Multi-buffering device protection structure for preventing high-speed impact of high-altitude falling object
By combining steel plates and waste tires in a multi-stage collaborative design, along with a three-stage protection mechanism, the problems of weak impact resistance and low resource utilization of existing protective structures have been solved. This has achieved efficient high-speed falling object protection and material recycling, reducing construction costs and safety risks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610048662.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing protective structures are weak in impact resistance and penetration resistance when facing falling objects from heights. They also have poor buffering effects, are prone to secondary injuries, and have low resource utilization. They are difficult to effectively block the impact or penetration of high-speed falling objects, thus affecting construction safety.
The system employs a multi-layered synergistic design combining rigid steel plate blocking with elastic buffering from waste tires. It includes an upper steel plate, single and double tire buffer layers, and a bottom steel plate. Through a three-stage protection mechanism—stress dispersion, energy gradient absorption, and residual energy isolation—and combined with modified polyurethane foam and composite glass wool filler, it achieves integrated protection against high-speed falling objects by blocking, buffering, and dissipating force.
It significantly improves protective performance, increases energy absorption efficiency to 85%, reduces structural weight and cost, achieves 100% material utilization, adapts to extreme environments, improves maintenance convenience, and reduces installation and maintenance costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN121593601A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a multi-buffered protective structure for preventing high-speed impacts from falling objects from heights, belonging to the field of high-altitude safety protection technology. Background Technology
[0002] With the number of super high-rise buildings (≥100m in height) increasing year by year, the kinetic energy of falling objects from heights is increasing exponentially, making traditional protective structures unable to meet safety requirements. Calculations show that a 100kg concrete block falling from a height of 100m can generate an impact kinetic energy of up to 98kJ, far exceeding the load-bearing limit of existing "steel plate + foam" structures. At construction sites or on ultra-long sloping tunnel construction sites, slender objects such as steel bars or scaffolding pipes are prone to falling. Due to their sharp points and high speed, ordinary buffer structures are difficult to withstand and are easily punctured or penetrated, causing safety accidents. Current technology suffers from three major flaws: First, the rigid structure's impact resistance design is simplistic, employing multi-layered steel plate protective devices that only increase the thickness of the steel plates to enhance protection, resulting in a structural weight increase of over 200% and a dramatic increase in installation costs. Second, the energy absorption efficiency of the buffer materials is low; existing technologies mostly use a single polyurethane or rubber buffer layer with an energy absorption density of less than 20 kJ / m³, making them prone to "stress concentration breakdown" when facing high-speed falling objects. Third, the materials have poor synergy; there is a lack of an effective stress transmission mechanism between the steel plate and the buffer layer, with over 80% of the impact energy being directly transferred to the foundation through rigid contact, easily leading to structural overturning or secondary damage.
[0003] Waste tires, a typical form of industrial solid waste, are emitted in quantities exceeding 1.5 billion units globally each year. Their natural "cord-reinforced rubber" composite structure possesses excellent energy absorption characteristics. Tests have shown that the maximum energy absorption value of a single passenger car tire can reach 13 kJ, which is more than five times that of polyurethane of the same volume. However, in current technologies, waste tires are mostly shredded and used for roadbed filling, failing to fully utilize the buffering potential of their macroscopic structure.
[0004] Therefore, to address the safety issues arising from the high-speed impact or penetration of falling objects from heights, a protective device with stable structure, strong impact resistance, high penetration resistance, and convenient assembly and disassembly is urgently needed. This device should effectively block the impact or penetration of high-speed falling objects without affecting construction work, ensuring the safety of construction workers or pedestrians below. It should also achieve the dual goals of rapid construction and cost control. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the problems of existing protective structures against falling objects from heights, such as weak impact resistance, poor penetration resistance, inadequate cushioning, susceptibility to secondary injuries, and low resource utilization, this invention provides a multi-buffered protective structure against high-speed impacts from falling objects. Through a multi-coordinated design of "rigid steel plate blocking + elastic buffering from waste tires," it achieves integrated protection against high-speed falling objects by "blocking, buffering, and unloading," while simultaneously realizing the resource utilization of waste tires and reducing protection costs.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A multi-buffered protective structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects from high altitudes includes, from top to bottom, an upper steel plate layer that can be detachably connected together, a single-layer tire buffer layer, a middle steel plate layer, a double-layer tire buffer layer, and a bottom steel plate layer. The upper steel plate layer includes an upper steel plate and a large deformation anti-penetration protection component and a large rigidity anti-penetration protection component disposed thereon; The single-layer tire buffer layer includes a single-layer waste tire and a single-layer tire filler; the single-layer waste tire is laid flat on the middle steel plate layer, and the single-layer waste tire is filled with a single-layer tire filler. The middle steel plate layer includes a middle steel plate and a rubber anti-slip layer of the middle steel plate adhered to the bottom; The double-layer tire buffer layer includes two layers of waste tires and two layers of tire filler; the two layers of waste tires are stacked axially, the sidewalls of the two tires are attached together, and they are fixed with bolts along the circumference of the tire joint. The bottom steel plate layer includes a bottom steel plate and a shock-absorbing support system; the top of the shock-absorbing support system is connected to the bottom steel plate, and the bottom is connected to the main structure.
[0007] Furthermore, the large deformation anti-penetration protection component includes a conical steel cap, a first damper, and a spring. The conical steel cap is installed on the upper end of the first damper, and the lower end is fixed on the upper steel plate. The spring is sleeved on the first damper, with the upper and lower ends respectively abutting against the conical steel cap and the upper steel plate.
[0008] Furthermore, the high-rigidity anti-penetration protective component also includes a conical steel cap, a second damper, and a butterfly spring; the upper end of the second damper is fitted with the conical steel cap, and the lower end is fixed to the upper steel plate; the butterfly spring is sleeved on the second damper, with its upper and lower ends respectively abutting against the conical steel cap and the upper steel plate.
[0009] Furthermore, the conical steel cap is in the form of a truncated cone.
[0010] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the upper steel plate is also provided with an upper steel plate rubber anti-slip layer; the upper steel plate rubber anti-slip layer is a nitrile rubber anti-slip pad with a thickness of 2-3mm that is pasted on the bottom surface of the upper steel plate.
[0011] Furthermore, the inner circle of the single-layer waste tire is sealed with a rubber plate to form a sealed annular space.
[0012] Furthermore, the single-layer tire filler is a modified polyurethane foam filler, which is made by mixing polyurethane prepolymer, 5%-10% nano-silica and 10%-20% hollow glass microspheres, with a density of 0.3-0.7 g / cm³ and a compressive strength ≥3 MPa, and is injected into the interior of a single-layer waste tire through a vacuum injection process.
[0013] Furthermore, the double-layer tire filler is composite glass wool.
[0014] Furthermore, the damping support system consists of a disc spring, a rubber elastomer, and a damping column. The damping column is installed on the main structure, and a rubber elastomer is sleeved on the damping column. A disc spring is snapped onto the outer periphery of the rubber elastomer.
[0015] Furthermore, the upper, middle, and lower steel plates have pre-drilled mounting holes at their four corners for installation on the damping positioning columns.
[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: Addressing the characteristics of high-speed falling objects—high impact kinetic energy and complex damage patterns—this invention breaks through the limitations of traditional "single blocking or single buffering" designs, proposing a "three-stage protection" theory: The first stage is the "stress dispersion stage," where the upper steel plate structure transforms point impacts into surface forces, reducing local stress peaks; the second stage is the "energy gradient absorption stage," the core innovation of which lies in utilizing the non-Newtonian fluid characteristics of the composite system formed by waste tires and modified fillers—"flowing under force and solidifying upon removal of force"—ensuring structural stability when subjected to high-speed impacts from falling objects. Under stress, the internal mesh structure of the system rapidly decomposes and absorbs energy through viscous flow. After the impact load is removed, the mesh structure quickly reassembles and restores rigidity, preventing the buffer layer from continuously deforming and failing. Combined with the different deformation thresholds of single-layer and double-layer tires, graded attenuation of impact energy is achieved. Utilizing the different deformation characteristics of single-layer and double-layer waste tires, along with vulcanized rubber filler materials, graded attenuation of impact energy is achieved, increasing the absorption efficiency to over 85%. The third stage is the "residual energy isolation stage," where the rigid-elastic synergy of the bottom steel plate and shock-absorbing supports prevents the transmission of residual stress to the ground. Simultaneously, the optimized thickness ratio of each layer based on simulation analysis ensures a balance between the structure's self-weight and protective performance.
[0017] Breakthrough in protective performance: Based on the "three-stage protection" theory, the multi-layered structure utilizes an upper steel plate umbrella-shaped anti-penetration component to increase impact stress dispersion efficiency to 60%. A single-layer waste soft tire buffer layer initially absorbs 30% of the impact energy, while a double-layer waste hard tire buffer layer, combined with composite filler, achieves gradient absorption of the remaining 50% of the energy. Finally, the bottom steel plate and shock-absorbing support system attenuate residual stress to below 1 MPa. In an experimental test where a 20kg steel pipe was dropped from a height of 100m, the buffer structure showed no penetration, with a maximum deformation of 5mm, far superior to existing technologies.
[0018] Innovative Material Synergy Mechanism: The core breakthrough lies in constructing a synergistic system of "rigid steel plate constraint + rubber tire - non-Newtonian fluid buffering of filler." Utilizing the buffer layer's characteristic of "flowing only under force and solidifying upon release of force," it solves the problems of traditional buffer materials being either "too rigid and prone to puncture" or "too rigid and prone to rebound." Simultaneously, the macroscopic structure of waste tires achieves 100% utilization. The synergistic effect of its cord-reinforced rubber structure and the non-Newtonian properties of the modified filler increases the energy absorption efficiency of a single tire by 60% compared to after pulverization, and it recovers its initial shape within 3-5 seconds after impact, enabling repeated protection.
[0019] Significant economic and environmental benefits: The core buffer material uses recycled tires, reducing material costs by 50% compared to traditional polyurethane buffer layers. The structural weight is reduced by 50% compared to all-steel plate structures of the same protection level, and installation and transportation costs are reduced by 40%. Significant environmental benefits: Based on the use of 100 recycled tires per unit, the total emission reduction is approximately 3.74-6.5 tons of equivalent CO2.
[0020] Strong adaptability to extreme environments: The application of composite anti-rust coating and modified rubber materials enables the structure to work stably in extremely cold regions of -40℃ and high-temperature exposure environments of 80℃. It can withstand salt spray corrosion for up to 1200 hours and is suitable for high humidity and high salt spray environments in coastal areas.
[0021] Optimized maintenance convenience: The detachable connection design reduces the replacement time of a single component to less than 30 minutes. The replacement needs of the worn tire buffer layer can be intuitively judged by the surface wear degree, without the need for professional testing equipment, reducing maintenance costs by 70%. Attached Figure Description
[0022] Figure 1 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an internal sectional view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of components in the upper steel plate layer of this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the engineering application combination of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-5 The present invention will be further described in detail below to facilitate a clear understanding of the invention, but these descriptions do not constitute a limitation thereof.
[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.
[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0026] Example 1 As attached Figure 1-5 As shown, the multi-buffered protective structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects in this embodiment includes, from top to bottom, an upper steel plate layer 1, a single-layer tire buffer layer 2, a middle steel plate layer 3, a double-layer tire buffer layer 4, and a bottom steel plate layer 5 that are detachably connected together. like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the upper steel plate layer 1 includes an upper steel plate 101 and a large deformation anti-penetration protection component 102 and a large rigidity anti-penetration protection component 103 disposed thereon; the large deformation anti-penetration protection component 103 includes a conical steel cap 105, a first damper 106 and a spring 107. The upper end of the first damper 106 is equipped with the conical steel cap 105, and the lower end is fixed on the upper steel plate 101. The spring 107 is sleeved on the first damper 106, and the upper and lower ends respectively abut against the conical steel cap 105 and the upper steel plate 101. The high-rigidity anti-penetration protective component 103 also includes a conical steel cap 105, a second damper 108, and a butterfly spring 109; the upper end of the second damper 108 is fitted with the conical steel cap 105, and the lower end is fixed on the upper steel plate 101; the butterfly spring 109 is sleeved on the second damper 108, with its upper and lower ends abutting against the conical steel cap 105 and the upper steel plate 101, respectively.
[0027] In this embodiment, the conical steel cap 105 is in the form of a truncated cone. The bottom surface of the upper steel plate 101 is also provided with an upper steel plate rubber anti-slip layer 104; the upper steel plate rubber anti-slip layer 104 is a nitrile rubber anti-slip pad with a thickness of 2-3mm that is pasted on the bottom surface of the upper steel plate 101.
[0028] like Figure 1-2 , Figure 4 As shown, the single-layer tire buffer layer 2 includes a single-layer waste tire 201 and a single-layer tire filler 202. The single-layer waste tire 201 is placed flat on the middle steel plate layer 3. The inner circle of the single-layer waste tire 201 is sealed with a rubber plate to form a sealed annular space, which is filled with the single-layer tire filler 202. In this embodiment, the single-layer tire filler 202 is a modified polyurethane foam filler, which is made by mixing polyurethane prepolymer, 5%-10% nano silica and 10%-20% hollow glass microspheres. The density is 0.3-0.7 g / cm³, and the compressive strength is ≥3 MPa. It is injected into the single-layer waste tire 201 through a vacuum injection process.
[0029] The middle steel plate layer 3 includes a middle steel plate 301 and a middle steel plate rubber anti-slip layer 302 bonded to the bottom; The double-layer tire buffer layer 4 includes a double-layer waste tire 401 and a double-layer tire filler 402; the double-layer waste tire 401 is stacked axially, the sidewalls of the two tires are attached together, and fixed along the circumference of the tire joint by bolts 403; in this embodiment, the double-layer tire filler 402 is composite glass wool.
[0030] The bottom steel plate layer 5 includes a bottom steel plate 501 and a damping support system 502. The top of the damping support system 502 is connected to the bottom steel plate 501, and the bottom is connected to the main structure 506. The damping support system 502 consists of a disc spring 503, a rubber elastomer 504, and a damping column 505. The damping column 505 is installed on the main structure 506, and the rubber elastomer 504 is sleeved on the damping column 505. The disc spring 503 is snapped onto the outer periphery of the rubber elastomer 504.
[0031] In this embodiment, the upper steel plate 101, the middle steel plate 301, and the bottom steel plate 501 have pre-drilled diameter mounting holes at their four corners for mounting on the damping positioning column 6.
[0032] Example 2 This embodiment is designed for a 150m high-rise building construction site. It needs to withstand the impact of a 50kg concrete block falling from a height of 100m, and the penetrating impact of a 20kg scaffolding steel pipe falling from a height of 100m. It serves as a protective cover for the ground-level pedestrian walkway, ensuring the safe passage of ground workers and pedestrians. Specific structural parameters are as follows.
[0033] A multi-layered buffer structure for protecting against high-speed impacts from falling objects, such as... Figure 6 As shown, it includes an upper steel plate layer 1, a single-layer tire buffer layer 2, a middle steel plate layer 3, a double-layer tire buffer layer 4, and a bottom steel plate layer 5. Each module is connected using a detachable, modular structure, allowing for quick installation and disassembly, and reuse upon secondary transport. The specific structure is as follows: like Figure 5 As shown, the upper steel plate layer 1 includes an upper steel plate 101, a large deformation anti-penetration protective component 102, a large rigidity anti-penetration protective component 103, and an upper steel plate rubber anti-slip layer 104. The upper steel plate 101 has dimensions of 600×600mm-1000×1000mm, is made of Q355B low-alloy high-strength steel plate, and its thickness is optimized to 6-10mm through finite element analysis. For scenarios with impact loads ≥100kJ, a thickness of 12-14mm is selected; for scenarios with impact loads ≥1000kJ, a thickness of 16-20mm is selected. The upper steel plate 101 has 50mm diameter mounting holes at its four corners for mounting on the damping positioning posts 6. The large deformation anti-penetration protective component 103 includes a conical steel cap 105, a first damper 106, and a spring 107. The conical steel cap 105 is in the form of a truncated cone, with a base diameter of 100mm, a top diameter of 10mm, and a height of 40mm. The first damper 106 has an outer cylinder diameter of 36mm and a height of 68mm, capable of compressing and deforming by 30mm. The first damper 106 has threads at both ends; a conical steel cap 105 is mounted on the upper end, and the lower end is fixed to the upper steel plate 101. The spring 107 has an outer diameter of 50mm, an inner diameter of 40mm, and a wire diameter of 10mm. The high-rigidity, penetration-resistant protective assembly 103 includes a conical steel cap 105, a second damper 108, and a disc spring 109. The conical steel cap 105 is in the form of a truncated cone, with a base diameter of 100mm, a top diameter of 10mm, and a height of 40mm. The second damper 108 has an outer cylinder diameter of 36mm and a height of 100mm, capable of compressing and deforming by 40mm. The second damper 108 has threads at both ends; a conical steel cap 105 is mounted on the upper end, and the lower end is fixed to the upper steel plate 101. The disc spring 109 has an outer diameter of 80mm, an inner diameter of 40mm, and a thickness of 3mm. Under small impacts, the conical steel cap 105 compresses the spring 107 downwards, effectively mitigating the impact force. Under large impacts, the high-rigidity, penetration-resistant protective component 103 participates in the buffering. Simultaneously, for high-speed, sharp falling objects impacting the conical steel cap of the large-deformation penetration-resistant protective component 102, during compression deformation, they are guided to the conical steel cap of the high-rigidity, penetration-resistant protective component 103. The high-rigidity, penetration-resistant protective component 103, through compression deformation, provides greater resistance, preventing penetration. The upper steel plate rubber anti-slip layer 104 consists of a 2-3mm thick nitrile rubber anti-slip pad adhered to the bottom surface of the steel plate, used to enhance friction with the upper buffer layer.
[0034] like Figure 1-2, Figure 4 As shown, the single-layer tire buffer layer 2 includes a single-layer waste tire 201 and a single-layer tire filler 202. The single-layer waste tire 201 is a waste soft tire, preferably a waste passenger car tire of specifications 185 / 70 R14 to 225 / 65 R17, with a tire body integrity of ≥85% (no punctures). The single-layer waste tire 201 is placed flat on the middle steel plate layer 3, and the inner circle of the tire is sealed with a rubber plate to form a sealed annular space for filling energy-consuming materials. The single-layer tire filler 202 is a modified polyurethane foam filler. This filler, combined with the tire cord rubber, forms a composite system with the unique characteristic of "flowing under stress and solidifying upon stress removal"—it exhibits a semi-solid rigid structure under normal conditions, capable of withstanding its own weight and that of the upper steel plate without significant deformation. When subjected to high-speed impact loads, the support network formed by the nano-silica and hollow glass microspheres within the filler instantly disintegrates. Through viscous flow and the elastic deformation of the tire rubber, it absorbs energy. After the impact (stress removal), the polyurethane molecular chains rapidly cross-link and recombine, and combined with the rebound effect of the cord, the buffer layer returns to its initial shape within 3-5 seconds, preventing permanent deformation. The filler is composed of a mixture of polyurethane prepolymer, nano-silica (5%-10%), and hollow glass microspheres (10%-20%), with a density of 0.3-0.7 g / cm³ and a compressive strength ≥3 MPa. It is injected into the tire interior using a vacuum infusion process.
[0035] like Figure 1-2 , Figure 4 As shown, the middle steel plate layer 3 includes a middle steel plate 301 and a middle steel plate rubber anti-slip layer 302. The middle steel plate 301 is made of Q355B steel plate, with a thickness of 60%-80% (6-12mm) of the upper steel plate. Within the tire projection range, the middle steel plate 301 has circular holes with a diameter of 10-20mm and a center-to-center spacing of 30-60mm, achieving a weight reduction rate of 10%-20%, reducing weight without compromising rigidity. The four corners of the middle steel plate 301 have pre-drilled 50mm diameter mounting holes for installation on damping positioning posts. The middle steel plate rubber anti-slip layer 302 consists of 2-3mm thick nitrile rubber anti-slip pads adhered to the upper and lower surfaces of the middle steel plate 301 to enhance friction with the upper buffer layer.
[0036] like Figure 1-2 , Figure 4As shown, the double-layer tire buffer layer 4 includes double-layer used tires 401, double-layer tire filler 402, and bolts 403. The double-layer used tires 401 are used hard tires, with two tires stacked axially and their sidewalls pressed together. Four to eight bolt holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the tire joint to secure the two layers of tires and prevent them from bouncing apart under a large impact, causing misalignment after falling back. The double-layer tire filler 402 is a composite glass wool buffer layer. Upon impact, the glass wool fibers compress and deform to absorb energy, while the tire further buffers the impact through tire body expansion and deformation. After impact, the loose structure of the glass wool and the elasticity of the tire work together to restore the buffer layer to its initial state. The bolts 403 are M6-M16 bolts, mainly used to pass through the two layers of tires and tighten them to secure them as a whole.
[0037] like Figure 1-2 , Figure 4 As shown, the bottom steel plate layer 5 includes a bottom steel plate 501 and a vibration damping support system 502. The bottom steel plate 501 is made of Q355B steel plate, and its thickness is the same as that of the middle steel plate layer 3, which is 60%-80% (i.e., 6-12mm) of the upper steel plate. The four sides of the bottom steel plate 501 are connected to the vibration damping support system 502 and the main structure 6 by bolts, which plays a role in vibration damping. The damping support system 502 is made of a composite of "butterfly spring 503 + rubber elastomer 504 + damping column 505". The upper and lower ends are butterfly springs 503, which are interlocked. The middle section is rubber elastomer 504, which has a "gradual stiffness" damping effect. Under small impact, the rubber elastomer 504 is compressed and, due to its low stiffness, can provide a relatively soft damping effect. Under large impact, the rubber elastomer 504 is compressed to a certain extent, and the interlocked butterfly springs 503 participate in the force, and the stiffness gradually increases, which can provide a damping effect with greater stiffness.
[0038] This device was applied at a construction site of a super high-rise building. For a 150m high-rise construction site, it needed to withstand the penetrating impact of a 20kg scaffolding steel pipe falling from a height of 100m, serving as a protective shield for the ground-level pedestrian walkway to ensure the safe passage of ground workers and pedestrians. Specifically, it intercepted 12 impacts from falling objects (including 4 Φ20mm steel bars and 8 Φ50mm scaffolding steel pipes). After the impacts, several large deformation penetration-resistant protective components in the upper steel plate layer were damaged, and some large rigid penetration-resistant protective components were also damaged, requiring timely replacement of energy-consuming components. The single-layer tire buffer layer experienced significant compression deformation but did not break; the double-layer tire buffer layer did not experience significant impact. Safety management costs were reduced by 40%.
[0039] Through repeated use of the device, it was found that it has advantages such as multiple buffer protection, strong anti-penetration ability, easy disassembly and assembly, and easy replacement of energy-consuming parts. It is particularly suitable for impact protection at construction sites of super high-rise projects, especially for penetration protection of steel bars or scaffolding pipes, and has a very good application prospect.
[0040] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the structure of the present invention. The arrangement and quantity of the present invention are not limited to this example and can be optimized according to actual engineering conditions. Any modifications, equivalent changes, and decorations made to the above embodiments based on the technical principles of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A multi-buffered protective structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects from heights, characterized in that: From top to bottom, it includes a detachable upper steel plate layer (1), a single tire buffer layer (2), a middle steel plate layer (3), a double tire buffer layer (4), and a bottom steel plate layer (5). The upper steel plate layer (1) includes an upper steel plate (101) and a large deformation anti-penetration protection component (102) and a large rigidity anti-penetration protection component (103) disposed thereon. The single-layer tire buffer layer (2) includes a single-layer waste tire (201) and a single-layer tire filler (202); the single-layer waste tire (201) is placed flat on the middle steel plate layer (3), and the single-layer waste tire (201) is filled with a single-layer tire filler (202). The middle steel plate layer (3) includes a middle steel plate (301) and a rubber anti-slip layer (302) attached to the bottom; The double-layer tire buffer layer (4) includes a double-layer waste tire (401) and a double-layer tire filler (402); the double-layer waste tire (401) is stacked along the axial direction, the sidewalls of the two tires are attached together, and fixed along the circumference of the tire joint by bolts (403). The bottom steel plate layer (5) includes a bottom steel plate (501) and a shock-absorbing support system (502); the top of the shock-absorbing support system (502) is connected to the bottom steel plate (501), and the bottom is connected to the main structure (506).
2. The multi-buffered protective structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large deformation anti-penetration protection component (103) includes a conical steel cap (105), a first damper (106), and a spring (107). The conical steel cap (105) is installed on the upper end of the first damper (106), and the lower end is fixed on the upper steel plate (101). The spring (107) is sleeved on the first damper (106), and the upper and lower ends respectively abut against the conical steel cap (105) and the upper steel plate (101).
3. The multi-buffered protection structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-rigidity anti-penetration protective component (103) also includes a conical steel cap (105), a second damper (108), and a butterfly spring (109); the upper end of the second damper (108) is fitted with the conical steel cap (105), and the lower end is fixed on the upper steel plate (101); the butterfly spring (109) is sleeved on the second damper (108), and the upper and lower ends respectively abut against the conical steel cap (105) and the upper steel plate (101).
4. The multi-buffered protection structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects according to claim 3, characterized in that: The conical steel cap (105) is in the form of a truncated cone.
5. The multi-buffered protection structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the upper steel plate (101) is also provided with a rubber anti-slip layer (104); the rubber anti-slip layer (104) is a nitrile rubber anti-slip pad with a thickness of 2-3mm pasted on the bottom surface of the upper steel plate (101).
6. The multi-buffered protective structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner circle of the single-layer waste tire (201) is sealed with a rubber plate to form a sealed annular space.
7. The multi-buffered protection structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects according to claim 4, characterized in that: The single-layer tire filler (202) is a modified polyurethane foam filler, which is made by mixing polyurethane prepolymer, 5%-10% nano silica and 10%-20% hollow glass microspheres. The density is 0.3-0.7 g / cm³ and the compressive strength is ≥3 MPa. It is injected into the interior of a single-layer waste tire (201) through a vacuum injection process.
8. The multi-buffered protection structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-layer tire filler (402) is composite glass wool.
9. The multi-buffered protective structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping support system (502) consists of a butterfly spring (503), a rubber elastomer (504) and a damping column (505). The damping column (505) is installed on the main structure (506), and the rubber elastomer (504) is sleeved on the damping column (505). The butterfly spring (503) is snapped onto the outer periphery of the rubber elastomer (504).
10. The multi-buffered protection structure for preventing high-speed impact from falling objects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper steel plate (101), the middle steel plate (301), and the bottom steel plate (501) have pre-drilled diameter mounting holes at their four corners for installation on the damping positioning column (6).