Cascade utilization battery pack

Abstract

The invention relates to a cascade utilization battery pack, and belongs to the technical field of batteries, the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules, a liquid cooling system, a thermal insulation material, a temperature sensor, a thermal runaway early warning system and a battery management system; the liquid cooling system is used for cooling each battery module through circulating cooling liquid; the thermal insulation materials are arranged among the battery modules, and the temperature sensors are arranged on the battery modules and connected with the thermal runaway early warning system; the thermal runaway early warning system is used for monitoring the temperature of each battery module according to sensing information of the temperature sensor; and the battery management system is used for disconnecting the connection circuit of the battery module with abnormal temperature when the temperature abnormal information sent by the thermal runaway early warning system is received. The thermal runaway risk of the battery module can be found in time, intervention is performed through the liquid cooling system, the thermal insulation material and the dynamic circuit partition, thermal runaway diffusion is prevented, and the safety performance of the battery pack is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a cascade utilization battery pack. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the vigorous development of new energy vehicle industry, the retirement tide of power batteries has arrived. A large number of retired power batteries still have considerable residual capacity. If they are directly disassembled and recycled, not only resources will be wasted, but also the goal of green and sustainable development will be contrary. Therefore, cascade utilization is considered as an important way to solve the outlet of retired batteries and maximize the value of the whole life cycle, that is, the retired power batteries are applied to energy storage systems, low-speed electric vehicles, communication base stations and other fields with lower energy density requirements.

[0003] However, there are many safety problems in the cascade utilization process of retired batteries, such as aggravated consistency problem, difficulty in accurately evaluating the state of health, and aging of mechanical and electrical structures. These safety problems seriously restrict the process of large-scale commercial application.

[0004] Among all the above safety problems, the thermal runaway diffusion problem of single battery is particularly prominent and fatal. The battery pack in the cascade utilization scenario usually comes from retired batteries of different batches and different life states, and its thermal stability is already questionable. Once a weak single battery enters a thermal runaway state due to internal short circuit, overcharge, etc., it will release a large amount of heat and flammable gas instantly. Since the thermal management and protection design of the existing cascade utilization battery pack is usually based on the standard of new batteries, or simplified for cost, its heat insulation capacity, heat dissipation efficiency and fault isolation mechanism are all insufficient. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a cascade utilization battery pack to solve the problem of insufficient heat dissipation management of the existing cascade utilization battery pack.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a cascade utilization battery pack, which comprises a plurality of battery modules, a liquid cooling system, a thermal insulation material, a temperature sensor, a thermal runaway early warning system and a battery management system. The liquid cooling system is used to cool each battery module by circulating cooling liquid. The thermal insulation material is arranged between each battery module, and the temperature sensor is arranged on each battery module and connected with the thermal runaway early warning system. The thermal runaway early warning system is used to monitor the temperature of each battery module according to the sensing information of the temperature sensor. The battery management system is connected to the thermal runaway early warning system and is used to disconnect the connection circuit of the battery module with abnormal temperature when it receives temperature abnormality information sent by the thermal runaway early warning system.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the thermal runaway early warning system is connected to the liquid cooling system and is further configured to control the liquid cooling system to perform targeted enhanced cooling on the battery module with abnormal temperature when an abnormal temperature is detected.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the thermal runaway early warning system is further configured to control the flow rate of coolant to the battery module with abnormal temperature through the liquid cooling system based on the temperature change trend of the battery module with abnormal temperature.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the battery pack further includes pressure sensors disposed on each of the battery modules, the pressure sensors and the liquid cooling system being connected to the battery management system; the status information includes current and voltage information; the battery management system is also used to receive coolant flow control information sent by the liquid cooling system, and to determine the cause of the abnormality of the battery module with abnormal temperature based on the coolant flow control information, the current information, voltage information and pressure information of the battery module with abnormal temperature, and to generate alarm information based on the cause of the abnormality.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the battery management system is further configured to, upon receiving temperature anomaly information sent by the thermal runaway early warning system, determine the series-parallel connection status of the battery module with the temperature anomaly, and determine the disconnection method of the battery module with the temperature anomaly based on the series-parallel connection status.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the battery module includes multiple parallel battery cells and a voltage equalization circuit; the voltage equalization circuit is used to regulate the voltage balance among the individual battery cells in the battery module.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the battery module is equipped with an internal communication module, which is connected to the battery management system and is used to transmit the status information of the battery module to the battery management system in real time.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the battery pack includes an external communication module for communicating with an external monitoring system.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the external communication module is used to encrypt the communication content when communicating with the external monitoring system.

[0015] In one possible implementation, a heat sink is provided on the inner side of the battery pack casing.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The battery pack for secondary use of this invention collects battery module temperature data in real time through temperature sensors, and performs dynamic analysis and risk warning by a thermal runaway early warning system. At the same time, it combines the directional enhanced cooling function of the liquid cooling system, the thermal isolation effect of the battery module heat-insulating material, and the dynamic battery module circuit isolation function of the battery management system to effectively block the chain propagation path of thermal runaway. This significantly improves the operational safety of the battery pack in secondary use scenarios, enables real-time monitoring of battery module temperature, timely detection of thermal runaway risks, effective prevention of thermal runaway propagation, and improves the safety performance of the battery pack. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure of an embodiment of the battery pack for cascaded use provided by the present invention; 10-Battery pack, 110-Battery module, 120-Insulation material, 130-Liquid cooling system, 140-Temperature sensor, 150-Thermal runaway warning system, 160-Battery management system. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence, nor to indicate or imply their relative importance or implicitly specify the number of indicated technical features. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class, and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more.

[0021] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural schematic of an embodiment of the battery pack for cascaded use provided by the present invention. The battery pack 10 includes multiple battery modules 110, a liquid cooling system 120, a heat insulation material 130, a temperature sensor 140, a thermal runaway early warning system 150, and a battery management system 160.

[0023] The liquid cooling system 120 is used to cool each battery module 110 by circulating coolant; Thermal insulation material 130 is disposed between each battery module 110, and temperature sensor 140 is disposed on each battery module 110 and connected to thermal runaway early warning system 150. The thermal runaway early warning system 150 is used to monitor the temperature of each battery module 110 based on the sensing information of the temperature sensor 140. The battery management system 160 is connected to the thermal runaway warning system and is used to disconnect the connection circuit of the battery module with abnormal temperature when it receives temperature abnormality information sent by the thermal runaway warning system.

[0024] In the implementation of the cascaded utilization of battery packs, multiple battery modules 110 are integrated inside the pack body. A liquid cooling system 120 cools each battery module 110 with circulating coolant to efficiently remove the heat generated during battery operation. Thermal insulation material 130 is arranged between each battery module 110 to form a continuous thermal isolation barrier to block the heat transfer path between battery modules. Temperature sensors 140 are installed on the surface of each battery module 110 to collect temperature data in real time and transmit it to a thermal runaway early warning system 150. This early warning system dynamically monitors the temperature of each battery module 110 based on the received sensor information, identifies potential thermal runaway risks by analyzing temperature change trends, and thus provides a data basis for safety protection. The temperature sensor 140 can be a platinum resistance temperature sensor (PT100), which is fixed in the central area of ​​the battery module 110 to ensure measurement accuracy; the heat insulation material can be an aerogel heat insulation felt with a thickness of 3 to 5 mm, which is filled in the gap between adjacent battery modules to achieve efficient heat insulation; the liquid cooling system includes aluminum heat sinks, silicone tubing and a circulation pump, and the coolant is a mixture of ethylene glycol and deionized water.

[0025] The thermal runaway early warning system 150 refers to a system used to monitor the temperature of each battery module 110 based on the sensing information from the temperature sensor 140. Specifically, it can be a monitoring unit based on an ARM Cortex-M microcontroller, used to continuously process temperature signals and perform real-time monitoring functions. Its monitoring function can be implemented using hardware-based comparator circuits or software-based data analysis algorithms, such as real-time judgment based on preset temperature thresholds or trend analysis using historical temperature data, primarily to detect temperature anomalies.

[0026] The battery management system 160 is a system used to monitor the operating status of the battery pack and perform safety control functions. It can be implemented using a microcontroller-based embedded system or a dedicated integrated circuit. Its purpose is to process battery-related data in real time and trigger isolation actions. The connection can be understood as establishing a bidirectional communication link to achieve information exchange, and can be implemented using a CAN bus, RS485 bus, or wireless communication module. Disconnecting the connection circuit means cutting off the electrical path between the faulty battery module 110 and the main circuit of the battery pack. This can be implemented using an electromagnetic relay, solid-state switch, or contactor, with the purpose of physically isolating the thermal runaway source and preventing the fault from spreading.

[0027] In summary, this embodiment addresses the safety risks caused by insufficient heat insulation, low heat dissipation efficiency, and lack of fault isolation mechanisms in existing battery pack designs through the synergistic effect of temperature sensor 140, thermal runaway early warning system 150, heat insulation material 130, liquid cooling system 120, and battery management system 160.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thermal runaway early warning system 150 is connected to the liquid cooling system 120 and is also used to control the liquid cooling system 120 to perform targeted enhanced cooling on the battery module 110 when an abnormal temperature is detected.

[0029] The connection between the thermal runaway early warning system 150 and the liquid cooling system 120 refers to establishing a direct control signal transmission channel between the two. This can be achieved using a hard-wired interface or a wireless communication module. The purpose is to ensure that the thermal runaway early warning system 150 can send commands to the liquid cooling system 120 in a timely manner, significantly reducing response delay. When an abnormal temperature is detected in a battery module 110, the abnormal state is dynamically determined based on real-time data from the temperature sensor 140. This can be achieved by setting a temperature threshold or analyzing the rate of temperature change. The purpose is to accurately identify the specific battery module 110 that needs intervention, avoiding resource waste caused by indiscriminate cooling. Controlling the liquid cooling system 120 to perform targeted enhanced cooling on the abnormal temperature battery module 110 refers to performing targeted cooling on the abnormal temperature battery module 110. This can be achieved by adjusting the opening of the coolant distribution valve or activating a local enhanced cooling unit. The purpose is to quickly suppress the temperature rise trend of the abnormal battery module 110 and effectively block the heat transfer path.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the thermal runaway early warning system 150 can be an embedded controller integrating a temperature analysis algorithm, and the liquid cooling system 120 includes multiple independently controlled solenoid valves, each corresponding to a cooling channel of a battery module 110. When the temperature sensor 140 reports an abnormal temperature in a battery module 110, the embedded controller directly controls the solenoid valve corresponding to that battery module 110 to open wider, increasing the coolant flow rate and achieving targeted enhanced cooling, while avoiding interference with the cooling resources of other normal modules.

[0031] In summary, this embodiment establishes a closed-loop automated mechanism from temperature monitoring to cooling execution by directly connecting the thermal runaway early warning system 150 and the liquid cooling system 120. When the temperature sensor 140 detects that the temperature of a specific battery module 110 exceeds a preset safety threshold, the thermal runaway early warning system 150 dynamically generates a control signal based on real-time data. This signal is directly transmitted to the liquid cooling system 120, triggering a targeted cooling operation for the abnormal battery module 110. The liquid cooling system 120 adjusts the flow direction and intensity of the coolant accordingly, concentrating resources on the problem area for enhanced heat dissipation. This rapidly reduces the local temperature in the early stages of thermal runaway, effectively preventing heat diffusion to adjacent modules and providing targeted protection against poor battery consistency in secondary battery packs.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thermal runaway early warning system 150 is also used to control the flow rate of coolant flowing to the battery module 110 with abnormal temperature through the liquid cooling system 120 according to the temperature change trend of the battery module 110 with abnormal temperature.

[0033] Among them, the temperature change trend refers to the rate or pattern of temperature change over time. It can be achieved by continuously monitoring temperature data and calculating the slope. The purpose is to assess the urgency of thermal runaway and distinguish between slow temperature rise and rapid runaway scenarios. Controlling the coolant flow rate can be understood as adjusting the amount of coolant flowing to a specific battery module 110. It can be achieved by adjusting the valve opening or changing the pump speed. The purpose is to dynamically match the cooling intensity with the stage of thermal runaway risk development, and avoid over-cooling when the risk is controllable or insufficient response when the risk is high.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, the thermal runaway early warning system 150 uses a microcontroller to process the data from the temperature sensor 140 in real time and calculate the temperature change rate. When the temperature change rate is detected to exceed a preset threshold, the system increases the flow of coolant to the abnormal battery module 110 by controlling a proportional valve. When the change rate is lower than the threshold, the microcontroller can adjust the variable frequency pump to reduce the flow rate, thereby achieving dynamic optimization of cooling intensity.

[0035] In summary, this embodiment uses a thermal runaway early warning system 150 to acquire continuous monitoring data from temperature sensors 140 in real time, analyzes temperature change trends to identify the risk level of thermal runaway, and dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the liquid cooling system 120 based on the temperature change trend analysis results. When the temperature change trend indicates a high risk, the coolant flow rate is increased to enhance heat dissipation, quickly suppress the temperature rise, and prevent heat transfer between battery modules 110 that could trigger a chain reaction. When the temperature change trend indicates that the risk is controllable, the flow rate is reduced to minimize unnecessary energy consumption and mechanical stress caused by excessive coolant flow. This mechanism ensures a strict correspondence between cooling intensity and the dynamic development of thermal runaway, effectively compensating for the shortcomings of relying solely on static temperature monitoring, and significantly improving the responsiveness and resource utilization efficiency of the thermal management system.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thermal runaway early warning system 150 is also used to directly issue an alarm message when an abnormal temperature is detected in the battery module 110.

[0037] The alarm message is a warning signal that indicates an abnormal temperature status to the operator or external monitoring system. It can be implemented by means of audible and visual alarm devices, wireless communication modules or wired data interfaces. The purpose is to ensure that the manual intervention process can be triggered in time while the automatic cooling mechanism is running, so as to avoid delays in risk handling due to missing information.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, the thermal runaway early warning system 150 is specifically implemented as an embedded microcontroller unit. When the temperature sensor 140 detects an abnormal temperature, the unit drives the LED warning light on the battery pack casing to flash and activates the Bluetooth communication module to send a digital alarm message to an external monitoring terminal.

[0039] In summary, the thermal runaway early warning system 150 continuously receives and analyzes real-time monitoring data from the temperature sensor 140. When it is identified that the temperature of a specific battery module 110 exceeds the preset safety threshold, it immediately activates the alarm information generation function. At the same time, the linkage mechanism between this system and the liquid cooling system 120 ensures that targeted enhanced cooling operation is initiated at the same time as the alarm information is issued. This forms a dual protection mechanism of automatic response and manual intervention in the early stage of temperature anomaly, effectively improving the early handling capability of thermal runaway risk.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the battery module 110 is provided with an internal communication module, which is connected to the battery management system 160 and is used to transmit the status information of the battery module 110 to the battery management system 160 in real time.

[0041] The internal communication module refers to a dedicated communication unit integrated within the battery module 110. It can be implemented using a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus or a Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus. Its purpose is to complete information acquisition directly within the battery module 110, avoiding signal delays and interference caused by relying on external lines or indirect sensors. The connection between the internal communication module and the battery management system 160 can be understood as a reliable data link established through physical cables or wireless communication. Its purpose is to ensure the stability and low latency of information transmission, ensuring that key parameters can be continuously and uninterruptedly transmitted. Specifically, real-time transmission of status information refers to dynamically updating the data stream in a continuous or high-frequency manner. Its purpose is to enable the management system to make immediate decisions based on the latest status, effectively addressing the monitoring challenges caused by differences in the health status of individual battery cells in the secondary battery pack.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, the internal communication module is a CAN controller integrated on the printed circuit board of the battery module 110. For example, a standard CAN protocol chip can be used to implement the communication function. It establishes a point-to-point connection with the battery management system 160 through shielded twisted pair cable to ensure that the status information is protected from external electromagnetic interference during transmission, while supporting the synchronous acquisition and packet transmission of data from multiple nodes within the module.

[0043] In summary, this embodiment directly collects key parameters such as current, voltage, temperature, and health status inside the battery module 110 through an internal communication module, and continuously transmits them through a dedicated connection with the battery management system 160. This enables the battery management system 160 to receive and process this in-situ information in real time, thereby quickly identifying risk trends such as voltage imbalance or abnormal temperature rise, triggering early warning or intervention measures before thermal runaway occurs, and forming a closed-loop monitoring mechanism from information collection to risk response.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, alarm information may also be issued by the battery management system 160. Specifically, the battery pack 10 also includes pressure sensors disposed on each battery module 110, and the pressure sensors and the liquid cooling system 120 are connected to the battery management system 160; the status information sent by the internal communication module of the battery module to the battery management system 160 includes current and voltage information; the battery management system 160 is also used to receive coolant flow control information sent by the liquid cooling system 120, and determine the cause of the abnormality of the battery module 110 with abnormal temperature based on the coolant flow control information, the current and voltage information of the battery module 110 with abnormal temperature, and the pressure information (sent by the pressure sensor) on the battery module 110 with abnormal temperature, and generate alarm information based on the cause of the abnormality. Among them, the causes of abnormality include: overcharging, over-discharging, high-rate charging; mechanical collision, squeezing; liquid cooling system failure, etc.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, the battery management system 160 is further configured to determine the series-parallel connection status of the battery module with abnormal temperature when receiving temperature abnormality information sent by the thermal runaway early warning system, and determine the disconnection method of the battery module with abnormal temperature based on the series-parallel connection status.

[0046] The series and parallel connection states between battery modules can be fixed or dynamically switchable. Different series and parallel connection states require different circuit isolation operations. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the battery management system 160 receives temperature anomaly information from the thermal runaway early warning system, it can first determine the series and parallel connection states of the battery modules with abnormal temperatures, and then perform circuit isolation operations accordingly. Specifically, when the battery modules with abnormal temperatures are in parallel connection, the circuit isolation can be achieved directly through a contactor / relay on the parallel branch containing the battery module with abnormal temperatures. When the battery modules with abnormal temperatures are in series connection, the circuit isolation can be achieved through a contactor / relay on the bypass circuit connected in series with the battery module with abnormal temperatures.

[0047] This embodiment can accurately isolate battery modules with abnormal temperatures based on their actual series and parallel connection status.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, the battery module 110 includes a plurality of parallel battery cells and a voltage equalization circuit; the voltage equalization circuit is used to regulate the voltage balance between the individual battery cells in the battery module 110.

[0049] Among them, multiple parallel battery cells refer to the battery module 110 being composed of multiple battery cells connected in parallel. It can be achieved by using retired lithium-ion battery cells from different batches or with different health conditions connected in parallel. The purpose of its introduction is to adapt to the diverse sources of batteries for cascade utilization and to provide basic current output capability. The voltage balancing circuit can be understood as a circuit system used to regulate the voltage balance of each battery cell in the battery module 110. It can be implemented using active balancing technology (such as charge transfer circuits based on switched capacitors or inductors) or passive balancing technology (such as resistor discharge circuits). The purpose of its introduction is to solve the voltage imbalance problem caused by differences in the health conditions of individual cells and to prevent some cells from being subjected to abnormal voltage stress.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, the battery module 110 of this application is provided with multiple retired battery cells connected in parallel. The voltage equalization circuit specifically includes a microcontroller unit and multiple switched capacitor modules. The microcontroller unit periodically samples the voltage value of each battery cell. When the voltage deviation is detected to exceed a preset threshold, it controls the switched capacitor modules to transfer charge between the cells with higher voltage and the cells with lower voltage to achieve voltage equalization.

[0051] In summary, this embodiment forms a current output path through multiple parallel battery cells within the battery module 110. However, due to the inconsistent health status of the battery cells used in the cascaded utilization, the parallel connection can easily amplify voltage differences. The voltage balancing circuit dynamically adjusts the energy distribution based on the real-time voltage status of each cell, and ensures that the voltage of all cells in the module remains balanced through continuous monitoring and regulation, thereby effectively suppressing local overcharging or over-discharging caused by voltage imbalance.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the battery pack 10 includes an external communication module for communicating with an external monitoring system.

[0053] The external communication module refers to the hardware interface component in the battery pack 10 used to establish a data transmission channel with the external monitoring system. It can be implemented using wireless communication technology (such as 4G, Wi-Fi mobile communication module) or wired communication technology (such as Ethernet interface). Its purpose is to provide the battery pack with independent data transmission capability, ensuring that internal monitoring information can be transmitted to the external environment in real time, breaking through physical isolation limitations.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, the external communication module can be a hardware module with integrated 4G communication function. This module accesses the public mobile network through a SIM card and encodes the temperature anomaly signal output by the thermal runaway early warning system 150 into a standard communication data packet, which is then pushed to the cloud monitoring platform in real time. This allows remote operators to view the early warning information and trigger emergency procedures instantly through terminal devices.

[0055] In summary, this embodiment enables the external communication module to capture the abnormal temperature information generated by the thermal runaway early warning system 150 in real time through the signal connection between the external communication module and the thermal runaway early warning system 150. The information is then transmitted to the external monitoring system via a preset communication protocol. In this process, the external communication module acts as an information relay node, effectively connecting the internal safety monitoring mechanism of the battery pack with the external response system. This establishes a low-latency data flow path between monitoring data generation and remote decision execution, avoiding the response lag problem caused by information silos.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present invention, the external communication module is used to encrypt the communication content when communicating with an external monitoring system.

[0057] The external communication module refers to the communication interface unit used to realize data transmission between the battery pack and the external monitoring system. It can be implemented using a wireless communication module or a wired communication interface. Its purpose is to establish a reliable data transmission channel to support remote monitoring of battery status information. Encryption processing refers to the secure encoding of the transmitted communication content to prevent unauthorized access. It can be implemented using symmetric encryption algorithms or asymmetric encryption algorithms. Its purpose is to convert the original data into an unreadable form to ensure that sensitive information is not illegally interpreted or tampered with during transmission.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, the external communication module may specifically adopt a communication chip with integrated advanced encryption standard functions. This chip encrypts the status information of the battery module 110 before data transmission and establishes a secure connection with the external monitoring system through a standard communication protocol.

[0059] In summary, this embodiment automatically triggers an encryption mechanism when establishing a connection with an external monitoring system via an external communication module. This mechanism encodes the temperature, voltage, and other status information provided by the battery management system 160 in real time, converting the raw data into encrypted form before transmission. This effectively prevents third parties from illegally obtaining or tampering with sensitive information in the event of eavesdropping or interference on the communication link, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of data transmission.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, a heat sink is provided on the inner side of the battery pack casing.

[0061] Among them, heat sink refers to a structural component used to enhance heat conduction efficiency. It can be made of finned structure made of high thermal conductivity metal materials such as aluminum or copper. The surface can be designed as corrugated or finned to increase the heat dissipation area. Its purpose is to quickly conduct the internal heat generated during battery operation to the external environment by shortening the heat conduction path and improving the heat diffusion capability.

[0062] In one specific embodiment, the heat sink may be an aluminum fin structure, which is fixed to the inner surface of the battery pack housing by welding or bonding. The fins extend in a direction parallel to the arrangement direction of the battery module 110, so as to maximize the contact area and adapt to the curved contour of the inner surface of the housing.

[0063] In summary, this embodiment directly places the heat sink inside the battery pack casing, enabling the heat sink to capture the heat generated during the operation of the battery module 110 in real time. By utilizing the properties of the high thermal conductivity material and the structural features of the increased surface area, the heat is quickly conducted from the heat source area to the inner surface of the casing, thereby avoiding heat retention and local accumulation inside the battery pack and transferring heat to the external environment more efficiently.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the methods described in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be a disk, optical disk, read-only memory, or random access memory, etc.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack for cascaded use, characterized in that, The battery pack includes multiple battery modules, a liquid cooling system, thermal insulation materials, temperature sensors, a thermal runaway warning system, and a battery management system; The liquid cooling system is used to cool each of the battery modules by circulating coolant. The thermal insulation material is disposed between each of the battery modules, and the temperature sensor is disposed on each of the battery modules and connected to the thermal runaway early warning system; The thermal runaway early warning system is used to monitor the temperature of each battery module based on the sensing information from the temperature sensor. The battery management system is connected to the thermal runaway early warning system and is used to disconnect the connection circuit of the battery module with abnormal temperature when it receives temperature abnormality information sent by the thermal runaway early warning system.

2. The battery pack for cascaded use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal runaway early warning system is connected to the liquid cooling system and is also used to control the liquid cooling system to perform targeted enhanced cooling on the battery module with abnormal temperature when an abnormal temperature is detected.

3. The battery pack for cascaded use according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thermal runaway early warning system is also used to control the flow rate of coolant to the battery module with abnormal temperature through the liquid cooling system based on the temperature change trend of the battery module with abnormal temperature.

4. The battery pack for cascaded use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery management system is also used to determine the series-parallel connection status of the battery module with the abnormal temperature when it receives temperature abnormality information sent by the thermal runaway early warning system, and to determine the disconnection method of the battery module with the abnormal temperature based on the series-parallel connection status.

5. The battery pack for cascaded use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module is equipped with an internal communication module, which is connected to the battery management system and is used to transmit the status information of the battery module to the battery management system in real time.

6. The battery pack for cascaded use according to claim 5, characterized in that, The battery pack also includes pressure sensors installed on each of the battery modules. The pressure sensors and the liquid cooling system are connected to the battery management system. The status information includes current and voltage information. The battery management system is also used to receive coolant flow control information sent by the liquid cooling system, and to determine the cause of the abnormality of the battery module with abnormal temperature based on the coolant flow control information, the current and voltage information of the battery module with abnormal temperature, and the pressure information it receives, and to generate alarm information based on the cause of the abnormality.

7. The battery pack for cascaded use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module includes multiple parallel battery cells and a voltage equalization circuit; the voltage equalization circuit is used to regulate the voltage balance among the individual battery cells in the battery module.

8. The battery pack for cascaded use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack includes an external communication module for communicating with an external monitoring system.

9. The battery pack for cascaded use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external communication module is used to encrypt the communication content when communicating with the external monitoring system.

10. The battery pack for cascaded use according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heat sink is provided on the inner side of the battery pack casing.

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