Pressure relief type light high-strength arch and multi-source dynamic evaluation method

Abstract

The application discloses a yielding type light high-strength arch frame and a multi-source dynamic evaluation method, belongs to the technical field of deep coal mine roadway support design and intelligent monitoring, and comprises a light high-strength arch frame, a yielding connection clamping cable, an intelligent yielding energy absorption device and an intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system. The light high-strength arch frame is of a sectional structure, adjacent two sections of the arch frame are slidably connected through the yielding connection clamping cable, the outer side of the uplink arch frame at the connection position is provided with the intelligent yielding energy absorption device, the intelligent yielding energy absorption device is in abutment with the tail end of the downlink arch frame, and at least one intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system is fixedly arranged on the inner side of each section of the arch frame. While the self weight of the arch frame is reduced as much as possible, the deformation energy of the tunnel surrounding rock is absorbed, and the safety and stability of the arch frame is monitored in real time, so that the installation efficiency of the arch frame is improved, the arch frame deformation problem is reduced, and the safety of the roadway support is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of deep coal mine roadway support design and intelligent monitoring technology, and particularly relates to pressure-relief type lightweight high-strength arch frame and multi-source dynamic evaluation method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information relating to this disclosure and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] As coal mining progresses to deeper levels, mine roadways face increasingly complex geological environments, making them prone to large deformations of the surrounding rock. Arch frames, as the last line of defense for rock support, are widely used in underground engineering and play a crucial role in stabilizing the surrounding rock. However, traditional steel arch frames are prone to bending or breakage when faced with high-stress, extremely soft rock, and large-section geological environments. Furthermore, the significant weight of traditional steel arch frames severely impacts construction efficiency.

[0004] Traditional steel arch frames are heavy, increasing the difficulty of transportation and installation. In complex strata such as soft rock or faults, they are prone to local instability due to large deformation of the surrounding rock. Although existing collapsible arch frames allow for a certain degree of deformation, they have low energy absorption efficiency, lack real-time monitoring capabilities, and are difficult to adapt to dynamic surrounding rock loads.

[0005] Moreover, as a support component, the arch frame needs to be monitored for strain, displacement and other data. However, the existing monitoring technology is complicated to operate on-site, and staff must go to the site to collect data using the matching acquisition instruments. This makes it difficult to provide timely warnings and causes great inconvenience to the staff. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a lightweight, high-strength arch frame with a pressure profile and a multi-source dynamic evaluation method. While minimizing the self-weight of the arch frame, it absorbs the deformation energy of the tunnel surrounding rock and monitors the safety and stability of the arch frame in real time. This not only improves the installation efficiency of the arch frame but also reduces the occurrence of arch frame deformation problems, thereby improving the safety of roadway support.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pressure-relief type lightweight high-strength arch frame, including a lightweight high-strength arch frame, a pressure-relief connecting cable, an intelligent pressure-relief energy absorption device, and an intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system. The lightweight high-strength arch frame is a segmented structure, with adjacent arch frame segments slidably connected by a pressure-relief connecting cable. An intelligent pressure-relief energy absorption device is provided on the outer side of the upward arch frame at the connection point, and the intelligent pressure-relief energy absorption device abuts against the end of the downward arch frame. At least one intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system is fixedly provided on the inner side of each arch frame segment.

[0009] The intelligent pressure-yielding energy-absorbing device includes a fixed bracket, on the top of which multiple intelligent hydraulic cylinders are fixedly mounted. An external steel plate is fixedly connected to the top of each intelligent hydraulic cylinder. The intelligent hydraulic cylinders actively contract based on the pressure gradient to achieve intelligent pressure yielding.

[0010] The intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system is configured to: collect arch deformation and arch stress monitoring data in real time and transmit them to the ground receiving terminal; the ground receiving terminal determines the safe and stable state of the profiled lightweight high-strength arch based on the monitoring data.

[0011] In a further technical solution, the lightweight high-strength arch frame includes an arch top section, a left arch leg section, and a right arch leg section, which are sequentially connected to form the entire arch frame.

[0012] In a further technical solution, the pressure-reducing connecting cable includes a first cable and a second cable that are embedded in each other.

[0013] In a further technical solution, the first cable includes a first plug-in and a first receiving component nested together, a first fixing steel plate is fixedly provided at the bottom of the first plug-in, and an energy-absorbing elastic steel plate is fixedly provided on one side of the first fixing steel plate.

[0014] In a further technical solution, the first plug-in has downward fixing plates on both sides, each fixing plate having multiple first threaded holes, and the top of the first receiving member has upward fixing plates on both sides, each fixing plate having multiple first threaded holes.

[0015] In a further technical solution, the second cable includes a second plug-in and a second receiving component nested in the upper and lower parts. A second fixing steel plate is fixedly provided at the bottom of the second plug-in, and the second fixing steel plate is opposite to the suspension end of the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate.

[0016] In a further technical solution, the intelligent hydraulic cylinder includes a mechanical execution unit, an intelligent monitoring unit, and a sending unit, wherein the intelligent monitoring unit is connected to the mechanical execution unit and the sending unit respectively.

[0017] In a further technical solution, the intelligent monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor and a control logic chip connected thereto. The control logic chip controls the intelligent hydraulic cylinder to retract a fixed distance whenever the sliding pressure value exceeds a pressure gradient threshold.

[0018] A further technical solution is provided, wherein the intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system includes a housing, which integrates a full-space stress real-time monitoring instrument, a laser locator and an intelligent controller. A reflective steel sheet is installed and fixed on the outside of the housing. The intelligent controller is connected to the full-space stress real-time monitoring instrument and the laser locator respectively, and communicates wirelessly with the ground receiving terminal.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a multi-source dynamic evaluation method, which adopts a yielding lightweight and high-strength arch support, including:

[0020] Clean and measure the installation position in the roadway;

[0021] Install the left arch leg section arch support and the right arch leg section arch support to the preset position, and lift the arch crown section arch support to the arch crown position, so that the arch crown section arch support is closely adjacent to the left arch leg section arch support and the right arch leg section arch support;

[0022] Install yielding connection cables in the overlapping area of the arch crown section arch support, the left arch leg section arch support and the right arch leg section arch support, and connect and fix each section of the arch support through the yielding connection cables;

[0023] Install the intelligent yielding energy-absorbing device on the outer side of the upward arch support at the connection of two sections of the arch support and abut it against the end of the downward arch support;

[0024] Install an intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system at the preset positions of each section of the arch support, and use the intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system to locate the initial positions of the arch crown section arch support, the left arch leg section arch support and the right arch leg section arch support, and monitor the initial surrounding rock pressure;

[0025] Collect the monitoring data of each index in real time and transmit it to the ground receiving terminal. The ground receiving terminal judges the safety and stability state of the yielding lightweight and high-strength arch support according to the monitoring data. If the corresponding index is greater than or equal to the corresponding safety threshold, an alarm notice will be issued.

[0026] The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0027] Through the innovative combination of materials, structures and monitoring technologies, the present invention significantly improves the safety, adaptability and intelligent level of tunnel support. The yielding connection cables improve the energy absorption capacity of the arch support through the energy absorption path of the energy absorption elastic steel plate; the intelligent yielding energy-absorbing device shrinks in a gradient manner to achieve the controllable release of the sliding energy of the arch support, avoiding local deformation of the arch support caused by sudden increase of surrounding rock stress; the intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system sets up all-round data monitoring, which can monitor the strain, stress and displacement data of the arch support in real time, eliminating the traditional monitoring process and the additional installation of monitoring equipment, and the safety threshold can be set in advance to take various safety measures in advance.

[0028] The lightweight and high-strength arch support of the present invention has a "channel" - shaped cross-section, and the cross-section flange is rectangular and is set as a hollow structure, which can reduce the weight of the arch support while ensuring the cross-section strength. At the same time, a segmented arch support structure is designed to reduce the transportation and installation costs.

[0029] The present invention can absorb the energy generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and sets yielding connection cables to avoid the arch support from being distorted and damaged through the contraction between the arch supports. The support effect is good, and it can significantly improve the stability and safety of the arch support structure.

[0030] This invention achieves pressure relief through the coordinated action of an intelligent pressure relief energy absorption device, a lightweight and high-strength arch frame, and a pressure relief connecting cable. The intelligent pressure relief energy absorption device actively responds to the sliding pressure of the arch frame and releases energy through the staged contraction of the intelligent hydraulic cylinder. The pressure relief connecting cable passively absorbs the sliding energy between adjacent arch frame sections, greatly improving the stability of the support.

[0031] This invention collects real-time monitoring data on surrounding rock pressure, arch deformation, arch stress, node slippage, slippage load, and bolt torque, and pre-sets corresponding safety thresholds. Based on the monitoring data and safety thresholds, the overall safety and stability of the arch is monitored, which can promptly detect damage points and carry out timely reinforcement and support, thereby improving the safety of tunnel support. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0033] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the profiled lightweight high-strength arch frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lightweight, high-strength arch frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the lightweight, high-strength arch frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the pressure-relief connecting cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the first cable clamp according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the second cable clamp according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent pressure-absorbing energy device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the intelligent pressure-absorbing energy device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating principle of the intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a monitoring flowchart of the multi-source dynamic evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Among them, 1-lightweight high-strength arch frame, 101-arch top section arch frame, 102-left arch leg section arch frame, 103-right arch leg section arch frame, 2-pressure relief connecting cable, 201-first cable, 202-second cable, 203-first insert, 204-first receiving component, 205-first fixing steel plate, 206-energy-absorbing elastic steel plate, 207-fixing plate, 208-second insert, 209-second receiving component, 210-second fixing steel plate, 3-intelligent pressure relief energy absorption device, 301-fixed bracket, 302-intelligent hydraulic cylinder, 303-external steel plate, 304-stop block, 4-intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system. Detailed Implementation

[0044] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0045] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0046] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figures 1-9 As shown, this embodiment discloses a pressure-relief type lightweight high-strength arch frame 1, including a lightweight high-strength arch frame 1, a pressure-relief connecting cable 2, an intelligent pressure-relief energy absorption device 3, and an intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system 4. The lightweight high-strength arch frame 1 is a segmented structure, and two adjacent arch frame segments are slidably connected by the pressure-relief connecting cable 2. An intelligent pressure-relief energy absorption device 3 is provided on the outer side of the upward arch frame at the connection point, and the intelligent pressure-relief energy absorption device 3 abuts against the end of the downward arch frame. At least one intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system 4 is fixedly installed on the inner side of each arch frame segment.

[0049] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the lightweight and high-strength arch frame 1 is used to form the foundation of the yielding lightweight and high-strength arch frame 1. It is a segmented structure, including the arch crown segment arch frame 101, the left arch leg segment arch frame 102, and the right arch leg segment arch frame 103. The left arch leg segment arch frame 102, the arch crown segment arch frame 101, and the right arch leg segment arch frame 103 are sequentially connected to form the overall arch frame. At the connection of adjacent two segments of the arch frame, the arch frame at the upper end is called the downward arch frame, and the arch frame at the lower end is called the upward arch frame.

[0050] The arch crown segment arch frame 101 is arc-shaped, and its radius of curvature can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific tunnel conditions. The left arch leg segment arch frame 102 and the right arch leg segment arch frame 103 are bent towards each other. When connected, the left arch leg segment arch frame 102 and the right arch leg segment arch frame 103 are respectively placed under both ends of the arch crown segment arch frame 101 and are tightly fixed by the yielding connection cable clamp 2.

[0051] Each segment of the lightweight and high-strength arch frame 1 is made by shearing special high-strength thin steel plates and through the cold rolling and pressing process, finally forming lightweight thin-walled arch frame segments, which reduces the weight of the arch frame. As Figure 3 shown, in terms of structure, the cross-section of the arch frame is in a "channel" shape, the flange of the cross-section of the arch frame is rectangular. When lapping, the arch leg segment arch frame is on the inner side, and the arch crown segment arch frame is on the outer side. The rectangle of the flange of the arch leg segment arch frame overlaps with the rectangle of the flange of the arch crown segment arch frame. In some embodiments, to further reduce the self-weight of the arch frame, the rectangle of the flange of the arch frame is set as a hollow structure. The thin-walled hollow structure can reduce the weight of the arch frame and improve the construction efficiency while ensuring the cross-sectional strength.

[0052] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6As shown, the pressure-relief connecting cable 2 is used to splice multi-segment arch structures into a lightweight high-strength arch frame 1 and absorb the energy of displacement of the lightweight high-strength arch frame 1. The pressure-relief connecting cable 2 includes a first cable 201 and a second cable 202 that are embedded relative to each other. Both the first cable 201 and the second cable 202 are composite structures. The first cable 201 includes a first insert 203 and a first receiving member 204 that are nested vertically. The first insert 203 is T-shaped in general, and a first fixing steel plate 205 is fixedly provided at its bottom. An energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206 is fixedly provided on the side of the first fixing steel plate 205 facing the second cable 202. The first insert 203 has downward fixing plates 207 on both sides, and the lower side of the fixing plate 207 has multiple first threaded holes. The first receiving member 204 is V-shaped in general, and the top two sides of the first receiving member 204 have upward fixing plates 207, and the lower side of the fixing plate 207 has multiple first threaded holes. The second cable 202 includes a first insert 201 and a second cable 202 that are nested vertically. The second insert 208 and the second receiving member 209 are configured together. The second insert 208 is T-shaped, and a second fixing steel plate 210 is fixed at its bottom. The second fixing steel plate 210 is opposite to the suspension end of the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206. When the first cable clamp 201 and the second cable clamp 202 are displaced towards each other due to the surrounding rock pressure, the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206 will contact the second fixing steel plate 210. At the same time, the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206 will bend and absorb the energy of the relative slippage of the two arch sections. The second insert 208 has downward fixing plates 207 on both sides, and the upper side of the fixing plates 207 has multiple second threaded holes. The second receiving member 209 is V-shaped, and the top two sides of the second receiving member 209 have upward fixing plates 207, and the upper side of the fixing plates 207 has multiple second threaded holes.

[0053] Furthermore, the first insert 203 is vertically embedded in the first receiving member 204, and the fixing plates 207 of the two overlap. It is fixed by bolts passing through the first threaded holes on the fixing plates 207, thereby fixing the first cable clamp 201 to the arch frame; the second insert 208 is vertically embedded in the second receiving member 209, and the fixing plates 207 of the two overlap. It is fixed by bolts passing through the second threaded holes on the fixing plates 207, thereby fixing the second cable clamp 202 to the arch frame; the first cable clamp 201 and the second cable clamp 202 fix adjacent sections of the arch frame together to jointly resist the surrounding rock pressure.

[0054] In some embodiments, both the first fixed steel plate 205 and the second fixed steel plate 210 are inverted trapezoidal structures; the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206 is made of a special elastic steel plate.

[0055] In some embodiments, the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206 is fixed by welding.

[0056] Install pressure-relief connecting cable 2 at the connection points of adjacent arch frame sections, namely, at the connection point between the top of the left arch leg section arch frame 102 and the left end of the arch top section arch frame 101, and at the connection point between the right end of the arch top section arch frame 101 and the top of the right arch leg section arch frame 103; press the ends of the two adjacent arch frame sections tightly together, and in the overlapping area, fix the first cable 201 in the overlapping area between the end of the upward arch frame and the arch top section arch frame 101, with the first cable 201 spaced a certain distance from the edge of the end of the upward arch frame, that is, clamp and fix the two arch frame sections tightly in the upper part of the overlapping area; fix the second cable 202 in the overlapping area between the end of the downward arch frame and the left arch leg section arch frame 102 or the right arch leg section arch frame 103, with the second cable 202 spaced a certain distance from the edge of the end of the downward arch frame, that is, clamp and fix the two arch frame sections tightly in the lower part of the overlapping area. When the surrounding rock pressure causes two adjacent arch sections to slide towards each other, the distance between the first cable clamp 201 and the second cable clamp 202 decreases, and they move towards each other. Under the obstruction of the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206, the first cable clamp 201 and the second cable clamp 202 prevent the two adjacent arch sections from sliding towards each other.

[0057] Through the above technical solution, the first cable clamp 201 and the second cable clamp 202 are symmetrically fitted to ensure uniform bidirectional force. They are fixed to the overlapping areas of adjacent arch frames by bolts, forming a sliding flexible connection. The pressure-connecting cable clamp 2 utilizes the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206 for elastic energy absorption. When the distance between the first cable clamp 201 and the second cable clamp 202 decreases, the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206 contacts the second fixed steel plate 210 and bends and deforms, absorbing impact energy through elastic deformation. The first cable clamp 201 is provided with a first fixed steel plate 205 for welding the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206, realizing a reliable connection between the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206 and the first cable clamp 201.

[0058] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the intelligent pressure-absorbing device 3 is used to absorb the sliding energy at the connection between two adjacent arch segments, preventing the two adjacent arch segments from sliding towards each other. The intelligent pressure-absorbing device 3 includes a fixed bracket 301, intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302, and an external steel plate 303. Multiple intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302 are fixedly mounted on the top of the fixed bracket 301, and the tops of the intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302 are fixedly connected to the external steel plate 303.

[0059] Multiple blocks 304 are arranged parallel to each other on the outer wall of the ascending arch frame. The intelligent pressure-absorbing device 3 is fixed above the blocks 304 and placed between the blocks 304 and the end of the descending arch frame to absorb the sliding energy at the connection between two adjacent arch frame sections. The blocks are welded to the arch frame wall to provide fixed support for the intelligent pressure-absorbing device 3.

[0060] The fixed support 301 has a trapezoidal plate structure. Multiple intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302 are installed at the top of the fixed support 301. These cylinders are located between the fixed support 301 and the outer steel plate 303, serving to transmit pressure and absorb energy. The outer steel plate 303 abuts against the end of the descending arch, bearing the pressure at the end of the descending arch. It also has a trapezoidal plate structure, adapted to the fixed support 301, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the top of all the intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302. The lifting and lowering of the intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302 drives the lifting and lowering of the outer steel plate 303. The outer steel plate 303 directly contacts the end of the descending arch, preventing deformation of the arch.

[0061] In some implementations, three intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302 are provided, positioned in a triangular arrangement.

[0062] The intelligent hydraulic cylinder 302 includes a mechanical execution unit, an intelligent monitoring unit, and a transmitting unit. The mechanical execution unit includes a cylinder body, a piston, a hydraulic rod, and a proportional control valve. The sealed cylinder body contains hydraulic oil, and the piston inside the cylinder body is connected to the hydraulic rod. The piston's extension and retraction are driven by the flow of hydraulic oil. The proportional control valve regulates the flow and direction of the hydraulic oil to control the piston displacement. The intelligent monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor and a control logic chip connected to it. The pressure sensor is embedded inside the hydraulic rod to monitor the axial pressure of the hydraulic rod in real time and transmit it to the control logic chip. The transmitting unit is a wireless transmission module connected to the control logic chip.

[0063] Furthermore, the control logic chip is connected to the pressure sensor, proportional control valve, and wireless transmission module. The control logic chip pre-sets the initial support force of the hydraulic cylinder. And set the pressure gradient threshold according to the specific arch slip conditions. Whenever the sliding pressure exceeds a pressure gradient threshold, the hydraulic cylinder retracts by the same fixed distance. .

[0064] After the intelligent pressure-absorbing energy device 3 is installed along with the arch frame, the control logic chip controls the proportional control valve according to the initial support force, pushing the piston to extend and applying a preset initial support force to the end of the descending arch frame; the pressure sensor monitors the axial pressure of the hydraulic rod in real time and sends it to the control logic chip, which then calculates the current pressure value based on the axial pressure. The current pressure value With pressure gradient threshold Perform a comparison and judgment, if ( If the number of triggered gradients is reached, a contraction command is generated and sent to the proportional control valve; upon receiving the contraction command, the proportional control valve controls the piston to retract a fixed distance. This releases the arch frame sliding pressure. Simultaneously, the control logic chip transmits the arch frame sliding pressure value to the ground receiving terminal via a wireless transmission module in real time, recording the specific deformation of the arch frame until the pressure relief function is completed. The pressure relief function is completed when the pressure relief distance (the retraction distance of the intelligent hydraulic cylinder 302) reaches the set limit distance of the hydraulic rod, and the intelligent pressure relief energy absorption device 3 completes its work.

[0065] In some implementations, the wireless transmission module can be a LoRa, Wi-Fi, or 5G module, and the control logic chip can be implemented using a microcontroller, such as an STM32 series chip. The choice can be flexible depending on the specific circumstances, and this embodiment does not impose any specific limitations.

[0066] Through the above technical solution, the external steel plate 303 of the intelligent pressure-relieving energy-absorbing device 3 directly contacts the end of the descending arch frame, evenly distributing the load to multiple intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302, and achieving precise pressure relief in stages through the intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302. The intelligent pressure-relieving energy-absorbing device 3 converts the deformation energy of the arch frame into controllable mechanical displacement through the gradual contraction of the intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302, avoiding local deformation and bending of the arch frame.

[0067] This invention utilizes a pressure-yielding lightweight high-strength arch frame 1, which, in collaboration with an intelligent pressure-yielding energy-absorbing device 3, the lightweight high-strength arch frame 1, and the pressure-yielding connecting cable 2, achieves pressure yielding, preventing local deformation of the arch frame. Adjacent sections of the lightweight high-strength arch frame 1 passively slide towards each other, causing the first cable 201 and the second cable 202 of the pressure-yielding connecting cable 2 to passively shift towards each other. The energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206 absorbs the energy from the relative sliding of the segmented arch frames through bending deformation. Furthermore, the intelligent pressure-yielding energy-absorbing device 3 actively yields pressure based on the real-time arch frame sliding pressure value until stable pressure yielding is achieved. The active, graded pressure yielding of the intelligent pressure-yielding energy-absorbing device 3 and the passive energy absorption of the pressure-yielding connecting cable 2 form a double insurance, and their synergy greatly improves the safety, adaptability, and intelligence level of the tunnel support structure.

[0068] In this embodiment, the intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system 4 is used to monitor the displacement (deformation) of each arch frame segment and the strain at the location, and to monitor the stress at the location of each arch frame segment.

[0069] The intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system 4 includes a system shell, which integrates a full-space stress real-time monitoring instrument, a laser locator, and an intelligent controller. A reflective steel sheet is installed and fixed on the outside of the shell. The intelligent controller is connected to the full-space stress real-time monitoring instrument and the laser locator, and communicates wirelessly with the ground receiving terminal.

[0070] The full-space stress real-time monitoring instrument is used to monitor the strain value on the surface of the arch frame and transmit the monitoring data to the intelligent controller; the laser locator is used to emit laser and determine the angle and distance based on the reflected laser from the reflective steel plate to locate and measure the displacement of each section of the arch frame; the reflective steel plate is used to reflect the laser emitted by the laser locator to distinguish the laser emitted by the laser locator reflected by the arch frame, avoid interference from natural reflection, and improve positioning accuracy; the intelligent controller is used to receive the data collected by the full-space stress real-time monitoring instrument and the laser locator and send it to the ground receiving terminal. The ground receiving terminal receives the monitoring data sent by each intelligent controller and determines whether the support of the profiled lightweight high-strength arch frame is in a safe state based on the monitoring data.

[0071] The full-space real-time stress monitoring instrument monitors the strain value of the arch frame surface in real time and automatically calculates the stress value of the arch frame surface. Based on the monitoring data and calculation data, a strain-stress database is established, which can be used as a subsequent evaluation standard. The establishment of the strain-stress database requires multiple sets of comparative tests of the same specifications to be conducted indoors. In the test, the arch frame 101 at the top of the arch is taken, and the intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system 4 is attached to the lower part of the arch frame. The surrounding rock is simulated to apply a progressive load to the arch frame, and the average strain value of all sensitive feature points on the full-space real-time stress monitoring instrument is recorded. Then, the stress value of the current part is measured by the stress laboratory to establish the strain-stress database.

[0072] Furthermore, the corresponding stress value is calculated based on the strain value, and the calculation formula is expressed as:

[0073]

[0074] in, Indicates stress, Indicates the elastic modulus. Indicates strain, This represents the yield stress. In this embodiment, the yield stress is set to 0.7, but it can be flexibly set according to specific circumstances and is not specifically limited.

[0075] like Figure 9 As shown, the intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system 4 with laser locator is evenly installed on the inner side of the lightweight high-strength arch frame 1. It is fixedly installed in the middle of the arch frame 101 at the top of the arch, the middle and bottom of the arch frame 102 at the left arch leg, and the middle and bottom of the arch frame 103 at the right arch leg. The intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring systems 4 are named A, B, D, C, and E in sequence. Among them, the laser locator of the intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system 4 at D and E plays the main role.

[0076] Furthermore, the specific working principle of the laser locators at various locations for measuring the exact position and displacement of each arch segment is as follows: First, the laser locators at points D and E emit lasers to each other to determine the length of the DE segment of the arch; second, the laser locators at points D and E then emit lasers to points A, B, and C respectively, recording the distances between DA, DB, DC, EA, EB, and EC, and determining the relevant angles between points A, B, and C and points D and E respectively; finally, the laser locators calculate the exact position and displacement of each arch segment based on the distances and relevant angle data of DE, DA, DB, DC, EA, EB, and EC, and send the specific position and displacement data to the intelligent controller.

[0077] The intelligent controller summarizes the strain values ​​and calculated stress values ​​sent by the full-space stress real-time monitoring instrument and the displacement data sent by the laser locator. Each intelligent controller sends the summarized monitoring data to the ground receiving terminal. The ground receiving terminal determines whether the displacement of the arch frame relative to its original position exceeds the maximum displacement value (deformation safety threshold) based on the acquired monitoring data. If it exceeds the maximum displacement value (deformation safety threshold), an alarm notification is issued. The controller also determines whether the stress value of the arch frame exceeds the stress safety threshold. If it exceeds the stress safety threshold, an alarm notification is issued. Based on the alarm notification, repairs and arch frame support are carried out again.

[0078] Through the above technical solution, the intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system 4 can obtain the surface strain, stress and displacement values ​​of the arch frame in real time. When the displacement and stress values ​​of the arch frame exceed the safety threshold, an alarm notification is immediately issued, which replaces the traditional manual inspection, reduces the monitoring cost, and can reduce the probability of accidents such as collapse and support failure through early alarm.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] This embodiment discloses a multi-source dynamic evaluation method, which uses a pressure-reducing lightweight high-strength arch frame 1, including:

[0081] The multi-source dynamic evaluation method of this embodiment is used for field application evaluation to monitor the arch deformation, arch stress, and surrounding rock pressure to determine the safety status of the arch. In the multi-source dynamic evaluation method, the multiple sources include the mutual sliding between adjacent arch ends in the lightweight high-strength arch 1, the pressure relief of the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate 206 in the pressure relief connecting cable 2, and the pressure relief of the intelligent pressure relief energy-absorbing device 3. The dynamic evaluation involves dynamically monitoring the strain, stress, and displacement of each arch segment through the intelligent sensitive real-time monitoring system 4 to determine whether the safety threshold has been exceeded. Furthermore, a full-process evaluation is adopted, with real-time monitoring and evaluation.

[0082] S1: Clean and measure the installation location within the tunnel;

[0083] In this embodiment, after the tunnel (tunnel) construction is completed, the installation location of the profiled lightweight high-strength arch frame 1 is cleaned and measured. Specifically, the construction surface is cleaned to ensure that the installation base surface of the profiled lightweight high-strength arch frame 1 is flat; a three-dimensional laser scanner is used to obtain tunnel cross-sectional data and mark the key points of the arch crown and arch legs.

[0084] S2: Install the left arch leg section arch frame 102 and the right arch leg section arch frame 103 to the preset position, and lift the arch top section arch frame 101 to the arch top position so that the arch top section arch frame 101 is in close contact with the left arch leg section arch frame 102 and the right arch leg section arch frame 103.

[0085] In this embodiment, a hydraulic jack assembly is used to synchronously lift the arch frame 101 of the arch top section to the designed height, and an adjustable support rod is used for temporary fixation to prevent displacement.

[0086] A laser pointer was used to assist in adjusting the inclination angles of the left arch leg section arch frame 102 and the right arch leg section arch frame 103 to correspond with the design drawings, and space was reserved for the installation of the pressure relief connection cable 2.

[0087] S3: Install pressure-relief connecting cable 2 in the overlapping area of ​​the arch frame 101 at the top of the arch, the arch frame 102 on the left arch leg, and the arch frame 103 on the right arch leg, and connect and fix each arch frame segment through the pressure-relief connecting cable 2.

[0088] In this embodiment, the first cable clamp 201 clamps and fixes the two arch frames at the upper part of the overlapping area, and the second cable clamp 202 clamps and fixes the two arch frames at the lower part of the overlapping area, and the two arch frames are screwed and fixed through the first threaded hole of the first cable clamp 201 and the second threaded hole of the second cable clamp 202.

[0089] S4: Install the intelligent pressure-absorbing energy device 3 to the outside of the upper arch frame at the connection of the two arch frames and abut against the end of the lower arch frame;

[0090] In this embodiment, an intelligent pressure-absorbing device 3 is installed on the upper arch frame at the connection between the left arch leg section arch frame 102 and the arch top section arch frame 101, and on the upper arch frame at the connection between the right arch leg section arch frame 103 and the arch top section arch frame 101.

[0091] Commands are sent from the ground receiving terminal to the control logic chip of the intelligent pressure-absorbing energy device 3. The control logic chip controls the proportional control valve according to the initial support force, and the initial support force is calibrated by feedback from the pressure sensor. Intelligent hydraulic cylinders 302 are installed on the left arch leg section arch frame 102 and the right arch leg section arch frame 103 and are simultaneously activated to the set initial support force.

[0092] S5: Install intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system 4 at the preset positions of each arch frame section, use intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system 4 to locate the initial positions of the arch frame 101 at the top of the arch, the arch frame 102 at the left arch leg section and the arch frame 103 at the right arch leg section, and monitor the initial surrounding rock pressure.

[0093] In this embodiment, intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring systems 4 are deployed at points A, B, C, D, and E respectively, and the initial position and surrounding rock pressure at each point are recorded as a reference for deformation and displacement.

[0094] S6: Real-time collection of monitoring data for various indicators and transmission to the ground receiving terminal. The ground receiving terminal determines the safety and stability status of the profiled lightweight high-strength arch frame 1 based on the monitoring data. If the corresponding indicator is greater than or equal to the corresponding safety threshold, an alarm notification is issued. Indicators include surrounding rock pressure, arch frame deformation, arch frame stress, node slippage, slippage load, and bolt torque. If any indicator is greater than or equal to the safety threshold, an alarm notification is issued, and on-site reinforcement support is carried out. If all indicators are within the safety threshold, the overall safety and stability evaluation continues.

[0095] In this embodiment, as Figure 10 As shown, the multi-source dynamic evaluation method includes two monitoring components: arch deformation and stress monitoring, and arch yielding and slippage monitoring. Arch deformation and stress monitoring includes total surrounding rock pressure. Arch deformation (include , , ), arch stress Three indicators, including arch frame pressure slip monitoring, include nodal slip amount. Slip load Bolt torque Three indicators.

[0096] Multiple pressure gauges are evenly spaced on the outer periphery of the profiled lightweight high-strength arch frame 1 to collect the surrounding rock pressure at various points on the arch frame in real time and transmit it to the ground receiving terminal. The ground receiving terminal adds up the surrounding rock pressure collected by all pressure gauges to obtain the total surrounding rock pressure of the arch frame, and then compares the total surrounding rock pressure with a preset surrounding rock pressure safety threshold. The comparison is performed to determine whether it is within the safety threshold.

[0097] Using the two intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring systems 4 at points D and E as reference points, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established. The baseline is determined by the initial distance between D and E. Combined with the distances and angles between DA, DB, DC, EA, EB, and EC measured by the laser locator, the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point (A, B, C) are calculated using triangulation. The real-time coordinates are compared with the initial coordinates to calculate the displacement (deformation) of each arch segment, i.e., the displacement of the arch top segment. Displacement of the left arch leg section Displacement of the right arch leg section Based on the deformation limits of the arch frame material and engineering specifications, a pre-set deformation safety threshold for each section of the arch frame is established. That is, the safe threshold for deformation of the arch frame at the top of the arch. Safety threshold for deformation of the left arch leg section Safety threshold for deformation of the right arch leg section The system compares the displacement of monitoring points with a preset deformation safety threshold; if the threshold is exceeded, an alarm is issued. A real-time stress monitoring instrument monitors the strain values ​​on the surface of each arch segment in real time and automatically calculates the stress on the surface of each arch segment. Pre-set the stress safety threshold for each arch segment. The stress on the surface of each arch segment is compared with the stress safety threshold. The system compares the stress levels and if the stress level is greater than or equal to the stress safety threshold, an alarm is issued.

[0098] The amount of hydraulic rod retraction of the intelligent hydraulic cylinder 302 in the intelligent pressure-absorbing device 3 is taken as the sliding amount of the node (the connection between the two arch sections). And pre-set node sliding safety threshold. The pressure collected by the pressure sensor in the intelligent monitoring unit of the intelligent hydraulic cylinder 302 is used as the sliding load. And pre-set the sliding load safety threshold. On each pressure-relief connecting cable 2, the fixing plate 207 of the first cable 201 is fixed to the first plug 203 and the first receiving member 204 by bolts. A torque sensor is fixed on the bolt to collect the bolt torque. The data is then transmitted to the ground receiving terminal, where a bolt torque safety threshold is also pre-set. .

[0099] If any of the monitored parameters, such as surrounding rock pressure, arch deformation, arch stress, node slippage, slippage load, or bolt torque, exceeds the safety threshold, an alarm will be issued and on-site reinforcement will be carried out. If all parameters are within the safety threshold, the overall safety and stability evaluation will continue.

[0100] The arch frame will deform due to surrounding rock pressure, arch frame stress, node slippage, slippage load, and bolt torque. Each influencing factor has a weighted coefficient, namely the surrounding rock pressure weighted coefficient. Stress weighting coefficient of steel Node slip weighting coefficient Slip load weighting factor Bolt torque weighting coefficient This represents the degree of influence of each factor on the deformation of each arch segment. Under all influencing factors, the expected deformation of each arch segment is greater than or equal to the deformation safety threshold. If the deformation is within the expected range, an alarm will be issued and reinforcement support will be provided on-site. If the deformation is within the expected range, it proves that the arch frame is in a safe and stable state.

[0101] Expected deformation The calculation is as follows:

[0102] ,

[0103]

[0104] in, For deformation under stress, This is due to slip deformation.

[0105] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0106] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A profiled lightweight high-strength arch frame, characterized in that, The system includes a lightweight high-strength arch frame, a pressure-relief connecting cable, an intelligent pressure-relief energy absorption device, and an intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system. The lightweight high-strength arch frame is a segmented structure, with adjacent arch frame segments slidably connected by pressure-relief connecting cables. An intelligent pressure-relief energy absorption device is installed on the outer side of the upward arch frame at the connection point, and the intelligent pressure-relief energy absorption device abuts against the end of the downward arch frame. At least one intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system is fixedly installed on the inner side of each arch frame segment. The pressure-relief connecting cable includes a first cable and a second cable that are embedded in each other; the first cable includes a first insert and a first receiving member that are nested vertically, a first fixing steel plate is fixedly provided at the bottom of the first insert, and an energy-absorbing elastic steel plate is fixedly provided on one side of the first fixing steel plate; the second cable includes a second insert and a second receiving member that are nested vertically, a second fixing steel plate is fixedly provided at the bottom of the second insert, and the second fixing steel plate is opposite to the suspension end of the energy-absorbing elastic steel plate; The intelligent pressure-yielding energy-absorbing device includes a fixed bracket, on the top of which multiple intelligent hydraulic cylinders are fixedly mounted. An external steel plate is fixedly connected to the top of each intelligent hydraulic cylinder. The intelligent hydraulic cylinders actively contract based on the pressure gradient to achieve intelligent pressure yielding. The intelligent hydraulic cylinder includes a mechanical execution unit, an intelligent monitoring unit, and a sending unit, wherein the intelligent monitoring unit is connected to the mechanical execution unit and the sending unit respectively. The intelligent monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor and a control logic chip connected to it. Whenever the sliding pressure value exceeds a pressure gradient threshold, the control logic chip controls the intelligent hydraulic cylinder to retract a fixed distance to achieve intelligent pressure relief. The intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system includes a shell, which integrates a full-space stress real-time monitor, a laser locator, and an intelligent controller. A reflective steel sheet is installed and fixed on the outside of the shell. The intelligent controller is connected to the full-space stress real-time monitor and the laser locator respectively, and communicates wirelessly with the ground receiving terminal. Intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring systems are deployed at various points along the arch frame. A three-dimensional coordinate system is established using the intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring systems at the lower ends of the left and right arch leg sections as reference points. The baseline is determined by the initial distance between the reference points. Combined with the distances and angles between each pair of intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring systems measured by the laser locator, the real-time three-dimensional coordinates of each intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system, excluding the reference points, are calculated using triangulation. The real-time three-dimensional coordinates are compared with the initial coordinates to calculate the displacements of the arch frame at the top, left, and right arch legs. These displacements are then compared with the deformation safety thresholds for the arch frame at the top, left, and right arch legs, respectively. If the displacements exceed these thresholds, an alarm is issued. The intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring system is configured to: collect arch deformation and arch stress monitoring data in real time and transmit them to the ground receiving terminal; the ground receiving terminal determines the safe and stable state of the profiled lightweight high-strength arch based on the monitoring data.

2. The lightweight, high-strength arch frame with compression molding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lightweight, high-strength arch frame includes an arch top section, a left arch leg section, and a right arch leg section, which are sequentially connected to form the entire arch frame.

3. The lightweight, high-strength arch frame with compression molding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first plug-in has downward fixing plates on both sides, each fixing plate having multiple first threaded holes. The first receiving component has upward fixing plates on both sides of its top, each fixing plate having multiple first threaded holes.

4. A multi-source dynamic evaluation method, employing the pressure-relief type lightweight high-strength arch frame as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that... include: The installation location within the tunnel was cleaned and measured; Install the left and right arch leg sections of the arch frame into the preset positions, and lift the arch crown section to the arch crown position so that the arch crown section is in close contact with the left and right arch leg sections of the arch frame. Install pressure-relief connecting cables in the overlapping areas of the arch frame at the top of the arch, the left arch leg, and the right arch leg, and connect and fix each arch frame segment through the pressure-relief connecting cables. Install the intelligent pressure-absorbing device on the outside of the upper arch at the connection between the two arch sections and abut it against the end of the lower arch. Intelligent and sensitive real-time monitoring systems are installed at preset positions in each arch frame section. The initial positions of the arch frame at the top, left and right arch legs are located using these systems, and the initial surrounding rock pressure is monitored. The system collects monitoring data for each indicator in real time and transmits it to the ground receiving terminal. The ground receiving terminal judges the safety and stability status of the pressure-type lightweight high-strength arch frame based on the monitoring data. If the corresponding indicator is greater than or equal to the corresponding safety threshold, an alarm notification is issued.

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