Naked-eye 3D display device capable of switching display modes and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a naked eye 3D display device capable of switching display modes and electronic equipment. The device comprises a front substrate, a 3D electrode layer, a cylindrical lens structure, a liquid crystal layer, an alignment film layer, a back substrate, an isolation film layer, a backlight electrode layer and a backlight module. On one hand, the backlight display module is subjected to electrode blocking through the isolation film layer to be integrated and internally arranged, the thickness of the whole display device is reduced, and the substrate does not need to be thinned to overcome the limitation of the whole thickness; on the other hand, crosstalk is effectively inhibited optically, the image quality is improved, more backlight can be effectively utilized on the basis of reducing unnecessary light scattering and absorption loss, and therefore the brightness and contrast ratio of the whole screen are expected to be improved, and the image quality is improved. Meanwhile, lower crosstalk and higher contrast are directly converted into better stereoscopic vision immersion, visual fatigue possibly caused by long-time watching is relieved, in addition, the manufacturing process is simplified, and the product yield is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of 3D display technology, specifically relating to a naked-eye 3D display device with switchable display modes, and also to an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, naked-eye 3D technologies based on flat panel displays are divided into light barrier technology (parallax barrier), lenticular lens technology, and directional light source technology. Among them, light barrier technology mainly involves placing a precision light-blocking layer (parallax barrier) in front of the screen to block some of the light from the left and right eyes, allowing the left and right eyes to see different images. Lens technology mainly involves covering the screen with a microlens array, using the principle of lens refraction to guide light from different directions to the left and right eyes. Directional light source technology mainly uses a special backlight module (such as two sets of LEDs) in conjunction with a high-speed LCD screen to quickly and alternately provide directional light to the left and right eyes.

[0003] However, when choosing lenticular lens technology to achieve switchable 2D and 3D image display, a combination of a 3D liquid crystal cell with a semi-cylindrical lens array and a backlight display module is required. Therefore, the following technical drawbacks exist in practical use: 1) After the 3D LCD cell and the backlight display module are bonded together, the thickness of the entire display device increases. If the actual operation is limited by the thickness, the glass substrate can only be thinned. Not only is the process complicated and cumbersome, but it is also impossible to achieve a thinner display in essence. At the same time, two components must be bonded together for assembly. 2) In cylindrical lens technology, the alignment film is integrated on the surface of the cylindrical lens structure to form an alignment film groove. However, when the alignment liquid is applied to the curved surface (especially the concave surface) of the cylindrical lens, the liquid tends to accumulate in the grooves or depressions between the lenses due to its fluidity. This will result in uneven thickness of the alignment film formed after baking and curing. This unevenness will change the preset optical path and scatter the light, resulting in a decrease in the 3D display effect. Specifically, it will manifest as increased crosstalk (unclear separation of left and right eye images) and reduced viewer comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an improved naked-eye 3D display device with switchable display modes.

[0005] In addition, the present invention also relates to an electronic device.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following solution: A glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes includes a front substrate, a 3D electrode layer, a lenticular lens structure, a liquid crystal layer, an alignment film layer, and a back substrate. Specifically, the 3D electrode layer includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer is formed on the front substrate, the lenticular lens structure is formed on the first electrode layer, the alignment film layer is deposited on the second electrode layer, and the liquid crystal layer fills the space between the lenticular lens structure and the alignment film layer. The glasses-free 3D display device also includes an insulating film layer, a backlight electrode layer, and a backlight module, wherein the backlight electrode layer includes a first backlight electrode layer and a second backlight electrode layer, the backlight module is located between the first and second backlight electrode layers, the insulating film layer insulates and separates the second electrode layer from the first backlight electrode layer, and the second backlight electrode layer is formed on the back substrate.

[0007] Preferably, the cylindrical lens structure includes multiple cylindrical lenses arranged side-by-side and aligned, wherein the bottom of each cylindrical lens forms a continuous wavy cylindrical mirror surface, and the liquid crystal layer fills the space between the cylindrical mirror surface and the front surface of the alignment film layer. Separating the cylindrical mirror surface and the alignment film layer from each other not only solves the problem of uneven alignment film groove formation but also facilitates the forming and processing of the structure.

[0008] Furthermore, each cylindrical lens has a U-shaped cross-section, with each pair of adjacent U-shapes joined together from the vertical section. The wavy cylindrical lens surface is formed by the bottom of each U-shape. The beam splitting formed by the bottom of the U-shape is more conducive to naked-eye 3D display. At the same time, the wavy cylindrical lens itself is an optical element. In 3D display mode, it is responsible for guiding light in different directions, directly integrating the alignment function into the lens surface. This makes the optical path design more efficient, helps to improve the crosstalk level of 3D mode and the response efficiency of 2D / 3D switching, and integrates the optical function (lens) and liquid crystal driving function (alignment) into the physical structure. It also directly and powerfully controls the behavior of liquid crystal molecules through the precise curved surface shape.

[0009] According to a specific embodiment and preferred aspect of the present invention, the front side of the alignment film layer has a nanoscale wavy interface, and the wavy extension direction of the interface is the same as the direction of the parallel arrangement of the cylindrical lenses; the back side of the alignment film layer is flat. The wavy continuous curved surface provides a larger and more directional contact area for the liquid crystal molecules, making the initial alignment (pretilt angle) of the liquid crystal molecules more accurate and stable, while also benefiting the alignment of the liquid crystals, making alignment easier, and improving the alignment force of the liquid crystals.

[0010] According to another specific embodiment and preferred aspect of the present invention, the front side of the alignment film layer has a nanoscale wavy interface, and the wavy extension direction of the wavy interface is the same as the parallel direction of the cylindrical lens; the back side of the alignment film layer also has the same nanoscale wavy interface. The wavy continuous curved surface provides a larger and more directional contact area for the liquid crystal molecules, making the initial alignment (pretilt angle) of the liquid crystal molecules more accurate and stable. At the same time, the wavy support structure can enhance mechanical strength and suppress substrate bending deformation.

[0011] Preferably, the front side of the barrier film is parallel to the front side of the alignment film, and the second electrode layer, of uniform thickness, is formed between the wavy interface of the alignment film and the barrier film. This avoids uneven thickness of the second electrode layer from affecting the display uniformity, image quality, and long-term reliability of the OLED display device.

[0012] Furthermore, the back of the insulating film is flat, and the backlight electrode layer is attached. In other words, by placing the wavy surface near the lenticular lens, it optimizes viewing angle and uniformity (the wavy structure scatters light, helping to eliminate brightness unevenness caused by the periodic structure of pixels and the lenticular lens, effectively expanding the viewing angle so you can see a stable, color-consistent image even when you're off-center from the screen) before the light exits the screen. It also suppresses moiré patterns (the precisely designed microstructure of the wavy surface disrupts the periodicity that can cause optical interference, effectively suppressing unsightly moiré patterns, i.e., a water ripple-like interference pattern), improving visual clarity. Simply put, the wavy surface primarily pre-processes the light; while the wavy surface near the lenticular lens plays the role of final optimization, directly serving the 3D viewing experience.

[0013] In some specific implementations, the functional form of the wave interface is: z(x) = A*sin(2πx / λ+θ), where z(x) represents the vertical height of the interface at the horizontal position x, A represents the wave amplitude, which is half the height from the crest to the trough, used to reflect the degree of surface undulation, and its value ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 µm; λ represents the wavelength, which is the length of a complete wave cycle, determining the wave density, and its value ranges from 1.0 to 10.0 µm; θ represents the phase, used to determine the starting position of the wave, and its radian value ranges from 0 to 2π.

[0014] Here, for wave interfaces with different structures, such as the wave interface of the insulating film layer, its main function is to benefit the alignment of liquid crystals, making alignment easier and improving the alignment force of liquid crystals; while the wave surface of the insulating layer needs to be analyzed by finite element method to simulate a series of complex behaviors such as light propagation, scattering, and interference, and the parameters are repeatedly adjusted until the optimal balance is achieved in multiple indicators such as brightness, viewing angle, contrast, and color uniformity.

[0015] Specifically, regarding the wavy surface of the insulating layer, the amplitude of the wave can be understood as the height of the wave. The larger the amplitude, the more significant the undulations on the surface of the insulating layer. When light from the organic backlight module (OLED) passes through, this undulation will produce a stronger scattering effect on the light, dispersing the originally concentrated light into a wider angular range. This is a key technology for achieving ultra-wide viewing angles (e.g., reaching 170°). At the same time, the amplitude A in the formula directly determines the intensity distribution of the scattered light; the wavelength of the wave represents the length of a complete cycle. Meanwhile, in the field of naked-eye 3D displays, densely arranged pixels and touch sensor electrodes form periodic microstructures. These structures may produce optical interference, leading to undesirable visual effects such as moiré patterns. That is, by adjusting the wavelength of the wavy surface of the insulating layer (e.g., matching it to the pixel cycle or having a specific non-integer relationship), this interference condition can be effectively disrupted, thereby suppressing moiré patterns and improving the uniformity and purity of the displayed image.

[0016] Furthermore, the value of A ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 µm. The amplitude of the fundamental wave mainly controls the light scattering angle; the larger the amplitude, the more dispersed the emitted light and the wider the viewing angle. The value of λ ranges from 1.0 to 10.0 µm. It determines the density of the optical structure; the smaller the wavelength, the better the effect of suppressing moiré patterns. The radian value of θ ranges from 0 to 2π. It adjusts the starting position of the wave morphology to optimize the superposition effect of multiple periodic structures.

[0017] According to another specific embodiment and preferred aspect of the present invention, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are in the form of a full-surface electrode or an array of blocks. In short, depending on the application scenario requirements, the 3D electrode layer of this device can be designed as a full-surface electrode (e.g., a full-surface ITO film) or can adopt various array block modes of thin-film transistors (TFTs).

[0018] Preferably, the array block format includes single column with multiple rows (number of rows ≥ 2), single row with multiple columns (number of columns ≥ 2), and multiple rows with multiple columns (number of rows and number of columns both ≥ 2).

[0019] Furthermore, the array-based transistor materials include amorphous silicon thin-film transistors, polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors, organic thin-film transistors, and oxide thin-film transistors. This balances performance, cost, and stability to meet the specific needs of different circuit modules.

[0020] Preferably, the back substrate and the front substrate have the same thickness and are made of transparent glass or plastic.

[0021] Furthermore, the thickness of the insulating film is less than the thickness of the back substrate. The selection of insulating layer materials is not limited to insulating materials such as PI (polyimide). It not only isolates the electron penetration and mutual electric field interaction between the 3D electrode layer and the OLED electrode layer, but also provides the necessary conditions for a thinner and lighter structure.

[0022] Furthermore, the backlight electrode layer is an OLED electrode layer, and the backlight module includes a hole transport layer, an OLED emissive layer, and an electron transport layer. OLED light emission is not achieved by a single layer of material, but rather by the collaborative efforts of multiple organic thin film layers, including the hole transport layer (HTL), the emissive layer (EML), and the electron transport layer (ETL). The hole transport layer (HTL), located near the anode, is primarily responsible for efficiently receiving holes from the anode and transporting them to the emissive layer. The HTL material needs to possess excellent hole transport capability and stability. The emissive layer (EML) is the core functional area, where electrons and holes meet and "combine" to emit light. To improve luminous efficiency and color purity, a technique of doping the host material with a small amount of highly efficient fluorescent or phosphorescent dyes is often employed. The electron transport layer (ETL), located near the cathode, is responsible for receiving electrons from the cathode and transporting them to the emissive layer.

[0023] Another technical solution of the present invention is: an electronic device comprising the above-mentioned switchable display mode naked-eye 3D display device, a driver chip, and a naked-eye 3D image driving circuit module, wherein the driver chip is connected to the 3D electrode layer and the backlight electrode layer respectively, and performs naked-eye 3D display with switchable display mode based on receiving signals from the naked-eye 3D image driving circuit module via wired or wireless means.

[0024] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: In existing glasses-free 3D displays, the thickness of the entire display device increases after the 3D liquid crystal cell and backlight display module are bonded together. If thickness limitations exist in practical operation, the glass substrate must be thinned, which is not only complex and cumbersome but also fundamentally fails to achieve a thinner display. Furthermore, two components must be bonded and assembled. In addition, in lenticular lens technology, the alignment film is integrated onto the surface of the lenticular lens structure to form an alignment film groove. However, when applying the alignment liquid to the curved surface (especially the concave surface) of the lenticular lens, the liquid's fluidity easily leads to accumulation in the grooves or depressions between the lenses. This results in uneven thickness of the alignment film after baking and curing. This unevenness alters the preset light path, scattering light and degrading the 3D display effect, specifically manifested as increased crosstalk (indistinct separation of left and right eye images) and reduced viewer comfort. This invention, based on a glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes, cleverly solves the shortcomings and defects of existing technologies. With this glasses-free 3D display device, the backlight electrode... The backlight is formed by the layer and the backlight module, and then combined with the lens, the light from the corresponding set of pixels below is refracted in different directions, thereby providing different images for the left and right eyes and realizing naked-eye 3D display. At the same time, based on the dynamic changes of liquid crystal molecules, the switching between 2D and 3D states is realized. Therefore, on the one hand, the backlight display module is integrated and built-in by using an insulating film layer for electrode isolation, which not only reduces the thickness of the entire display device, but also eliminates the need for substrate thinning to overcome the overall thickness limitation. On the other hand, there is no need to form alignment film grooves on the surface of the lenticular lens structure. Instead, the liquid crystal layer is controlled between the lenticular lens structure and the alignment film layer, which not only effectively suppresses crosstalk and improves image quality optically, but also, based on reducing unnecessary light scattering and absorption losses, allows more backlight to be effectively utilized, thereby potentially improving the overall screen brightness and contrast. At the same time, lower crosstalk and higher contrast directly translate into a better stereoscopic visual immersion, reducing visual fatigue that may be caused by prolonged viewing. In addition, the manufacturing process is simplified and the product yield is significantly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device in Example 1; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a glasses-free 3D display device; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device in Example 2; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a glasses-free 3D display device; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device in Example 3; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a glasses-free 3D display device; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; The components include: 1. Naked-eye 3D display device; 10. Front substrate; 11. 3D electrode layer; 111. First electrode layer; 112. Second electrode layer; 12. Lens structure; 120. Lens; 13. Liquid crystal layer; 14. Alignment film layer; 15. Back substrate; 16. Isolation film layer; 17. Backlight electrode layer; 171. First backlight electrode layer; 172. Second backlight electrode layer; 18. Backlight module; a. Hole transport layer; b. OLED light-emitting layer; c. Electron transport layer; 2. Driver chip; 3. Naked-eye 3D image driving circuit module. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0027] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0028] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0029] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" a second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of a second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" a second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature. It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element present. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "above," "below," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible embodiments.

[0031] Example 1, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the electronic device of this embodiment includes a glasses-free 3D display device 1 with switchable display modes, a driver chip 2, and a glasses-free 3D image driving circuit module 3. The driver chip 2 is connected to the 3D electrode layer and the backlight electrode layer of the glasses-free 3D display device 1, and performs glasses-free 3D display with switchable display modes based on receiving signals from the glasses-free 3D image driving circuit module via wired or wireless means.

[0032] Specifically, the naked-eye 3D display device 1 includes a front substrate 10, a 3D electrode layer 11, a cylindrical lens structure 12, a liquid crystal layer 13, an alignment film layer 14, a back substrate 15, an insulating film layer 16, a backlight electrode layer 17, and a backlight module 18.

[0033] In this example, the 3D electrode layer 11 includes a first electrode layer 111 and a second electrode layer 112. The first electrode layer 111 is formed on the front substrate 10, the lenticular lens structure 12 is formed on the first electrode layer 111, the alignment film layer 14 is deposited on the second electrode layer 112, and the liquid crystal layer 13 fills the space between the lenticular lens structure 12 and the alignment film layer 14. The backlight electrode layer 17 includes a first backlight electrode layer 171 and a second backlight electrode layer 172. The backlight module 18 is located between the first backlight electrode layer 171 and the second backlight electrode layer 172. An insulating film layer 16 separates the second electrode layer 112 and the first backlight electrode layer 171. The second backlight electrode layer 172 is formed on the back substrate 15. The lenticular lens structure 12 includes a plurality of lenticular lenses 120 arranged side by side and aligned. The bottom of each lenticular lens 120 forms a continuous wavy lenticular surface, and the liquid crystal layer fills the space between the lenticular surface and the front side of the alignment film layer. By separating the cylindrical lens surface and the alignment film layer, not only is the problem of uneven alignment film groove forming solved, but the forming and processing of the structure is also more favorable. The cross-section of each cylindrical lens 120 is U-shaped, and each pair of adjacent U-shapes are spliced ​​from the vertical part. The wavy cylindrical lens surface is formed by the bottom of each U-shape. The beam splitting formed by the bottom of the U-shape is more conducive to naked-eye 3D display. At the same time, the wavy cylindrical lens itself is an optical element. In 3D display mode, it is responsible for guiding light in different directions. The alignment function is directly integrated into the lens surface, making the optical path design more efficient. This helps to improve the crosstalk level of 3D mode and the response efficiency of 2D / 3D switching. At the same time, the optical function (lens) and liquid crystal driving function (alignment) are integrated into the physical structure, and the behavior of liquid crystal molecules is directly and powerfully controlled through the precise curved surface shape. The front and back sides of the alignment film layer 14 are both flat, and the liquid crystal layer 13 fills the space between the wavy cylindrical lens surface and the front side of the alignment film layer 14. The first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 112 can be in the form of a full-surface electrode or an array-partitioned structure. In short, depending on the application scenario, the 3D electrode layers of this device can be designed as a full-surface electrode (e.g., a full-surface ITO film) or can adopt various array-partitioned modes of thin-film transistors (TFTs). In this example, the array-partitioned structure includes single-column multi-row (rows ≥ 2), single-row multi-column (columns ≥ 2), and multi-row multi-column (both rows and columns ≥ 2). Furthermore, the transistor materials for the array-partitioned structure include amorphous silicon TFTs, polycrystalline silicon TFTs, organic TFTs, and oxide TFTs. This balances performance, cost, and stability to meet the specific needs of different circuit modules.

[0034] Furthermore, the back substrate 15 and the front substrate 10 have the same thickness and are made of transparent glass or plastic. The thickness of the insulating film layer 16 is less than that of the back substrate 15. The selection of insulating layer materials is not limited to insulating materials such as PI (polyimide), which not only isolates electron penetration and mutual electric field effects between the 3D electrode layer and the OLED electrode layer, but also provides the necessary conditions for a thinner and lighter structure. The backlight electrode layer 17 is an OLED electrode layer, and the backlight module 18 includes a hole transport layer a, an OLED light-emitting layer b, and an electron transport layer c. OLED light emission is not achieved by a single layer of material, but by the collaborative efforts of multiple organic thin film layers, including hole transport layer a, OLED light-emitting layer b, and electron transport layer c. Hole transport layer a is located near the anode, and its main task is to efficiently receive holes from the anode and transport them to the light-emitting layer. OLED light-emitting layer b is the core functional area, where electrons and holes meet and combine to emit light. To improve luminous efficiency and color purity, a technique of doping a small amount of highly efficient fluorescent or phosphorescent dyes into the host material is often used. Electron transport layer c is located near the cathode and is responsible for receiving electrons from the cathode and transporting them to the light-emitting layer.

[0035] Example 2, as Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the electronic device in this embodiment has a structure that is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, except for the shape of the alignment film layer 14, as detailed below.

[0036] The front side of the alignment film 14 has a nanoscale wavy interface, and the direction of the wave extension is the same as the direction of the parallel arrangement of the cylindrical lenses; the back side of the alignment film 14 is flat. The wavy continuous curved surface provides a larger and more directional contact area for the liquid crystal molecules, making the initial alignment (pretilt angle) of the liquid crystal molecules more accurate and stable, while also benefiting the alignment of the liquid crystal, making it easier to align, and improving the alignment force of the liquid crystal.

[0037] The functional form of the wave interface is: z(x) = A*sin(2πx / λ+θ), where z(x) represents the vertical height of the interface at the horizontal position x; A represents the wave amplitude, which is half the height from the crest to the trough, reflecting the degree of surface undulation, and its value ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 µm. That is, the amplitude of the basic wave mainly controls the light scattering angle. The larger the amplitude, the more dispersed the light and the wider the viewing angle; λ represents the wavelength, which is the length of a complete wave cycle, determining the wave density, and its value ranges from 1.0 to 10.0 µm. That is, it determines the density of the optical structure. The smaller the wavelength, the better the effect of suppressing moiré patterns may be; θ represents the phase, used to determine the starting position of the wave, and its radian value ranges from 0 to 2π. That is, it adjusts the starting position of the wave morphology to optimize the superposition effect of multiple periodic structures.

[0038] Example 3, as Figures 7 to 9As shown, the electronic device of this embodiment has a structure that is basically the same as that of embodiment 2, except for the shape of the alignment film layer 14, the insulating film layer 16 and the second electrode layer 112, as detailed below.

[0039] The front side of the alignment layer 14 features a nanoscale wavy interface, with the wave extension direction aligned with the direction of the cylindrical lens. The back side of the alignment layer 14 also exhibits the same nanoscale wavy interface. This continuous wavy surface provides a larger and more directional contact area for the liquid crystal molecules, resulting in a more precise and stable initial alignment (pretilt angle). Simultaneously, the wavy support structure enhances mechanical strength and suppresses substrate bending deformation. The front side of the barrier layer 16 is parallel to the front side of the alignment layer 14, and the second electrode layer 112, of uniform thickness, is formed between the wavy interface of the alignment layer 14 and the barrier layer 16. This avoids uneven thickness of the second electrode layer 112, which could affect the display uniformity, image quality, and long-term reliability of the OLED display device. Furthermore, the back side of the barrier layer 16 is planar, and the backlight electrode layer is attached to it. In other words, by placing the wavy surface closer to the lenticular lens, it optimizes not only the viewing angle and uniformity (the wavy structure scatters light, helping to eliminate brightness unevenness that may be caused by the periodic structure of pixels and lenticular lenses, and effectively expanding the viewing angle, allowing you to see a stable and color-consistent image even when you are off-center from the screen), but also suppresses moiré patterns (the precisely designed microstructure of the wavy surface can disrupt the periodicity that may cause optical interference, thus effectively suppressing annoying moiré patterns, i.e., a water ripple-like interference pattern), improving visual clarity. Simply put, the wavy surface mainly acts as a pre-processing element for light; while the wavy surface closer to the lenticular lens plays the role of final optimization, directly serving the 3D viewing experience.

[0040] Specifically, regarding the wavy surface of the insulating layer, the amplitude of the wave can be understood as the height of the wave. The larger the amplitude, the more significant the undulations on the surface of the insulating layer. When light from the organic backlight module (OLED) passes through, this undulation will produce a stronger scattering effect on the light, dispersing the originally concentrated light into a wider angular range. This is a key technology for achieving ultra-wide viewing angles (e.g., reaching 170°). At the same time, the amplitude A in the formula directly determines the intensity distribution of the scattered light; the wavelength of the wave represents the length of a complete cycle. Meanwhile, in the field of naked-eye 3D displays, densely arranged pixels and touch sensor electrodes form periodic microstructures. These structures may produce optical interference, leading to undesirable visual effects such as moiré patterns. That is, by adjusting the wavelength of the wavy surface of the insulating layer (e.g., matching it to the pixel cycle or having a specific non-integer relationship), this interference condition can be effectively disrupted, thereby suppressing moiré patterns and improving the uniformity and purity of the displayed image.

[0041] In summary, by adopting this glasses-free 3D display device, the backlight electrode layer and the backlight module form a backlight, which, combined with a lens, refracts the light from a corresponding set of pixels below in different directions, thereby providing different images for the left and right eyes and achieving glasses-free 3D display. Simultaneously, based on the dynamic changes of liquid crystal molecules, it achieves switching between 2D and 3D states. Therefore, this invention, on the one hand, integrates the backlight display module by using an insulating film layer for electrode isolation, not only reducing the overall thickness of the display device but also eliminating the need for substrate thinning to overcome overall thickness limitations; on the other hand, it eliminates the need to form alignment film grooves on the surface of the lenticular lens structure, instead controlling the liquid crystal layer between the lenticular lens structure and the alignment film layer, thus avoiding... Optically, it effectively suppresses crosstalk and improves image quality. Furthermore, by reducing unnecessary light scattering and absorption losses, more backlight can be effectively utilized, potentially improving the overall screen brightness and contrast. Lower crosstalk and higher contrast directly translate into a better immersive stereoscopic visual experience, reducing visual fatigue from prolonged viewing. In addition, it simplifies the manufacturing process and significantly improves product yield. Thirdly, separating the cylindrical mirror surface and the alignment film layer not only solves the problem of uneven alignment film groove forming but also facilitates structural forming and processing. Simultaneously, the beam splitting formed by the U-shaped bottom is more conducive to naked-eye 3D display. Then, the base... The wavy cylindrical lens itself is an optical element. In 3D display mode, it is responsible for guiding light in different directions. The alignment function is directly integrated into the lens surface, making the optical path design more efficient. This helps improve the crosstalk level in 3D mode and the response efficiency of 2D / 3D switching. At the same time, the optical function (lens) and liquid crystal driving function (alignment) are integrated into the physical structure, and the behavior of liquid crystal molecules is directly and powerfully controlled through the precise curved shape. Fourthly, the front side of the alignment film has a nanoscale wavy interface, and the wavy extension direction of the interface is the same as the direction of the parallel layout of the cylindrical lens. The back side of the alignment film is flat; or the front side of the alignment film... The interface exhibits a nanometer-scale wave pattern, with the wave extension direction aligned with the direction of the cylindrical lens. The back side of the alignment film also features the same nanometer-scale wave pattern. This continuous wave-shaped surface provides a larger and more directional contact area for the liquid crystal molecules, resulting in a more precise and stable initial alignment (pretilt angle) of the liquid crystal molecules. Simultaneously, the wave-shaped support structure enhances mechanical strength and suppresses substrate bending deformation. Fifthly, the front side of the isolation film is parallel to the front side of the alignment film, and the second electrode layer, with equal thickness, is formed between the wave interface of the alignment film and the isolation film. This avoids uneven thickness of the second electrode layer affecting the display uniformity, image quality, and long-term reliability of the OLED display device.The sixth aspect is that the back of the insulating film layer is flat, and the backlight electrode layer is attached. This means that by placing the wavy surface near the lenticular lens, it can optimize viewing angle and uniformity just before light exits the screen (the wavy structure scatters light, helping to eliminate brightness unevenness caused by the periodic structure of pixels and lenticular lenses, and effectively expanding the viewing angle, allowing you to see a stable and color-consistent image even when you are off-center from the screen), and suppress moiré patterns (the precisely designed microstructure of the wavy surface can disrupt the periodicity that may cause optical interference, thus effectively suppressing annoying moiré patterns, i.e., a water ripple-like interference pattern), improving visual purity. Simply put, the wavy surface mainly acts as a pre-processor of light; while the wavy surface near the lenticular lens plays the role of final optimization. This is for 3D viewing experience services; Seventhly, regarding wave interfaces with different structures, such as the wave interface of the insulating film layer, its main function is to benefit the alignment of liquid crystals, making alignment easier and improving the alignment force of the liquid crystals; while the wave surface of the insulating layer requires finite element analysis to simulate a series of complex behaviors such as light propagation, scattering, and interference, and to repeatedly adjust parameters until an optimal balance is achieved in multiple indicators such as brightness, viewing angle, contrast, and color uniformity. In some specific implementations, the functional form of the wave interface is: z(x)=A*sin(2πx / λ+θ), where z(x) represents the vertical height of the interface at the horizontal position x, A represents the wave amplitude, i.e., half the height from the crest to the trough, used to reflect the degree of surface undulation, and its value ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 µm; λ represents the wavelength, i.e., the length of a complete wave cycle, which determines the wave density, and its value ranges from 1.0 to 10.0. µm; θ represents the phase, used to determine the starting position of the wave, and the radian value ranges from 0 to 2π. Especially for the wavy surface of the insulating layer, the amplitude of the wave can be understood as the height of the wave. The larger the amplitude, the more significant the undulation of the insulating layer surface. When light from the organic backlight module (OLED) passes through, this undulation will produce a stronger scattering effect on the light, scattering the originally concentrated light into a wider angle range. This is a key technology to achieve an ultra-wide viewing angle (e.g., reaching 170°). At the same time, the amplitude A in the formula directly determines the intensity distribution of the scattered light. The wavelength of the wave represents the length of a complete cycle. In the field of naked-eye 3D display, the densely arranged pixels and touch sensor electrodes will form a periodic microstructure. These structures may produce optical interference, resulting in undesirable visual effects such as moiré patterns. That is, by adjusting the wavelength of the wavy surface of the insulating layer (e.g., matching it with the pixel cycle or having a specific non-integer relationship), this interference condition can be effectively disrupted, thereby suppressing moiré patterns and improving the uniformity and purity of the display image.Eighthly, depending on the application scenario, the 3D electrode layer of this device can be designed as a full-surface electrode (e.g., a full-surface ITO film), or it can adopt various array block modes of thin-film transistors (TFTs). The array block forms include single column multi-row (number of rows ≥ 2), single row multi-column (number of columns ≥ 2), and multi-row multi-column (number of rows and columns both ≥ 2). The transistor materials for the array block forms include amorphous silicon thin-film transistors, polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors, organic thin-film transistors, and oxide thin-film transistors, balancing performance, cost, and stability to meet the specific needs of different circuit modules. Ninthly, the thickness of the back substrate and the front substrate are equal, and the material is transparent glass or plastic, while the thickness of the insulating film layer is less than the thickness of the back substrate. The selection of insulating layer materials is not limited to insulating materials such as PI (polyimide). These layers not only isolate electron penetration and mutual electric field interactions between the 3D electrode layer and the OLED electrode layer, but also provide the necessary conditions for thinner and lighter structures. Tenthly, OLED light emission is not achieved by a single material layer, but rather through the collaborative work of multiple organic thin film layers, including a hole transport layer, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer. The hole transport layer, located near the anode, is primarily responsible for efficiently receiving holes from the anode and transporting them to the emissive layer. The emissive layer, the core functional area, is where electrons and holes meet and "combine" to emit light. To improve luminous efficiency and color purity, a technique of doping the main material with a small amount of highly efficient fluorescent or phosphorescent dyes is often employed. The electron transport layer, located near the cathode, is responsible for receiving electrons from the cathode and transporting them to the emissive layer.

[0042] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes, comprising a front substrate, a 3D electrode layer, a lenticular lens structure, a liquid crystal layer, an alignment film layer, and a back substrate, characterized in that, The 3D electrode layer includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer is formed on the front substrate, a lenticular lens structure is formed on the first electrode layer, an alignment film layer is deposited on the second electrode layer, and a liquid crystal layer fills the space between the lenticular lens structure and the alignment film layer; the naked-eye 3D display device also includes an insulating film layer, a backlight electrode layer, and a backlight module, wherein the backlight electrode layer includes a first backlight electrode layer and a second backlight electrode layer, the backlight module is located between the first backlight electrode layer and the second backlight electrode layer, the insulating film layer insulates and separates the second electrode layer and the first backlight electrode layer, and the second backlight electrode layer is formed on the back substrate.

2. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical lens structure includes multiple cylindrical lenses arranged side by side and aligned, wherein the bottom of each cylindrical lens forms a continuous wavy cylindrical mirror surface, and a liquid crystal layer fills the space between the cylindrical mirror surface and the front side of the alignment film layer.

3. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each cylindrical lens has a U-shaped cross-section, and each pair of adjacent U-shapes are joined together from the vertical part. The wavy cylindrical lens surface is formed by the bottom of each U-shape.

4. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The front side of the alignment film has a nanoscale wavy interface, and the wavy extension direction of the interface is the same as the direction of the parallel arrangement of the cylindrical lenses; the back side of the alignment film is flat.

5. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The front side of the alignment film has a nanoscale wavy interface, and the direction of the wave extension of the wavy interface is the same as that of the cylindrical lens; the back side of the alignment film also has the same nanoscale wavy interface.

6. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The front side of the insulating film is parallel to the front side of the alignment film, and the second electrode layer is formed of equal thickness between the wavy interface of the alignment film and the insulating film.

7. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The back of the insulating film is flat, and the backlight electrode layer is attached.

8. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 4, 5, 6, or 7, characterized in that, The functional form of the wave interface is: z(x) = A*sin(2πx / λ+θ), where z(x) represents the vertical height of the interface at the horizontal position x; A represents the wave amplitude, which is half the height from the crest to the trough, reflecting the degree of surface undulation, and its value ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 µm; λ represents the wavelength, which is the length of a complete wave cycle, determining the wave density, and its value ranges from 1.0 to 10.0 µm; θ represents the phase, used to determine the starting position of the wave, and its radian value ranges from 0 to 2π.

9. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer can be in the form of a whole surface electrode or an array of blocks.

10. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 9, characterized in that, Array block formats include single column with multiple rows, single row with multiple columns, and multiple rows with multiple columns.

11. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 10, characterized in that, The materials used in array-based transistors include amorphous silicon thin-film transistors, polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors, organic thin-film transistors, and oxide thin-film transistors.

12. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The back substrate and the front substrate have the same thickness and are made of transparent glass or plastic.

13. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the insulating film layer is less than the thickness of the back substrate.

14. The glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backlight electrode layer is an OLED electrode layer, and the backlight module includes a hole transport layer, an OLED light-emitting layer, and an electron transport layer.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a glasses-free 3D display device with switchable display modes as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, a driver chip, and a glasses-free 3D image driving circuit module, wherein the driver chip is connected to the 3D electrode layer and the backlight electrode layer respectively, and performs glasses-free 3D display with switchable display modes based on receiving signals from the glasses-free 3D image driving circuit module via wired or wireless means.

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