500 ppm to make the primordia develop into a short and stout state, and culture them at an air humidity of 90% and a light intensity of 400 lx. 5) After the fruiting bodies reach a height of 3cm, increase the CO2 concentration to 2500ppm to promote the growth of the stipe. Cultivate at an air humidity of 90% and a light intensity of 400lx, and then harvest to obtain long-rooted mushrooms.

[0036] The average mycelial growth (average growth rate, number of days to fill the bag, degree of mycelial whiteness), yield of long-root mushrooms, and phenotype of long-root mushroom fruiting bodies (stipe length, stipe diameter, cap length, cap thickness) were recorded under different long-root mushroom culture substrates. Then, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted, and the results are shown in Tables 1-3. Table 1. Average mycelial growth and yield of *Mushroom floribunda* under different culture media.

[0037] As shown in Table 1, although the mycelial growth rate and number of days to full coverage of *M. truncata* culture medium using mulberry twigs as the main raw material were slightly lower than those in control 2, the mycelial density of the *M. truncata* culture medium using mulberry twigs as the main raw material was yellowish-white, which was significantly more robust than the pale white mycelium in control 2. The yield data indicates that the *M. truncata* culture medium using mulberry twigs as the main raw material yields higher yields than those using corn cobs and cottonseed hulls.

[0038] Table 2. Effects of different culture media for Mushroom floribunda on the fruiting body phenotype of Mushroom floribunda.

[0039] As can be seen from Table 2, the mushroom stalk length / diameter of the mushroom stalk culture medium with mulberry twig chips as the main raw material is significantly smaller than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. The cap length / width is not significantly different from that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Its overall appearance is "short and fat", which is more in line with the needs of the consumer market.

[0040] Table 3. Cost-benefit analysis of different growing media for Mushroom floribunda.

[0041] As can be seen from Table 3, the cost of the long-root mushroom culture substrate using mulberry twigs as the main raw material is relatively low, but its output and gross profit are much higher than those of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0042] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a long-rooted mushroom culture medium with mulberry twigs as the main raw material, its preparation method and application. The present invention discloses a long-rooted mushroom culture medium with mulberry twigs as the main raw material, which uses mulberry twigs, which are cheaper, more abundant, and easier to use, to replace cottonseed hulls as the main material of the long-rooted mushroom substrate. This can effectively reduce the use of cottonseed hulls, which can not only effectively reduce production costs and increase profit margins, but also provide a green and efficient recycling path for waste branches in the traditional sericulture industry, thus improving the ecological environment.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-rooted mushroom culture medium using mulberry twig scraps as the main raw material, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts mulberry twig chips, 30-40 parts miscellaneous wood chips, 3-8 parts cottonseed hulls, 3-8 parts wheat bran, 0.5-2 parts quicklime, 0.5-2 parts gypsum, and 0.5-2 parts light calcium carbonate.

2. The method for preparing the long-root mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mix mulberry twigs and miscellaneous wood chips to obtain a mixture; mix the mixture with water, pile it up for fermentation, and obtain a fermented mixture; (2) Mix cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, quicklime, gypsum, light calcium carbonate and the fermented mixture, add water to adjust the moisture content to 60-70%, stir for 30-40 minutes to obtain a mixed matrix; (3) The mixed substrate is bagged and sterilized to obtain the long-root mushroom culture substrate.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the mass ratio of the mixture to water is 1:1.2; the mixing is a stirring process, and the mixing time is 20~40 min.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the height of the stack is 1~1.5m; The fermentation time is 12-36 hours.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (3), the specific steps of bagging and sterilization are as follows: the mixed substrate is put into the mushroom bag and sealed. After sterilization and pressure, it is left to stand for 20-40 minutes and then cooled to 20-30℃ to obtain the long-root mushroom culture substrate.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sterilization and pressure holding method is to sterilize and hold at 99~100℃ for 16h or sterilize and hold at 121℃ for 1.5~2h.

7. The application of the *Mushroom repens* culture medium according to claim 1 or the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 6 in the cultivation of *Mushroom repens*.

8. A method for cultivating long-rooted mushrooms, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Inoculate the long-root mushroom spawn onto the long-root mushroom culture medium and place it in the mycelium incubation room for dark cultivation; 2) After the mushroom bags have matured, move them to the spawn room, open the seal of the bags and fold the bag openings outwards, cover the mushroom surface with soil, and cultivate them at a temperature of 23~28℃, an air humidity of 75~85%, and a CO2 concentration of 2000ppm. 3) After covering with soil for 7-10 days, cultivate at a temperature of 23-28℃, a day-night temperature difference of 3-5℃, an air humidity of 80-90%, and a CO2 concentration of 1200-1600ppm; 4) After budding, adjust the CO2 concentration to 1500 ppm, the air humidity to 85-90%, and the light intensity to 300-500 lx for further cultivation; 5) After the fruiting body reaches a height of 3cm, adjust the CO2 concentration to 2500ppm for further cultivation, then harvest to obtain long-rooted mushrooms.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 1), the temperature of the dark culture is 22~24℃; the CO2 concentration of the dark culture is ≤3000ppm; The dark culture includes mycelial culture and after-ripening; The mycelial culture time was 18 days; The post-ripening time is 30-40 days.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 2), the bag is folded until the opening is 5-8 cm away from the mixed substrate; the thickness of the covering soil is 3 cm. The soil moisture content of the covering soil is 25-30%; the soil pH of the covering soil is 6.5-7.5.

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