Breeding device and method for parent fish of yellow-fin tuna

Abstract

The device comprises a net cage, a surface temperature control assembly is arranged on the inner side of the net cage, a deep water supply assembly is arranged in the net cage, the deep water supply assembly is used for extracting low-temperature seawater from the bottom of the net cage and releasing the low-temperature seawater in the middle layer, and a middle water distributor and an intelligent flow mixer are arranged in the middle of the net cage. The intelligent flow mixer is used for forming and maintaining a stable temperature gradient in the vertical direction, an egg laying trigger layer is arranged in the net cage and comprises an adjustable spectrum LED lamp array and a horizontal pulse type flow making pump, a fish school three-dimensional behavior real-time monitoring system is arranged in the net cage, and a control room is arranged at the upper end of the net cage. According to the method, the spawning triggering water layer with the vertical temperature gradient is artificially created and dynamically regulated and controlled in the culture net cage, and the parent fishes of the yellow fin tuna are guided to spontaneously and synchronously gather to the optimal water layer by utilizing the thermotaxis and group behaviors of the parent fishes, so that the most concentrated spawning environment stimulation is accepted, and synchronous development and concentrated spawning are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and in particular to a device and method for raising yellowfin tuna broodstock. Background Technology

[0002] As a high-value fish species, the complete artificial breeding of yellowfin tuna (from egg to adult) is crucial for the sustainable development of the industry. Among these efforts, the successful breeding of broodstock and the stable production of high-quality fertilized eggs represent the primary bottleneck in the entire technology chain. Currently, mainstream yellowfin tuna broodstock farming relies mainly on large-scale marine cages, supplemented by environmental control measures.

[0003] Currently, the common method used by industry and research institutions is to place wild-caught or artificially bred parent fish of similar maturity in large net cages (diameter ≥ 50 meters), feed them nutritionally fortified frozen bait, and attempt to regulate the overall aquatic environment of the cage area to stimulate gonadal development. The main regulatory methods include: Water temperature regulation: By utilizing the seasonal natural warming of the sea area or local heating devices, efforts are made to ensure that the water in the large area of ​​the net cage reaches the suitable temperature range for tuna spawning, approximately 24-30℃.

[0004] Photoperiod regulation: Lighting equipment is installed above the net cage to simulate natural sunlight changes in an attempt to regulate the endocrine rhythm of the parent fish.

[0005] Nutritional fortification: Lipids, vitamins, etc. are added to the feed to promote gonadal development.

[0006] While the aforementioned methods can achieve sporadic natural spawning of broodstock, they fall far short of the requirements for large-scale, stable production. Their core flaw lies in the extensive and asynchronous nature of environmental control, leading to a severe asynchrony between gonadal development and spawning. Due to physiological differences among individual broodstock, and the vast, homogeneous water volume within the net cages, the extensive overall environmental stimulation cannot produce an equal and effective induction effect on all individuals. This results in uneven gonadal maturity in the broodstock, an extremely prolonged spawning period (often lasting 2-4 months), and sporadic, dispersed spawning behavior. This problem directly makes egg collection extremely difficult and inefficient, failing to provide a batch of uniformly sized fertilized eggs for subsequent large-scale seedling cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a yellowfin tuna broodstock breeding device and method, which guides the yellowfin tuna broodstock to spontaneously and synchronously gather in the optimal water layer, thereby receiving the most concentrated spawning environment stimulation, and achieving synchronous development and concentrated spawning.

[0008] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A yellowfin tuna broodstock farming device includes a net cage. A surface temperature control component floating on the sea surface is installed inside the net cage. A deep water supply component is installed inside the net cage to draw low-temperature seawater from the bottom of the net cage and release it in the middle layer. A middle layer water distributor and an intelligent mixer are installed in the middle of the net cage. The intelligent mixer is used to create and maintain a stable temperature gradient in the vertical direction. A spawning trigger layer is installed at a water depth of 5-8m inside the net cage. The spawning trigger layer includes an adjustable spectrum LED light array and a horizontal pulsed flow pump. A three-dimensional real-time monitoring system for fish behavior is installed inside the net cage. A control room is located at the top of the net cage. The surface temperature control component, deep water supply component, intelligent mixer, adjustable spectrum LED light array, and horizontal pulsed flow pump are all electrically connected to the control room.

[0009] The surface temperature control component is further configured as follows: the surface temperature control component includes a float pipe and a heat pump unit. The float pipe is located on the inner wall of the cage and has multiple drainage holes evenly distributed on it. The heat pump unit is located at the upper end of the cage, the float pipe is connected to the heat pump unit, and the other end of the heat pump unit is connected to the surface of the sea.

[0010] The deep water supply assembly is further configured such that: the deep water supply assembly includes a submersible pump and a water intake pipe, the lower end of the water intake pipe extends to the bottom of the cage and hangs down to a depth of 15-18m, the lower end of the water intake pipe is connected to the submersible pump, and the upper end of the water intake pipe is connected to the middle layer water distributor.

[0011] Further configuration: the middle layer water distributor includes a porous pipe, which is located at a water depth of 8-12m on the inner wall of the cage; the intelligent mixing device includes several mixing pumps, which are evenly distributed at the upper and lower ends of the porous pipe; the mixing pumps can be independently controlled in terms of direction and flow rate.

[0012] Further configuration: the adjustable spectrum LED array is evenly arranged on the inner wall of the cage, and the outlet of the horizontal pulsating flow pump is horizontally set to generate a gentle, reciprocating and horizontal water flow.

[0013] The system is further configured to include a multibeam sonar array, an underwater high-definition camera, a biological telemetry tag, and a vertical receiving antenna. The multi-beam sonar array is installed around the perimeter and bottom of the cage, so that the sound wave coverage areas of the multi-beam sonar array intersect with each other to form a three-dimensional monitoring network without blind spots. The underwater high-definition cameras are evenly distributed around the spawning trigger layer inside the net cage; The biotelemetry tag is implanted into part of the parent fish, and the vertical receiving antenna is located at the top of the control room. The vertical receiving antenna is used to receive data from the biotelemetry tag implanted into part of the parent fish to obtain the real-time body temperature and depth of representative individuals.

[0014] A further feature is provided: a protective net is provided at the upper end of the cage, and the periphery of the protective net is detachably connected to the cage.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for raising yellowfin tuna broodstock, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Baseline establishment and adaptive acclimatization, starting 90 days before the spawning season. S1.1 System startup, establish initial stable gradient, surface layer 0-5m, temperature 28℃, middle layer 5-12m, temperature 26℃, bottom layer below 12m, temperature 24℃, mixed flow pump operates in maintenance mode; S1.2 The monitoring system works continuously for 7 days to establish the "behavioral baseline" of the fish population under a stable gradient, namely the depth and temperature range where the parent fish prefer to gather. S2, Dynamic induction and synchronization, starting 30 days before the spawning season; S2.1 The central platform generates a "guided course" plan based on the target spawning date and "behavioral baseline": the plan is to gradually guide the core gathering layer of the fish school from 26°C to the spawning trigger layer of 28°C within 25 days; S2.2, Execute "Progressive Temperature Gradient Navigation"; The controller fine-tunes the heat pump components and mixed-flow pump daily to allow the warm core to slowly rise at a rate of 0.05-0.15 meters per day. The monitoring system provides real-time feedback on the depth of the fish school's center. If the fish lag behind, the upward movement speed is reduced; if they follow closely, the speed can be maintained or slightly increased. S2.3 When more than 75% of the biomass is detected to be continuously concentrated within a depth range of ±1 meter of the set "spawning trigger layer" for 24 hours, the system determines that the "population synchronization state" has been achieved. S3, Spawning Triggering and Maintenance; S3.1. Lock in the temperature, salinity, and other parameters of the "spawning trigger layer"; synchronously initiate a specific program for this water layer during the daily "induction window": The lights began to simulate the spectral changes of sunset, gradually changing from white light to blue light, and the intensity decreased; The horizontal flow pump starts, generating a gentle pulsating flow of 0.3-0.5 m / s; S3.2 The underwater high-definition camera enters the high-altitude monitoring state; once a gamete release signal is detected or spawning behavior is directly observed, the system records it as a "valid spawning event" and optimizes subsequent parameters; S3.3 After the spawning window ends, the system automatically restores the environment to a peaceful nighttime mode with a slightly gentler temperature gradient, allowing the parent fish to rest.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Firstly, this invention artificially creates and dynamically controls a spawning triggering water layer with a vertical temperature gradient within the aquaculture cage. By utilizing the parent fish's own thermotropism and group behavior, the yellowfin tuna parent fish are guided to spontaneously and synchronously gather at this optimal water layer, thereby receiving the most concentrated spawning environment stimulation and achieving synchronous development and concentrated spawning.

[0017] Secondly, by creating localized optimal spawning points for the parent fish, this invention not only induces more active and concentrated spawning behavior, but also significantly improves the fertilization rate, hatching rate, and vitality of newly hatched fry because the parent fish are in optimal physiological condition. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the wire mesh cage in this invention; Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 2 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Fish cage; 11. Protective net; 2. Surface temperature control component; 21. Floating pipe; 22. Heat pump unit; 23. Drainage hole; 3. Deep water supply component; 31. Submersible pump; 32. Water intake pipe; 4. Mid-layer water distributor; 41. Porous pipe; 5. Intelligent mixer; 51. Mixing pump; 6. Spawning trigger layer; 61. Adjustable spectrum LED light array; 62. Horizontal pulsed flow pump; 7. Real-time monitoring system for three-dimensional fish behavior; 71. Multibeam sonar array; 72. Underwater high-definition camera; 8. Control room. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] Example 1: A yellowfin tuna broodstock rearing device, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the structure includes a circular, wave-resistant deep-sea net cage 1 with a diameter of 60m and a netting depth of 20m. Other specifications of net cage 1 can also be used, depending on the requirements. Inside the net cage 1 is a surface temperature control component 2 floating on the sea surface. The surface temperature control component 2 includes a float pipe 21 and a heat pump unit 22. The float pipe 21 is located on the inner wall of the net cage 1, and multiple drainage holes 23 are evenly distributed on the float pipe 21. The heat pump unit 22 is located at the upper end of the net cage 1, connected to the float pipe 21, and the other end of the heat pump unit 22 is connected to the sea surface. The heat pump unit 22 draws water from the sea surface, heats or cools it to a set temperature, and then evenly discharges it through the drainage holes 23 to regulate the temperature of the surface water (0-5 meters). Figure 3 As shown.

[0025] The net cage 1 is equipped with a deep water supply assembly 3, which is used to draw low-temperature seawater from the bottom of the net cage 1 and release it in the middle layer. The deep water supply assembly 3 includes a submersible pump 31 and a water intake pipe 32. The lower end of the water intake pipe 32 extends to the bottom of the net cage 1 and hangs down to a depth of 15-18m. The lower end of the water intake pipe 32 is connected to the submersible pump 31, and the upper end of the water intake pipe 32 is connected to the middle layer water distributor 4. The submersible pump 31 draws up the lower-temperature bottom water and delivers it to the middle layer water distributor 4, where the cold water is horizontally dispersed and released.

[0026] The middle section of the net cage 1 is equipped with a mid-level water distributor 4 and an intelligent mixing device 5. The mid-level water distributor 4 includes a porous pipe 41, which is located at a water depth of 8-12m on the inner wall of the net cage 1. The intelligent mixing device 5 is used to create and maintain a stable temperature gradient in the vertical direction. The intelligent mixing device 5 includes several mixing pumps 51, which are evenly distributed at the upper and lower ends of the porous pipe 41. The direction and flow rate of the mixing pumps 51 can be independently controlled. By controlling the start, stop, direction, and flow rate of these mixing pumps 51, the temperature gradient from top to bottom within the net cage 1 can be precisely created and maintained, preventing cold water from rising too quickly or promoting the infiltration of warm water.

[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, an spawning triggering layer 6 is installed at a water depth of 5-8m inside the net cage 1. The spawning triggering layer 6 includes an adjustable spectrum LED light array 61 and a horizontal pulsed flow pump 62. The adjustable spectrum LED light array 61 is evenly distributed on the inner wall of the net cage 1 and can be programmed to simulate all-weather light changes. The outlet of the horizontal pulsed flow pump 62 is set horizontally, generating a gentle, reciprocating, and horizontal water flow.

[0028] like Figure 5 As shown, the fish cage 1 is equipped with a three-dimensional real-time monitoring system 7 for fish behavior: the three-dimensional real-time monitoring system 7 for fish behavior includes a multi-beam sonar array 71, an underwater high-definition camera 72, a biological telemetry tag and a vertical receiving antenna.

[0029] The multi-beam sonar array 71 is set around the perimeter and bottom of the cage 1, so that the sound wave coverage areas of the multi-beam sonar array 71 intersect each other to form a three-dimensional monitoring network without blind spots, and generate a heat map of fish distribution in real time.

[0030] 72 underwater high-definition cameras are evenly distributed around the spawning trigger layer 6 inside the net cage 1 to observe reproductive behavior.

[0031] Biotelemetry tags are implanted in some parent fish. A vertical receiving antenna is located at the top of the control room 8. The vertical receiving antenna is used to receive data from the biotelemetry tags implanted in some parent fish to obtain the real-time body temperature and depth of representative individuals.

[0032] The upper part of the cage 1 is equipped with a control chamber 8. The surface temperature control component 2, the deep water supply component 3, the intelligent mixer 5, the adjustable spectrum LED light array 61, and the horizontal pulse flow pump 62 are all electrically connected to the control chamber 8. The control chamber 8 controls the various electronic components in this device, enabling them to work together.

[0033] A protective net 11 is installed at the top of the net cage 1, and the perimeter of the protective net 11 is detachably connected to the net cage 1. This is to prevent the fish eggs floating on the water surface from being eaten by seabirds, which would affect subsequent breeding operations.

[0034] Example 2: A method for culturing yellowfin tuna broodstock, comprising the following steps: S1. Baseline establishment and adaptive acclimatization, starting 90 days before the spawning season. S1.1 System startup, establish initial stable gradient, surface layer 0-5m, temperature 28℃, middle layer 5-12m, temperature 26℃, bottom layer below 12m, temperature 24℃, mixed flow pump 51 operates in maintenance mode; S1.2 The monitoring system works continuously for 7 days to establish the "behavioral baseline" of the fish population under a stable gradient, namely the depth and temperature range where the parent fish prefer to gather. S2, Dynamic induction and synchronization, starting 30 days before the spawning season; S2.1 The central platform generates a "guided course" plan based on the target spawning date and "behavioral baseline": the plan is to gradually guide the core gathering layer of the fish school from 26°C to the spawning trigger layer 6 at 28°C within 25 days; S2.2, Execute "Progressive Temperature Gradient Navigation"; The controller fine-tunes the heat pump components and mixed-flow pump 51 daily to allow the warm core to slowly rise at a rate of 0.05-0.15 meters per day. The monitoring system provides real-time feedback on the depth of the fish school's center. If the fish lag behind, the upward movement speed is reduced; if they follow closely, the speed can be maintained or slightly increased. S2.3 When more than 75% of the biomass is detected to be continuously concentrated within the set depth range of "spawning trigger layer 6" ± 1 meter for 24 hours, the system determines that "population synchronization state" has been achieved. S3, Spawning Triggering and Maintenance; S3.1. Lock in the temperature, salinity, and other parameters of "spawning trigger layer 6"; synchronously initiate specific procedures for this water layer during the daily "induction window": The lights began to simulate the spectral changes of sunset, gradually changing from white light to blue light, and the intensity decreased; The horizontal flow pump starts, generating a gentle pulsating flow of 0.3-0.5 m / s; S3.2, the underwater high-definition camera 72 enters the altitude monitoring state; once a gamete release signal is detected or spawning behavior is directly observed, the system records it as a "valid spawning event" and optimizes subsequent parameters; S3.3 After the spawning window ends, the system automatically restores the environment to a peaceful nighttime mode with a slightly gentler temperature gradient, allowing the parent fish to rest.

[0035] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A yellowfin tuna broodstock farming device, comprising a net cage (1), characterized in that: The inner side of the net cage (1) is provided with a surface temperature control component (2) floating on the sea surface. The net cage (1) is provided with a deep water supply component (3). The deep water supply component (3) is used to draw low-temperature seawater from the bottom of the net cage (1) and release it in the middle layer. The middle layer water distributor (4) and intelligent mixer (5) are provided in the middle of the net cage (1). The intelligent mixer (5) is used to shape and maintain a stable temperature gradient in the vertical direction. A water distribution device is installed at a depth of 5-8m in the net cage (1). There is a spawning trigger layer (6), which includes an adjustable spectrum LED light array (61) and a horizontal pulse flow pump (62). The net cage (1) is equipped with a fish school three-dimensional behavior real-time monitoring system (7). The upper end of the net cage (1) is equipped with a control room (8). The surface temperature control component (2), the deep water supply component (3), the intelligent mixer (5), the adjustable spectrum LED light array (61) and the horizontal pulse flow pump (62) are all electrically connected to the control room (8).

2. The yellowfin tuna broodstock rearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface temperature control component (2) includes a float pipe (21) and a heat pump unit (22). The float pipe (21) is located on the inner wall of the cage (1). Multiple drainage holes (23) are evenly opened on the float pipe (21). The heat pump unit (22) is located at the upper end of the cage (1). The float pipe (21) is connected to the heat pump unit (22). The other end of the heat pump unit (22) is connected to the surface of the sea.

3. The yellowfin tuna broodstock rearing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The deep water supply component (3) includes a submersible pump (31) and a water intake pipe (32). The lower end of the water intake pipe (32) extends to the bottom of the cage (1) and hangs down to a depth of 15-18m. The lower end of the water intake pipe (32) is connected to the submersible pump (31), and the upper end of the water intake pipe (32) is connected to the middle layer water distributor (4).

4. The yellowfin tuna broodstock rearing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The middle layer water distributor (4) includes a porous pipe (41), which is located at a water depth of 8-12m on the inner wall of the net cage (1). The intelligent mixing device (5) includes several mixing pumps (51), which are evenly distributed at the upper and lower ends of the porous pipe (41). The mixing pumps (51) can independently control the direction and flow rate.

5. The yellowfin tuna broodstock rearing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustable spectrum LED array (61) is evenly arranged on the inner wall of the net cage (1), and the outlet of the horizontal pulsating flow pump (62) is set horizontally to generate a gentle, reciprocating and horizontal water flow.

6. The yellowfin tuna broodstock rearing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fish school three-dimensional behavior real-time monitoring system (7) includes a multibeam sonar array (71), an underwater high-definition camera (72), a biological telemetry tag and a vertical receiving antenna; The multi-beam sonar array (71) is located around and at the bottom of the cage (1), so that the sound wave coverage areas of the multi-beam sonar array (71) intersect each other to form a three-dimensional monitoring network without blind spots. The underwater high-definition camera (72) is evenly distributed around the spawning trigger layer (6) inside the net cage (1); The biotelemetry tag is implanted into part of the parent fish, and the vertical receiving antenna is located at the upper end of the control room (8). The vertical receiving antenna is used to receive data from the biotelemetry tag implanted into part of the parent fish to obtain the real-time body temperature and depth of representative individuals.

7. The yellowfin tuna broodstock rearing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper end of the cage (1) is provided with a protective net (11), and the periphery of the protective net (11) is detachably connected to the cage (1).

8. A method for culturing yellowfin tuna broodstock according to claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Baseline establishment and adaptive acclimatization, starting 90 days before the spawning season. S1.1, The system starts up and establishes an initial stable gradient. The surface layer (0-5m) has a temperature of 28℃, the middle layer (5-12m) has a temperature of 26℃, and the bottom layer (below 12m) has a temperature of 24℃. The mixed flow pump (51) operates in maintenance mode. S1.2 The monitoring system works continuously for 7 days to establish the "behavioral baseline" of the fish population under a stable gradient, namely the depth and temperature range where the parent fish prefer to gather. S2, Dynamic induction and synchronization, starting 30 days before the spawning season; S2.1 The central platform generates a "guided channel" plan based on the target spawning date and "behavioral baseline": the plan is to gradually guide the core gathering layer of the fish from 26°C to the spawning triggering layer of 28°C within 25 days (6). S2.2, Execute "Progressive Temperature Gradient Navigation"; The controller fine-tunes the heat pump assembly and mixed-flow pump (51) daily to make the warm core slowly rise at a rate of 0.05-0.15 meters per day; The monitoring system provides real-time feedback on the depth of the fish school's center. If the fish lag behind, the upward movement speed is reduced. If you follow closely, you can maintain or slightly accelerate; S2.3 When more than 75% of the biomass is detected to be continuously gathered within the set "spawning trigger layer (6)" ± 1 meter depth range for 24 hours, the system determines that "population synchronization state" has been achieved; S3, Spawning Triggering and Maintenance; S3.

1. Lock the temperature, salinity and other parameters of the "spawning trigger layer (6)"; during the daily "induction window", synchronously start the specific program of this water layer: The lights began to simulate the spectral changes of sunset, gradually changing from white light to blue light, and the intensity decreased; The horizontal flow pump starts, generating a gentle pulsating flow of 0.3-0.5 m / s; S3.2, The underwater high-definition camera (72) enters the high-altitude monitoring state; once the gamete release signal is detected or the spawning behavior is directly observed, the system records it as a "valid spawning event" and optimizes subsequent parameters; S3.3 After the spawning window ends, the system automatically restores the environment to a peaceful nighttime mode with a slightly gentler temperature gradient, allowing the parent fish to rest.

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