Low-cost single-soldier small unmanned aerial vehicle countering device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost single-soldier small unmanned aerial vehicle countering device and method. The low-cost single-soldier small unmanned aerial vehicle countering device comprises a launch canister; the interference projectile is arranged on the launching cylinder; wherein the interference projectile comprises a plastic shell and a delay blasting charge arranged in the plastic shell, and the space between the plastic shell and the delay blasting charge is filled with a plurality of cellosilk discs with heavy hammers; the detonation mode of the interference projectile is that the interference projectile explodes after being launched by delaying 4-5 s, and the air detonation height of the interference projectile is smaller than 50 m or ranges from 50 m to 80 m. The single-soldier small unmanned aerial vehicle countering device is low in cost, can be suitable for mass production and preparation, and is used for countering attack of the small unmanned aerial vehicle, so that effective interference on the small unmanned aerial vehicle is realized, and a high-value combat ratio is generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drone countermeasures. More specifically, this invention relates to a low-cost, man-portable small drone countermeasure device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Small drones have become a new favorite on the battlefield due to their ease of operation, high visibility, strong concealment, flexible deployment, and low cost, making them ideal for striking high-value targets. Specifically, in terms of combat effectiveness, small drones have the following advantages:

[0003] 1. The payload capacity of small drones can range from 300 grams to 15 kilograms, depending on the size of the drone. They can carry various types of grenades and anti-tank grenades. Popular civilian quadcopter drones can be transformed into powerful weapons on the battlefield with simple modifications.

[0004] 2. Attack capabilities of small drones: Through visual control, small drones can accurately carry out high-altitude bombing and suicide attacks. When they form drone swarms to conduct low-altitude attacks, their advantages are even more obvious, and the countermeasures that can be carried out on the ground are very limited.

[0005] 3. Small drones possess reconnaissance and strike capabilities. They are quiet, highly stealthy, have strong ground visibility, and are easy to operate. Small drones can be equipped with visual cameras, infrared cameras, or laser cameras, and their positioning information and detection images can be transmitted back to ground control stations or aerial platforms in real time. Using drones for high-altitude visual reconnaissance allows for rapid and real-time control of battlefield dynamics.

[0006] 4. When small drones fly at an altitude of over 100 meters, they are almost silent and difficult for the human eye to detect, making them appear as black dots. Even if a drone is detected, it is difficult to take effective countermeasures immediately. However, drones can clearly collect ground information and easily gain the initiative on the battlefield.

[0007] Currently, significant human and material resources have been invested in countermeasures against small drones, which have been developed, mainly as follows:

[0008] Air defense weapons: Anti-aircraft guns or anti-aircraft missiles are used for interception. The disadvantages are that the interception success rate is low and the cost is high due to the small size of the target.

[0009] Electromagnetic interference: Using electromagnetic waves of the same frequency to interfere with the control chain, GPS signal and transmission signal of the drone, causing the drone to lose control, lose positioning information, and be forced to return automatically, make an emergency landing or spontaneously combust and crash. The disadvantages are that it requires dedicated jamming personnel, the electromagnetic interference interception time is long, the accuracy is poor, the efficiency is low, it is easy to be attacked by drone swarms, and the jamming efficiency against drone swarms is even lower.

[0010] Gunfire: Using bullets to aim and fire, or firing a barrage of bullets. The disadvantages are that the target is small, the accuracy of individual soldiers shooting upwards is low, the range is short, and a lot of ammunition is often consumed when intercepting. Not only is the hit rate low, but if you can't hit the target in one shot, you can only be passively attacked.

[0011] Laser illumination: Using lasers to track and illuminate drones, or using laser energy to burn drones. The disadvantage is that detection and tracking require specialized large equipment, and attacks also require high-power laser equipment, making it unsuitable for individual use.

[0012] Smoke jamming: Launching smoke grenades to interfere with the drone's visual camera. The disadvantage is that smoke grenades have weak interference capabilities at high altitudes, and drones do not rely on visual flight.

[0013] Drone-on-Drone Interception: Drones equipped with capture nets or Molotov cocktails are used to counterattack incoming drones. The disadvantages are low efficiency, weak aerial combat capability of drones, and unsuitability for single-soldier operation.

[0014] As can be seen from the above, when comparing the combat value of drones, there is a significant difference in the combat effectiveness of existing countermeasures. That is, the current methods of countering drones are complex, the efficiency of countermeasures is still very low, and a simple and effective countermeasure has not yet been formed. Summary of the Invention

[0015] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and / or defects, and to provide at least the advantages described below.

[0016] To achieve these objectives and other advantages of the present invention, a low-cost, man-portable small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) countermeasure device is provided, comprising:

[0017] Launch tube;

[0018] Challenging projectiles positioned in the launch tube;

[0019] The chaff projectile includes a plastic shell and a time-delay explosive charge disposed inside the plastic shell, wherein the space between the plastic shell and the time-delay explosive charge is filled with multiple fiber discs with weights.

[0020] The detonation method of the chaff projectile is to explode 4-5 seconds after launch, and the airburst altitude of the chaff projectile is less than 50 meters or between 50 and 80 meters.

[0021] Preferably, the fiber disc is made of polyethylene material;

[0022] The diameter of the fiber in the fiber filament disc is set to 0.14-0.22 mm, the length is 5 m, and the tensile strength of the fiber is not less than 2 kg / fiber per 100 meters.

[0023] Preferably, the launching tube uses compressed air, rifle grenade, or wire-launched firing as the launching power.

[0024] The launch height of the launch tube is set to within 100 meters.

[0025] A low-cost method for countering man-portable small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which employs a low-cost man-portable small UAV countermeasure device, includes:

[0026] A soldier can use a handheld countermeasure device to aim at the drone and launch the jamming projectiles into the air in sequence by activating the launch tube.

[0027] After the chaff projectile is launched, the delayed fuse of the chaff projectile detonates the explosive inside the projectile, causing the projectile to explode through the plastic shell at a predetermined height in the air.

[0028] Without the constraint of the plastic shell, the fiber discs inside the interference projectile are scattered in all directions by the explosive force, and the fibers in each fiber disc are linearly dispersed in all directions under the action of the heavy hammer, thus constructing multiple fiber meshes.

[0029] Multiple fiber meshes float briefly in the air and slowly fall freely from high altitude. When any fiber approaches the drone, the rotating propeller in the air will attract or pull the fiber, causing the fiber to drift into the location of the propeller and become entangled.

[0030] When a drone's propeller is entangled, it slows down or stops rotating, thus losing power and crashing, achieving a countermeasure effect.

[0031] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the individual soldier small drone countermeasure device of the present invention has low cost, is suitable for mass production and deployment, and is used to counter the attack of small drones, thereby achieving effective interference with small drones and generating high-value combat ratio.

[0032] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fiber filament disc of the present invention from winding to unfolding;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of the interfering projectile of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the launching process of the countermeasure device of the present invention, which uses gunpowder as the launching power.

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A diagram illustrating the projectile detonation time.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the tensile force borne by the fiber filaments of the present invention in a small drone. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0039] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0040] When personnel or vehicles detect drone tracking, if ground personnel cannot effectively evade or counterattack, they will face a one-sided, indiscriminate attack from the drone. If ground personnel possess a simple and effective countermeasure device that can quickly form combat capability and directly launch jamming projectiles into the air, effectively preventing drone attacks, then the advantage of small drones in attacking the ground will be significantly reduced. Therefore, this invention develops a novel countermeasure device for small drones, providing a simple and effective countermeasure for individual soldiers encountering small drone attacks. Its development concept is inspired by inexpensive fireworks. If multiple jamming projectiles are launched into the air like fireworks, the fibers carried by these projectiles explode in the sky, forming a fine fiber net that blocks the drone's path. Drones have poor evasive and reactive capabilities in the air; once they touch the net, the fibers will entangle the drone's propellers, causing it to lose power and crash. If one countermeasure fails, ground personnel can launch jamming projectiles multiple times to continue the countermeasure; the closer the distance, the higher the interception success rate.

[0041] This invention provides a low-cost, man-portable small drone countermeasure device that can effectively interfere with the reconnaissance, high-altitude bombing, and suicide attacks of small rotary-wing drones, providing a simple, effective, and low-cost countermeasure weapon for individual soldiers against small drones. Typically, a low-cost, man-portable small drone countermeasure device mainly includes: a launch tube; and a decoy projectile housed in the launch tube. The decoy projectile comprises: a plastic shell and a time-delay explosive charge inside the plastic shell. Multiple fiber optic coils with weights are filled between the plastic shell and the time-delay explosive charge. In this design, the launch tube typically uses compressed air, a grenade launcher, or a detonator as the launching power. In practical applications, if compressed air is used, a compressed air cylinder is placed inside the launch tube. By releasing the compressed gas from the cylinder, a high-pressure chamber is formed inside the launch tube, launching the decoy projectile into the air. If a grenade launcher is used, the decoy projectile is made into a grenade warhead and distributed to the soldier as a grenade decoy projectile. The soldier can use a rifle to launch the grenade decoy projectile to interfere with the drone.

[0042] Furthermore, this invention provides a detailed description of the structure and working principle of the countermeasure device using a wire-launched method:

[0043] I. From a structural perspective, the countermeasure device employs a wire-launch method, such as... Figure 1-3 As shown, it includes a launch tube 1, a decoy projectile 2, a fuse (not shown), and a propellant charge 3:

[0044] The decoy projectile 2 includes a plastic outer shell 20 and a time-delay explosive charge 21 disposed inside the plastic outer shell 20. The space between the plastic outer shell and the time-delay explosive charge is filled with multiple fiber filament coils 23 each containing a weight 22. Each fiber filament coil 23 consists of a weight 22 and orderly coiled fiber filaments 24. The time-delay explosive charge 21 is installed in the middle of the decoy projectile 2.

[0045] II. Working principle of the countermeasure device using the lead-in firing method

[0046] A soldier holds the countermeasure device, activates its fuse, aligns it with the drone, releases the safety, triggers the fuse, and ignites the propellant charge. The propellant charge burns inside the launch tube, generating high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The combined effect of the gas and the launch tube creates an explosive force that propels the decoy projectile into the air. Simultaneously, the projectile's delayed-action fuse ignites. After launch, the delayed-action fuse detonates the internal explosive, causing the projectile to explode in mid-air. The outer shell is ejected, and the internal coil and counterweight are scattered by the explosive force. The fibers, propelled by the counterweight, spread outwards, forming a fiber network covering tens of square meters in the air. (It should be noted that this network refers to multiple linear fibers radiating outwards from the explosion point, forming a large-area, web-like distribution. However, it is not like a spider web where fibers are interconnected; as long as any one fiber becomes entangled with the drone's rotor, the countermeasure is achieved.) The countermeasure device's launch tube sequentially ignites the next propellant charge, and the explosion of the propellant charge launches the next decoy projectile into the air, until all the decoy projectiles in the launch tube are launched into the air.

[0047] Multiple fiber nets float briefly in the air and slowly fall freely from high altitude. Once a drone approaches the fiber net, the exposed propellers will cause the fibers to be attracted when they churn the air. Once the high-speed rotating propellers come into contact with the fibers, they will become entangled, causing the propellers to slow down or stop rotating. The drone will immediately lose power and crash.

[0048] Furthermore, in order to ensure the effective implementation of the handheld countermeasure device for individual soldiers, its performance parameters and operating principles will be analyzed next:

[0049] 1.1. Parameter Design of Countermeasure Device

[0050] 1) Bullet weight: 170 grams / piece;

[0051] 2) Projectile launch altitude: less than 100 meters;

[0052] 3) Projectile airburst height: less than 50 meters, or between 50 and 80 meters;

[0053] 4) Projectile coverage range: 20m 2 / piece;

[0054] 5) Fiber mesh retention time: 30 seconds (wind speed less than 3 m / s);

[0055] 6) Tensile strength of bullet fiber filament: not less than 2 kg / filament;

[0056] 7) Projectile detonation method: delayed explosion for 4-5 seconds;

[0057] 8) Number of jamming pellets for individual soldier countermeasures: 4 pellets / pellet;

[0058] 9) Propellant: Black powder.

[0059] 1.2. Launch altitude of the countermeasure device

[0060] Based on actual measurements and analysis, small drones have a range of less than 50 meters, a reliable bombing altitude between 30-50 meters, and suicide drones can initiate their attack from an altitude of 100 meters. Therefore, the launch altitude of the chaff projectile can be set within 100 meters. Using a simplified formula for artillery shell range, with a launch angle of 90° and a launch altitude of 100 meters, the initial velocity of the chaff projectile can be calculated as follows:

[0061]

[0062] In the above formula: V is the initial velocity of the projectile, in m / s; H is the projectile's launch height, in m; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s². 2 θ is the projectile launch angle, in degrees.

[0063] Calculations show that the initial velocity of the projectile needs to be at least 45 m / s.

[0064] 1.3. Coverage range of chaff projectiles

[0065] Each bullet fiber filament is 5m long. Calculate the maximum coverage area of ​​the interfering bullet fiber filament:

[0066] A=πr 2 ≈75m 2 (2)

[0067] In the above formula: A represents the area, in meters. 2 ; r is the fiber length, in meters.

[0068] In actual use, due to the difference in the amount of explosive in the packaging, the projectiles explode in different directions, and the actual coverage area of ​​the fiber mesh exploded by each projectile will vary greatly. The launch of multiple jamming projectiles can form an effective jamming coverage.

[0069] 1.4. Detonation altitude and delayed detonation time of the chaff projectile

[0070] A time-delay fuse is used to detonate the decoy projectile in the air.

[0071] When the chaff projectile is launched into the air, the high-temperature propellant ignites the chaff projectile's fuse, causing it to explode within the designed delay time.

[0072] Calculate the launch time required for a decoy projectile to reach its highest point when it is launched from an initial velocity of 45 m / s and its kinetic energy is zero at a launch height of 100 meters, after which it begins free fall.

[0073] t=V0 / g (3)

[0074] In the above formula: t is time, in seconds; V0 is the initial velocity of the projectile, in m / s; g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0075] Calculations show that it takes 4.5 seconds for the decoy projectile to rise to 100 meters at its initial velocity. This time can be used to determine the projectile's delayed detonation time.

[0076] like Figure 4 As shown, multiple projectiles can be designed with various detonation times (e.g., detonation point A for detonation time t1, detonation point B for detonation time t2, and detonation point C for detonation time t3) to adapt to combat drones at different altitudes. The projectile's large-area coverage capability does not require high accuracy in detonation timing. The calculation of the launch kinetic energy at the launch tube muzzle...

[0077] The chaff projectiles are launched from launch tubes, with each tube containing four projectiles. The projectiles are propelled into the air by a propellant charge within the tube. The kinetic energy generated by the propellant charge determines the initial velocity and launch altitude of the projectiles.

[0078] The explosion of the propellant charge releases a large amount of chemical energy and high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The expanding gas interacts with the launch tube, doing work and propelling the projectile. In actual use, air resistance, the combustion capacity of the propellant charge, and the sealing of the launch tube all affect the initial velocity of the projectile. Based on empirical values, this calculation uses an initial velocity of 100 m / s. The kinetic energy required to launch the propellant charge is:

[0079]

[0080] In the above formula: E is the launch kinetic energy, in joules (J); m is the projectile mass, in kilograms (Kg); V0 is the initial velocity of the projectile, in m / s.

[0081] Weight of the chaff projectile: (5m fiber filament reel) 10g×5 + (weight) 20g×5 + (explosive charge) 2g + (outer shell) 18g = 170g;

[0082] According to formula (4), the kinetic energy required for the launch port of the countermeasure device is E≥900 joules.

[0083] If black powder is used as the propellant, it has been found that each kilogram of black powder releases 0.265 mg / kg of propellant. 3 The gaseous products release 750-850 kJ of energy. If we disregard the work capacity of the launch tube, then 2 grams of black powder per propellant pack is sufficient to launch one projectile.

[0084] Alternatively, explosives with higher energy density can be used as propellant charges.

[0085] Table 1. Reference Table for Propellant Energy Selection

[0086] Types of explosives Energy density (KJ / Kg) <![CDATA[Gaseous substance (M 3 )]]> TNT 4520 0.73 nitroglycerin 6700 0.76 Black powder 850 0.265

[0087] 1.5. Calculation of the tension of the fiber filaments in the interference projectile

[0088] Small drones mostly use brushless DC motors to drive propellers for flight propulsion. Small drones generally use brushless motors below 500W, with torque between 0.8-4 N·m. Based on motor characteristics, the rotor torque reaches its maximum when the motor stalls. The maximum torque is used to calculate the tension the fiber filament needs to withstand.

[0089] F = T / L (5)

[0090] In the above formula, T is torque, in N·m; F is tension, in N; and L is the lever arm length, in m. The lever arm of a small drone is approximately 0.4m. Assuming the two propellers are wound simultaneously, the fiber filament must withstand twice the tension. Figure 5 As shown ( Figure 5 In the diagram, L1 represents the distance between the four brushless DC motor rotors of the drone, and L2 represents the vertical distance between the brushless DC motor rotor and the drone's axis. The brushless DC motor drives the drone's rotors to rotate 4 times, generating lift. Fiber filament 24 is wound between two rotors or between the rotor and the fuselage. Calculations show that each fiber filament must withstand a tensile force of 26N and 2.6Kg or more to avoid being broken by the propeller. The fiber filaments winding around the rotors prevent them from continuing to rotate, thus causing the drone to lose its lift-off power.

[0091] 1.6. Material selection for the fibers in the interfering projectile

[0092] The fiber filaments are made from widely used and inexpensive polyethylene raw materials. The fine fibers made of polyethylene have a certain tensile strength, are lightweight, have a certain degree of stretchability and extremely low memory, and are not prone to tangling. They can be prefabricated into discs that are less prone to self-entanglement. Multiple discs of fiber filaments form a decoy projectile. After the decoy projectile explodes in the air, the hammer, relying on the explosive force, detonates in all directions. The hammer pulls and causes the ends of each fiber disc to disperse, ultimately forming a divergent linear fiber network. According to the calculation of formula (5), polyethylene fiber filaments with a diameter of approximately 0.16 mm are sufficient to meet the tensile strength requirements for preventing the rotor rotation of a small UAV.

[0093] Table 2. Reference for selecting fiber tensile strength

[0094]

[0095] As can be seen from the table above, the two relatively universal materials, polyethylene fiber and nylon fiber, both meet the performance parameter requirements of this invention in terms of diameter and tensile strength, and can be directly applied to the chaff projectile of this invention. However, under the same tensile strength, polyethylene fiber can be made with a finer diameter using different processes, which can meet the needs of small volume. Moreover, polyethylene fiber has a better unfolding ability, and its filaments can be directly unfolded into a linear state without any external force. Nylon fiber has better flexibility. Therefore, the two materials can be selected and matched according to different usage needs and performance requirements.

[0096] The above solution is merely an illustration of a preferred example and is not limited thereto. When implementing this invention, appropriate substitutions and / or modifications can be made according to the user's needs.

[0097] The number of devices and processing scale described herein are for the purpose of simplifying the description of the invention. Applications, modifications, and variations of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0098] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Other modifications can be readily made by those skilled in the art. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A low-cost, man-portable small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) countermeasure device, characterized in that, include: Launch tube; Challenging projectiles positioned in the launch tube; The chaff projectile includes a plastic shell and a time-delay explosive charge disposed inside the plastic shell, wherein the space between the plastic shell and the time-delay explosive charge is filled with multiple fiber discs with weights. The detonation method of the chaff projectile is to explode 4-5 seconds after launch, and the airburst altitude of the chaff projectile is less than 50 meters or between 50 and 80 meters.

2. The low-cost, single-soldier small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) countermeasure device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber filament discs are made of polyethylene material. The diameter of the fiber in the fiber filament disc is set to 0.14-0.22 mm, the length is 5 m, and the tensile strength of the fiber is not less than 2 kg / fiber per 100 meters.

3. The low-cost, single-soldier small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) countermeasure device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The launch tube can be powered by any one of compressed air, rifle grenade, or wire-launched launch. The launch height of the launch tube is set to within 100 meters.

4. A low-cost method for countering small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for individual soldiers, implemented using the low-cost small UAV countermeasure device as described in claim 1, characterized in that... include: A soldier can use a handheld countermeasure device to aim at the drone and launch the jamming projectiles into the air in sequence by activating the launch tube. After the chaff projectile is launched, the delayed fuse of the chaff projectile detonates the explosive inside the projectile, causing the projectile to explode through the plastic shell at a predetermined height in the air. Without the constraint of the plastic shell, the fiber discs inside the interference projectile are scattered in all directions by the explosive force, and the fibers in each fiber disc are linearly dispersed in all directions under the action of the heavy hammer, thus constructing multiple fiber meshes. Multiple fiber meshes float briefly in the air and slowly fall freely from high altitude. When any fiber approaches the drone, the rotating propeller in the air will attract or pull the fiber, causing the fiber to drift into the location of the propeller and become entangled. When a drone's propeller is entangled, it slows down or stops rotating, thus losing power and crashing, achieving a countermeasure effect.

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