Plateau altitude self-adaptive compensation system and method for emergency breathing machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a plateau altitude self-adaptive compensation system and method for an emergency breathing machine. The plateau altitude self-adaptive compensation system comprises a sensing module, a control module, a power module, a gas circuit driving circuit, a man-machine interaction module, an execution module and an additional function module. Acquiring a plateau altitude self-adaptive compensation data set; the plateau altitude adaptive compensation data set comprises altitude height information, fan parameter information, atmospheric pressure information, airway pressure information, gas flow information and temperature information; training a preset fan drive control model by using the plateau altitude self-adaptive compensation data set to obtain an optimized fan drive control model; and processing plateau altitude self-adaptive compensation data to be processed by utilizing the optimized fan drive control model to realize plateau altitude self-adaptive compensation of the emergency breathing machine. The method can adapt to different altitudes and automatically compensate the influence of atmospheric pressure change on tidal volume and minute ventilation output precision.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a high-altitude adaptive compensation system and method for an emergency respirator. BACKGROUND

[0002] The atmospheric pressure decreases with the increase of altitude, and the air density becomes smaller, which has a significant impact on the respirator using air as the working medium: Turbine performance attenuation: The turbine fan provides the pneumatic source for the respirator. When the altitude increases and the air becomes thin, the speed required for the turbine to output the same pressure and flow rate needs to be significantly increased. If the speed remains unchanged, the output flow (tidal volume, minute ventilation) will be attenuated. According to the actual measurement, the maximum performance attenuation rate of the existing emergency respirator at 4500m altitude is 32.1%, and the actual output of the conventional simple respirator at 4507m altitude is only 8.5L / min when the minute ventilation set value is 10L / min, with a performance attenuation rate of 15%, which cannot meet the demand of high-altitude emergency.

[0003] Sensor measurement distortion: The commonly used differential pressure type flow sensor detects the volume flow. In high-altitude areas, the same volume of air has lighter mass, resulting in that the sensor detection value is lower than the actual mass flow. For example, at an altitude of 4000m (atmospheric pressure 616.4hPa), the differential pressure sensor detects a flow of 60L / min, while the standard equipment actually measures a flow of 76.9L / min, with an error of more than 28%; the oxygen concentration sensor has a deviation of more than 50% in low-altitude areas in a high-altitude low-pressure environment, which will make the tidal volume calculation value deviate from the true value, endangering the safety of patients.

[0004] Defects of the prior art: Although some respirators on the market have altitude compensation function, they have two defects: first, the compensation ability is limited, and some transport respirators can only work in an environment of 70kPa~110kPa (corresponding to an altitude of ≤2700m), which cannot cover the plateau above 4500m; second, most of them use open-loop control (fixed compensation coefficient), which cannot be dynamically adjusted according to real-time environmental changes (such as temperature fluctuations and air pressure changes), and have poor adaptability. In addition, the weight of the existing equipment is mostly 4.5~5.6kg, which has poor portability, and lacks protection design for high-altitude low-temperature, vibration and other environments, which is difficult to meet the demand of field emergency.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution that can automatically and accurately adapt to different altitudes, realize closed-loop feedback control, and ensure stable tidal volume output. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to provide a high-altitude adaptive compensation system and method for emergency ventilators, capable of adapting to different altitudes and automatically compensating for the impact of atmospheric pressure changes on the accuracy of tidal volume and minute ventilation output. This high-altitude adaptive compensation system and method for ventilators is based on closed-loop PID control and an altitude-speed comparison spectrum, combined with optimized selection of key components and additional functional design. The system can monitor ambient atmospheric pressure and temperature in real time, dynamically adjust the turbine fan speed through intelligent algorithms, perform dual-parameter (pressure + temperature) compensation correction on sensor data, and has pipeline heating and fan noise reduction functions. It can output set values ​​of tidal volume and minute ventilation at different altitudes, while meeting the requirements of lightweight design and resistance to harsh environments, ensuring the effectiveness and safety of high-altitude emergency care.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of this invention discloses a high-altitude adaptive compensation system for an emergency ventilator, the system comprising a sensing module, a control module, a power supply module, an airway drive circuit, a human-machine interface module, an execution module, and an additional function module; The sensing module is connected to the control module and the power module for data acquisition. The control module is connected to the sensing module, the power supply module, the pneumatic drive circuit, and the human-machine interaction module for system control. The power module is used to supply power to the sensing module, the control module, the pneumatic drive circuit, the human-machine interaction module, the execution module, and the additional function module; The pneumatic drive circuit is data-connected to the control module and the execution module, and is used to drive the execution module to work. The human-computer interaction module is data-connected to the control module and is used for human-computer interaction; The execution module is data-connected to the additional function module and the air path drive circuit, and is used to control the ventilation volume; The additional function module is connected to the execution module and the power module via data connection, and is used for noise reduction and heating.

[0008] As an optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the sensing module includes an airway pressure sensing unit, a flow monitoring unit, a temperature sensing unit, and an atmospheric pressure monitoring unit. The airway pressure sensing unit includes a pressure sensor and a signal processing circuit, which is used to collect airway pressure information and perform calibration processing. The flow monitoring unit includes a flow sensor installed at the air outlet of the airway assembly for collecting gas flow information; The temperature sensing unit is used to collect ambient and pipeline temperatures, providing data support for flow compensation and pipeline heating. The atmospheric pressure monitoring unit includes a MEMS piezoresistive atmospheric pressure sensor with precise temperature compensation, which collects ambient atmospheric pressure at a frequency of 1Hz to obtain atmospheric pressure information.

[0009] As an optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the execution module includes a turbine fan, a proportional valve, and a pressure relief valve; The turbine fan is a pneumatic power source, does not require oxygen cylinders, and adopts a magnetic field guided control drive method; The proportional valve is used to control the opening and closing of the airflow channel and the degree of opening. The adjustment step is 1%. During inhalation, the opening is increased to increase the flow rate. During exhalation, the opening is adjusted to control the positive end-expiratory pressure and prevent alveolar collapse. The threshold pressure of the pressure relief valve can be adjusted and, in conjunction with the proportional valve, is used to prevent high pressure in the airway.

[0010] As an optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the human-machine interaction module is composed of an LCD touch screen, which supports device start / stop control and parameter setting, displays airway pressure information, gas flow information, atmospheric pressure information, temperature information, fan speed and altitude information in real time, and supports exporting alarm logs via USB.

[0011] As an optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the additional functional module includes a breathing tubing heating unit and a fan noise reduction unit; The breathing tubing heating unit is used to adjust the tubing temperature through closed-loop control to prevent condensation and avoid patients inhaling cold air, which can cause mucosal dryness. The air intake channel of the fan noise reduction unit is designed as an upper and lower loop, and the air outlet is equipped with a concave spherical scattering guide and a baffle plate to reduce aerodynamic noise.

[0012] A second aspect of this invention discloses a high-altitude adaptive compensation method for emergency ventilators, the method comprising: S1, Obtain the plateau altitude adaptive compensation dataset; the plateau altitude adaptive compensation dataset includes altitude information, fan parameter information, atmospheric pressure information, airway pressure information, gas flow rate information, and temperature information; S2, using the plateau altitude adaptive compensation dataset, train the preset wind turbine drive control model to obtain an optimized wind turbine drive control model; S3. Using the optimized fan drive control model, the altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed is processed to realize altitude adaptive compensation for the emergency ventilator.

[0013] As an optional implementation, in the second aspect of the present invention, the step of using the optimized fan drive control model to process the altitude adaptive compensation dataset to achieve altitude adaptive compensation for the emergency ventilator includes: S31, initialize the system and use the sensing module to collect the plateau altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed; The altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed includes altitude information, fan parameter information, atmospheric pressure information, airway pressure information, gas flow rate information, and temperature information. S32 uses the human-machine interaction module and the execution module to set the initial fan speed; S33, using the control module, the altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed is processed to realize altitude adaptive compensation of the emergency ventilator.

[0014] As an optional implementation, in the second aspect of the present invention, the step of collecting the plateau altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed using a sensing module includes: S311 uses an atmospheric pressure monitoring unit to collect the current atmospheric pressure at a frequency of 1Hz to obtain atmospheric pressure information; The atmospheric pressure information is expressed as follows: In the formula, =101.325 kPa, H Altitude, accuracy , This is atmospheric pressure information; S312 uses a temperature sensing unit to collect ambient temperature and pipeline temperature to obtain temperature information; S313 uses an airway pressure sensing unit to collect airway pressure at a frequency of 200Hz to obtain airway pressure information. S314, using a flow monitoring unit, collects airway flow at a frequency of 100Hz to obtain gas flow information.

[0015] As an optional implementation, in the second aspect of the present invention, the process of using a control module to process the altitude adaptive compensation data to realize altitude adaptive compensation for the emergency ventilator includes: S331, The control module is used to process the plateau altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed to obtain control information; S332, according to the control information, the fan speed is controlled in a closed loop, and the fan drive power is adjusted according to the difference between the measured fan speed and the predicted fan speed. S333: When the error between the actual tidal volume / minute ventilation and the set value is less than or equal to the preset threshold within 3 consecutive respiratory cycles, the system enters the stable phase and reduces the closed-loop control amplitude of the fan speed. S334 utilizes a breathing tubing heating unit to adjust the heating wire power in a closed loop based on temperature information collected by a temperature sensing unit, thereby maintaining stable tubing temperature. The S335 utilizes a fan noise reduction unit to reduce fan vibration and airflow noise, enabling adaptive compensation for high-altitude conditions in emergency ventilators.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a high-altitude adaptive compensation system and method for emergency ventilators. It adapts to different altitudes and automatically compensates for the impact of atmospheric pressure changes on the accuracy of tidal volume and minute ventilation output. The system combines optimized selection of key components and additional functional design. It monitors ambient atmospheric pressure and temperature in real time, dynamically adjusts the turbine fan speed through intelligent algorithms, performs dual-parameter (pressure + temperature) compensation correction on sensor data, and features pipeline heating and fan noise reduction. It can output set values ​​of tidal volume and minute ventilation at different altitudes while meeting requirements for lightweight design and resistance to harsh environments, ensuring the effectiveness and safety of high-altitude emergency care. This invention features a wide altitude adaptability range, covering -500m to 8000m, with tidal volume attenuation ≤20% above 4500m, solving the problem of insufficient compensation capability in existing equipment; high control precision, employing closed-loop PID+FOC control combined with altitude-temperature dual-parameter compensation, with flow error ≤3%, ensuring ventilation safety; strong environmental adaptability, with temperature compensation from -40℃ to 85℃ and vibration / drop resistance, suitable for high-altitude battlefield environments; excellent portability and comfort, weighing ≤3kg, eliminating the need for oxygen cylinders, and with pipeline heating and noise reduction design, improving portability and patient comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-altitude adaptive compensation system for an emergency ventilator disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a high-altitude adaptive compensation method for an emergency ventilator disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the wind turbine drive control model disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the analog PID control system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a model diagram of the control system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a front view of the ventilator design layout disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a design layout diagram of the bottom of a ventilator disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, apparatus, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0021] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0022] This invention discloses a high-altitude adaptive compensation system and method for emergency ventilators. The system includes a sensing module, a control module, a power supply module, a gas path drive circuit, a human-machine interface module, an execution module, and additional function modules. It acquires a high-altitude adaptive compensation dataset, which includes altitude information, fan parameter information, atmospheric pressure information, airway pressure information, gas flow rate information, and temperature information. Using this dataset, a preset fan drive control model is trained to obtain an optimized fan drive control model. This optimized model is then used to process the high-altitude adaptive compensation data, achieving high-altitude adaptive compensation for the emergency ventilator. This invention's method can adapt to different altitudes and automatically compensate for the impact of atmospheric pressure changes on the accuracy of tidal volume and minute ventilation output.

[0023] The following sections will provide detailed explanations.

[0024] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-altitude adaptive compensation system for an emergency ventilator, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 The described altitude-adaptive compensation system for emergency ventilators is applied in the field of medical equipment technology, and the embodiments of this invention are not limited thereto. Figure 1 As shown, the high-altitude adaptive compensation system for emergency ventilators includes a sensing module, a control module, a power supply module, a gas path drive circuit, a human-machine interface module, an execution module, and an additional function module. The sensing module is connected to the control module and the power module for data acquisition. The control module is connected to the sensing module, the power supply module, the pneumatic drive circuit, and the human-machine interaction module for system control. The power module is used to supply power to the sensing module, the control module, the pneumatic drive circuit, the human-machine interaction module, the execution module, and the additional function module; The pneumatic drive circuit is data-connected to the control module and the execution module, and is used to drive the execution module to work. The human-computer interaction module is data-connected to the control module and is used for human-computer interaction; The execution module is data-connected to the additional function module and the air path drive circuit, and is used to control the ventilation volume; The additional function module is connected to the execution module and the power module via data connection, and is used for noise reduction and heating.

[0025] Optionally, the sensing module includes an airway pressure sensing unit, a flow monitoring unit, a temperature sensing unit, and an atmospheric pressure monitoring unit. The airway pressure sensing unit includes a pressure sensor and a signal processing circuit, which is used to collect airway pressure information and perform calibration processing. The flow monitoring unit includes a flow sensor installed at the air outlet of the airway assembly for collecting gas flow information; The temperature sensing unit is used to collect ambient and pipeline temperatures, providing data support for flow compensation and pipeline heating. The atmospheric pressure monitoring unit includes a MEMS piezoresistive atmospheric pressure sensor with precise temperature compensation, which collects ambient atmospheric pressure at a frequency of 1Hz to obtain atmospheric pressure information.

[0026] Optionally, the execution module includes a turbine fan, a proportional valve, and a pressure relief valve; The turbine fan is a pneumatic power source, does not require oxygen cylinders, and adopts a magnetic field guided control drive method; The proportional valve is used to control the opening and closing of the airflow channel and the degree of opening. The adjustment step is 1%. During inhalation, the opening is increased to increase the flow rate. During exhalation, the opening is adjusted to control the positive end-expiratory pressure and prevent alveolar collapse. The threshold pressure of the pressure relief valve can be adjusted and, in conjunction with the proportional valve, is used to prevent high pressure in the airway.

[0027] Optionally, the human-machine interaction module consists of an LCD touch screen, which supports device start / stop control and parameter setting, and displays airway pressure information, gas flow information, atmospheric pressure information, temperature information, fan speed and altitude information in real time, and supports exporting alarm logs via USB.

[0028] Optionally, the additional functional modules include a breathing tubing heating unit and a fan noise reduction unit; The breathing tubing heating unit is used to adjust the tubing temperature through closed-loop control to prevent condensation and avoid patients inhaling cold air, which can cause mucosal dryness. The fan noise reduction unit has an air intake channel designed as an upper and lower loop, and the air outlet is equipped with a concave spherical scattering guide and a baffle plate to reduce aerodynamic noise.

[0029] Therefore, this invention provides a high-altitude adaptive compensation system and method for emergency ventilators, capable of adapting to different altitudes and automatically compensating for the impact of atmospheric pressure changes on the accuracy of tidal volume and minute ventilation output. Based on closed-loop PID control and an altitude-speed comparison spectrum, combined with optimized selection of key components and additional functional design, this high-altitude adaptive compensation system and method for ventilators can monitor ambient atmospheric pressure and temperature in real time, dynamically adjust turbine fan speed through intelligent algorithms, perform dual-parameter (pressure + temperature) compensation correction on sensor data, and has pipeline heating and fan noise reduction functions. It can output set values ​​of tidal volume and minute ventilation at different altitudes, while meeting the requirements of lightweight design and resistance to harsh environments, ensuring the effectiveness and safety of high-altitude emergency care.

[0030] This invention has the following characteristics: 1. Wide altitude adaptability: Covers altitudes from -500m to 8000m, with tidal volume attenuation ≤20% above 4500m, solving the problem of insufficient compensation capacity of existing equipment; 2. High control precision: Adopts closed-loop PID+FOC control, combined with altitude-temperature dual parameter compensation, with flow error ≤3%, ensuring ventilation safety; 3. Strong environmental adaptability: Equipped with temperature compensation from -40℃ to 85℃ and vibration / drop resistance, suitable for high-altitude battlefield environments; 4. Excellent portability and comfort: Weighs ≤3kg, requires no oxygen cylinder, and features heating and noise reduction design for improved portability and patient comfort.

[0031] Example 2 Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a high-altitude adaptive compensation method for emergency ventilators disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The described altitude-adaptive compensation method for emergency ventilators is applied in the field of medical equipment technology, and the embodiments of this invention are not limited thereto. Figure 2 As shown, the altitude-adaptive compensation method for emergency ventilators includes: S1, Obtain the plateau altitude adaptive compensation dataset; the plateau altitude adaptive compensation dataset includes altitude information, fan parameter information, atmospheric pressure information, airway pressure information, gas flow rate information, and temperature information; S2, using the plateau altitude adaptive compensation dataset, train the preset wind turbine drive control model to obtain an optimized wind turbine drive control model; After removing outliers and normalizing the data in the plateau altitude adaptive compensation dataset, the plateau altitude adaptive compensation data matrix is ​​obtained. Altitude information (-500m~8000m) is divided into 500m increments, and temperature information (-20℃~40℃) is used to classify the fan parameters into 10 operating conditions, combined with atmospheric pressure, duct pressure, and gas flow information. Let the input variable matrix be X=[x1,x2,x3,x4,x5] (corresponding to: x1 altitude information, x2 fan parameter information, x3 atmospheric pressure information, x4 airway pressure information, x5 temperature information), and the output variable be Y (gas flow rate information); Establish the relationship between Y and X: in, This is the weight matrix. This is the first transition matrix. Here is the second transition matrix, and T is the transpose; The k-th element , Let X be the k-th element. Let Y be the k-th element. , The k-th element , The k-th element ; The mean of Y; Let X be the mean. It is 101.325 kPa (standard atmosphere). The atmospheric pressure in input X (the atmospheric pressure value of the current sample). The temperature in input X (converted to Kelvin, i.e.) Temperature +273.15 degrees Celsius. It is 273.15K (standard temperature).

[0032] The preset wind turbine drive control model is trained using X and Y to obtain an optimized wind turbine drive control model; The preset wind turbine drive control model is a CNN-LSTM model.

[0033] S3. Using the optimized fan drive control model, the altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed is processed to realize altitude adaptive compensation for the emergency ventilator.

[0034] Optionally, the step of using the optimized fan drive control model to process the altitude adaptive compensation dataset to achieve altitude adaptive compensation for the emergency ventilator includes: S31, initialize the system and use the sensing module to collect the plateau altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed; The altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed includes altitude information, fan parameter information, atmospheric pressure information, airway pressure information, gas flow rate information, and temperature information. S32 uses the human-machine interaction module and the execution module to set the initial fan speed; Users set target parameters (tidal volume / minute ventilation) and ventilation mode (volume control / pressure control) through the human-computer interaction module. The MCU matches the initial fan speed (e.g., 8500rpm when the altitude is 3000m and the set flow rate is 50L / min) based on the current altitude (buffer value) and the set flow rate to avoid flow fluctuations during startup.

[0035] S33, using the control module, the altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed is processed to realize altitude adaptive compensation of the emergency ventilator.

[0036] Optionally, the step of collecting the altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed using the sensing module includes: S311 uses an atmospheric pressure monitoring unit to collect the current atmospheric pressure at a frequency of 1Hz to obtain atmospheric pressure information; The atmospheric pressure information is expressed as follows: In the formula, =101.325 kPa, H Altitude, accuracy , This is atmospheric pressure information; S312 uses a temperature sensing unit to collect ambient temperature and pipeline temperature to obtain temperature information; S313 uses an airway pressure sensing unit to collect airway pressure at a frequency of 200Hz to obtain airway pressure information. S314, using a flow monitoring unit, collects airway flow at a frequency of 100Hz to obtain gas flow information.

[0037] Optionally, the process of using the control module to process the altitude adaptive compensation data to achieve altitude adaptive compensation for the emergency ventilator includes: S331, The control module is used to process the plateau altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed to obtain control information; The optimized wind turbine drive control model is embedded in the control module. Using the optimized wind turbine drive control model, the plateau altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed is processed to obtain control information. The control information includes gas flow information under the current altitude, wind turbine parameters, atmospheric pressure, airway pressure, and temperature. S332, according to the control information, the fan speed is controlled in a closed loop, and the fan drive power is adjusted according to the difference between the measured fan speed and the predicted fan speed. Specifically, based on the control information, the altitude-tidal volume-fan speed comparison spectrum is found, the fan speed is controlled in a closed loop, and the fan drive power is adjusted according to the difference between the measured fan speed and the predicted fan speed. Optionally, the predicted wind turbine speed can be calculated using the Kalman filter method, but this invention does not impose any limitations on this method.

[0038] S333: When the error between the actual tidal volume / minute ventilation and the set value is less than or equal to the preset threshold within 3 consecutive respiratory cycles, the system enters the stable phase and reduces the closed-loop control amplitude of the fan speed. S334 utilizes a breathing tubing heating unit to adjust the heating wire power in a closed loop based on temperature information collected by a temperature sensing unit, thereby maintaining stable tubing temperature. The S335 utilizes a fan noise reduction unit to reduce fan vibration and airflow noise, enabling adaptive compensation for high-altitude conditions in emergency ventilators.

[0039] In all embodiments of the present invention, the variables involved in all computational expressions or mathematical functions have been dimensionlessized before computation.

[0040] In all embodiments of the present invention, the values ​​of the independent variables in the input of all computational expressions or mathematical functions meet the reasonable requirements of the input range of the computational expressions or mathematical functions, and can ensure that the computational expressions or mathematical functions can be calculated smoothly without violating physical laws or mathematical rules.

[0041] Example 3 This embodiment provides a high-altitude adaptive compensation system and method for emergency ventilators. Based on closed-loop PID control and an altitude-speed comparison spectrum, combined with optimized selection of key components and additional functional design, this system provides a high-altitude adaptive compensation system and method for ventilators. The system can monitor ambient atmospheric pressure and temperature in real time, dynamically adjust the turbine fan speed through intelligent algorithms, perform dual-parameter (pressure + temperature) compensation correction on sensor data, and features pipeline heating and fan noise reduction functions. It can output set values ​​of tidal volume and minute ventilation at different altitudes, while meeting the requirements of lightweight design and resistance to harsh environments, ensuring the effectiveness and safety of high-altitude emergency care.

[0042] Sensing module It includes an atmospheric pressure sensor for real-time monitoring of ambient atmospheric pressure, a pressure sensor for monitoring patient airway pressure, and a flow sensor for monitoring gas flow. Real-time atmospheric pressure monitoring can be achieved in high-altitude regions.

[0043] It possesses the capability for real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional data across all high-altitude scenarios, accurately capturing key information such as ambient atmospheric pressure, patient airway pressure, gas flow rate, and temperature. It adapts to environments ranging from low to high altitudes, ensuring stable pressure data acquisition. In the airflow data acquisition phase, it filters out pulsating noise, guaranteeing continuous and accurate flow rate data throughout the respiratory cycle. Simultaneously, it performs high-frequency monitoring of airway pressure fluctuations, providing timely warnings of high-pressure risks and preventing airway damage to patients. Temperature data acquisition covers both environmental and tubing scenarios, providing reliable data support for subsequent flow compensation and tubing heating, forming a complete closed-loop data acquisition system encompassing "pressure-flow-pressure-temperature."

[0044] Atmospheric pressure monitoring unit: Employs a precision temperature-compensated atmospheric pressure detection sensor module, featuring high precision and high sensitivity. It enables real-time atmospheric pressure monitoring in high-altitude regions.

[0045] Flow monitoring unit: The flow monitoring unit is installed at the air outlet of the airway assembly. It is responsible for feeding back the measured data to the airway drive unit. The drive unit corrects the control output to ensure stable flow output and realize closed-loop control.

[0046] Airway pressure sensing unit: The airway pressure sensing unit is designed with an independent signal processing circuit to digitally compensate for the sensor's offset, sensitivity, temperature drift and nonlinearity. Using the power supply voltage as a reference, it generates a calibrated and temperature-compensated standard voltage signal to accurately monitor airway pressure and provide accurate feedback for output control.

[0047] Execution module A lightweight, highly responsive pneumatic drive system has been constructed, providing a stable pneumatic source without relying on oxygen cylinders. This system can quickly adapt to the airflow demands at different altitudes, significantly optimizing equipment size and weight. The opening and closing of the airflow channels can be precisely adjusted, improving airflow supply efficiency during inhalation and accurately maintaining positive end-expiratory pressure during exhalation to prevent alveolar collapse. A protective structure also prevents airway high pressure. Furthermore, a special structural design reduces turbine vibration and airflow noise, enhancing user comfort while ensuring driving performance.

[0048] Control module Employing an intelligent control logic of "pre-calibration + dynamic compensation + closed-loop control," and incorporating a three-dimensional comparison spectrum built from massive experimental data, the system can quickly determine the initial operating state based on real-time altitude and set ventilation parameters, avoiding flow fluctuations during startup. Through an optimized PID control algorithm, it dynamically calculates flow errors and synchronously adjusts the pneumatic source operating state and airflow opening to achieve coordinated matching of flow and pressure. Simultaneously, a multi-parameter compensation mechanism is introduced to convert the collected flow data into equivalent values ​​under standard conditions, updating the control baseline and ensuring the accuracy of ventilation parameters under different high-altitude environments. When the parameter error reaches a stable threshold, it automatically enters a stable phase, maintaining ventilation stability.

[0049] Human-computer interaction module This system provides a user-friendly operating framework adapted for wilderness emergency rescue scenarios, supporting precise settings of core ventilation parameters and rapid switching of ventilation modes. The interface is intuitive and easy to understand. It can display key equipment operating data in real time (such as atmospheric pressure, airway pressure, and altitude), allowing operators to clearly understand the equipment status and patient ventilation. It also features data management capabilities, exporting alarm logs containing fault information, time, and environmental parameters, facilitating subsequent fault analysis and emergency response process tracing, and solving the challenges of equipment monitoring and data retention in wilderness environments.

[0050] Composed of an LCD touch screen, it supports device start / stop control and parameter setting, and displays parameters such as atmospheric pressure, airway pressure, flow rate, fan speed, and altitude in real time; it also supports exporting alarm logs (including fault type, time, and environmental parameters) via USB.

[0051] Additional functional modules Designed specifically to address the harsh environment of high altitudes and the tolerance needs of patients, the device employs closed-loop control to maintain a stable temperature in the breathing tubing, preventing condensation at low temperatures and avoiding airway dryness caused by inhaling cold air, thus improving ventilation comfort. The device features a lightweight design, significantly enhancing its portability in the field. Its core components are vibration- and drop-resistant, and its wide-range power supply design can handle complex power supply scenarios and bumpy transportation environments in high-altitude areas, ensuring stable operation under extreme conditions and comprehensively guaranteeing the reliability of high-altitude emergency care and patient safety.

[0052] The breathing tubing heating unit is equipped with an electric heating wire and a high-precision temperature sensor inside the tubing. It adjusts the tubing temperature (target temperature 20℃~37℃) through closed-loop control to prevent condensation and avoid patients inhaling cold air, which can cause dryness of the mucous membranes. System composition such as Figure 1As shown, the circuit system consists of an airway pressure sensing unit, a flow monitoring unit, an atmospheric pressure monitoring unit, an airway drive circuit, a data processing unit, and a power supply. The power supply provides power to the entire system, the airway pressure, flow, and atmospheric pressure sensing units are responsible for collecting data, and the data processing unit is responsible for processing the data and controlling the airway drive circuit. The human-machine interface system mainly consists of an LCD screen, allowing users to set parameters and read data by directly touching the LCD screen.

[0053] Altitude-Adaptive Compensation Method for Emergency Ventilators 1. System Startup and Parameter Acquisition: (1) Environmental data collection After the system is powered on, the atmospheric pressure sensor collects the current atmospheric pressure at a frequency of 1Hz, and the temperature sensor collects the ambient temperature simultaneously. The MCU calculates altitude based on the International Standard Atmosphere Model (ISA), using the following formula: (P standard = 101.325 kPa, H is altitude, accuracy) The results are stored in the RAM cache.

[0054] (2) Tidal volume and fan parameter acquisition At altitudes of 500m, 1000m, 1500m to 5000m, the tidal volumes were set to 200ml, 400ml, 600ml to 2000ml, respectively. For each combination of altitude and tidal volume, the measured values ​​of the tidal volume output by the ventilator were recorded. For each combination of altitude and tidal volume, record the fan drive power and fan speed corresponding to the tidal volume output by the ventilator reaching the preset value.

[0055] Based on measured data, a wind turbine drive control algorithm is constructed. Using altitude and tidal volume setpoints as input parameters, and fan drive power and fan speed as output parameters, a fan drive control algorithm is constructed using machine learning algorithms to obtain the fan drive power and speed required to achieve the set tidal volume under different altitudes and tidal volume setpoints.

[0056] Initial fan speed setting Users set target parameters (tidal volume) and ventilation modes (volume control / pressure control) through the human-computer interaction module. The MCU uses the current altitude (buffer value) and the set tidal volume to call the altitude-tidal volume-fan speed comparison spectrum to match the initial fan speed (e.g., when the altitude is 3000m and the set flow rate is 50L / min, the initial speed is 8500rpm) to avoid flow fluctuations during startup.

[0057] The altitude-tidal volume-fan speed comparison spectrum is obtained by testing the actual output flow of the turbine fan at different speeds in an environment with an altitude of -500m to 8000m (with a gradient of 500m) and a temperature of -20℃ to 40℃. The "speed-flow" curve is fitted by the least squares method to form a lookup table with "altitude + set flow" as the index and "initial speed" as the output.

[0058] 4. PID closed-loop adaptive control of fan speed The PID control algorithm is used to perform closed-loop regulation of the fan speed. The fan drive power is adjusted based on the difference between the measured fan speed and the predicted fan speed (predicted by the fan drive control algorithm).

[0059] The fan speed is adjusted by PWM signal control of the drive circuit, with an adjustment step of 50 rpm (20 rpm in the steady stage) and a response time of ≤50 ms. The proportional valve opening is adjusted by controlling the proportional valve opening (in 1% increments) to balance airway pressure and flow. The opening is increased during inhalation and the positive end-expiratory pressure is controlled during exhalation. To improve robustness and tracking performance under different patient impedance / compliance, different operating points, and rapid switching between inhalation and exhalation, this design introduces lightweight machine learning feedforward compensation on the basis of traditional PID closed-loop control of fan speed, realizing an adaptive control strategy of "PID main closed loop + ML feedforward assistance".

[0060] PID control algorithm principle The block diagram of the PID control system is shown in Figure X. The system consists of a PID controller and the controlled object. Here, r(t) is the setpoint, y(t) is the system output, and e(t) is the error between the setpoint and the output.

[0061] As input for PID control, The PID controller serves as both the output and the input of the controlled object. Therefore, the expression for the analog PID controller is: in: The proportional gain of the controller. The integral coefficient of the controller, represents the differential coefficient of the controller.

[0062] a. Proportional section The mathematical expression for the proportional part is: .

[0063] In an analog PID controller, the proportional element's role is to react instantaneously to errors. The proportional coefficient is... That is, the step size of the control. The larger the value, the larger the range of each adjustment; however, excessively large values ​​can easily cause oscillations. Small, but requiring a long adjustment period. Therefore, it is necessary to choose an appropriate one. This results in small static errors, fast response, and stability.

[0064] b. Integral part The mathematical expression for the integral part is: .

[0065] Integration can eliminate static error, but it also increases the settling time and generates overshoot. The larger the value, the smaller the effect of integration. It will not produce oscillations during the adjustment process, but it will increase the time to eliminate static errors. A smaller integral has a larger integral effect, which can reduce the time required to eliminate static errors, but may lead to oscillation problems.

[0066] c. Differential part The mathematical expression for the differential part is: .

[0067] Differentiation can suppress error variations, reduce overshoot, decrease oscillations, and make the system more stable. However, differentiation is very sensitive to noise in the input signal, so filtering is required when using differentiation. The larger the value, the greater its effect in preventing changes in error; The smaller the value, the less effective it is at preventing changes in error.

[0068] The fan in this design does not have an integral component as the actuator; therefore, a positional PID controller is used for speed regulation, and the discretization process yields the following results: Where k is the sampling sequence number, k = 0, 1, 2, etc.; This represents the output value of the system at the k-th sampling iteration. This represents the error value input during the k-th sampling. This is the error value from the previous sampling input; The integral coefficient is... is the differential coefficient.

[0069] This design uses a vector control method to regulate the power of the turbine fan. The speed regulation principle of the vector control method is as follows: a constant current source drives the motor, and the main controller sends a pulse signal of a certain frequency to both ends of the constant current source. By changing the duty cycle of the pulse signal, the effective value of the constant current source is indirectly changed, thereby changing the power output of the constant current.

[0070] This design uses a trial-and-error method to tune the PID parameters. Following the order of proportional, then integral, and finally derivative, the PID parameters are adjusted using parameters such as the tidal volume and end-expiratory positive of the ventilator as benchmark signals to find the optimal PID parameters.

[0071] Feedforward compensation + gain scheduling (adaptive PID) The PID controller, acting as a safety closed loop, is responsible for the stable correction of the error between the measured speed and the target speed (or the speed predicted by the drive control algorithm), ensuring the interpretability and stability of the system. The machine learning model establishes a mapping relationship between "operating condition characteristics and required compensation PWM" through offline training. Based on characteristics such as target speed / pressure, measured speed, error and its rate of change, airway pressure and flow, and proportional valve opening, it outputs a feedforward compensation amount, which is pre-added to the control output before the error significantly increases, to offset transient impacts caused by load disturbances, changes in pipeline resistance, and the switching between inhalation and exhalation phases. The control output format is as follows: To ensure stable closed-loop control input, The feedforward compensation amount is the output of the machine learning module, and sat represents saturation and amplitude limiting. To ensure safety and verifiability, the feedforward compensation amount is set with strict amplitude and speed limits. When the model output is abnormal or features are missing, the system automatically reverts to "traditional feedforward / pure PID" control to ensure that the control response time and speed / valve opening step constraints always meet the design requirements.

[0072] 5. Coordination between control convergence determination and additional functions: When the error between the actual tidal volume / minute ventilation and the set value is ≤ the threshold (tidal volume) within 3 consecutive respiratory cycles (or 100 ms), / minute ventilation When the system enters a stable phase, reduce the adjustment range of the PID parameters; The breathing tubing heating unit adjusts the heating wire power in a closed loop based on the tubing temperature sensor data to maintain stable tubing temperature; the noise reduction unit operates throughout the process to reduce fan vibration and airflow noise.

[0073] 4 is a schematic diagram of the wind turbine drive control model disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the analog PID control system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a model diagram of the control system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a front view of the ventilator design layout disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a design layout diagram of the bottom of a ventilator disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Example 4 After the turbine fan is fully encased in a silicone support, it is suspended and fixed in the equipment housing at three points to ensure airflow below; the air intake channel adopts a flared design, gradually transitioning to an air passage area that matches the fan's air intake, and the air outlet is equipped with a concave spherical guide structure and a baffle. The flow sensor is installed at the air outlet of the airway assembly, the pressure sensor is positioned close to the patient, and the temperature sensors are embedded in the inner wall of the tubing and the outer casing of the device, respectively. The control module and the execution module are connected by an isolation circuit to avoid signal interference; the power supply module adopts a wide voltage design (9-15V) to adapt to outdoor power supply scenarios.

[0075] Modeling and Simulation: The system model was built on the Simulink platform using the Simscape component library. The turbine fan model is a calibrated Fan model based on the actual parameters (pressure / flow characteristic curve) of U51-DX-012KK-5, with a reference speed of 3000 rpm and a reference density. ; Proportional valve model: The 2-Way Directional Valve model is adopted, PVQ series flow characteristic data are imported, and the data is smoothed by linear interpolation. The lung model uses a single-chamber design, with a cylinder and piston to simulate the lung, and a spring to represent the lung's elasticity (compliance). C = KA 2, A For piston area, K (For spring coefficient), orifice plate simulates airway resistance ( , For flow coefficient, S (area of ​​the orifice) Without control, at an altitude of 0m (101325Pa), the fan speed is... Output flow At an altitude of 3000m (79500Pa), the flow rate decreases to [amount missing] at the same rotational speed. ; After adding PID control, the fan speed increased to [value] at an altitude of 3000m. Output flow restored to (Set value), error ≤3%; Tidal volume: 200~1200mL, error (Complies with GJB7125.2A-2012 requirements); At altitudes above 4500m: the maximum tidal volume attenuation is ≤20%, which is better than the 32.1% attenuation rate of existing equipment; The main unit weighs ≤3kg (excluding battery), improving portability compared to other devices on the market (4.5~5.6kg).

[0076] Front view design of the ventilator Figure 6 show, Figure 6 The button in the middle is the power button for the ventilator. The touch LED screen in area 3 displays relevant parameters of the ventilator, including measurements, respiratory rate, respiratory ratio, and oxygen concentration. The mode settings, data viewing, and temperature settings below can be selected and adjusted using the knobs in area 2.

[0077] Design diagram of the bottom of the ventilator as follows Figure 7 As shown, it includes an air intake ( Figure 7 1), sampling port ( Figure 7 (middle 2), and three air outlets ( Figure 7 (3) The ventilator interface can be connected to a common breathing tubing for use.

[0078] Features of this invention: 1. Wide altitude adaptability: Covering altitudes from -500m to 8000m, with tidal volume attenuation ≤20% above 4500m, solving the problem of insufficient compensation capacity of existing equipment; 2. High control precision: Adopting closed-loop PID+FOC control, combined with altitude-temperature dual parameter compensation, the flow error is ≤3%, ensuring ventilation safety; 3. Strong environmental adaptability: Equipped with temperature compensation from -40℃ to 85℃ and vibration / drop resistance, suitable for high-altitude battlefield environments; 4. Excellent portability and comfort: Weighing ≤3kg, no oxygen cylinder required, combined with pipeline heating and noise reduction design, improving portability and patient comfort.

[0079] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0080] Through the detailed description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each implementation method can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, including read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), one-time programmable read-only memory (OTPROM), electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, disk storage, magnetic tape storage, or any other computer-readable medium that can be used to carry or store data.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the altitude adaptive compensation system and method for emergency ventilators disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high altitude self-adaptive compensation system for an emergency ventilator, characterized in that, The system comprises a sensing module, a control module, a power module, a gas path driving circuit, a human-computer interaction module, an execution module and an additional function module; The sensing module is in data connection with the control module and the power module, and is used for data acquisition; The control module is in data connection with the sensing module, the power module, the gas path driving circuit and the human-computer interaction module, and is used for system control; The power module is used for power supply of the sensing module, the control module, the gas path driving circuit, the human-computer interaction module, the execution module and the additional function module; The gas path driving circuit is in data connection with the control module and the execution module, and is used for driving the execution module to work; The human-computer interaction module is in data connection with the control module, and is used for human-computer interaction; The execution module is in data connection with the additional function module and the gas path driving circuit, and is used for controlling ventilation volume; The additional function module is in data connection with the execution module and the power module, and is used for noise reduction and heating.

2. The high altitude self-adaptive compensation system for an emergency respirator according to claim 1, wherein, The sensing module comprises an airway pressure sensing unit, a flow monitoring unit, a temperature sensing unit and an atmospheric pressure monitoring unit; The airway pressure sensing unit comprises a pressure sensor and a signal processing circuit, and is used for collecting airway pressure information and performing calibration processing; The flow monitoring unit comprises a flow sensor installed at an air outlet of an airway assembly, and is used for collecting gas flow information; The temperature sensing unit is used for collecting environment and pipeline temperature, and provides data support for flow compensation and pipeline heating; The atmospheric pressure monitoring unit comprises a MEMS pressure resistance atmospheric pressure sensor which is precisely temperature compensated, and collects environment atmospheric pressure at a frequency of 1 Hz to obtain atmospheric pressure information.

3. The high altitude adaptive compensation system for a rescue ventilator of claim 1, wherein, The execution module comprises a turbo fan, a proportional valve and a pressure relief valve; The turbo fan is a pneumatic source, and does not need to rely on an oxygen cylinder, and adopts a magnetic field guide control driving mode; The proportional valve is used for controlling opening and closing and opening degree of a gas flow channel, and the adjustment step is 1%, the opening degree is increased to increase flow during inhalation, and the opening degree is adjusted to control positive end-expiratory pressure during exhalation, so as to prevent alveolar collapse; The threshold pressure of the pressure relief valve can be adjusted, and is used for avoiding high pressure in the airway in cooperation with the proportional valve.

4. The high altitude adaptive compensation system for a rescue ventilator of claim 1, wherein, The human-computer interaction module is composed of an LCD touch screen, supports device start-stop control and parameter setting, displays airway pressure information, gas flow information, atmospheric pressure information, temperature information, fan speed and altitude information in real time, and supports USB export of alarm logs.

5. The high altitude adaptive compensation system for a rescue ventilator of claim 1, wherein, The additional function module comprises a breathing pipeline heating unit and a fan noise reduction unit; The breathing pipeline heating unit is used for adjusting pipeline temperature through closed-loop control, preventing condensate water from being generated, and avoiding that cold air is inhaled by a patient to cause mucous membrane dryness; The air inlet channel of the fan noise reduction unit is designed as an up-down loop type, the air outlet is provided with a concave spherical scattering flow guide and a spoiler, and is used for reducing aerodynamic noise.

6. A method for high altitude adaptive compensation for emergency ventilator, applied to the high altitude adaptive compensation system for emergency ventilator of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method comprises: S1, obtaining a highland altitude self-adaptive compensation data set; the highland altitude self-adaptive compensation data set comprises altitude information, fan parameter information, atmospheric pressure information, airway pressure information, gas flow information and temperature information; S2, training a preset fan drive control model by using the high-altitude adaptive compensation data set to obtain an optimized fan drive control model; S3, processing the high-altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed by using the optimized fan drive control model to realize the high-altitude adaptive compensation of the emergency respirator.

7. The high altitude self-adaptive compensation method for the emergency respirator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The processing of the high-altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed by using the optimized fan drive control model to realize the high-altitude adaptive compensation of the emergency respirator comprises: S31, initializing the system and collecting the high-altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed by using a sensing module; The high-altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed comprises altitude information, fan parameter information, atmospheric pressure information, airway pressure information, gas flow information and temperature information; S32, performing initial fan speed setting by using a man-machine interaction module and an execution module; S33, processing the high-altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed by using a control module to realize the high-altitude adaptive compensation of the emergency respirator.

8. The high altitude self-adaptive compensation method for the emergency respirator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The collection of the high-altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed by using the sensing module comprises: S311, collecting the current atmospheric pressure at a frequency of 1 Hz by using an atmospheric pressure monitoring unit to obtain the atmospheric pressure information; The atmospheric pressure information expression is: wherein = 101.325 kPa, H is the altitude, with a precision , is the atmospheric pressure information; S312, collecting the ambient temperature and pipeline temperature by using a temperature sensing unit to obtain the temperature information; S313, collecting the airway pressure at a frequency of 200 Hz by using an airway pressure sensing unit to obtain the airway pressure information; S314, collecting the airway flow at a frequency of 100 Hz by using a flow monitoring unit to obtain the gas flow information.

9. The high altitude self-adaptive compensation method for the emergency respirator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The processing of the high-altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed by using the control module to realize the high-altitude adaptive compensation of the emergency respirator comprises: S331, processing the high-altitude adaptive compensation data to be processed by using the control module to obtain control information; S332, performing closed-loop regulation and control on the fan speed according to the control information, adjusting the fan drive power according to the difference between the measured fan speed and the fan speed prediction value; S333, when the error between the actual tidal volume / minute ventilation and the set value is less than or equal to a preset threshold value in the last 3 consecutive breathing cycles, the system enters a stable stage, and the closed-loop regulation and control amplitude of the fan speed is reduced; S334, using a breathing pipeline heating unit to close-loop adjust the heating wire power according to the temperature information collected by the temperature sensing unit to maintain the pipeline temperature stable; S335, using a fan noise reduction unit to reduce the fan vibration and airflow noise to realize the high-altitude adaptive compensation of the emergency respirator.

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