A low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method and system based on Beidou RDSS

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of communication technology, especially to a kind of low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method and system based on RDSS of Beidou.The communication method includes the following steps: telemetry terminal real-time monitoring the power state of itself and the signal strength of the environment it is in;According to the power state and signal strength monitored, in combination with the preset power-signal strength mapping table, the transmission power and data transmission rate of telemetry terminal are dynamically adjusted;When the signal strength is lower than the preset threshold, automatically switch to the backup transmission channel for data transmission;According to the channel quality, real-time adjustment of coding and modulation parameters.The present application dynamically adjusts the transmission power and transmission rate by real-time monitoring of power and signal strength, in combination with the power-signal strength mapping table, switches to the backup channel when the signal is weak, and adjusts the parameters of adaptive coding and modulation during transmission.The scheme solves the defects in the prior art, reduces power consumption and prolongs endurance, improves the adaptability of different environments, and ensures reliable data transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method and system based on BeiDou RDSS. Background Technology

[0002] In the current field of remote monitoring and data transmission, satellite communication-based telemetry terminals play a crucial role. Especially in remote areas, marine regions, or areas with poor terrestrial communication network coverage, the BeiDou RDSS system, due to its unique satellite communication capabilities, has become a key means of achieving reliable data transmission. However, existing BeiDou RDSS-based telemetry terminals face numerous problems in practical applications.

[0003] First, power consumption severely restricts the application range and battery life of telemetry terminals. In existing technologies, BeiDou RDSS user terminals often need to maintain a high transmission power continuously during data transmission to ensure successful signal transmission to the satellite and subsequent relay. For example, traditional BeiDou user terminals may have instantaneous transmission power of several watts or even higher when transmitting signals. This significantly shortens the battery life of battery-powered telemetry terminals. Taking common field environmental monitoring equipment as an example, it typically uses lithium batteries with limited capacity. If existing BeiDou RDSS user terminals are used, the batteries may need to be replaced or recharged every few hours to days, which is extremely inconvenient in practical applications, especially in remote areas that are difficult to access.

[0004] Secondly, existing telemetry terminals lack adaptability. Different application scenarios and environmental conditions have significantly different requirements for data transmission, such as signal strength, transmission rate, and data volume. However, existing BeiDou RDSS-based telemetry terminals often use fixed communication parameters and transmission modes, failing to adapt to actual conditions. For example, in mountainous areas or other regions where signals are easily blocked, existing telemetry terminals may not be able to adjust transmission power or switch transmission channels in a timely manner, leading to data transmission interruptions or increased bit error rates; they also cannot automatically increase the transmission rate to meet demand in the event of a sudden increase in data volume.

[0005] Furthermore, existing technologies need improvement in the reliability and stability of data transmission. Due to the complex nature of satellite communication environments, which are susceptible to weather, electromagnetic interference, and other factors, existing telemetry terminals lack effective countermeasures. For example, in severe weather conditions such as heavy rain or sandstorms, signal attenuation is severe, and existing terminals may be unable to guarantee accurate data transmission, leading to data loss or errors, which can affect subsequent decision-making and analysis.

[0006] In summary, existing telemetry terminals based on BeiDou RDSS have significant shortcomings in terms of power consumption, adaptability, and data transmission reliability. There is an urgent need for a new communication method and system to solve these problems in order to meet the growing demand for remote monitoring and data transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the significant shortcomings of existing BeiDou RDSS-based telemetry terminals in terms of power consumption, adaptability, and data transmission reliability, this invention aims to provide a low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method and system based on BeiDou RDSS. This method dynamically adjusts the transmission power and rate by real-time monitoring of power consumption and signal strength, using a power consumption-signal strength mapping table, switching to a backup channel when the signal is weak, and adjusting parameters using adaptive coding modulation during transmission. This approach solves the deficiencies of existing technologies, reduces power consumption, extends battery life, improves adaptability to different environments, ensures reliable data transmission, and meets diverse remote monitoring needs.

[0008] This invention discloses a low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method based on BeiDou RDSS, comprising the following steps: The telemetry terminal monitors its own power status and the signal strength of the surrounding environment in real time; Based on the monitored power status and signal strength, and combined with the preset power consumption-signal strength mapping table, the transmission power and data transmission rate of the telemetry terminal are dynamically adjusted. The signal strength is compared with a preset threshold in real time. When the signal strength is lower than the preset threshold, the system automatically switches to a backup transmission channel for data transmission. During data transmission, an adaptive coding and modulation method is adopted, and the coding and modulation parameters are adjusted in real time according to the channel quality.

[0009] Preferably, the preset power consumption-signal strength mapping table is established in the following way: Under different signal strength conditions, the telemetry terminal was tested multiple times for transmit power and data transmission success rate, and the test data were recorded. Based on the test data, the least squares method was used to fit the functional relationship between the transmission power and the data transmission success rate. Based on the functional relationship and the power consumption limit of the telemetry terminal, the optimal transmit power and corresponding data transmission rate under different signal strengths are determined to form a power consumption-signal strength mapping table.

[0010] Preferably, the method for the telemetry terminal to monitor its own power status in real time is as follows: Based on the built-in power monitoring module, the battery voltage and current values ​​are collected; Based on the voltage and current values, the remaining battery capacity is calculated using the ampere-hour integration method. The formula is as follows: ; Where Q represents the remaining battery power at the current moment; This is the initial battery charge. Let be the current value at time t; This is the initial time.

[0011] Preferably, the method for the telemetry terminal to monitor the signal strength of the surrounding environment in real time is as follows: The signal strength detection unit in the Beidou RDSS receiver is used to receive satellite signals and measure the received signal power. The measured received power is compared with a preset standard signal strength value to obtain a relative value of the signal strength, which represents the signal strength of the environment.

[0012] Preferably, the backup transmission channel is a pre-set channel in another frequency band of the BeiDou RDSS system or a shared channel established with other satellite communication systems.

[0013] In view of this, the present invention also provides a low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication system based on BeiDou RDSS, including a telemetry terminal, a satellite, and a ground control center; wherein, The telemetry terminal includes a power monitoring module, a signal strength monitoring module, a power adjustment module, a rate adjustment module, a channel switching module, and a coding and modulation module; The power monitoring module is used to monitor the power status of the telemetry terminal in real time and send the power information to the power adjustment module and the rate adjustment module; The signal strength monitoring module is used to monitor the signal strength of the surrounding environment in real time and send the signal strength information to the power adjustment module, the rate adjustment module, the channel switching module, and the coding and modulation module; The power adjustment module adjusts the transmission power of the telemetry terminal based on the received power and signal strength information and a preset power consumption-signal strength mapping table. The rate adjustment module adjusts the data transmission rate of the telemetry terminal based on the received power and signal strength information and a preset power consumption-signal strength mapping table. The channel switching module automatically switches to the backup transmission channel when the received signal strength is lower than a preset threshold, based on the received signal strength information. During data transmission, the coding and modulation module adjusts the coding and modulation parameters using an adaptive coding and modulation method based on the received signal strength information. The telemetry terminal transmits data to the ground control center via satellite.

[0014] Preferably, the telemetry terminal further includes a data buffer module for temporarily storing data to be transmitted during data transmission rate adjustment or channel switching. The cache capacity of the data caching module is dynamically adjusted based on the historical data transmission volume and data transmission rate variation range of the telemetry terminal. The calculation formula is as follows: ; Where C is the cache capacity of the data caching module; k is a coefficient, with a value ranging from 1.5 to 2.5; This represents the average time interval for historical data transmission. This represents the average rate of historical data transmission.

[0015] Preferably, the ground control center includes a data receiving module, a data analysis module, and a command sending module; wherein, The data receiving module is used to receive data transmitted by the telemetry terminal via satellite; The data analysis module is used to analyze and process the received data to determine its accuracy and completeness. If there are any abnormalities in the data, the instruction sending module sends a retransmission instruction or an instruction to adjust the operating parameters to the telemetry terminal.

[0016] Preferably, the satellites are multiple satellites in the BeiDou RDSS system, and the telemetry terminal adopts diversity reception technology to receive signals from multiple satellites simultaneously; diversity reception technology includes spatial diversity, frequency diversity, and time diversity.

[0017] Preferably, the telemetry terminal further includes a sleep / wake-up module, used to control the telemetry terminal to enter a sleep state when data transmission is completed and there is no new data to be transmitted; The sleep-wake module wakes up the telemetry terminal to perform data acquisition and transmission based on preset wake-up conditions.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the above technical solution has the following advantages: 1. This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by dynamically adjusting the transmission power and transmission rate in real time by monitoring power consumption and signal strength, combining a power consumption-signal strength mapping table, switching to a backup channel when the signal is weak, and using adaptive coding modulation to adjust parameters during transmission. This reduces power consumption, extends battery life, improves adaptability to different environments, ensures reliable data transmission, and meets diverse remote monitoring needs. 2. In existing technologies, BeiDou RDSS telemetry terminals often employ a fixed high transmit power, resulting in high power consumption and short battery life. This is especially problematic for battery-powered devices, which require frequent replacement or charging. This invention dynamically adjusts the transmit power and data transmission rate by real-time monitoring of battery status and signal strength, combined with a pre-defined power consumption-signal strength mapping table. For example, when the battery is low and the signal strength is weak, the transmit power and transmission rate are reduced, minimizing unnecessary energy consumption. Compared to existing technologies, this significantly reduces the power consumption of the telemetry terminal, greatly extends battery life, reduces the frequency of battery replacements in remote or hard-to-reach areas, and improves the practicality of the device. 3. In existing technologies, telemetry terminals use fixed communication parameters and transmission modes, which cannot be adjusted according to actual conditions such as signal strength and data volume, and are prone to transmission problems in complex environments. This invention monitors signal strength and power in real time, and dynamically adjusts the transmission power and transmission rate accordingly. When the signal strength is lower than a preset threshold, it automatically switches to a backup transmission channel. Adaptive coding and modulation methods are used to adjust parameters during data transmission. For example, when the signal is blocked in mountainous areas, the backup channel is switched and the coding and modulation parameters are adjusted. Compared with the fixed mode of existing technologies, it can automatically adapt communication parameters according to different environments and scenarios, and can still work stably in complex environments such as mountainous areas and severe weather, greatly improving the environmental adaptability of telemetry terminals. 4. Existing technologies lack effective mechanisms to address the complexities of satellite communication environments. Data is easily lost or erroneous under the influence of weather, electromagnetic interference, and other factors. This invention addresses this by monitoring signal strength and switching to a backup channel when the signal is weak. During transmission, adaptive coding and modulation are employed, adjusting coding and modulation parameters according to channel quality. For example, when the signal is interfered with, it switches from high-order modulation to low-order modulation and increases coding redundancy. Simultaneously, the telemetry terminal uses diversity reception technology to receive signals from multiple satellites. Compared to the instability of data transmission in complex environments under existing technologies, this solution effectively resists interference, reduces data loss and errors, ensures the accuracy and continuity of data transmission, and improves the reliability of data transmission. 5. In existing technologies, when the main transmission channel signal is interfered with or has insufficient strength, there is no effective channel switching mechanism, which easily leads to data transmission interruption and data loss. This invention automatically switches to a backup transmission channel when the signal strength falls below a preset threshold. The backup channel can be another frequency band channel of the BeiDou RDSS system or a shared channel with other satellite communication systems. Furthermore, the telemetry terminal's data caching module temporarily stores data during rate adjustment or channel switching. Compared to existing technologies, this allows for rapid switching to a backup channel when the main channel encounters problems. Combined with the data caching function, it effectively avoids data transmission interruption and data loss, ensuring the continuity of data transmission. 6. In existing technologies, there is a lack of effective data interaction and feedback mechanisms between telemetry terminals and ground control centers, making it difficult for ground control centers to effectively regulate the terminal's operating status. This invention analyzes the received data through the data analysis module of the ground control center to determine its accuracy and completeness. If an anomaly is detected, the instruction sending module sends a retransmission instruction or an instruction to adjust the operating parameters to the telemetry terminal. The telemetry terminal's sleep / wake-up module controls the device to enter a sleep state when there is no data transmission, reducing power consumption. Compared with existing technologies, this invention achieves efficient collaboration between the telemetry terminal and the ground control center. The ground control center can promptly detect and resolve data transmission problems, and the sleep / wake-up function further optimizes power consumption, thus improving the overall efficiency of the remote monitoring system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method based on BeiDou RDSS according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The advantages of the present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0022] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0023] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that the terms "installation", "connection" and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components. They can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] In the following description, suffixes such as "module," "part," or "unit" used to denote elements are used only for the convenience of the description of the invention and have no specific meaning in themselves. Therefore, "module" and "part" can be used interchangeably.

[0027] See Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, a low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method based on BeiDou RDSS will be described in detail, specifically including the following steps: Step S100: Based on the real-time monitoring of its own power status and the signal strength of the surrounding environment by the telemetry terminal, this is the basis for subsequent adjustments and provides raw data for subsequent decision-making.

[0028] Battery Status Monitoring: The built-in battery monitoring module in the telemetry terminal continuously and frequently collects battery voltage and current signals. This module includes, but is not limited to, high-precision voltage and current sensors, with a sampling frequency of more than 10 times per second, ensuring timely capture of subtle changes in battery level. For example, when the battery is discharging, the voltage gradually decreases as the charge diminishes, while the current fluctuates depending on the telemetry terminal's operating state (such as data transmission, standby, etc.). The battery monitoring module accurately records these changes and converts them into electrical signal data that can be processed later.

[0029] Environmental signal strength monitoring: The BeiDou RDSS receiver in the telemetry terminal integrates a high-performance signal strength detection unit. This unit receives signals transmitted by BeiDou satellites through a dedicated RF front-end circuit. After entering the signal strength detection unit, the signal undergoes filtering, amplification, demodulation, and other processing steps to extract the received power value. Simultaneously, the telemetry terminal has a preset standard signal strength value (e.g., -90dBm) for an ideal unobstructed environment. The signal strength detection unit compares the real-time measured received power with this standard value to obtain a relative signal strength value. For example, when the measured received power is -105dBm, the relative value is -15dBm, thus directly reflecting the signal attenuation level in the current environment.

[0030] Step S200: Based on the battery status and signal strength of the environment monitored in step S100, and combined with a preset power consumption-signal strength mapping table, the transmission power and data transmission rate are dynamically adjusted. For example, when the battery is low and the signal strength is weak, the transmission power and transmission rate will be reduced to reduce unnecessary energy consumption and solve the power consumption problem caused by fixed high power in the prior art.

[0031] Power Consumption-Signal Strength Mapping Table: This power consumption-signal strength mapping table was constructed using extensive preliminary experimental data. In a laboratory environment, different signal strength scenarios were simulated (from -80dBm to -130dBm, with a gradient of 5dBm). For each signal strength, at least 100 data transmission tests were conducted on combinations of transmit power (from 0.1W to 1W, with a step size of 0.1W) and data transmission rate (from 1kbps to 20kbps). The power consumption and data transmission success rate were recorded for each test. Then, the least squares method was used to fit these data to obtain the optimal combination of transmit power and data transmission rate for different signal strengths, ensuring a transmission success rate of at least 95% while minimizing power consumption, forming a two-dimensional comparison table.

[0032] Dynamic adjustment process: The telemetry terminal's control unit inputs the real-time monitored power status (such as remaining power percentage) and relative signal strength into the decision algorithm. If the power level is below 30% and the relative signal strength is -15dBm, the decision algorithm searches for the optimal parameters in the power consumption-signal strength mapping table, reducing the transmit power from the current 0.6W to 0.4W and the data transmission rate from 15kbps to 10kbps. The adjustment process is completed within 50 milliseconds, ensuring rapid response to environmental changes.

[0033] Step S300: When the signal strength is lower than the preset threshold, automatically switch to the backup transmission channel to avoid data transmission interruption caused by poor signal of a single channel, and improve adaptability in complex environments.

[0034] Preset Threshold Setting: The preset threshold is determined by comprehensively considering the minimum communication requirements of different application scenarios. For example, in a forest monitoring scenario, field tests revealed that when the relative signal strength is below -20dBm, the transmission bit error rate of the primary L-band channel exceeds 10. -4 Therefore, the preset threshold for this scenario is set to -20dBm. Channel switching mechanism: The telemetry terminal internally stores parameter information of backup transmission channels (such as the S-band channel frequency and access code of BeiDou RDSS, or the protocol type of GPS-assisted satellite communication channels). When the relative signal strength is measured below a preset threshold for five consecutive times, the channel switching module immediately initiates the switching process. First, it sends a channel switching request signal. After confirming that the backup transmission channel is idle, it completes frequency tuning, protocol synchronization, and other operations within one second, switching to the backup transmission channel. Simultaneously, the telemetry terminal records the channel switching event, providing data for subsequent channel performance analysis.

[0035] Step S400: During data transmission, an adaptive coding and modulation method is adopted, and the coding and modulation parameters are adjusted in real time according to the channel quality. For example, when the channel quality is poor, the modulation method and coding scheme with stronger anti-interference ability are switched to ensure the reliability of data transmission.

[0036] Channel quality assessment: During data transmission intervals, the telemetry terminal sends specific pilot signals. Based on the demodulation results of these pilot signals received from the receiver, parameters such as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Doppler frequency offset are calculated to assess channel quality. A SNR higher than 15dB is considered good channel quality; an SNR between 10-15dB is considered average; and an SNR lower than 10dB is considered poor. Coding and Modulation Adjustment: Based on the channel quality assessment results, the coding and modulation module automatically adjusts the coding and modulation parameters. When channel quality is good, 64QAM modulation (6 bits per symbol) and low-redundancy LDPC coding (code rate 1 / 2) are used to improve the data transmission rate. When channel quality is average, it switches to 16QAM modulation (4 bits per symbol) and medium-redundancy LDPC coding (code rate 1 / 3). When channel quality is poor, QPSK modulation (2 bits per symbol) and high-redundancy LDPC coding (code rate 1 / 4) are used, reducing the data transmission rate to achieve higher anti-interference capability. The adjustment process is synchronized with the data transmission frame to ensure uninterrupted data transmission.

[0037] In this embodiment, the power consumption-signal strength mapping table preset in step S200 above will be described in detail, and its establishment method includes the following steps: Step S210: Under different signal strength conditions, perform multiple tests on the telemetry terminal to measure the transmission power and data transmission success rate, and record the results as test data.

[0038] Experimental Environment Setup: Different scenarios of BeiDou RDSS signal transmission were simulated in the laboratory. A signal simulator was used to generate signal strengths ranging from -80dBm to -130dBm (with a 5dBm gradient), covering weak to strong signal environments that the telemetry terminal might encounter. Simultaneously, the telemetry terminal was equipped with a power source capable of precisely adjusting transmission power and a monitoring device capable of recording power consumption.

[0039] Variable control testing: Under each signal strength, data transmission tests were performed on all combinations of transmit power (from 0.1W to 1W, in 0.1W increments) and data transmission rate (from 1kbps to 20kbps, in 1kbps intervals). Each combination was tested at least 100 times to reduce random errors. During the test, the actual power consumption of each transmission was recorded (unit: ...). ) and data transmission success rate (the ratio of successfully transmitted frames to the total number of transmitted frames).

[0040] Example data: With a signal strength of -100dBm, a transmit power of 0.5W, and a data transmission rate of 12kbps, the average power consumption after 100 tests was 0.08W. The data transmission success rate is 98%; the combination of a transmit power of 0.4W and a data transmission rate of 10kbps results in an average power consumption of 0.06 kWh. The data transmission success rate was 96%.

[0041] Step S220: Based on the test data recorded in step S210 above, the function relationship between transmission power and data transmission success rate is obtained by fitting using the least squares method. The least squares fitting includes the following: Data preprocessing: The recorded experimental data is screened to remove outliers caused by equipment failure or sudden interference (e.g., invalid data with a transmission success rate of less than 50%), and valid samples are retained.

[0042] Functional Relationship Construction: Transmit power is the independent variable (x), and data transmission success rate is the dependent variable (y). For each signal strength, the least squares method is used to fit the functional relationship between the two. For example, at a signal strength of -110 dBm, the fitted functional relationship is as follows: (where x is in W and y is in %), this function reflects the trend of how changes in transmit power affect the success of transmission.

[0043] Fit verification: The fitting effect is verified by calculating the mean squared error (MSE) of the fitting function. The MSE should be less than 5% to ensure that the function can accurately reflect the actual data pattern.

[0044] Step S230: Based on the functional relationship fitted in step S220, and combined with the power consumption limitations of the telemetry terminal, determine the optimal transmit power and corresponding data transmission rate under different signal strengths to form a power consumption-signal strength mapping table. Specifically, this includes the following: Power consumption limit determination: Based on the battery capacity and expected battery life of the telemetry terminal, the maximum allowable power consumption is set. For example, for a 10000mAh lithium battery, if the expected battery life is 30 days, the average daily allowable power consumption can be calculated, and then the upper limit of instantaneous power consumption under different operating conditions can be determined (such as the maximum power consumption during data transmission not exceeding 0.6W).

[0045] Optimal parameter selection: For each signal strength, based on the fitted function, select the optimal combination of transmit power and data transmission rate that satisfies both "data transmission success rate ≥ 95%" and "power consumption ≤ maximum allowable power consumption". For example, with a signal strength of -105dBm and a maximum allowable power consumption of 0.5W, the optimal combination selected from the fitted function is a transmit power of 0.45W (corresponding to a transmission success rate of 96%) and a data transmission rate of 11kbps (tested to have a power consumption of 0.48W at this rate).

[0046] The mapping table is formed by combining the optimal transmit power and data transmission rate corresponding to different signal strengths into a two-dimensional table, namely the "power consumption-signal strength mapping table". The table contains three columns of data: signal strength (e.g., -80dBm, -85dBm, etc.), optimal transmit power (e.g., 0.7W, 0.65W, etc.), and corresponding data transmission rate (e.g., 18kbps, 16kbps, etc.). It is stored in the storage module of the telemetry terminal to provide data basis for dynamically adjusting the telemetry terminal.

[0047] In this embodiment, the real-time monitoring of the telemetry terminal's own power status in step S100 will be described in detail, specifically including the following: S110: Based on the built-in power monitoring module, it collects the battery's voltage and current values. Regarding the hardware configuration and data acquisition of the power monitoring module: The hardware consists of a built-in power monitoring module in the telemetry terminal. The power monitoring module includes a high-precision voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a signal conditioning circuit. The voltage sensor has a measurement range of 0~5V and a measurement accuracy of ±0.01V; the current sensor has a measurement range of 0~500mA and a measurement accuracy of ±1mA. The two work together to capture the real-time electrical characteristics of the battery.

[0048] Data acquisition process: A voltage sensor is directly connected in parallel across the positive and negative terminals of the battery to acquire the battery's terminal voltage value in real time; a current sensor is connected in series in the battery power supply circuit to acquire the discharge current value in the circuit in real time (if charging is present, the charging current value can also be acquired). The acquired analog voltage and current signals are processed by a signal conditioning circuit (including filtering, amplification, and A / D conversion) and converted into digital signals, which are then transmitted to the microprocessor of the telemetry terminal for subsequent calculations. For example, during battery discharge, the voltage sensor acquires the voltage value (e.g., 3.72V, 3.71V, etc.) every 100ms, and the current sensor simultaneously acquires the current value (e.g., 80mA, 78mA, etc.).

[0049] Step S120: Based on the battery voltage and current values ​​collected in step S110, calculate the remaining battery capacity using the ampere-hour integration method. The principle and calculation process of the ampere-hour integration method are as follows: Algorithm Principle: The ampere-hour integration method is based on the principle that "battery discharge is equal to the integral of discharge current over time." It accumulates the battery's discharge over a period of time, subtracts it from the initial charge, and obtains the remaining charge. This method can reflect the battery's charge consumption trend in real time and is suitable for devices with dynamic power consumption changes, such as telemetry terminals.

[0050] The specific formula for the ampere-hour integration method is as follows: Where Q represents the remaining battery power at the current moment (in mAh); The initial battery capacity (in mAh) is determined by the battery's factory parameters (e.g., 10000mAh). The value of the current at time t (in mA) is positive during discharge and negative during charging; t represents the initial time (e.g., the start time of the telemetry terminal); t represents the current time.

[0051] Integral Calculation: The microprocessor of the telemetry terminal uses a discretized integration method to process current data. It divides the continuous time interval into multiple small time intervals (e.g., 1 second per interval). The current value within each time interval is taken as the average of that interval, and then the product of the current and time for each time interval is accumulated. For example, if the current values ​​within a 10-second interval are 100mA, 95mA, 90mA... (recorded every 1 second), then the total discharge for that time interval is (100×1 + 95×1 + 90×1 + ...) = 920mA·s = 0.255mAh (1h = 3600s, therefore 1mA·s = 1 / 3600mAh).

[0052] In some specific embodiments, it is assumed that the telemetry terminal uses a 10000mAh lithium battery, at the initial moment... The value is 0, within t=1 hour. Keeping it constant at 100mA, then according to the calculation formula... Therefore, the current remaining battery capacity Q = 10000 - 100 = 9900mAh.

[0053] Accuracy Compensation: To reduce cumulative errors, the power detection module periodically (e.g., every 24 hours) calibrates itself using the open-circuit voltage value collected by the voltage sensor. For example, when the battery open-circuit voltage is 3.6V, the remaining power is approximately 50%. If the ampere-hour integration method calculates the remaining power as 48%, the current power value is automatically corrected to 50%, ensuring the accuracy of long-term monitoring.

[0054] Output results: The calculated remaining power value will be transmitted in real time to the power adjustment module and rate adjustment module of the telemetry terminal in the form of digital signals, providing a basis for the power status for dynamically adjusting the transmission power and data transmission rate in the aforementioned embodiments.

[0055] In this embodiment, the real-time monitoring of the environmental signal strength by the telemetry terminal in step S100 will be described in detail, specifically including the following steps: Step S130: Utilize the signal strength detection unit in the BeiDou RDSS receiver to receive satellite signals and measure the received signal power. Regarding the hardware configuration and signal reception of the signal strength monitoring unit: Hardware Components: The signal strength detection unit of the BeiDou RDSS receiver includes an RF receiving front-end, a signal amplification circuit, a filtering circuit, and a power detection chip. The RF receiving front-end is responsible for capturing L-band (1615.68MHz) or S-band (2491.75MHz) signals transmitted by BeiDou satellites. Its receiving sensitivity can reach -157.6dBW (equivalent to -127.6dBm), which can adapt to weak signal environments. The power detection chip has a measurement range of -60dBm to -130dBm and a measurement accuracy of ±1dBm, ensuring the accuracy of signal power measurement.

[0056] Signal reception process: After the BeiDou satellite signal enters the signal strength detection unit via the telemetry terminal's antenna, it is first down-converted by the RF receiving front-end to convert the high-frequency signal into an intermediate-frequency signal. Then, the signal amplitude is amplified by the signal amplification circuit to a range recognizable by the power detection chip (e.g., amplified from -130dBm to -80dBm). Simultaneously, the filtering circuit filters out out-of-band interference signals (such as electromagnetic noise from other frequency bands), retaining the pure BeiDou signal. For example, in urban high-rise areas, the satellite signal received by the antenna may be mixed with interference signals such as WiFi and Bluetooth. The filtering circuit can attenuate the interference signal to below -140dBm by aligning the center frequency with the BeiDou signal band.

[0057] Step S140: Compare the received power measured in step S130 with a preset standard signal strength value to obtain a relative value of the signal strength. The relative value represents the signal strength of the surrounding environment. The specific measurement and calculation of the relative value of the received signal power are as follows: Received power measurement: The power detection chip measures the power of the processed intermediate frequency signal and outputs the corresponding voltage value (e.g., a -100dBm signal corresponds to a 0.5V output). After A / D conversion, the digital value is obtained, and then converted into the actual received power value (unit: dBm) through a calibration curve. The measurement frequency is 5 times per second to ensure real-time tracking of signal changes. For example, in open areas, the measured received power may be stable at around -95dBm; after entering a tunnel, the received power will drop sharply to below -120dBm.

[0058] Standard signal strength value setting: The preset standard signal strength value is the average received power of the BeiDou signal determined through multiple measurements in an ideal environment without obstructions (such as an open plain or sea level), for example, set to -30dBm. This value is stored in the telemetry terminal's memory as a benchmark for signal strength evaluation.

[0059] Relative value calculation: The signal strength detection unit calculates the difference between the real-time measured received power and the standard signal strength value to obtain the relative value of the signal strength. The formula is: Relative signal strength = Real-time received power - Standard signal strength value. For example, when the real-time received power is -102dBm, the relative value = -102dBm - (-90dBm) = -12dBm, indicating that the current signal strength is 12dBm weaker than the ideal environment.

[0060] In some specific embodiments, such as in a mountainous environment, the signal strength detection unit of the telemetry terminal operates continuously. When the detection terminal is on a mountaintop, the received power is -92dBm, with a relative value of -2dBm, indicating good signal strength. After entering a valley, due to the obstruction of the mountain, the received power drops to -115dBm, with a relative value of -25dBm, indicating weaker signal strength.

[0061] For the application of the results, the calculated relative signal strength value is transmitted in real time to the power adjustment module, rate adjustment module, channel switching module, and coding and modulation module of the telemetry terminal. For example, when the relative value is ≤-20dBm (i.e., the signal strength is lower than the preset threshold), the channel switching module is triggered to start the backup transmission channel switching process, and at the same time, the coding and modulation module is notified to adjust to coding and modulation parameters with stronger anti-interference capabilities, providing key environmental signal basis for the adaptive adjustment in the above embodiments.

[0062] Step S300 will be described in detail in this embodiment. The backup channel in step S300 is a pre-set channel in another frequency band of the BeiDou RDSS system or a shared channel established with other satellite communication systems.

[0063] For other channels in the BeiDou RDSS system: Channel Definition: The BeiDou RDSS system includes multiple operating frequency bands. The primary transmission channel is typically the L-band (1615.68MHz), while the other backup frequency bands mainly refer to the S-band (2491.75MHz). These two frequency bands differ in signal propagation characteristics. The L-band has stronger diffraction capabilities and is suitable for transmission in complex terrain; the S-band has better anti-interference capabilities and is suitable for areas with complex electromagnetic environments.

[0064] Channel parameter configuration: Before leaving the factory, the telemetry terminal pre-stores the parameters of the S-band channel, including center frequency, bandwidth (e.g., 2.048MHz), modulation method (e.g., BPSK), spreading code rate (e.g., 1.024Mcps), etc. These parameters are matched with the satellite payload parameters of the BeiDou RDSS system to ensure that the terminal can quickly access the S-band channel.

[0065] Switching trigger scenario: When the relative signal strength of the primary L-band channel is lower than a preset threshold (e.g., -20dBm) for 5 consecutive measurement cycles (1 second per cycle), the channel switching module will initiate a switch to the S-band channel. For example, in mountainous canyon environments, the L-band signal is severely attenuated due to mountain obstruction. In this case, it will automatically switch to the S-band to utilize its anti-obstruction characteristics to restore data transmission.

[0066] For shared channels established with other satellite communication systems: Typical Systems and Sharing Mechanisms: Taking GPS-assisted satellite communication channels as an example, other satellite communication systems establish a shared transmission link through a collaborative protocol between the BeiDou RDSS and GPS systems. Its working principle utilizes the wide-area coverage of GPS satellites as a supplement to the BeiDou RDSS channel to achieve relay data transmission.

[0067] Channel access method: The telemetry terminal needs to pre-store the access authentication information (such as device ID, encryption key) and communication protocol (such as TCP / IP over satellite link) of the GPS auxiliary channel. When a switch is required, the terminal first sends an access request to the GPS ground augmentation system, obtains a temporary communication time slot after authentication, and accesses the shared channel.

[0068] Applicable scenarios: In areas with weak BeiDou RDSS satellite signal coverage (such as high-latitude regions), GPS satellite signals may be more stable. In such cases, switching to the GPS-assisted shared channel is recommended. For example, in Arctic scientific expeditions, the low elevation angle of the BeiDou RDSS signal can make reception difficult. The telemetry terminal automatically switches to the GPS-assisted channel to ensure continuous transmission of data such as ice temperature and thickness.

[0069] The switching process and advantages of backup transmission channels: Switching Procedure: When the channel switching module detects that the primary channel signal does not meet transmission requirements, it first sends a channel release signal to shut down the RF link of the primary channel; then it loads the parameter configuration of the backup channel and starts frequency tuning of the RF front end (e.g., switching from L-band to S-band only takes 200ms); finally, it sends a link probe signal to confirm that the backup channel is working properly before resuming data transmission. The entire switching process takes no more than 1 second, avoiding data transmission interruption.

[0070] Compared to existing technologies, the advantage of this embodiment is that existing telemetry terminals mostly use a single channel, which leads to transmission interruption once the signal is blocked; while this solution achieves "seamless switching between primary and backup" by pre-setting multiple backup channels. For example, in typhoon weather, the primary L-band channel is severely affected by atmospheric attenuation. After switching to the S-band, the data transmission success rate increases from 60% to over 95%, significantly improving communication reliability in extreme environments.

[0071] This embodiment will explain in detail a low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication system based on BeiDou RDSS. This communication system includes a telemetry terminal, a satellite, and a ground control center. The satellite is a communication satellite in the BeiDou RDSS system, serving as a data relay node between the telemetry terminal and the ground control center. The telemetry terminal is the main body for data acquisition and transmission, and has multiple built-in functional modules. The ground control center is responsible for receiving, processing, and feeding back data, forming a complete communication loop.

[0072] Regarding the functions and coordination mechanisms of each module in the telemetry terminal: The battery power monitoring module consists of a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a data processing circuit. It collects battery voltage and current data every 100ms, calculates the remaining battery power using the ampere-hour integration method (calculation formula as described in the above embodiment), and sends the battery power information (such as the remaining battery percentage and current change trend) to the power adjustment module and the rate adjustment module in real time. For example, when the remaining battery power is detected to be below 20%, a "low battery warning" signal is sent to both adjustment modules.

[0073] Signal strength monitoring module: Integrated within the BeiDou RDSS receiver, it includes an RF front-end and a power detection chip. It measures the received power of the satellite signal five times per second, calculates the relative signal strength value (see the description in the above embodiment), and sends this relative value to the power adjustment module, rate adjustment module, channel switching module, and coding and modulation module, respectively. For example, in a mountainous environment, when the measured relative signal strength value is -25dBm, it synchronously transmits "weak signal" information to each module.

[0074] Power adjustment module: After receiving power information from the power monitoring module and signal strength information from the signal strength monitoring module, it calls a preset power consumption-signal strength mapping table (the construction method is described in the above embodiment) to determine the current optimal transmission power. For example, when the power is 30% and the relative signal strength is -15dBm, the transmission power is adjusted from 0.6W to 0.4W according to the mapping table, and the adjustment command is sent to the terminal's radio frequency transmission circuit.

[0075] Rate adjustment module: Works in conjunction with the power adjustment module, adjusting the data transmission rate based on the same power and signal strength information, combined with a power consumption-signal strength mapping table. For example, under the aforementioned power and signal strength conditions, the data transmission rate can be reduced from 15kbps to 10kbps, reducing energy consumption per unit time while ensuring data transmission efficiency.

[0076] Channel switching module: Continuously receives the relative signal strength value from the signal strength monitoring module. When this value is lower than a preset threshold (e.g., -20dBm) for 5 consecutive cycles (1 second per cycle), the channel switching process is initiated. First, the radio frequency link of the current primary channel (e.g., L-band) is shut down. Then, the parameter configuration (including frequency, modulation method, etc.) of the backup channel (e.g., S-band or GPS-assisted channel) is loaded. After sending a probe signal to confirm the backup channel is accessible, the switching is completed. The entire process is completed within 1 second, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission.

[0077] Encoding and modulation module: Based on the relative signal strength value from the signal strength monitoring module, the encoding and modulation parameters are dynamically adjusted. When the relative signal strength value is ≥ -10dBm (strong signal), 64QAM modulation and low-redundancy LDPC encoding (code rate 1 / 2) are used; when -20dBm < relative value < -10dBm (medium signal), it switches to 16QAM modulation and medium-redundancy LDPC encoding (code rate 1 / 3); when the relative value is ≤ -20dBm (weak signal), QPSK modulation and high-redundancy LDPC encoding (code rate 1 / 4) are used, adapting to different channel qualities by adjusting the anti-interference capability.

[0078] Data transmission path: The monitoring data (such as temperature, humidity, location, etc.) collected by the telemetry terminal is processed by the encoding and modulation module, and then the power adjustment module and rate adjustment module configure the transmission parameters. The data is then sent to the Beidou RDSS satellite through the currently active transmission channel (primary or backup), and then forwarded by the satellite to the ground control center.

[0079] In this embodiment, the telemetry terminal will be described in detail again, specifically the data caching module of the telemetry terminal. The details are as follows: Core Function: The data cache module consists of a high-speed flash memory chip (such as NAND Flash) and a cache controller. It is primarily used to temporarily store data collected by the telemetry terminal and ready for transmission during data transmission rate adjustments or channel switching. Its storage latency is less than 10ms, enabling fast data writing and reading, and preventing data loss due to parameter adjustments or channel switching.

[0080] In some specific embodiments, when the rate adjustment module reduces the data transmission rate from 20kbps to 10kbps, the telemetry terminal's data acquisition speed may temporarily exceed the transmission speed. At this time, the excess data is temporarily stored in the data buffer module. During the 1-second interval when the channel switching module switches from the L-band to the S-band, the newly acquired data is also stored in the buffer, and then transmitted in an orderly manner after the switch is complete. For example, if an industrial telemetry terminal generates 5kb of data per second during channel switching, the buffer module will store 5kb of data within 1 second, and after the switch is complete, it will be transmitted at a rate of 10kbps in 0.5 seconds.

[0081] Regarding the dynamic adjustment mechanism for cache capacity: Historical data statistics: The cache controller records the historical data transmission of the telemetry terminal in real time, including the time interval of each data transmission (the duration from the end of the last transmission to the start of the current transmission) and the transmission rate. The average time interval of historical data transmission is calculated using a sliding window algorithm (the window size is the last 100 transmissions). and average rate For example, in 100 transmissions, the time interval between each transmission fluctuates between 3 and 7 seconds, and calculations show... The transmission rate varies between 8 and 12 kbps, and the calculation yields... .

[0082] Cache capacity calculation formula: The formula for calculating cache capacity C is as follows: Where: k is a coefficient, with a value range of 1.5 to 2.5, used to cope with sudden increases in data volume, and is usually set according to the fluctuations of the application scenario (e.g., k=1.5 for environmental monitoring scenarios and k=2.5 for industrial control scenarios). The unit is s. The unit of C is kbps, and the unit of C is kb. For ease of understanding, an example will be given in this embodiment. If k=2, =5s, =10kbps, then C=2×5×10=100kb, meaning the current capacity configuration of the cache module is 100kb. Subsequent statistics will reveal... It becomes 6s. When the speed is reduced to 12kbps, the cache controller will automatically adjust the capacity to 2×6×12=144kb.

[0083] In this embodiment, the ground control center will be described in detail, clarifying its constituent modules and functions. Through data reception, analysis, and command feedback, it forms a closed-loop control with the telemetry terminal. The functions and coordination mechanisms of each module in the ground control center are as follows: Data Analysis Module: Performs multi-dimensional verification and analysis on the received raw data, including but not limited to integrity verification, accuracy analysis, and continuity assessment. Integrity verification checks the integrity of data frames using checksums (such as CRC32). If the checksum of a data frame does not match, it is marked as "incomplete data." Accuracy analysis compares the data with historical data from the same period and theoretically reasonable ranges. For example, if the monitored forest temperature is 60℃ (far exceeding the historical high of 40℃ in the area), it is marked as "abnormally high temperature data." Continuity assessment analyzes whether the data transmission interval conforms to the preset cycle (such as once every 5 minutes). If there is an interval of more than 3 cycles, it is judged as "transmission interruption risk."

[0084] Command transmission module: Composed of a command generation unit, encryption circuit, and satellite signal transmitter, it sends control commands to the telemetry terminal based on the results of the data analysis module. The types of control commands include, but are not limited to, the following: Retransmission instruction: For incomplete or abnormal data, the telemetry terminal is required to retransmit the data for the corresponding time period. The instruction format includes key information such as data timestamp and frame number.

[0085] Command to adjust operating parameters: For poor transmission quality (e.g., bit error rate exceeding 10%) -4 In the event of abnormal power consumption, send commands to adjust the transmit power (e.g., reduce from 0.5W to 0.3W), switch channels (e.g., switch from L band to S band), or modify the sampling frequency (e.g., change from once per second to once every 5 seconds).

[0086] The collaborative process is as follows: the data receiving module pushes the decoded data to the data analysis module in real time, and the analysis module outputs results such as "normal", "retransmission required", and "parameter adjustment required"; the instruction sending module generates corresponding instructions based on the results, which are encrypted and sent to the telemetry terminal through the Beidou RDSS satellite uplink, forming a closed loop of "reception-analysis-feedback".

[0087] In some specific embodiments, in a city traffic flow monitoring system, the data receiving module of the ground control center receives a data packet from a telemetry terminal at an intersection. The data analysis module discovers that the traffic flow is 0 for three time periods (significantly different from the 500 vehicles / hour traffic flow at surrounding intersections), and the checksum is abnormal. Subsequently, the instruction sending module sends a retransmission instruction (including the timestamps of the abnormal time periods) to the terminal, along with a parameter adjustment instruction to "increase the transmission power to 0.6W". After receiving the instruction, the telemetry terminal retransmits the data and adjusts the parameters, allowing the ground control center to finally obtain complete and accurate traffic flow data.

[0088] It should be noted that, compared with existing technologies, existing ground control centers often only have data receiving capabilities and lack an active feedback mechanism, resulting in the inability to promptly correct abnormal terminal data. This solution achieves "remote diagnosis and optimization" of telemetry terminals through intelligent judgment by the data analysis module and dynamic control by the command sending module. For example, in an industrial monitoring scenario, existing technologies failed to detect abnormal pressure data transmitted by the terminal (the actual value was 10 MPa but was mistakenly transmitted as 5 MPa), leading to equipment damage. This solution, after identifying the anomaly through the data analysis module, sends retransmission and parameter adjustment commands, thus preventing the accident.

[0089] This embodiment will describe in detail the signal reception method of satellites and telemetry terminals. This embodiment clarifies the use of multiple satellites and diversity reception technology of the BeiDou RDSS system to improve the reliability and stability of signal reception, specifically including the following: Applications of multiple satellites in the BeiDou RDSS system: The satellites are multiple satellites in the BeiDou RDSS system, distributed in geostationary or inclined geostationary orbits to achieve global coverage. By receiving signals from multiple satellites, the telemetry terminal avoids data transmission interruptions caused by a single satellite being blocked, malfunctioning, or experiencing signal interference. For example, in mountainous environments, the signal of one BeiDou RDSS satellite might be blocked by a mountain, but signals from satellites at other angles can still be received by the telemetry terminal, thus ensuring continuous signal acquisition.

[0090] Regarding the types and implementation methods of diversity reception technology: Spatial diversity: The telemetry terminal is equipped with multiple receiving antennas, which are spatially separated by a certain distance (usually more than half the signal wavelength; for the L-band signal of BeiDou RDSS, the wavelength is about 0.18 meters, and the antenna spacing can be set to more than 0.1 meters). Different antennas receive satellite signals from different directions, and due to the different locations of the antennas, the signal fading varies. When the signal received by one antenna is weak, other antennas may receive a stronger signal. The telemetry terminal improves the signal reception quality by selecting the strongest signal or combining the signals from multiple antennas (such as maximum ratio combining). For example, on a ship, a telemetry terminal may have two antennas spaced 1 meter apart. When one antenna is blocked by waves, the other antenna can still stably receive satellite signals.

[0091] Frequency diversity: The telemetry terminal simultaneously receives signals from different frequency bands in the BeiDou RDSS system, such as the L-band (1615.68MHz) and the S-band (2491.75MHz). Signals in different frequency bands experience different interference and attenuation characteristics during propagation. When the signal quality of one frequency band degrades due to interference (such as electromagnetic interference), the signal in another frequency band may remain in good condition. The telemetry terminal monitors and switches between the two frequency bands to ensure reliable signal reception. For example, in an industrial plant, the L-band signal may be affected by electromagnetic interference from factory equipment, while the S-band signal is less susceptible to interference. In this case, the telemetry terminal automatically switches to the S-band for signal reception.

[0092] Time diversity: The telemetry terminal receives and processes the same data transmitted by the same satellite multiple times. The time interval between these receptions is set according to the signal fading characteristics (e.g., 10 milliseconds to 1 second). Since signal fading is random, the quality of signals received at different times may vary. By making decisions and combining the received signals (e.g., majority decision), the bit error rate can be reduced. For example, when the telemetry terminal receives a signal from a satellite, it receives it three times consecutively. If the demodulation results of two of these signals are consistent, that result is used as valid data, reducing errors caused by transient interference.

[0093] It should be noted that in existing technologies, telemetry terminals based on BeiDou RDSS mostly adopt a single antenna, single frequency band, and single reception method, which is susceptible to obstruction and interference in complex environments, resulting in low signal reception reliability. This solution improves signal reception stability from three dimensions: space, frequency, and time, by using multiple satellites in conjunction with diversity reception technology.

[0094] In this embodiment, the telemetry terminal will be described in detail again. The telemetry terminal also includes a sleep / wake-up module. The working principle and mechanism of the sleep / wake-up module are explained in this content. By controlling the telemetry terminal to enter a low-power mode when it is not in operation, the specific content includes the following: Regarding the functions and roles of the sleep / wake-up module: The sleep / wake-up module is a key module in the telemetry terminal responsible for power consumption management. It consists of a real-time clock (RTC), a trigger signal detection circuit, and a power management unit. Its core function is to cut off power to non-essential circuits (such as the RF transmission module and data acquisition sensors) when the telemetry terminal has completed data transmission and there is no new data to transmit, allowing only itself and core units such as the power monitoring module to operate at low power (standby current can be reduced to below 10μA). When preset wake-up conditions are met, power is restored to all circuits, waking the telemetry terminal to perform data acquisition and transmission tasks. This mechanism solves the high power consumption problem caused by continuous full-power operation of telemetry terminals in existing technologies, and is particularly suitable for field monitoring scenarios that rely on battery power.

[0095] Hibernation triggering and low-power implementation: Triggering Conditions: The sleep / wake-up module determines whether to enter sleep mode by monitoring the status of the data transmission-related functional group in the telemetry terminal (i.e., the collaborative working status of the aforementioned data transmission-related modules, including the power adjustment module, rate adjustment module, encoding and modulation module, and RF transmission circuit, collectively referred to as "data transmission-related modules") and the storage capacity of the data buffer module. The sleep / wake-up process is triggered when the data transmission-related module reports "transmission complete" (i.e., the data has been successfully transmitted to the ground control center via satellite) and the amount of data to be transmitted in the data buffer module is 0. For example, after completing hourly environmental data transmission, if no new data is generated within the next 10 minutes (e.g., the sensors do not detect any abnormal changes), the forest monitoring terminal enters sleep mode.

[0096] Power consumption control: Upon entering sleep mode, the power management unit reduces the terminal's operating voltage from 3.3V to 1.8V (maintaining voltage for the core circuitry), shutting down high-power devices such as the RF front-end power amplifier and the sensor signal conditioning circuits. Taking a certain model of terminal as an example, the power consumption is approximately 500mW during normal operation, but can be reduced to below 5mW in sleep mode, a 99% reduction in power consumption.

[0097] Regarding wake-up conditions and wake-up process: Timed wake-up: Users can preset the wake-up interval (e.g., every 1 hour, every 6 hours) through the ground control center, and the real-time clock (RTC) generates wake-up pulses according to the set period. For example, a wildlife tracking terminal is set to wake up every 2 hours, record the animal's location information, transmit it immediately, and then go back to sleep.

[0098] External trigger signal wake-up: The telemetry terminal is equipped with an external trigger interface, which can connect to peripherals such as vibration sensors and infrared detectors. When a specific event is detected (such as object movement or a sudden temperature rise), the peripheral outputs a trigger signal (such as a 3.3V level signal). The wake-up module detects this signal and initiates the wake-up process. For example, if a forest fire prevention terminal is connected to an infrared thermal imager, it will be immediately woken up and start high-frequency data acquisition and transmission when the detected temperature exceeds 50°C.

[0099] Wake-up process: After the wake-up signal is triggered, the power management unit restores the rated power supply to all circuits within 50ms, the terminal initializes (such as sensor self-test, satellite signal acquisition), and then performs data acquisition, buffering and transmission operations. After completion, it checks again whether the sleep conditions are met.

[0100] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention have better implementability and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art may use the above-disclosed technical content to change or modify it into equivalent effective embodiments. However, any modifications or equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method based on BeiDou RDSS, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish a power consumption-signal strength mapping table, including: setting signal strength test conditions with a gradient of 5dBm within a signal strength range of -80dBm to -130dBm; setting transmission power test conditions with a step size of 0.1W within a transmission power range of 0.1W to 1W; and setting data transmission rate test conditions with an interval of 1kbps within a data transmission rate range of 1kbps to 20kbps. Under each signal strength test condition, perform no less than 100 data transmission tests on the combination of transmission power and data transmission rate, and record the corresponding power consumption and data transmission success rate. Use the least squares method to fit the functional relationship between transmission power and data transmission success rate under the corresponding signal strength. Determine the maximum allowable power consumption during data transmission based on the battery capacity and expected battery life of the telemetry terminal, and select the combination of transmission power and data transmission rate that satisfies a data transmission success rate of not less than 95% and a power consumption not exceeding the maximum allowable power consumption under the corresponding signal strength. Select the combination with the lowest power consumption as the transmission power and data transmission rate under that signal strength to form the power consumption-signal strength mapping table. S2. The telemetry terminal monitors its own power status and the relative signal strength of the surrounding environment in real time. The power status includes the remaining power percentage, and the relative signal strength is the difference between the received power measured in real time by the Beidou RDSS receiver and the preset standard signal strength value. S3. Based on the remaining power percentage and the relative signal strength, read the corresponding transmission power and data transmission rate from the power consumption-signal strength mapping table, and constrain the read transmission power and data transmission rate according to the maximum allowable power consumption, and complete the adjustment of the transmission power and data transmission rate within 50ms; S4. During data transmission using the primary L-band channel, the relative signal strength value is compared with a preset threshold in real time. When the relative signal strength value of the primary L-band channel is lower than the preset threshold for five consecutive measurement cycles, the backup transmission channel switching process is initiated. When initiating the backup transmission channel switching process, the average time interval of historical data transmissions is calculated using a sliding window algorithm based on the time interval and transmission rate of the most recent 100 data transmissions. and average rate And according to the formula: The cache capacity of the data cache module is determined, where C is the cache capacity of the data cache module, and k is a coefficient with a value range of 1.5 to 2.5; the data cache module temporarily stores the data to be transmitted during the data transmission rate adjustment or the switching of the backup transmission channel; S5. The backup transmission channel switching process includes: sending a channel release signal and closing the radio frequency link of the primary L-band channel, loading the parameter configuration of the backup transmission channel, starting the frequency tuning of the radio frequency front-end, sending a link detection signal, and resuming data transmission after confirming that the backup transmission channel is unobstructed; wherein, when the backup transmission channel is an S-band channel in the BeiDou RDSS system, the frequency tuning time from the primary L-band channel to the S-band channel is 200ms, and the entire backup transmission channel switching process takes no more than 1s; after the backup transmission channel switching is completed, the data caching module transmits the cached data in an orderly manner according to the data acquisition order; S6. During data transmission, the telemetry terminal sends pilot signals during data transmission gaps. It calculates the signal-to-noise ratio and Doppler frequency offset based on the demodulation results of the pilot signals fed back by the receiver. The channel quality is jointly evaluated using the signal-to-noise ratio and Doppler frequency offset. An adaptive coding and modulation method is used to adjust the coding and modulation parameters in real time according to the channel quality. S7. The data is transmitted to the BeiDou RDSS satellite via the currently active transmission channel, and then forwarded by the BeiDou RDSS satellite to the ground control center. The ground control center analyzes and processes the received data. The analysis and processing includes using CRC32 for integrity verification, comparing the received data with historical data from the same period and theoretically reasonable ranges for accuracy analysis, and analyzing whether the data transmission interval exceeds three preset cycles for continuity assessment. If the data is abnormal, the ground control center sends a retransmission command or an instruction to adjust the operating parameters to the telemetry terminal. The instruction to adjust the operating parameters includes at least one of adjusting the transmission power, switching the channel, and modifying the sampling frequency.

2. The low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method based on BeiDou RDSS according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backup transmission channel is a pre-set channel in the BeiDou RDSS system or a shared channel established with other satellite communication systems. When switching to the shared channel, the telemetry terminal pre-stores the access authentication information and communication protocol of the shared channel and sends an access request to the corresponding system. After authentication, it obtains a temporary communication time slot.

3. The low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method based on BeiDou RDSS according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telemetry terminal monitors its own power status in real time by: collecting the battery voltage and current values ​​based on the built-in power monitoring module; calculating the remaining power of the battery using the ampere-hour integration method based on the voltage and current values; and periodically calibrating the remaining power in conjunction with the open-circuit voltage value.

4. The low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication method based on BeiDou RDSS according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground control center generates a retransmission command when the CRC32 integrity check fails, generates a retransmission command or a command to modify the sampling frequency when the accuracy analysis result exceeds the theoretically reasonable range, and generates a command to switch channels or adjust the transmission power when the continuity evaluation result shows that the data transmission interval exceeds 3 cycles of the preset period.

5. A low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication system based on BeiDou RDSS, characterized in that, This includes telemetry terminals, satellites, and ground control centers; among which, The telemetry terminal includes a power monitoring module, a signal strength monitoring module, a power adjustment module, a rate adjustment module, a data buffer module, a channel switching module, a coding and modulation module, and a storage module; The storage module is used to store a power consumption-signal strength mapping table, which is formed as follows: Signal strength test conditions are set in a 5dBm gradient within a signal strength range of -80dBm to -130dBm; transmission power test conditions are set in a 0.1W step size within a transmission power range of 0.1W to 1W; and data transmission rate test conditions are set in 1kbps intervals within a data transmission rate range of 1kbps to 20kbps. Under each signal strength test condition, at least 100 data transmission tests are performed on the combination of transmission power and data transmission rate, and the corresponding power consumption and data transmission success rate are recorded. The least squares method is used to fit the functional relationship between transmission power and data transmission success rate under the corresponding signal strength. The maximum allowable power consumption during data transmission is determined based on the battery capacity and expected battery life of the telemetry terminal. Under the corresponding signal strength, combinations of transmission power and data transmission rate that satisfy a data transmission success rate of not less than 95% and power consumption not exceeding the maximum allowable power consumption are selected. The combination with the lowest power consumption is taken as the transmission power and data transmission rate under that signal strength to form the power consumption-signal strength mapping table. The power monitoring module is used to monitor the power status of the telemetry terminal in real time and send the power information to the power adjustment module and the rate adjustment module; The signal strength monitoring module is used to monitor the relative value of the signal strength in the surrounding environment in real time, and send the signal strength information to the power adjustment module, the rate adjustment module, the channel switching module and the coding and modulation module; The power adjustment module is used to read the corresponding transmission power from the power consumption-signal strength mapping table according to the received power information and signal strength information, and to constrain the read transmission power according to the maximum allowable power consumption; The rate adjustment module is used to read the corresponding data transmission rate from the power consumption-signal strength mapping table according to the received power information and signal strength information, and to constrain the read data transmission rate according to the maximum allowable power consumption; The data caching module is used to temporarily store data to be transmitted during data transmission rate adjustments or channel switching, and calculates the average time interval of historical data transmissions using a sliding window algorithm based on the time interval and transmission rate of the most recent 100 data transmissions. and average rate According to the formula Determine the cache capacity of the data cache module, where C is the cache capacity of the data cache module, and k is a coefficient with a value range of 1.5 to 2.5; The channel switching module is used to initiate a backup transmission channel switching process when the relative signal strength of the primary L-band channel is lower than a preset threshold for five consecutive measurement cycles. The backup transmission channel switching process includes sending a channel release signal and shutting down the RF link of the primary L-band channel, loading the parameter configuration of the backup transmission channel, starting the frequency tuning of the RF front end, sending a link detection signal, and restoring data transmission after confirming that the backup transmission channel is working properly. During data transmission, the telemetry terminal sends pilot signals during data transmission gaps. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Doppler frequency offset are calculated based on the demodulation results of the pilot signals fed back by the receiver. The channel quality is jointly evaluated using the SNR and Doppler frequency offset. An adaptive coding and modulation method is used to adjust the coding and modulation parameters according to the channel quality. The ground control center is used to receive data transmitted by the telemetry terminal through the currently active transmission channel, and to send a retransmission command or an instruction to adjust the operating parameters to the telemetry terminal when there is an anomaly in the data.

6. The low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication system based on BeiDou RDSS according to claim 5, characterized in that, The backup transmission channel is a pre-set channel in another frequency band of the BeiDou RDSS system or a shared channel established with other satellite communication systems; When switching to the shared channel, the channel switching module calls the pre-stored access authentication information and communication protocol to send an access request to the corresponding system, and obtains a temporary communication time slot after authentication.

7. The low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication system based on BeiDou RDSS according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the backup transmission channel is the S-band channel in the BeiDou RDSS system, the frequency tuning time of the channel switching module from the primary L-band channel to the S-band channel is 200ms, and the entire backup transmission channel switching process takes no more than 1s. After the backup transmission channel switching is completed, the data buffer module transmits the buffered data in an orderly manner according to the data acquisition order.

8. The low-power adaptive telemetry terminal communication system based on BeiDou RDSS according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ground control center includes a data receiving module, a data analysis module, and a command sending module; The data analysis module is used to analyze and process the received data, including using CRC32 for integrity verification, comparing the received data with historical data from the same period and theoretically reasonable ranges for accuracy analysis, and analyzing whether the data transmission interval exceeds three preset cycles for continuity assessment. The instruction sending module is used to send a retransmission instruction when the CRC32 integrity check fails, to send a retransmission instruction or an instruction to modify the sampling frequency when the accuracy analysis result exceeds the theoretically reasonable range, and to send an instruction to switch channels or adjust the transmission power when the continuity evaluation result shows that the data transmission interval exceeds 3 cycles of the preset period.

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