Formula of cattle and sheep feed for improving immunity in multiple nutrition departments

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a multi-nutrition cattle and sheep feed formula for improving immunity, the feed comprises the following components by weight: 40%-70% of energy and protein core material, 15%-40% of fiber and filler, 8%-25% of mineral supplement, 3%-15% of functional plant additive, and 2%-10% of plant health-care functional material. The plant health-care functional material preferably contains Chinese herbal medicine powder with the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials and tonifying qi and spleen, such as dandelion, astragalus membranaceus, liquorice and the like. Through scientific compatibility of various types of raw materials, the cattle and sheep feed can provide comprehensive nutrition to promote rapid growth, and can significantly enhance immunity of cattle and sheep, maintain digestive tract health and reduce antibiotic dependence; the feed can be used as a concentrate supplement to be added into daily ration according to the proportion of 8-50%, can also be used as a complete feed in the later stage of fattening, and has the advantages of low cost and full resource utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal feed technology, specifically to a cattle and sheep feed formula that enhances immunity through multiple nutrients. Background Technology

[0002] In the intensive cattle and sheep farming industry, feed efficiency and animal health during the fattening period are the core factors determining economic benefits. Currently, most of the mainstream fattening concentrate supplements on the market use corn and soybean meal as the main raw materials, aiming to provide high energy and high protein.

[0003] However, this traditional formulation approach has revealed many problems in practical applications: First, the nutritional structure is monotonous. Long-term feeding of this type of feed can easily lead to insufficient intake of minerals, vitamins and various functional bioactive substances, causing nutritional metabolic diseases and affecting the ultimate production performance and meat quality of cattle and sheep.

[0004] Secondly, the digestive system is under heavy burden. The high proportion of concentrate feed used to increase the rate of weight gain can easily damage the rumen microecological environment on which ruminants depend for survival, leading to a decrease in rumen pH and inducing a series of metabolic diseases such as subacute rumen acidosis, laminitis and liver abscess. This increases the cost of veterinary drugs and the risk of breeding.

[0005] Secondly, insufficient immune stress resistance is a problem. During the fattening period, cattle and sheep are in a state of rapid growth and high-intensity metabolism, facing greater environmental and physiological stress. Conventional feed lacks systematic immune regulation components, making it difficult to effectively enhance the animals' own non-specific immunity, which leads to an increased risk of disease. Farmers are often forced to rely on preventive antibiotics to maintain the health of the herd. This not only brings serious challenges of drug residues and bacterial resistance, but also goes against the development trend of green and healthy farming.

[0006] In addition, the low resource utilization rate means that a large number of by-products generated during agricultural production and food processing, such as various oilseed cakes, bran, bone blood, eggshells, fruit and vegetable residues, and leaves and branches from forestry tending, are usually discarded or used at low value. These substances are rich in protein, cellulose, minerals and natural active ingredients. If they can be used scientifically and rationally, they can become valuable feed resources, reduce feed costs and conform to the environmental protection concept of circular agriculture.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a fattening feed for cattle and sheep that can integrate raw materials from multiple sources, is low in cost, provides balanced and comprehensive nutrition, and has multiple functions such as promoting growth, enhancing immunity, and maintaining digestive health, in order to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a multi-nutrient-rich feed formula for cattle and sheep to enhance immunity. This feed, through the scientific formulation of various conventional and unconventional raw materials, aims to achieve the following objectives: It provides comprehensive and balanced nutrition to meet the growth needs of fattening cattle and sheep at all stages. By using specific fiber combinations and functional additives, it maintains rumen health and promotes digestion and absorption; By introducing natural plant-based health-promoting ingredients, the immunity of cattle and sheep is systematically enhanced, reducing the occurrence of diseases and antibiotic dependence; Make full use of various agricultural and sideline products and processing by-products to significantly reduce feed costs and improve resource utilization efficiency.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the feed and its application in cattle and sheep fattening.

[0010] A multi-nutrient feed formula for cattle and sheep to enhance immunity, comprising the following components by weight percentage: (a) 40% to 70% of the energy and protein core feed, selected from one or more of corn, oats, beans, peanut meal, and sunflower seed meal, wherein the energy and protein core feed has a moisture content of ≤13% and is free from mold and insect infestation, wherein corn has impurities of ≤10% and broken particles of ≤3%, beans have a protein content of ≥25%, and peanut meal and sunflower seed meal have a protein content of ≥40% and a moisture content of ≤11%; (b) 15% to 40% fiber and filler, selected from one or more of straw powder, wheat bran, soybean hulls, rice bran, tamarisk powder, alfalfa powder, and dried vegetable powder, wherein the fiber and filler are free from rancid odor and impurities ≤3%, the acid value of wheat bran and rice bran is ≤7mgKOH / g, and the 40-mesh passing rate of straw powder and tamarisk powder after pulverization is ≥50%; (c) 8% to 25% mineral supplements, selected from one or more of eggshell powder, bone meal, shell powder, and dried fish viscera powder, wherein the total number of microbial colonies in the mineral supplements is ≤100 CFU / g, the calcium content of the bone meal is ≥28%, the phosphorus content is ≥15%, and the protein content of the dried fish viscera powder is ≥50% and the moisture content is ≤8%; (d) 3% to 15% of functional plant additives, selected from one or more of walnut powder, jujube powder, elm leaf powder, elm bark powder, and pine needle powder. The functional plant additives are free from mold and impurities. The walnut powder has a fat content of ≥45%, the jujube powder has a sugar content of ≥60%, and the pine needle powder has a vitamin C content of ≥80mg / 100g. (e) 2% to 10% of plant-based health-promoting ingredients.

[0011] Preferably, the plant-based health-promoting functional material contains Chinese herbal medicine powder with the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying and replenishing qi and strengthening the spleen. The Chinese herbal medicine powder is processed and pulverized to a fineness of 80 mesh or higher, and has a polysaccharide content of ≥5%.

[0012] Preferably, the herbal powder is composed of at least three of the following: dandelion, bitter lettuce, licorice, astragalus, codonopsis, and bupleurum.

[0013] Preferably, based on the total weight of the plant-based health-promoting functional materials, the herbal powder contains: 10%-30% dandelion, 10%-25% bitter lettuce, 15%-25% licorice, 15%-30% astragalus, 10%-20% codonopsis and 5%-15% bupleurum.

[0014] Preferably, the feed is in the form of dry powder, with a particle size of 2.0-3.0 mm, a mixing uniformity variation coefficient of ≤5%, a moisture content of ≤12%, a crude protein content of 18%-28%, and a crude fiber content of 8%-15%.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: each component raw material is dried separately. The energy and protein core material, fiber and filler are dried at 60-80℃ for 2-4 hours, the mineral supplement is dried at 105-120℃ for 1-2 hours, and the functional plant additives and plant health care functional materials are dried at 45-60℃ for 3-5 hours. (2) Crushing: Crush each of the dried raw materials separately. Crush the energy and protein core materials, fiber and filler materials to 2.0-3.0 mm, crush the mineral supplements to 60 mesh or more, and crush the functional plant additives and plant health care functional materials to 80 mesh or more. (3) Mixing: The raw material powders obtained in step (2) are put into a twin-shaft paddle mixer in the proportions described in claim 1. If no oil is added, the mixture is stirred for 100 seconds. If oil is added, the mixture is stirred for 120 seconds to obtain a uniformly mixed compound feed. (4) Inspection and packaging: Sampling inspection of the mixed compound feed, and sewing and packaging after passing the inspection, with clear labeling.

[0016] Application of a multi-nutrient-rich cattle and sheep feed formulation for enhancing immunity in the preparation of cattle and sheep fattening feed: In the fattening diets of cattle and sheep, the compound feed is added at a rate of 8% to 50%. The proportion of additives is 8%-20% in the early stage of fattening, 20%-35% in the middle stage of fattening, and 35%-50% in the later stage of fattening.

[0017] Preferably, in the later stage of fattening, the compound feed is fed as a complete feed. Before feeding, it is mixed with water at a weight ratio of 1:0.8-1:1.2, without providing additional hay, and ensuring that the daily water intake is 3%-5% of the cattle's body weight.

[0018] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: Comprehensive and balanced nutrition with significant growth-promoting effects: Through a diversified combination of raw materials, it solves the supply problems of energy, protein, fiber, minerals, vitamins and functional active substances in one go, significantly improving the daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of cattle and sheep.

[0019] Highlighting health benefits and effectively enhancing immunity: The unique combination of functional plants and traditional Chinese medicine can effectively activate the animal's immune system, increase serum immunoglobulin levels, and reduce the incidence of various diseases, providing a reliable path to reduce or replace antibiotic use, which is in line with the trend of green farming.

[0020] Maintaining digestive health and reducing farming risks: The scientific fiber ratio ensures a healthy fermentation environment in the rumen, effectively preventing common metabolic diseases such as rumen acidosis, and improving the overall stability and safety of farming.

[0021] Significant cost advantages and resource recycling: The extensive use of localized, low-cost agricultural and sideline products and food industry by-products as main raw materials has greatly reduced feed costs, while realizing the resource utilization and high-value utilization of waste, resulting in outstanding economic and environmental benefits.

[0022] The formula is flexible and universal, and easy to use: the product can be used as a concentrate supplement or as a complete feed. The addition ratio can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific situation of farmers. It is highly universal and easy to promote. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

[0024] Example 1: Preparation and Raw Material Standards of Basic Compound Feed This embodiment provides a basic formula for compound feed and its preferred process parameters for preparation.

[0025] Raw material formula (by weight percentage): Core energy and protein ingredients: 55% corn flour, 10% soybean meal.

[0026] Fiber and filler: 12% wheat bran, 8% alfalfa meal.

[0027] Mineral supplement: 5% eggshell powder, 3% bone meal.

[0028] Functional plant additives: 3% jujube powder, 2% pine needle powder.

[0029] Plant-based health-promoting functional ingredients: a powder made from a simple mixture of dandelion powder, astragalus powder, and licorice powder in a 2:1:1 ratio, totaling 2%.

[0030] Raw material selection criteria: Energy and protein core ingredients: moisture content ≤13%, free from mold and insect infestation.

[0031] Among them, corn impurities ≤10% and broken grains ≤3%; soybean meal protein content ≥43% and urease activity moderate.

[0032] Fibers and fillers: Free from rancidity, mold, and off-odors; impurities ≤3%.

[0033] The acid value of wheat bran, rice bran, etc. should be ≤7mgKOH / g.

[0034] The passing rate of straw powder and caragana powder through a 40-mesh sieve should be ≥50% after crushing to ensure appropriate particle size.

[0035] Mineral supplements: Eggshells, bones, shells, etc., need to be thoroughly cleaned, boiled or baked at high temperature to sterilize and degrease, and then dried and crushed.

[0036] The total number of microbial colonies in the finished powder should be ≤100 CFU / g.

[0037] Bone meal should have a calcium content of ≥28% and a phosphorus content of ≥15%; dried fish viscera powder should have a protein content of ≥50% and a moisture content of ≤8%.

[0038] Functional plant-based additives: free from mold and impurities.

[0039] Walnut powder should have a fat content of ≥45%; jujube powder should have a total sugar content of ≥60%; pine needle powder should be fresh and free from pollution, and its vitamin C content should be ≥80mg / 100g.

[0040] Plant-based health-promoting ingredients: The Chinese medicinal herbs used should meet medicinal standards and be free from mold and pesticide residues.

[0041] After purification and processing, such as honey-fried astragalus and wheat bran-fried atractylodes macrocephala, the powder is pulverized to a fineness of 80 mesh or higher to facilitate the dissolution of active ingredients.

[0042] Its water-extracted polysaccharide content should be ≥5%.

[0043] Preparation process: (1) Raw material pretreatment and drying: Energy and protein core materials, fiber and fillers: use a circulating air dryer to dry at 60-80℃ for 2-4 hours until the moisture content meets the standard.

[0044] Mineral supplement: To ensure thorough sterilization, dry at a high temperature of 105-120℃ for 1-2 hours.

[0045] Functional plant additives and plant health care functional materials: In order to retain heat-sensitive active ingredients, low-temperature vacuum drying or shade drying in a sheltered place is adopted, with the temperature controlled at 45-60℃ and the time at 3-5 hours.

[0046] (2) Crushing: The dried raw materials are processed by crushers.

[0047] Energy and protein core ingredients, fiber and fillers: Crush to pass through a 2.0-3.0 mm sieve.

[0048] Mineral supplement: Grind to a finer mesh (particle size ≤ 0.25 mm).

[0049] Functional plant additives and plant health care products: pulverized to a finer mesh than 80 mesh.

[0050] (3) Mixing: According to the formula ratio, put the bulk raw materials and trace additives into the twin-shaft paddle mixer in sequence.

[0051] To ensure uniform mixing, mix for 100 seconds if no additional oil is added; if oil is added, such as soybean oil or fish oil, and the amount added is ≤10kg / batch, the mixing time should be extended to 120 seconds.

[0052] (4) Inspection and packaging: Sample the mixed feed and test the moisture, crude protein, crude fiber and mixing uniformity.

[0053] Qualified products should be packaged with straight and secure stitching, and the label information should be clear and complete.

[0054] The resulting product is a uniform dry powder with a particle size mainly distributed between 2.0 and 3.0 mm, a crude protein content of about 21%, and a crude fiber content of about 10%.

[0055] Example 2: Validation of the Optimized Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Formula and its Synergistic Effect This embodiment demonstrates an optimized traditional Chinese medicine health care formula and proves its synergistic effect through experiments.

[0056] Formula ratio: Based on the total weight of plant health-care functional materials, the Chinese herbal powder contains: 25% dandelion, 20% bitter lettuce, 20% licorice, 20% astragalus, 10% codonopsis, and 5% bupleurum.

[0057] After all medicinal materials have been processed according to regulations, they are mixed, pulverized, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0058] Comparative experiment: Experimental design: 120 Simmental cattle of similar weight during the fattening period were randomly divided into 4 groups of 30 each.

[0059] Group A: Feed with a basic diet, with no added health supplements in the concentrate.

[0060] Group B: Add 2% Astragalus powder to the basal diet concentrate.

[0061] Group C: Add 2% of a powder made from an equal proportion of dandelion, licorice, and astragalus to the basic daily concentrate diet.

[0062] Group D: 2% of the optimized formulation powder described in this embodiment was added to the basal diet concentrate.

[0063] The trial period lasted 60 days, with consistent feeding and management conditions.

[0064] Experimental results: Growth performance: Group D had the highest average daily weight gain of 1.63 kg, which was significantly higher than Groups A, B and C. Group D also had the best feed conversion ratio.

[0065] Immune indicators: At the end of the experiment, the serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM in group D were significantly higher than those in the other three groups. In particular, compared with group C, group D still showed significant improvement in all immune indicators, which proved the synergistic effect of the specific ratio of the present invention, rather than a simple additive effect.

[0066] Conclusion: This combination of traditional Chinese medicines in a specific weight ratio produces a synergistic effect of "1+1>2" in promoting growth and enhancing immunity, and is the preferred solution of this invention.

[0067] Example 3: The effect of compound feed on fattening sheep This embodiment verifies the effect of the compound feed of the present invention in actual breeding, using the formula of Example 1, wherein the plant health care functional feed adopts the optimized formula of Example 2.

[0068] Experimental animals and design: Eighty healthy Dorper and Small-tailed Han sheep crossbred lambs of similar weight were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 40 lambs in each group, and were raised in separate pens.

[0069] Feed composition: Control group: fed with the original concentrated feed supplemented by the farm and allowed free access to peanut vines.

[0070] Experimental group: The original concentrate supplement was completely replaced with an equal amount of the compound feed of this invention, plus free access to the same weight of peanut vines.

[0071] Trial period: 7 days for the preliminary trial and 90 days for the formal trial.

[0072] Measurement indicators and results: Growth performance: The average final weight of lambs in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The average daily weight gain of the experimental group was 181g / day, which was 27.5% higher than that of the control group. The feed conversion ratio of the experimental group was significantly lower.

[0073] Health and morbidity: During the trial period, the lambs in the experimental group were in good spirits and had smooth coats. No cases of diarrhea or respiratory diseases were found. In the control group, 5 cases of indigestion-related diarrhea and 2 cases of coughing were found. The total morbidity rate was 17.5%.

[0074] Blood biochemistry and immunity: The serum total protein and albumin levels in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, indicating better protein metabolism. The serum IgG level in the experimental group increased significantly in the later stage of the experiment.

[0075] Example 4: Application of complete feed in intensive fattening during the later stages of fattening This embodiment demonstrates the method of using the feed of the present invention as a complete feed during the high-intensity fattening stage before slaughter.

[0076] Target audience: Simmental cattle in the late fattening stage, weighing approximately 450 kg.

[0077] Feeding program: 60 days before slaughter, stop feeding other roughage and use only the compound feed of this invention (same as in Example 3) as the complete feed for intensive fattening.

[0078] Feeding method: Feeding amount: Calculate the daily dry matter intake based on 2.8%-3.2% of the cattle's body weight, and feed twice a day, in the morning and evening.

[0079] Pre-feeding treatment: Mix dry powder feed with water at a weight ratio of 1:(0.8-1.2) on-site to improve palatability, reduce dust, and promote digestion.

[0080] Drinking water: Ensure adequate clean drinking water, with daily water intake reaching 3%-5% of the cattle's body weight.

[0081] Application results: Under this program, cattle eat actively, their feces are formed, and no signs of rumen impaction or acidosis are observed. The average daily weight gain during this stage can reach more than 1.7 kg, the carcass quality is excellent, and a balance between rapid weight gain and body health is achieved, which significantly shortens the slaughter cycle and improves breeding efficiency.

[0082] The above embodiments fully demonstrate the superiority of the compound feed provided by the present invention in terms of formulation design, functional realization and application effect. For those skilled in the art, equivalent substitution of raw materials, fine adjustment of proportions and adaptive changes of process parameters without departing from the principle of the present invention should be considered as falling within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0083] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art and related fields based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, shall be implemented according to conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A multi-nutrient feed formula for cattle and sheep to enhance immunity, characterized in that, It consists of the following components by weight percentage: (a) 40% to 70% of the energy and protein core feed, selected from one or more of corn, oats, beans, peanut meal, and sunflower seed meal; (b) 15% to 40% fiber and filler, selected from one or more of straw powder, wheat bran, soybean hulls, rice bran, tamarisk powder, alfalfa powder, and dried vegetable powder; (c) 8% to 25% mineral supplements, selected from one or more of eggshell powder, bone meal, shell powder, and dried fish viscera powder; (d) 3% to 15% of functional plant additives, selected from one or more of walnut powder, jujube powder, elm leaf powder, elm bark powder, and pine needle powder; (e) 2% to 10% of plant-based health-promoting ingredients.

2. The cattle and sheep feed formula for enhancing immunity according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant-based health-promoting functional material contains powdered Chinese herbal medicines with the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, and replenishing qi and strengthening the spleen.

3. The cattle and sheep feed formula for enhancing immunity according to claim 2, characterized in that, The herbal powder is composed of at least three of the following: dandelion, bitter lettuce, licorice, astragalus, codonopsis, and bupleurum.

4. The cattle and sheep feed formula for enhancing immunity according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the plant-based health-promoting functional materials, the herbal powder contains: 10%-30% dandelion, 10%-25% bitter lettuce, 15%-25% licorice, 15%-30% astragalus, 10%-20% codonopsis and 5%-15% bupleurum.

5. The cattle and sheep feed formula for enhancing immunity according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed contains 18%-28% crude protein and 8%-15% crude fiber.

6. The cattle and sheep feed formula for enhancing immunity with multiple nutrients according to claim 1, characterized in that, Its preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: each component raw material is dried separately; (2) Crushing: Crush each of the dried raw materials separately; (3) Mixing: Mix the raw material powders obtained in step (2) evenly according to the proportions described in claim 1; (4) Inspection and packaging: Sampling inspection of the mixed compound feed, and sewing and packaging after passing the inspection, with clear labeling.

7. The application of the multi-nutrient-rich cattle and sheep feed formula for enhancing immunity according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the preparation of cattle and sheep fattening feed.

8. The application of the multi-nutrient-rich cattle and sheep feed formula for enhancing immunity according to claim 7 in the preparation of cattle and sheep fattening feed, characterized in that, In the fattening diets for cattle and sheep, the compound feed is added at a rate of 8% to 50%.

9. The application of the multi-nutrient-rich cattle and sheep feed formula for enhancing immunity according to claim 8 in the preparation of cattle and sheep fattening feed, characterized in that, In the later stages of fattening, the compound feed is used as a complete feed.