Ruminant overwintering concentrate supplement feed and production method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a ruminant overwintering concentrate supplement feed and a production method thereof. The ruminant overwintering concentrate supplement feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of a basic raw material, 5-15 parts of a cold-resistant stress additive, 1-5 parts of a probiotic compound, 1-5 parts of a flavor improving component and 4-8 parts of a mineral supplement, the probiotic compound comprises lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and cellulose decomposition bacteria; the flavor improving component comprises molasses, vanilla powder, an acidifying agent and citric acid; the mineral supplement comprises calcium carbonate, calcium hydrophosphate, sodium chloride and compound trace elements, wherein the compound trace elements comprise iron, zinc, selenium and manganese. The basic raw materials comprise energy raw materials and protein raw materials, the ratio of the energy raw materials to the protein raw materials is 2: 1, and the energy raw materials are selected from at least two of corn, barley, wheat, wheat bran and rice bran; the protein raw materials are selected from at least two of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal and peanut meal. The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly provides a ruminant overwintering concentrate supplement feed and a production method thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed processing technology, specifically to a winter concentrate supplement for ruminants and its production method. Background Technology

[0002] Herbivorous animals such as cattle and sheep, which have multi-chambered stomachs, can digest cellulose feed through rumination. Generally, during the winter when pasture is scarce, they are fed winter concentrates to supplement their feed, providing them with high-energy and high-protein nutrition to maintain growth, milk production, and cold resistance.

[0003] Currently, ruminants mainly rely on stored hay, silage, and other roughage for overwintering, supplemented by conventional concentrates such as a simple mixture of corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran, to provide basic energy and protein. Production processes mostly employ traditional crushing, mixing, and granulation procedures, using high-temperature granulation to mature and sterilize the raw materials. Some manufacturers add functional ingredients such as probiotics during the mixing stage.

[0004] However, the following problems exist:

[0005] (1) The formula is not targeted enough, focusing only on basic nutritional supplementation and lacking cold stress-resistant functional components. Ruminants are prone to metabolic disorders and decreased immunity due to low temperature in winter, and the rumen fermentation efficiency is low, resulting in insufficient nutrient absorption.

[0006] (2) In the production process, high-temperature granulation will destroy heat-sensitive components such as vitamins and probiotics in the feed, causing functional components to fail and affecting the feeding effect;

[0007] (3) Poor palatability of feed, existing feed has a single flavor that is difficult to stimulate feeding, some products absorb water and are prone to clumping or oxidation and deterioration, and have a short shelf life. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the formulation of winter concentrate supplementary feed for ruminants is not targeted enough, the nutrient absorption rate is generally low, and the effective ingredients are easily lost due to the production process, and the palatability is poor.

[0009] This invention provides the following technical invention: The present invention proposes a winter concentrate supplement feed for ruminants, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of basic raw materials, 5-15 parts of cold stress-resistant additives, 1-5 parts of probiotic complex, 1-5 parts of flavor-improving components, and 4-8 parts of mineral supplements.

[0010] Probiotic complexes include lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and cellulolytic bacteria;

[0011] Flavor-enhancing ingredients include molasses, vanilla powder, acidifier, and citric acid;

[0012] Mineral supplements include calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, and complex trace elements, including iron, zinc, selenium, and manganese.

[0013] Preferred technical solution 1: The basic raw materials include energy raw materials and protein raw materials in a ratio of 2:1. The energy raw materials are selected from at least two of corn, barley, wheat, wheat bran, and rice bran; the protein raw materials are selected from at least two of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, and peanut meal.

[0014] Preferred technical solution 2: The cold stress-resistant additive includes vitamin C, vitamin E, betaine, L-carnitine, electrolyte balancer, and antioxidant.

[0015] Preferred technical solution three: 80 parts of the basic raw materials, 12 parts of cold stress-resistant additives, 4 parts of probiotic complex, 4 parts of flavor-improving components, and 6 parts of mineral supplements.

[0016] This invention relates to a method for producing a wintering concentrate supplement for ruminants, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Raw material pretreatment: After cleaning and removing impurities from each component of the basic raw material, coarsely crush it and pass it through a 20-40 mesh sieve for later use; crush the cold stress additive and mineral supplement to 100-120 mesh for later use.

[0018] S2. First mixing: Add the pretreated basic raw materials from S1, cold stress-resistant additives, and mineral supplements (excluding heat-sensitive vitamins) to the mixer and mix for 5-10 minutes to obtain the primary mixture;

[0019] S3. Low-temperature conditioning and granulation: The primary mixture is fed into a conditioner for conditioning, and then granulated at low temperature. The granulation temperature is controlled between 55-65℃ to obtain granular base material.

[0020] S4. Secondary spraying and mixing: The probiotic complex, flavor-improving components, and heat-sensitive vitamin C and vitamin E are formulated into a mixture and uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the particles through a liquid post-spraying system while the granular base material is cooled to 30-40°C.

[0021] S5. Cooling and Packaging: The coated pelleted feed is further cooled to room temperature and then sent to a low-temperature dryer to dry at 45~50℃ to a moisture content of 8~10% to remove excess moisture and extend the shelf life.

[0022] S6. Packaging: Remove broken particles by screening with a vibrating screen and then package them in quantitative quantities.

[0023] Furthermore, the conditioning in step S3 involves conditioning with steam at 65-75°C for 3-5 minutes to raise the moisture content of the material to 14-16%.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S3, a low-temperature ring die pellet mill is used to press the pellets, with a die hole diameter of 4~6mm.

[0025] The present invention proposes a winter concentrate supplement for ruminants and a production method thereof. The beneficial effects achieved by adopting the above scheme are as follows:

[0026] (1) By adding compound cold stress-resistant additives, the cold resistance and immunity of ruminants are systematically enhanced through multiple pathways such as anti-oxidation, regulation of osmotic pressure and promotion of fat metabolism. This directly targets the metabolic problems caused by cold stress in winter and improves the efficiency of nutrient utilization.

[0027] (2) The core production process of low temperature granulation and post-coating is adopted. Low temperature granulation avoids the damage of most heat-sensitive components to high temperature; while the most heat-sensitive probiotics and vitamins C and E are added through the post-coating process, so that the heat processing process is completely avoided, ensuring the activity and effectiveness of functional components.

[0028] (3) The addition of flavor-enhancing components significantly improves the palatability of the feed and stimulates animal feed intake in winter. At the same time, the reasonable formula and low-temperature process reduce Maillard reaction and oil oxidation. Combined with the use of antioxidants, the product is less prone to clumping and spoilage, thus extending its shelf life. The mineral supplement uses more easily absorbed organic trace elements, further improving the bioavailability of nutrients. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technologies described below will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0030] A wintering concentrate supplement for ruminants, the specific formula of which is as follows:

[0031] Basic ingredients: 80 parts; of which, energy ingredients are 35 parts corn flour and 17 parts wheat bran; protein ingredients are 20 parts soybean meal and 8 parts cottonseed meal; the total ratio of energy ingredients to protein ingredients is 2.05:1.

[0032] Cold stress relief additive: 12 parts; specifically including: Vitamin C 0.3 parts, Vitamin E 0.15 parts, Betaine 2.5 parts, L-carnitine 1.0 part, Sodium bicarbonate 4.0 parts, Ethoxyquinoline 0.05 parts.

[0033] Probiotic complex: 4 parts; specifically including: 1.5 parts of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, viable count ≥1.0×10^10 CFU / g), 1.5 parts of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, viable count ≥2.0×10^9 CFU / g), and 1.0 part of cellulolytic bacteria (Candida utilis, viable count ≥5.0×10^8 CFU / g).

[0034] Flavor-enhancing components: 4 parts; specifically including: 2.5 parts molasses, 0.5 parts vanilla powder, 0.5 parts fumaric acid, and 0.5 parts citric acid.

[0035] Mineral supplement: 6 parts. Specifically includes: 2.0 parts calcium carbonate, 1.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.8 parts sodium chloride, and 1.7 parts compound trace element premix (containing iron, zinc, selenium, manganese, etc.).

[0036] The production method of the above-mentioned feed specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Raw material pretreatment: The basic raw materials such as corn and soybean meal are coarsely crushed so that more than 90% of them pass through a 30-mesh sieve; the cold stress resistance additives (except for vitamins C and E) and mineral supplements are crushed separately using an ultra-fine pulverizer to pass through a 100-mesh sieve, and then set aside.

[0038] S2. First mixing: Add the pretreated base materials, the crushed cold stress additives (except vitamins C and E), and mineral supplements into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and mix for 8 minutes to obtain the primary mixture.

[0039] S3. Low-Temperature Conditioning and Granulation: The primary mixture is fed into a single-layer conditioner, and saturated steam at a pressure of 0.25 MPa and a temperature of 70°C is introduced for 4 minutes to condition the material, increasing the moisture content from approximately 12% to 15% and the temperature to 60°C. Subsequently, the material enters a low-temperature ring die pellet mill for pelleting, ensuring that the pellet extrusion temperature remains stable within the range of 60±2°C to obtain granular base material.

[0040] S4. Secondary Spray Mixing: The probiotic complex, flavor-enhancing components, and heat-sensitive vitamins C and E are mixed with an appropriate amount of water (2% of total weight) in a liquid preparation tank to form a suspension. The mixture is then evenly sprayed onto the surface of the granules using a liquid post-spraying system while the granule base material is cooled to 35±5℃ by a counter-flow cooler.

[0041] S5. Cooling and Drying: After spraying, the feed pellets continue to cool to room temperature of about 25°C, and then are sent to a low-temperature vibrating fluidized bed dryer to dry for 15 minutes under hot air conditions of 48°C, so that the moisture content of the final product is reduced to 9.5%.

[0042] S6. Screening and Packaging: Vibrating grading screens are used to remove particles and powders smaller than 3mm. Qualified products are then sealed in moisture-proof bags by an automatic quantitative packaging scale. Example 2

[0043] This embodiment provides another formulation of winter concentrate supplement for ruminants, the specific formulation of which is as follows:

[0044] Basic ingredients: 70 parts, of which the energy ingredients are 25 parts flaked barley and 15 parts rice bran; the protein ingredients are 18 parts rapeseed meal and 12 parts peanut meal. The total ratio of energy ingredients to protein ingredients is 2:1.5.

[0045] Cold stress relief additive: 10 parts; specifically including: 0.25 parts vitamin C, 0.1 parts vitamin E, 2.0 parts betaine, 0.8 parts L-carnitine, 3.0 parts potassium chloride, 0.05 parts antioxidant, and the remainder is a carrier.

[0046] Probiotic complex: 3 parts; the specific bacterial strain composition is the same as in Example 1, and the proportion of each strain is adjusted according to the required number of live bacteria.

[0047] Flavor-enhancing components: 2 parts; specifically including: 1.2 parts molasses, 0.3 parts vanilla powder, 0.25 parts acidifier, and 0.25 parts citric acid.

[0048] Mineral supplement: 5 parts. Calcium carbonate 1.5 parts, dicalcium phosphate 1 part, sodium chloride 0.8 parts, compound trace element premix (containing iron, zinc, selenium, manganese, etc.) 1.7 parts.

[0049] Its production method is basically the same as that of Example 1, with the main parameters adjusted as follows:

[0050] S1. The proportion of basic raw materials that have been crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve must be >85%.

[0051] S3. Conditioning is performed using 65℃ steam for 3 minutes, raising the material moisture content to 14%. Granulation uses a ring die with a die diameter of 5mm, controlling the extrusion temperature at 58±2℃.

[0052] S4. The cooling temperature of the granular base material during post-coating should be controlled at 40℃.

[0053] S5. The low-temperature drying temperature is 50℃, so that the final moisture content is 10%.

[0054] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, material, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, material, or apparatus.

[0055] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wintering concentrate supplement for ruminants, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of base raw materials, 5-15 parts of cold stress relief additives, 1-5 parts of probiotic complex, 1-5 parts of flavor-improving components, and 4-8 parts of mineral supplements. Probiotic complexes include lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and cellulolytic bacteria; Flavor-enhancing ingredients include molasses, vanilla powder, acidifier, and citric acid; Mineral supplements include calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, and complex trace elements, including iron, zinc, selenium, and manganese.

2. The winter concentrate supplement for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic raw materials include energy raw materials and protein raw materials in a ratio of 2:

1. The energy raw materials are selected from at least two of corn, barley, wheat, wheat bran, and rice bran; the protein raw materials are selected from at least two of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, and peanut meal.

3. The winter concentrate supplement for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cold stress relief additives include vitamin C, vitamin E, betaine, L-carnitine, electrolyte balancers, and antioxidants.

4. The winter concentrate supplement feed for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that... The ingredients consist of 80 parts of the basic raw materials, 12 parts of the cold stress-resistant additives, 4 parts of the probiotic complex, 4 parts of the flavor-improving components, and 6 parts of the mineral supplements.

5. A method for preparing a wintering concentrate supplement for ruminants according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: S1. Raw material pretreatment: After cleaning and removing impurities from each component of the basic raw material, coarsely crush it and pass it through a 20-40 mesh sieve for later use; crush the cold stress additive and mineral supplement to 100-120 mesh for later use. S2. First mixing: Add the pretreated basic raw materials from S1, cold stress-resistant additives, and mineral supplements (excluding heat-sensitive vitamins) to the mixer and mix for 5-10 minutes to obtain the primary mixture; S3. Low-temperature conditioning and granulation: The primary mixture is fed into a conditioner for conditioning, and then granulated at low temperature. The granulation temperature is controlled between 55-65℃ to obtain granular base material. S4. Secondary spraying and mixing: The probiotic complex, flavor-improving components, and heat-sensitive vitamin C and vitamin E are formulated into a mixture and uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the particles through a liquid post-spraying system while the granular base material is cooled to 30-40°C. S5. Cooling and Packaging: The coated pelleted feed is further cooled to room temperature and then sent to a low-temperature dryer to dry at 45~50℃ to a moisture content of 8~10% to remove excess moisture and extend the shelf life. S6. Packaging: Remove broken particles by screening with a vibrating screen and then package them in quantitative quantities.

6. The method for preparing a wintering concentrate supplement for ruminants according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conditioning in step S3 is carried out by steam at 65-75℃ for 3-5 minutes to raise the moisture content of the material to 14-16%.

7. The method for preparing a wintering concentrate supplement for ruminants according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, a low-temperature ring die pellet mill is used to press the pellets, with a die hole diameter of 4~6mm.